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EP3015498B1 - Méthode pour remplir l'espace entre une contre-aiguille et un rail de commutation dans un commutateur de chemin de fer avec un élément d'étanchéité compressible - Google Patents

Méthode pour remplir l'espace entre une contre-aiguille et un rail de commutation dans un commutateur de chemin de fer avec un élément d'étanchéité compressible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3015498B1
EP3015498B1 EP14191296.4A EP14191296A EP3015498B1 EP 3015498 B1 EP3015498 B1 EP 3015498B1 EP 14191296 A EP14191296 A EP 14191296A EP 3015498 B1 EP3015498 B1 EP 3015498B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foam
sealing element
smaller
switch
rail
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14191296.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3015498A1 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Van Damme
Philippe Vander Schelden
Peter De Wilde
Mario Genetello
Rudy Mortelmans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Recticel NV SA
Original Assignee
Recticel NV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Recticel NV SA filed Critical Recticel NV SA
Priority to ES14191296.4T priority Critical patent/ES2627278T3/es
Priority to EP14191296.4A priority patent/EP3015498B1/fr
Priority to SI201430221A priority patent/SI3015498T1/sl
Priority to US15/523,561 priority patent/US10669391B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2015/075340 priority patent/WO2016066840A1/fr
Publication of EP3015498A1 publication Critical patent/EP3015498A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3015498B1 publication Critical patent/EP3015498B1/fr
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    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for filling at least partially the gap between a stock rail and a switch rail in a railway switch, in particular for preventing the railway switch from being blocked by accumulation of materials such a snow and/or dirt in said gap, in which method at least one compressible sealing element which comprises at least one piece made of a resilient foam is inserted in said gap, which sealing element has a top surface, two opposite lateral surfaces and a bottom surface.
  • Sealing elements can be applied in the gaps between switch rails and stock rails of railway switches to prevent these switches from being blocked by accumulation of materials such a snow and/or dirt in these gaps.
  • the gaps between the switch rails and the seal rails are not filled with such compressible sealing elements, the snow has to be removed manually or automatically by means of blowers or usually by means of a heating system.
  • Such systems are however quite expensive and require a lot of energy (electricity or gas).
  • they should be reliable which may also be a problem since they are subjected to all kinds of weather conditions and also to wind and dust generated by passing trains.
  • Sealing elements made of closed-cell ethylene foam for preventing snow from accumulating between the rails of railway switches have already been publicly in use.
  • An advantage of such sealing elements is that water cannot penetrate therein. Moreover, they don't soak up moisture and therefore don't freeze, even in cold climates.
  • closed-cell polyethylene foam sealing elements An important drawback of the closed-cell polyethylene foam sealing elements is however that the pressure required to compress them quickly rises, even exponentially, when they are being compressed to a larger extent.
  • the actual displacement of the switch rails is larger towards their free (distal) extremities.
  • the gap between the switch rails and the stock rails has moreover the smallest width so that the relative reduction of the width of the gap reaches a maximum near the free extremities of the switch rails.
  • the polyethylene foam sealing elements are therefore not applied close to the free extremities of the switch rails as they would at that location strongly increase the force required to pull the switch rail against the stock rail, i.e. to close the switch.
  • the closed-cell foam is not suited to be compressed to such a large extent and would get damaged. At least at that location, a heating system is therefore still required.
  • a further drawback of the polyethylene foam sealing elements is that, since they have to be applied underneath the laterally projecting heads of the switch and the stock rails, they have to be compressed manually to a quite large extent to be able to pass the narrow gap between the heads of the switch rail and the stock rail.
  • the known closed-cell polyethylene foam sealing elements are therefore made in two layers which are applied one on top of the other in the gaps. Each of these layers has a flat top surface and a transversally undulated bottom surface. In this way, the flexibility of each of the layers is improved. Both layers are applied on top of one another with the undulated bottom surfaces facing each other and fitting in one another. Notwithstanding this layered structure, the sealing elements are still quite difficult to be inserted in the gaps between the rails underneath the heads of these rails.
  • the sealing elements are composed of two superimposed layers doesn't reduce the relatively large force required to close the switch.
  • the risk that as a result of the vibrations and the wind generated by a passing train the foam layers may be blown out of the gap between the rails is increased.
  • NL-C-1004040 discloses a railway switch which comprises a tip part that can rotate over a small angle about a vertical pivot axis so that its point engages either one of two fixed rails.
  • the tip part has a V-shaped head which fits into a V-shaped recess formed by the two fixed rails whilst allowing the required rotation of the tip part arount its pivot axis.
  • this narrow gap is sealed off by means of rubber or an elastomeric material.
  • This patent does not relate to the problem of snow or dirt which may accumulate between the switch rails and stock rails of a railway switch.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new method for filling at least partially the gap between a stock rail and a switch rail in a railway switch, in particular for preventing the railway switch from being blocked by accumulation of materials such a snow and/or dirt in said gap, in which method use is made of compressible sealing elements which are easier to be inserted in the gaps between the switch and stock rails of a railway switch and which have a smaller effect on the force required to close the switch so that they can be applied closer to the free extremity of the switch rail.
  • the method according to the invention is characterised in that said foam has an open-cell content of at least 50%, in that a rectangular cuboid circumscribing the sealing element and having a top face tangent to said top surface, two lateral faces tangent to said two lateral surfaces and a bottom face tangent to said bottom surface has, in the uncompressed state of the sealing element, a predetermined total volume and said foam has such a hardness that it requires a force of less than 2000 N to compress the sealing element per meter length thereof in a direction perpendicular to the lateral faces of said rectangular cuboid until the total volume of the rectangular cuboid circumscribing the compressed sealing element is reduced to 60% of said predetermined total volume, and in that the sealing element comprises a water-impermeable cover layer which extends at least over said top surface.
  • the foam Due to the fact that at least 50% of the cells of the foam are open, the foam can be compressed to a considerable extent before the pressure required to compress the foam starts to increase exponentially or before the foam cells may get damaged.
  • the sealing element can thus be applied also closer to the free extremity of the switch rail where the width of the gap between the switch rail and the stock rail is for example reduced with up to 50%, 75% or even up to 90% when closing the switch rail.
  • the force required to close the switch rail can be kept sufficiently low. Even in case of alternating cycles of freezing and thawing no ice can be formed in the open-cell foam of the sealing element when it is covered with snow since the top surface of the sealing element is formed by a water-impermeable cover layer.
  • the cover layer is supported underneath the top surface of the sealing element by said foam and is adhered over substantially the entire top surface of the sealing element to said foam.
  • the cover layer is prevented from undulating upwards when the sealing element is compressed so that there is no risk that it may come in contact with the wheels of the train passing over the switch, in particular with the flanges thereof.
  • said foam is a polyurethane foam, preferably a polyurethane foam having an open-cell content of at least 90%, more preferably a reticulated polyurethane foam.
  • Reticulated polyurethane foams are usually produced from flexible open-celled foams having a skeletal framework of relatively heavy strands connected by very thin membranes, often called windows, which form the cell walls. In open-celled foams, some of the windows are open or torn in each cell, thus forming an interconnecting network open to fluid flow. Reticulation relates to methods for removing or breaking the cell windows of polyurethane foams. Mechanical, chemical and thermal methods for reticulating foams are known. As one example, foam may be reticulated by destroying substantially all of the windows with a high temperature flame front or explosion, which still leaves the strand network intact.
  • the cell windows may be etched away using the hydrolysing action of water in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide.
  • Various reticulating methods of polyurethane foams are for example disclosed in US Patent Nos. 3 405 217 , 3 423 338 , 3 425 890 and 4 670 477 .
  • the reticulated foams produced therefrom are generally softer which is advantageous in the present sealing elements since such a reduced hardness reduces the forces required to compress the sealing element.
  • said foam has a water uptake, determined at 25 deg. C in accordance with the French standard UEAtc H.1 MOD1, of less than 150 g/m 2 , preferably of less than 100 g/m 2 and more preferably of less than 75 g/m 2 .
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that when the sealing element rests on a humid underground, or even in a thin layer of water, it only wicks water to a limited height so that even when this water freezes, the resilient properties of the sealing element are sufficiently maintained.
  • the lateral sides of said rectangular cuboid circumscribing the sealing element in its uncompressed state of the sealing element have a height of at least 90 mm, preferably at least 95 mm and more preferably at least 100 mm, which height is preferably smaller than 130 mm, more preferably smaller than 120 mm and most preferably smaller than 110 mm.
  • the sealing element fits between the base and the head of the switch and stock rails of railway switches.
  • the top surface of the sealing element has two upwardly projecting ridges extending respectively along one of the two opposite lateral sides of the sealing element.
  • ridges are intended to engage the underside of the heads of the rails.
  • An advantage thereof is that the ridges can easily be compressed somewhat in case the sealing element has a height which is somewhat larger than the height of the web between the base and the head of the rails.
  • the top surface of the sealing element is recessed so that the risk that this top surface may come in contact with the wheels of a passing train, in particular with the flanges thereof, is reduced. Also when a ballast stone might have arrived on top of sealing element, this ballast stone cannot get stuck, near the free extremity of the switch rail, between the heads of the switch rail and the stock rail when the switch rail is closed.
  • the compressible sealing elements 1 illustrated in their uncompressed state in Figures 1 , 3 and 5 are elongated elements which have a substantially constant, mainly rectangular cross-section. They have a top surface 2, two opposite lateral surfaces 3, 4, and a bottom surface 5.
  • the top surface 2 has two upwardly projecting ridges 6 extending respectively along one of the two opposite lateral sides of the sealing element 1.
  • FIG. 3 A cross-section of a rectangular cuboid 7 circumscribing the sealing element 1 in its uncompressed state is also illustrated in Figure 3 .
  • This rectangular cuboid 7 has a top face 8 which is tangent to the top surface 2 of the sealing element 1, two opposite lateral faces 9 which are tangent to the lateral surfaces 3, 4 of the sealing element 1 and a bottom face 10 which is tangent to the bottom surface 5 of the sealing element 1. All of these faces are perpendicular to the adjacent faces.
  • the rectangular cuboid 7, which has a length equal to the length of the sealing element 1, has a predetermined volume in the uncompressed state of the sealing element 1.
  • the sealing elements 1 are preferably oversized to some extent so that when they are inserted in the gap 11 between a switch rail 12 and a stock rail 13 of a railway switch, in the open position of the switch rail 12, the sealing elements 1 are compressed to some extent.
  • the rectangular cuboid 14 circumscribing the sealing element 1 when compressed between the switch rail 12 and the stock rail 13 in the open position of the switch rail 12 has, as indicated in Figures 2 , 4 and 6 a volume which is preferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 10% smaller than the volume of the rectangular cuboid 7 which circumscribes the sealing element 1 in its uncompressed state.
  • the sealing element 1 When the switch rail 12 is closed, the sealing element 1 is compressed to a smaller volume, so that the volume of the circumscribing rectangular cuboid may be 50%, 70% or closer to the free extremity of the switch rail even 90% smaller than the volume of the rectangular cuboid 7 circumscribing the sealing element 1 in its uncompressed state.
  • the sealing elements 1 illustrated in the drawings consist of a piece of resilient foam 17 and of a water-impermeable cover layer 18 fixed to the piece of foam 17.
  • a groove 15 is provided in the bottom surface of the piece of resilient foam 17 and transverse helical compression springs 16 are provided in this groove 15.
  • the presence of the groove 16 is intended to reduce the force needed to compress the sealing element 1.
  • the compression springs 16 increase this force but are especially intended to assist the sealing element 1 from recovering its initial volume when the switch rail 12 is moved from its closed to its open position.
  • the helical compression springs 16 can also be provided in the foam 17 itself, preferably embedded in pockets, in order to accelerate the expansion of the foam 17 when the switch rail 12 is opened.
  • the foam 17 has preferably a hysteresis loss which is smaller than 55%, preferably smaller than 50% and more preferably smaller than 45%, measured in accordance with ISO 3386-1:1986 (on the 4 th compression curve).
  • a lower hysteresis loss corresponds to a higher resilience and to a quicker recovery of the initial foam volume when releasing the compression pressure.
  • the recovery of the foam can be improved by embedding compression springs in the foam.
  • the foam 17 has an open-cell content of at least 50%. This means that less than 50% of the cells of the foam are entirely closed, i.e. have intact cell walls.
  • the open-cell content of the foam 17 comprises preferably at least 70% and more preferably at least 90%.
  • the foam is in particular preferably a reticulated foam, i.e. a foam which comprises no closed cells.
  • an open-cell foam Compared to a closed cell foam, an open-cell foam has a lower CDH value (Compression load Deflection Hardness) at 40% compression.
  • the open-cell foam 17 used in the sealing elements 1 has preferably a CDH40 value, measured in accordance with ISO 3386-1:1986, smaller than 20 kPa, preferably smaller than 15 kPa, more preferably smaller than 10 kPa and most preferably smaller than 7.5 kPa.
  • the CDH40 value of the foam is preferably larger than 0.5 kPa, more preferably larger than 1 kPa and most preferably larger than 2 kPa.
  • the foam is a resilient foam and has in particular a resilience, measured in accordance with ASTM D 3574-11 H (ball rebound), which is larger than 25%, preferably larger than 30%.
  • the foam 17 is preferably a polyurethane foam.
  • the piece of polyurethane foam 17 can be moulded in a closed mould but preferably it is cut out of a larger foam block.
  • the sealing element 1 may comprise one piece of foam 17, as illustrated in the figures, or two or more pieces of foam. These foam pieces can be adhered to one another, for example by means of a glue, or they can be kept together by the cover layer surrounding the pieces of foam. Preferably the foam of all the different foam pieces has the foam properties described hereabove.
  • the piece or pieces (if there is more than one piece) of resilient foam 17, have a volume which is at least equal to 25%, preferably at least equal to 40% and more preferably at least equal to 60% of the predetermined total volume of the rectangular cuboid 7 which circumscribe the sealing element 1 in its uncompressed state.
  • the sealing element 1 used in the method of the present invention comprises a water-impermeable cover layer 17 which extends at least over the top surface 2 of the sealing element 1.
  • the cover layer 17 extends over the entire top surface 2 of the sealing element. It further extends over the entire height of the lateral surfaces 3, 4 so that no water can penetrate into the piece of foam 17.
  • the sealing element 1 On the bottom surface 5 the sealing element 1 is not provided with a cover layer. In this way a large surface area is available for letting the air contained in the pores of the foam 17 escape so that the switch rail 12 can be closed quickly, for example in three seconds as is usual for railway switches.
  • the foam used in the sealing element 1 is however preferably a hydrophobic foam, such as a hydrophobic polyurethane foam. If necessary, the hydrophobic properties of the foam can be increased after the production thereof by impregnating it with water-repellent substances such as waxes.
  • the foam has preferably such hydrophobic properties that the water uptake of the foam, determined at 25 deg. C in accordance with the French standard UEAtc H.1 MOD1, is smaller than 150 g/m 2 , preferably smaller than 100 g/m 2 and more preferably smaller than 75 g/m 2 . According to this standard, the water uptake is measured at 25°C for samples of 150 x 150 x 20 mm, which test can be performed as described in WO 01/00718 .
  • the cover layer 18 is supported underneath the top surface 2 of the sealing element 1 by the resilient foam 17 and is adhered over substantially the entire top surface 2 to this foam 17.
  • the cover layer 18 is preferably adhered continuously to the foam 17 but it can also be adhered in spots thereto, which spots are distributed of the entire top surface 2 so that when the sealing element 1 is compressed for example to 60% of its initial volume, the cover layer 18 remains over the entire top surface 2 in contact with the foam or extends locally at a distance of at most 5 mm, preferably of at most 2 mm, from the surface of the foam 17. In this way, when the switch rail 12 is closed and the sealing element 1 compressed, there is no risk that the cover layer 18 may project upwards and come into contact with the wheels of the passing train.
  • the cover layer 18 may be laminated onto the piece of foam 17. This can be done by a suitable adhesive or for example by flame lamination.
  • the cover layer 18 may comprise a textile layer which is provided with a coating, for example a glass fibre fabric coated with polyurethane or a tarpaulin comprising a PVC coating.
  • the cover layer 18 may also comprise a coating layer which is applied in liquid form onto the piece of foam 17.
  • This coating layer may be an isocyanate-based coating layer which is applied in liquid form onto the foam 17, for example by spraying it thereon in the way as described in EP-B-0 303 305 .
  • This isocyanate-based coating layer comprises in particular a polyurethane coating layer, a polyurea-modified polyurethane coating layer or a polyurea coating layer.
  • a polyurea coating layer is preferred in view of its high wear resistance.
  • a thin permeable layer Prior to applying the liquid coating material, a thin permeable layer can be applied onto the foam 17, which layer is less permeable than the foam 17 to prevent the liquid coating material to penetrate over a too large distance into the foam, in particular when being applied by a spray process.
  • the foam can however also be dipped into the liquid coating material or the piece of foam can be overmoulded with the liquid coating material, in particular in accordance with a ROM process (Reaction OverMoulding process), as disclosed for example in EP-B-2 024 158 .
  • the foam 17 can be produced/moulded against the cover layer 18, for example starting from a foamable polyurethane reaction mixture.
  • the cover layer 18 can be positioned first in the mould or it can be produced therein.
  • the foam 17 is moulded against a mould surface, it is finally also possible to use an integral skin technique wherein a closed skin is produced against the mould surface.
  • the mould surface may first have been coated with a so-called in-mould coating, which may be a paint layer or an elastomeric skin layer (for example an elastomeric polyurethane layer).
  • the foam 17 has an open-cell content of at least 50% and has moreover such a hardness that it requires a force of less than 2000 N, preferably of less than 1500 N, more preferably of less than 1000 N and most preferably of less than 750 N, to compress the sealing element 1 per meter length thereof in a direction perpendicular to the lateral faces 9 of the rectangular cuboid 7 circumscribing the sealing element 1 in its uncompressed state until the total volume of the rectangular cuboid circumscribing the compressed sealing element 1 is reduced with 40%, i.e. to 60% of its initial volume.
  • Such reduced compression forces can be achieved with the open-cell foam described hereabove.
  • a minimum force of at least 50 N, preferably of at least 100 N and more preferably of at least 200 N per meter length of the sealing element 1, to compress it to 60% of the initial volume of the circumscribing rectangular cuboid, is however preferred in order to be able to clamp the sealing element 1 with a relatively high pressure between the switch 12 and the stock rail 13 so that it is firmly stuck between both rails.
  • a railway switch provided with sealing elements 1 in the gaps 11 between the switch rails 12 and the stock rails 13 is shown in Figure 7 .
  • Three sealing elements 1-A (illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 ), having a width w of 110 mm and a length of 800 mm are applied near the free extremity of each of the switch rails 12, then two sealing elements 1-B (illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 ), having a width w of 160 mm and also a length of 800 mm are applied more to the proximal end of the switch rail 12 and finally two sealing elements 1-C (illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 ) which have a width w of 190 mm and a length of 800 mm.
  • a gap 19 is each time provided between the sealing elements 1, more particularly at the locations where the switch rail 12 is slidably mounted onto the railway sleepers 20.
  • the switch rail 12 and the stock rail 13 have a widened head 21 and a widened base 22 connected to each other by a vertical web 23. Closer to the distal extremity of the switch rail 12 the width of the widened head 21 may be reduced somewhat, as can be seen in Figure 7 .
  • the sealing elements either fit vertically between these heads 21 and bases 22 with no clearance or with a clearance which is smaller than 10 mm and preferably smaller than 5 mm so that they are always correctly positioned. Preferably, they are clamped between the heads 21 and the bases 22 of the switch rail 12 and between the heads 21 and the bases 22 of the stock rail 13 so that they are not only correctly positioned but also clamped more strongly between the rails 12, 13.
  • the different sealing elements 1-A, 1-B and 1-C all have the same height.
  • This height is defined as the height h of the lateral faces 9 of the rectangular cuboid 7 circumscribing the sealing element 1 in its uncompressed state.
  • These lateral faces 9 have a height h of at least 90 mm, preferably at least 95 mm and more preferably at least 100 mm.
  • the height h is preferably smaller than 130 mm, more preferably smaller than 120 mm and most preferably smaller than 110 mm.
  • the height h also includes the height of the ridges 6 on top of the sealing elements 1.
  • the ridges 6 can be easily compressed when inserting the sealing elements 1 between the switch 12 and stock rails 13.
  • the sealing elements 1 In between the ridges 6, the sealing elements 1 have a height which is smaller than the height h. Even when the top surfaces 2 of the sealing elements 1 may undulate somewhat when they are transversally compressed by closing the switch rail 12, they will never come into contact with the wheels of the passing train.
  • the smaller height of the sealing elements 1 in between the ridges 6 reduces the force required to compress the sealing elements 1 transversally, both when inserting the sealing elements 1 in the gap 11 between the switch 12 and the stock rail 13 and when closing the switch rail 12.
  • a further reduction of this force can be obtained by further reducing this height or by providing one or more grooves 15 in the bottom surface 5 of the sealing elements 1 or by providing cavities therein.
  • Such cavities can be produced by cutting transverse holes in the piece of foam 17 before applying the cover layer 18 thereon.
  • helical compression springs 16 can be provided into these transverse holes before the cover layer 18 is applied thereon. As already described, these compression springs 16 increase the recovery speed of the sealing elements 1 when the switch is opened again so that, even when quickly opening the switch rail 12, the sealing elements 1 remain continuously pressed against the switch 12 and the stock rail 13.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de remplissage au moins partiellement de l'espace (11) entre un rail contre-aiguille (13) et une lame d'aiguille (12) dans un commutateur ferroviaire, en particulier pour empêcher le commutateur ferroviaire de se bloquer en raison de l'accumulation de matières telles que de la neige et/ou des salissures dans ledit espace (11), dans lequel procédé au moins un élément d'étanchéité compressible (1), qui comprend au moins une pièce en mousse résistante (17), est inséré dans ledit espace (11), lequel élément d'étanchéité (1) a une surface supérieure (2), deux surfaces latérales, opposées (3, 4) et une surface inférieure (5), un cuboïde rectangulaire (7) circonscrivant l'élément d'étanchéité (1) et ayant une face supérieure (8) tangente à ladite surface supérieure (2), deux faces latérales (9) tangentes auxdites surfaces latérales (3, 4) et une face inférieure (10) tangente à ladite surface inférieure (5) ayant, dans l'état non comprimé de l'élément d'étanchéité (1), un volume total prédéfini,
    caractérisé en ce que
    ladite mousse (17) a une teneur en cellules ouvertes d'au moins 50 % et une dureté telle qu'une force inférieure à 2000 N est nécessaire pour comprimer l'élément d'étanchéité (1) par longueur métrique de celui-ci dans un sens perpendiculaire aux faces latérales (9) dudit cuboïde rectangulaire (7) jusqu'à ce que le volume total du cuboïde rectangulaire circonscrivant l'élément d'étanchéité comprimé (1) soit réduit à 60 % dudit volume total prédéfini, et l'élément d'étanchéité (1) comprend une couche de recouvrement (18) imperméable à l'eau qui se prolonge au moins sur ladite surface supérieure (2) et de préférence au moins partiellement sur lesdites surfaces latérales (3, 4).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche de recouvrement (18) est supportée sous ladite surface supérieure (2) par ladite mousse (17) et adhère sensiblement sur toute la surface supérieure (2) de l'élément d'étanchéité (1) à ladite mousse (17).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche de recouvrement (18) est stratifiée sur ladite mousse (17), ou ladite couche de recouvrement (18) comprend une couche de revêtement qui est appliquée, sous une forme liquide, sur ladite mousse (17), ou ladite mousse (17) est moulée contre ladite couche de recouvrement (18), ou ladite couche de recouvrement (18) comprend une couche superficielle intégrale produite lors du moulage de ladite mousse (17), ladite couche de recouvrement (18) comprenant de préférence une couche de revêtement à base d'isocyanate qui est appliquée, sous une forme liquide, sur ladite mousse (17), et qui comprend une couche de revêtement de polyuréthane, une couche de revêtement de polyuréthane modifiée par une polyurée ou une couche de revêtement de polyurée, de préférence une couche de revêtement de polyurée, ou ladite couche de recouvrement (18) comprend de préférence une couche de textile qui est dotée d'un revêtement, en particulier un tissu en fibres de verre revêtu de polyuréthane.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite mousse (17) a une dureté telle que ladite force est inférieure à 1500 N, de préférence inférieure à 1000 N, plus préférablement inférieure à 750 N par longueur métrique de l'élément d'étanchéité (1), ladite force étant supérieure à 50 N, plus préférablement supérieure à 100 N et de manière préférée entre toutes supérieure à 200 N par longueur métrique de l'élément d'étanchéité (1).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite mousse (17) a une valeur CDH à 40 % de compression, mesurée selon la norme ISO 3386-1:1986, inférieure à 20 kPa, de préférence inférieure à 15 kPa, plus préférablement inférieure à 10 kPa et de manière préférée entre toutes inférieure à 7,5 kPa, ladite mousse (17) ayant de préférence une perte d'hystérésis qui est inférieure à 55 %, de préférence inférieure à 50 % et plus préférablement inférieure à 45 % (mesurée selon la norme ISO 3386-1:1986).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite mousse (17) a une teneur en cellules ouvertes d'au moins 70 % et de préférence d'au moins 90 %, la mousse (17) étant plus préférablement une mousse réticulée (17).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite mousse (17) a une résistance, mesurée selon la norme ASTM D 3574-11 H, qui est supérieure à 25 %, de préférence supérieure à 30 %.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que dans l'état non comprimé de l'élément d'étanchéité (1), ladite mousse résistante (17) a un volume qui est au moins équivalent à 25 %, de préférence au moins équivalent à 40 % et plus préférablement au moins équivalent à 60 % du volume total prédéfini dudit cuboïde rectangulaire (7).
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que dans l'état non comprimé de l'élément d'étanchéité (1), les faces latérales (9) dudit cuboïde rectangulaire (7) ont une hauteur (h) d'au moins 90 mm, de préférence d'au moins 95 mm et plus préférablement d'au moins 100 mm, laquelle hauteur (h) est de préférence inférieure à 130 mm, plus préférablement inférieure à 120 mm et de manière préférée entre toutes inférieure à 110 mm.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite surface supérieure (2) a deux arrêtes se projetant vers le haut (6) se prolongeant respectivement sur l'un des deux côtés latéraux (3, 4) opposés de l'élément d'étanchéité (1).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite mousse (17) a une absorption d'eau, déterminée à 25 °C selon la norme française UEAtc H.1 MOD1, inférieure à 150 g/m2, de préférence inférieure à 100 g/m2 et plus préférablement inférieure à 75 g/m2.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que lors de l'application dudit élément d'étanchéité (1) dans ledit espace (11), il est comprimé entre le rail contre-aiguille (13) et la lame d'aiguille (12) dans la position ouverte de la lame d'aiguille (12) de sorte que le cuboïde rectangulaire (14) circonscrivant l'élément d'étanchéité (1) dans la position ouverte de la lame d'aiguille (12) ait un volume qui est au moins 5 % et de préférence au moins 10 % inférieur audit volume total prédéfini.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la lame d'aiguille (12) et le rail contre-aiguille (13) ont une tête élargie (21) et une base élargie (22) reliées l'une à l'autre par un réseau vertical (23), l'élément d'étanchéité (1) étant serré entre la tête (21) et la base (22) de la lame d'aiguille (12) et entre la tête (21) et la base (22) du rail contre-aiguille (13) ou s'adapte entre ces têtes (21) et bases (22) sans jeu ou avec un jeu qui est inférieur à 10 mm et de préférence inférieur à 5 mm.
EP14191296.4A 2014-10-31 2014-10-31 Méthode pour remplir l'espace entre une contre-aiguille et un rail de commutation dans un commutateur de chemin de fer avec un élément d'étanchéité compressible Active EP3015498B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES14191296.4T ES2627278T3 (es) 2014-10-31 2014-10-31 Método para llenar el hueco entre un raíl fijo y un raíl móvil en un desvío con un elemento de cierre comprimible
EP14191296.4A EP3015498B1 (fr) 2014-10-31 2014-10-31 Méthode pour remplir l'espace entre une contre-aiguille et un rail de commutation dans un commutateur de chemin de fer avec un élément d'étanchéité compressible
SI201430221A SI3015498T1 (sl) 2014-10-31 2014-10-31 Postopek za zapolnitev reže med glavno tirnico in ostrico v kretnici s stisljivim tesnilnim elementom
US15/523,561 US10669391B2 (en) 2014-10-31 2015-10-30 Compressible sealing element and use thereof for filling the gap between a stock rail and a switch rail in a railway switch
PCT/EP2015/075340 WO2016066840A1 (fr) 2014-10-31 2015-10-30 Élément d'étanchéité compressible et utilisation associée pour le remplissage de l'espace entre un rail contre-aiguille et une lame d'aiguille dans un aiguillage

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EP14191296.4A EP3015498B1 (fr) 2014-10-31 2014-10-31 Méthode pour remplir l'espace entre une contre-aiguille et un rail de commutation dans un commutateur de chemin de fer avec un élément d'étanchéité compressible

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CN108344582B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2019-09-10 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 一种汽车玻璃呢槽测试设备及测试方法
CN109518574B (zh) * 2018-11-30 2020-08-21 长沙理工大学 湿化作用下路基顶面当量回弹模量的确定方法
CN116512620A (zh) * 2022-07-23 2023-08-01 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司 道床用谐振板及其制作方法和应用

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US20170298206A1 (en) 2017-10-19
US10669391B2 (en) 2020-06-02
SI3015498T1 (sl) 2017-06-30
ES2627278T3 (es) 2017-07-27
WO2016066840A1 (fr) 2016-05-06

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