EP3000341A1 - Protective helmet - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a protective helmet comprising a curved in space outer contour (11) and also curved in space inner contour (12) and extending between the outer contour and the inner contour, the protective helmet stiffening web-like elements, according to the invention both the outer contour and the inner contour itself as well as the entire space between the outer contour and the inner contour of a plurality in different spatial directions oriented and via nodes (16, 22) interconnected strut elements (17, 21), which form a three-dimensional network structure with respective openings (19) between the strut elements , The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing such a protective helmet, in which stereolithography data are first created by the helmet structure and, on the basis of this data, a layered structure of the helmet in a 3D printing method, for example in a laser sintering method.

Description

The present invention relates to a protective helmet comprising a curved outer contour in space and also curved in space inner contour and extending between the outer contour and the inner contour, the protective helmet stiffening web-like elements consisting of a plurality oriented in different spatial directions and interconnected via nodes strut elements between the Outer contour and the inner contour, which form a three-dimensional network structure, each with openings between the strut elements.

Protective helmets according to the present invention may be, for example, bicycle helmets or motorcycle helmets or helmets that are worn in other sports such as protective helmets for skaters, skiers, riders or climbers. However, the invention also relates to protective helmets in general, as used in occupational safety, such as construction workers, miners or the like. These helmets can according to the particular application have a variety of forms, but this is common that they serve the head protection of the person wearing the helmet and therefore as effective against external shocks, shocks and other shocks from impact in case of accidents, falling objects etc. must protect. For this purpose, standards have been developed which are used to test the protective helmet, which is designed to allow only a maximum impact or force on the head, which, when exposed to the helmet, is applied to the head of the helmet from outside the helmet is passed on to this carrying person. Here the standard EN 1078 is relevant, in which the probes with a given mass fall from a given drop height and with thus defined impact velocity to a plane or a roof-shaped drop target and a maximum allowable acceleration of 250 g is measured via a sensor installed in the test head ,

The conventional protective helmets for cyclists or motorcyclists are usually always constructed so that they have an outer shell made of a harder, impact-resistant plastic and a core of a foam material such as polystyrene or expanded polystyrene (EPS). The material of the core, which surrounds the head, should thus be compliant, while the material of the outer shell opposes the impact or impact as high as possible resistance. For the production of such a protective helmet thus always two different materials are used, the outer shell and core must be made in separate processes and then connected to each other. This results in a comparatively complex manufacturing process. For example, the outer shell is deep-drawn, where appropriate still mechanically processed, for example by milling to achieve a desired final shape and then the core of foam is glued into the outer shell. There are also so-called "inmold" methods in which a deep-drawn shell of e.g. ABS is pressed in a foaming tool with an EPS. With protective helmets, the outer shell can also be produced by injection molding, however, then further operations are necessary to obtain the complete helmet. If the protective helmet has a complex outer contour and / or inner contour with undercuts, often the injection molding is not technically possible or only with unreasonably great effort.

In motorcycle helmets usually a continuous outer shell is present, that is, the outer contour is formed by a continuous surface. In cycling helmets, which usually have a rather elongated basic shape, the outer contour mostly has openings, which serve for ventilation. If in the present application of a curved in space outer contour is mentioned, it does not mean that it is a continuous flat curved contour, but the term "outer contour" means the most complex outer basic form, consisting of more or less large area sections and openings between them. The curvatures, elevations and depressions having outer contour is thus to be understood as an imaginary surface in the room, which results if one connects all the outer contour of the protective helmet-defining area areas together. The same considerations apply to the term used herein in the space curved inner contour of the protective helmet.

From the DE 43 29 297 A1 a bicycle helmet is known in which the helmet is made of blown plastic double-walled. So here, too, the protective helmet in principle has a two-shell construction with an outer wall and an inner wall spaced from the outer wall, wherein there is a cavity between the two. Although here outer contour and inner contour can form an integral part, but the cavity between them leads to a reduction in the stability of the outer shell upon application of force from the outside. The outer shell has air passage openings which aerate the cavity and it is deliberately believed that in a fall, the outer shell deforms and the volume of the cavity is compressed, with air escaping from the cavity through the openings to the outside. In a variant of this known protective helmet can run between the outer shell and the inner shell web-like stiffeners, but which are either formed integrally only with one of the shells and then end in front of the other shell, or must be made separately, then glued to one of the walls to become. Again, this requires a considerable effort in the production of the helmet. In addition, the webs used for stiffening between the two shells in each case only in one spatial direction, ie longitudinally and mutually approximately parallel and approximately perpendicular to the plane of the shells. The webs themselves, however, are not interconnected in the transverse direction, so that in this direction no stiffening is achieved.

In the DE 43 29 297 A1 also describes a variant of a protective helmet, in which the two walls are produced from a tube by blow molding, wherein before demolding outer wall and inner wall partially deformed and pressed against each other so that they lie in sections, which also results in a stiffening of the structure , However, comparatively large cavities remained between the superimposed sections. In addition, here the stiffening is only parallel to the outer wall and given approximately perpendicular thereto, there is no three-dimensional networking. The outer contour consists of comparatively large areas of the outer shell in which it is closed and hollow and therefore prone to deformation. Between the two-dimensional areas individual recesses are formed, in the area of outer shell and inner shell lie on each other. Recessed areas can be cut out of the outer shell after the blow molding process, which in turn requires an additional operation.

The DE 10 2010 026 238 B4 describes a carrying basket in the form of a shock-absorbing interior for a protective helmet. The support basket has a dome shape and has numerous hollow knobs, which are each about radially outwardly projecting outside on bands, the bands span an inner curved in space contour and exist between the bands larger breakthroughs. The helmet also has a hard calotte, which forms its outer shell, in which the aforementioned basket is used. The hollow knobs of the dome of the inner basket should deform plastically under impact in the height direction and thus act shock absorbing, so that they must consist of a deformable material. The hard calotte, which forms the outer shell, should be out a bulletproof material, so that it must be steel or another suitable material that can withstand extreme loads, as this protective helmet is intended for military applications. Since the hard outer shell and the plastic injection molded inner basket consist of completely different materials, they must first be made separately and then connected together in a further operation. Again, the outer shell is continuous as in the usual protective helmets.

Another crash helmet is from the DE 10 2005 006 083 B4 known. This is a typical motorcycle helmet with an outer impact-resistant outer shell over long areas, which extends over the top of the head up to the neck and with side areas over the ears. The helmet calotte has a Visierausschnitt. This form typical for motorcycle helmets, which is also referred to as integral helmet, differs significantly from helmets for cyclists or skaters, covering only smaller head areas. In this helmet, the typical bivalve structure is present, in which the bumps and shocks are absorbed by the outer helmet shell, while in this an inner padding part is inserted, which consists of a soft material and rests on the head of the helmet wearer. Outer helmet shell and upholstery must be joined together after separate production. The upholstery part consists of a foam material such as EPS material or Styrofoam, whereby on the inside additionally a cover can be applied. In addition, the visor must be made of a transparent plastic and attached to the helmet cap. For the production of such a helmet thus a larger number of manufacturing steps is necessary.

The in the DE 10 2007 040 945 A1 described cap comprises an outer plastic shell with a fabric cover, which is padded inside with a spacer knitted fabric. The outer plastic shell is continuous without openings and not open-celled.

Also the WO 2004/006706 A1 describes a helmet with a multi-shell construction, which indeed has an inner foam layer with a kind of honeycomb structure, but in which the outer layer consists of a continuous outer shell made of polycarbonate. This is the typical helmet construction with a closed hard outer shell, which has the task to absorb the impact forces and a soft inner layer, which pads the helmet.

The DE 198 45 916 A1 describes metal sponges as shock absorbers for helmets. Here, an open-pored metal sponge is used irreversibly deformable shock-absorbing material, but only for the inner use of the helmet, otherwise made of a foamed Plastic exists. The outer shell of such a helmet continues to consist of an impact-resistant plastic or even metal. The outer shell of the helmet is therefore still a closed shell, only in case of destruction of the metal sponge to strengthen the mechanical strength of the outer helmet shell.

In the DE 84 09 316 U1 is described a crash helmet, which is constructed in principle four-ply with an inner padding and connected to this rigid outer structure. The rigid outer structure in turn consists of a composite of three layers, namely a middle layer formed of a thin plastic framework with a plurality honeycombed arranged at both ends open cells and each outer side and inside coating layers of epoxy or polyester resin. Since the coating layers close the ends of the aforementioned middle layer, the helmet structure is open-celled neither outwardly nor inwardly.

The object of the present invention is to provide a protective helmet of the type mentioned above, which allows a simpler manufacturing and still meets the standards, which relates to the requirements for the compensation of external shocks and impacts.

The solution to this problem provides a protective helmet of the aforementioned type with the features of the main claim.

According to the invention, both the outer contour and the inner contour itself as well as the entire space between the outer contour and the inner contour consist of a plurality of strut elements oriented in different spatial directions and interconnected via nodal points, which form a three-dimensional network structure with respective openings between the strut elements. The invention thus leaves the known principle of the bivalve structure of outer hard helmet shell and inner soft cushion layer. Instead, both the outer impact absorbing region and the inner region adjacent the head of the helmet wearer are made of a unitary network structure. This makes it possible to produce a helmet according to the invention in only one production step and optionally homogeneous in material from only one material. This saves a considerable amount of time and makes it possible to recycle a decommissioned helmet cost-effectively without prior material separation. Another advantage is that in the manufacturing process only comparatively little material is processed, essentially only as much as needed for the desired product. This results in very little waste during production.

By the term "outer contour" as used herein is meant an imaginary curved plane formed by the respective outer ends of the struts of the network structure used, but which does not constitute a continuous, continuous surface, in contrast to conventional helmets with an outer helmet shell. Accordingly, the term "inner contour" means an imaginary curved plane formed by respective inner ends of the struts of the network structure used.

The three-dimensional network structure used for the helmet comprises strut elements extending in various directions in space and each connected to one another via nodes (and not only parallel in the radial direction, X-direction or Y-direction as in the prior art) whereby one achieves that forces acting from outside are distributed in all spatial directions by impacts and impacts via the network structure and are no longer forwarded unilaterally in one direction inwards to the head of the helmet wearer. This makes it possible to run through this network structure inward to the inner contour and the soft compliant padding structure of the inner shell is unnecessary.

A flat continuous outer shell is no longer required in principle in a protective helmet according to the invention. The course of the radially outermost strut elements forms the outer contour. These radially outermost strut elements also extend at least partially radially inwards, extend to nodes located there, from which in turn further strut elements extend in all possible spatial directions and in turn also radially inward, so that ultimately a three-dimensionally networked network structure of numerous strut elements up to extends to the inner contour of the helmet. Breakthroughs are located between the strut elements so that not only is there a network structure which is open to the outside in the area of the outer contour, but at the same time ensures the ventilation which is usual in bicycle helmets. However, the network is constructed with the junctions and junctions such that an outwardly open aperture does not extend in a consistent direction to the inner contour of the helmet, but intervening there are nodes from which further strut elements extend in other directions, between them again due to perforations are given distances.

According to a preferred development of the present invention, the network structure may have a more regular structure, wherein the strut elements form a truss-like structure with a first number of strut elements aligned in the X direction, a second number of aligned in the Y direction, to the first strut elements in approximately perpendicular extending and connected thereto strut elements and a third number in the Z direction aligned to each of the first and the second strut elements approximately perpendicular and with these each connected strut elements.

Other regular network structures are possible, for example, the strut elements in a sectional plane formed by the network structure form circular structures in contact with each other at the circumference, which are interconnected in the direction approximately perpendicular to the section plane by further strut elements. Or the strut elements form, for example, in a sectional plane through the network structure honeycomb-shaped structures which are networked together in the direction approximately perpendicular to the section plane by other strut elements.

However, the network structure can also be structured as largely irregular, with strut elements extending irregularly in virtually random distribution in all possible directions Raurichtungen so that from the outside acting shocks are also derived here radially inward again largely in all possible directions and not as in a flat continuous shell vector-like in one direction to be passed radially inward, which would lead to a punctual load in a narrow region of the inner shell. Therefore, the network structure according to the invention is well suited to compensate for point loads acting on the outside, without the helmet structure requiring an inner shell of a resiliently elastic material.

According to an alternative variant, the network structure may also include, for example, wave-shaped resilient strut elements. However, unlike in the prior art, these strut elements are not springy in that the material gives way elastically and springs in axially like a foam, but a harder plastic can be used and said spring effect results only in that the strut elements are comparatively thin and may deform due to the waveform, similar to, for example, a steel spiral spring in which the material itself is not compressible.

According to a preferred development of the present invention, the network structure of strut elements has numerous branches, so that branch points form, at which preferably more than two strut elements oriented in different directions meet, in which case such branch points also referred to as nodes. Depending on the network structure, three or four strut elements in a sectional plane through the network structure can meet one another at such junctions, as well as further strut elements which run at an angle, in particular approximately perpendicular to this sectional plane. Thus, for example, a total of five or six strut elements can emanate from one node. However, the respective angles at the nodal points do not have to be regular, such as 120 ° or 90 ° angles, since the network as a whole may also have an irregular structure, but in the sum then statistically approximately a uniform distribution of the orientation of the strut elements can result in all spatial directions.

An exemplary preferred variant provides that on the outer contour tapered strut elements are aligned in their respective radially outer end portions respectively in the direction of a normal to the tangent to the space curved surface in the outer contour in the end region of the respective strut element. This has the advantage that then initially the forces acting from the outside of the impact point about a strut element are introduced approximately radially inward into the network structure, to the next node, where then a distribution of forces on the outgoing therefrom strut elements in different directions, so it is prevented that a force emanating from the impact or impact on the outer contour is transmitted directly radially to the curvature of the outer contour inwards without change of direction to the inner contour. The latter would lead to an excessive punctiform load for the helmet wearer.

The strut elements of which the network structure is constructed in a protective helmet according to the invention, create a structure of struts and apertures, which is dimensioned usually much finer, compared with conventional structures in protective helmets, which may also have struts and openings in the form of vents. However, in conventional protective helmets, the struts usually have dimensions of widths of 1 cm or more, and perforations in the helmet shell serving as vents have diameters and lengths of several centimeters. There are also only a few perforations that serve ventilation purposes, but are not related to the mechanical strength of the helmet structure.

Compared with this, the network structure according to the invention is a continuous microstructure, ie the strut elements and apertures run through the entire three-dimensional helmet structure and the differentiation into outer calotte and inner calotte (padding) is omitted. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the strut elements each have a thickness or a diameter of about 1 mm to about 2 mm and / or the clearances between each two adjacent strut elements are each between about 2 mm and about 6 mm, preferably about 3 mm to about 5 mm.

Thus, according to the present invention, it is preferably a protective helmet which in its entirety has a unitary one-piece three-dimensional network structure of similar interconnected spaced strut elements and openings between these strut elements, comprising the outer contour, the inner contour and the entire region between outer contour and inner contour of the protective helmet ,

For the production of the protective helmets according to the invention are preferably suitable plastics such as polyamides, thermoplastic polyurethane polymers (TPU) ester-based or other plastics which are specifically suitable for use in laser sintering processes.

Due to the fact that the protective helmets according to the invention have a uniform continuous one-piece uniform three-dimensional network structure, processes are suitable which make it possible to produce the protective helmet virtually in a single operation. These are in particular methods as they are usually used in "rapid prototyping". However, as far as such prior art methods have been used to make prototype helmets, these prior art methods are not comparable to the present invention because they result in prototypes that are merely modeled, i. which served to illustrate a new design form of a protective helmet. However, such prototypes are in no way mechanically resilient, i. they are not usable in practice, as they meet the requirements for shock resistance of safety helmets in any way. These are pure visual models.

One possible method according to the invention for the production of a protective helmet proposes that stereolithography data or 3D CAD data are first created by the helmet structure, and a layer-wise construction of the helmet in a 3D printing method is carried out on the basis of these data.

An exemplary preferred 3D printing process is the laser-sintering process.

The features mentioned in the dependent claims relate to preferred developments of the task solution according to the invention. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• Figur 1 eine Ansicht eines beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Schutzhelms von vorn;
• Figur 2 eine Ansicht eines beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Schutzhelms von der Seite her gesehen;
• Figur 3 eine Ansicht eines beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Schutzhelms von unten her gesehen;
• Figur 4 eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht eines Detailausschnitts durch die dreidimensionale Netzwerkstruktur eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzhelms gemäß einer beispielhaften Variante der Erfindung;
• Figur 5 eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht eines Detailausschnitts durch die dreidimensionale Netzwerkstruktur eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzhelms gemäß einer anderen beispielhaften Variante der Erfindung ;
• Figur 6 eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht eines Detailausschnitts durch die dreidimensionale Netzwerkstruktur eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzhelms gemäß einer anderen beispielhaften Variante der Erfindung;
• Figur 7 eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht eines Detailausschnitts durch die dreidimensionale Netzwerkstruktur eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzhelms gemäß einer anderen beispielhaften Variante der Erfindung;
• Figur 8 eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht eines Detailausschnitts durch die dreidimensionale Netzwerkstruktur eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzhelms gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Variante der Erfindung;
• Figur 9 eine Längsschnittansicht durch einen Schutzhelm gemäß der beispielhaften Ausführungsvariante nach den Figuren 1 bis 3;
• Figur 10 eine Querschnittsansicht durch einen Schutzhelm gemäß der beispielhaften Ausführungsvariante nach den Figuren 1 bis 3;
• Figur 11 eine schematisch vereinfachte Längsschnittansicht durch einen Schutzhelm gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung, ähnlich der Ansicht gemäß Figur 9;
• Figur 12 eine schematisch vereinfachte Querschnittsansicht durch einen Schutzhelm gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung, ähnlich der Ansicht gemäß Figur 10.

Showing:

• FIG. 1 a view of an exemplary protective helmet according to the invention from the front;
• FIG. 2 a view of an exemplary protective helmet according to the invention seen from the side;
• FIG. 3 a view of an exemplary protective helmet according to the invention seen from below;
• FIG. 4 an enlarged sectional view of a detail through the three-dimensional network structure of a protective helmet according to the invention according to an exemplary variant of the invention;
• FIG. 5 an enlarged sectional view of a detail through the three-dimensional network structure of a protective helmet according to the invention according to another exemplary variant of the invention;
• FIG. 6 an enlarged sectional view of a detail through the three-dimensional network structure of a protective helmet according to the invention according to another exemplary variant of the invention;
• FIG. 7 an enlarged sectional view of a detail through the three-dimensional network structure of a protective helmet according to the invention according to another exemplary variant of the invention;
• FIG. 8 an enlarged sectional view of a detail through the three-dimensional network structure of a protective helmet according to the invention according to a further exemplary variant of the invention;
• FIG. 9 a longitudinal sectional view through a protective helmet according to the exemplary embodiment of the FIGS. 1 to 3 ;
• FIG. 10 a cross-sectional view through a protective helmet according to the exemplary embodiment of the FIGS. 1 to 3 ;
• FIG. 11 a schematically simplified longitudinal sectional view through a protective helmet according to an embodiment of the invention, similar to the view according to FIG. 9 ;
• FIG. 12 a schematically simplified cross-sectional view through a protective helmet according to an embodiment of the invention, similar to the view according to FIG. 10 ,

First, on the FIGS. 1 to 3 Referenced. The representation of FIG. 1 shows a view of an exemplary protective helmet according to the invention seen from the front. The corresponding side view is in FIG. 2 The view from below, looking inside the helmet, is in FIG. 3 shown. The exemplary embodiment shows a bicycle helmet, which is designated overall by the reference numeral 10. The protective helmet 10 according to the invention is characterized in that, unlike conventional protective helmets, instead of an outer shell and an inner shell made of different materials, it has a uniform network structure made up of numerous interconnected strut elements extending from the outer contour 11 through the material thickness of the protective helmet to the inner contour and both outer contour 11 and inner contour 12 and the intermediate region 20 includes (see FIG. 3 .) It is a network structure open from the inside to the outside with numerous openings between the strut elements, so that no additional ventilation openings are necessary for ventilation. Air can enter through outwardly open openings in the outer contour 11 and on the inside of the network structure are also inwardly open openings, but the inside openings due to the in the present example, at least partially irregular structure of the network usually not in geometric Simply shaped channels run from the inside out, but there is a complex cavity system in the network structure. Better is this network structure in the enlarged sectional views according to the FIGS. 9 and 10 recognizable, to which reference is made below.

FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section through a protective helmet 10 in the FIGS. 1 to 3 The type shown by numerous openings 19 between the strut elements to the outside, it can be seen, the outer contour with the reference numeral 11 is named. In the region 20 between this outer contour 11 and the inner contour 12, ie in the direction of the depth of the network structure or in the radial direction is a regular truss-like arrangement of strut elements 17, similar to the variant according to FIG FIG. 7 each approximately at right angles to each other and extend in the three spatial directions, ie in the X direction, Y direction and Z direction. This results in a comparatively regular network structure with nodes 16 where six strut elements 17 each (see also FIG FIG. 7 ) meet each other, wherein in each case four strut elements emanate from the nodes 16 in the plane of the drawing and in each case two strut elements run perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

On the other hand, in the variant according to the FIGS. 9 and 10 in the curved plane of the inner contour 12 an irregular network structure exists, the numerous strut elements 21 extend irregularly in different directions and form approximately triangular structures with triangular openings 19 between the strut elements 21. Here, starting from the nodes 22 starting in the plane of the inner contour 12 each partially six strut elements 21, but in some cases only five strut elements 21. Also, the strut elements 21, each forming the sides of triangles are sometimes not rectilinear but in slightly curved lines, whereby the irregularities arise. Viewed as a whole, however, these strut elements 21 extend in the curved plane of the inner contour 12 from the nodes 22 in all directions. Starting from this curved plane of the inner contour 12 then extend in about this curved plane approximately perpendicular angles (ie approximately radially relative to the depth of the network structure of the inner contour 12 to the outside of the outer contour 11) and also at different acute angles to this curved plane outward in the depth direction of the network structure to the outside plane. This results from the fact that in the intermediate region 20 between the inner contour 12 and the outer contour 11 a regular truss-like structure of mutually approximately perpendicular strut elements 17 is present, the inner contour 12 but forms a curved plane, so that the angle between the strut elements 17 of the intermediate portion 20 and the curved plane of the inner contour 12 always changes. There are thus from the inner contour approximately tangentially outgoing strut elements 17 present, from this acute angle in shallower and steeper angles outgoing Stebenelemente 17 and also such strut elements 17, starting from the curved plane of the inner contour 12 to this at an approximately right angle, ie in the direction the normal, run. This structure of the network structure results in a distribution of the forces acting on the protective helmet 10 locally from the outside on the impact or shock acting forces in all directions within the Network structure with the strut elements, so that the impact force does not interact punctually on the head of the helmet wearer.

In FIG. 9 In each case, small sections of the network structure in the curved plane of the inner contour 12 and in the intermediate area 20 between inner contour 11 and outer contour 12 were shown separately again for better understanding. FIG. 10 shows the cross section through the protective helmet 10 and also here you can see the structure with irregular triangles forming strut elements 21 in the curved plane of the inner contour 12 on the one hand and truss-like, regularly approximately perpendicular to each other extending strut elements 17 in the intermediate region.

In the FIGS. 11 and 12 are each sectional views of a longitudinal section and a cross section through a protective helmet according to an embodiment of the invention again shown in a schematically simplified form. These schematic representations are clearer and therefore illustrate the structure of the network structure of the helmet in a more understandable form. In each case, the structure of the network in the intermediate region 20 can be seen, and the structure with the strut elements 21 in the region of the curved plane of the inner contour 12 is again shown separately for only a small partial section of the inner contour.

Below is on the FIG. 4 Reference is made and with reference to this a further possible exemplary variant for a possible construction of a three-dimensional network structure of a protective helmet according to the invention is explained in more detail. The representation according to FIG. 4 shows a section through a partial section of a protective helmet in the longitudinal direction. One recognizes the curved outer contour 11 and the likewise curved inner contour 12 of the protective helmet, the latter extending at a distance corresponding to the material thickness of the network structure to the outer contour and thereby may also have a deviating from the outer contour radius of curvature. Between outer contour 11 and inner contour 12, the strut elements of the network structure in this example in the sectional plane circular structures 13 a, 13 b, each adjacent circular structures 13 a, 13 b each contact each point on its circumference. In this way, with the closest arrangement of such circular structures with uniform diameters in the sectional plane, a single circular structure 13 of a total of six further circular structures may be adjacent. How to get in FIG. 4 The circular structures can also be partly cut, for example if, as here, they are dimensioned such that the distance from the outer contour 11 to the inner contour 12 in the radial direction does not amount to a whole multiple of the diameter of a single circular structure 13 results. There may be several rows of complete circular structures 13 a, 13 b in a sectional plane, as the embodiment shows.
It can also be provided spherical structures that are in FIG. 4 in the sectional plane approximately centrally and thus are circular cut or it is alternatively circular strut elements 13 a, 13 b, which are connected to each other perpendicular to the cutting plane by further struts.

FIG. 5 shows a further alternative variant, wherein also here only a small segmental detail of the three-dimensional network structure is shown in longitudinal section. Here, the strut elements in the sectional plane about hexagonal structures 14 a, 14 b between the outer contour 11 and the inner contour 12. In this case, for example, slightly radially inner side hexagonal structures 14 a provided and radially outwardly slightly larger hexagonal structures 14 b. Furthermore, in the spaces between a plurality of adjacent hexagonal structures 14 a, 14 b may be approximately diamond-shaped structures 15 are present. In such a network structure arise on the one hand first node 16 a, of which go out in the sectional plane four strut elements in different directions and second nodes 16 b, of which only three strut elements emanate in three directions in the sectional plane, the angle to each other, for example, about 120th Take °. Perpendicular to the in FIG. 5 shown cutting plane (or in other angles) are usually on both sides out further strut elements, which are not recognizable here, for example, starting from the nodes 16 a, 16 b, so that in total from a node three-dimensionally considered five or six Aspire elements go out.

FIG. 6 shows a further alternative variant, wherein also here only a small segmental detail of the three-dimensional network structure is shown in longitudinal section. Here, the strut elements in the sectional plane in each case approximately hexagonal structures 14 a, 14 b between the outer contour 11 and the inner contour 12, which are each largely substantially uniform in size. Overall, this results in the average honeycomb structure. With such a network structure, node points 16 b result, of which three strut elements emanate in three directions, which assume, for example, angles of approximately 120 ° with each other. Perpendicular to the in FIG. 6 shown cutting plane (or at other angles) usually go to both sides of further strut elements, which are not recognizable here, for example, each starting from the nodes 16 b, so that a total of five considered strut elements from a node point.

FIG. 7 shows a further alternative variant, wherein also here only a small segmental detail of the three-dimensional network structure is shown in longitudinal section. Here, the strut elements in the sectional plane approximately rectangular structures 17 a, 17 b between the outer contour 11 and the inner contour 12. Here are the rectangular structures 17 a, 17 b in each case constant in size, so that there is a regular truss-like structure, meet in the strut elements in the nodes in each case at approximately right angles to each other. However, this regular structure is only to be understood as an example. The lengths of the strut elements do not have to be the same in each case and also the angles at the nodes 16 a can deviate from the right angle. In such a network structure, nodes 16 a, of which in the sectional plane in each case four strut elements emanate in four different directions, these strut elements in each case occupy each other, for example, angle of about 90 °. Preferably perpendicular to the in FIG. 7 shown cutting plane (or in other angles) are usually on both sides towards further strut elements, which are not recognizable here, for example, respectively starting from the nodes 16 a, so that a total of six from a node considered six strut elements.

FIG. 8 shows a further alternative variant, wherein also here only a small segmental detail of the three-dimensional network structure is shown in longitudinal section. Here, the strut elements in the cutting plane approximately wave-shaped structures 18 a, 18 b, which extend between the outer contour 11 and the inner contour 12 each in approximately radial directions. These wave-shaped strut elements 18 a, 18 b may extend approximately parallel and at a distance from each other from the inner contour 11 to the outer contour. If a shock or shock hits punctually at a point on the outer contour 11, from which a wave-shaped strut element 18 a, 18 b goes out, then this leads to an introduction of force in the wavy strut element and a slight deformation of extending in the region along the outer contour Struts element can lead to deformation of a wavy strut element. The latter is preferably made of a rigid per se rigid plastic, but by the waveform, the wave-shaped strut element can deform slightly in the radial direction, so that this leads to a damping of the impact on the outer contour 11 shock or shock which thereby only with reduced intensity at the Inner contour 12 is passed to the head of the helmet wearer.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

helmet

11

outer contour

12

inner contour

13 a, b

circular or spherical strut elements

14 a, b

hexagonal strut elements

15

diamond-shaped strut element

16 a, b

hubs

17 a, b

Strut elements in rectangular structures

18 a, b

wave-shaped strut elements

19

perforations

20

Area between outer contour and inner contour

21

Strut elements irregular

22

hubs

Claims (14)

Protective helmet comprising an outer contour (11) curved in space and an inner contour (12) also curved in space, and web-like elements (13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21) extending between the outer contour and the inner contour, reinforcing the protective helmet, consisting of a plurality of strut elements (17, 21), which are oriented in different spatial directions and are interconnected via nodal points (16, 22), between the outer contour (11) and the inner contour (12), which has a three-dimensional network structure with respective openings (19) between the strut elements (17 , 21), characterized in that both the outer contour and the inner contour itself and the entire space (20) between the outer contour (11) and the inner contour (12) of said three-dimensional network structure with respective openings (19) between said Struts elements (17, 21) exist. Protective helmet according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer contour (11) and / or the inner contour (12) in space curved surfaces, each with numerous openings (19), wherein these surfaces are spanned by the strut elements (21). Protective helmet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the strut elements (17) form a truss-like structure with a first number aligned in the X direction strut elements, a second number aligned in the Y direction, to the first strut elements in approximately perpendicular and with these connected strut elements and a third number aligned in the Z direction, to the first and the second strut elements in each case approximately perpendicular and with these respectively connected strut elements. Protective helmet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the strut elements seen in a sectional plane through the network structure honeycomb structures (14 a, 14 b, 15) which are interconnected in the direction approximately perpendicular to the section plane by other strut elements. Protective helmet according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the strut elements seen in a sectional plane through the network structure form circular at the peripheries touching structures (13 a, 13 b), which interconnected in the direction approximately perpendicular to the section plane by further strut elements are. Protective helmet according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the network structure comprises wave-shaped resilient strut elements (18a, 18b). Protective helmet according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on the outer contour tapered strut elements (17) at least partially in their respective radially outer end regions respectively in the direction of a normal to the tangent to the curved surface in space of the outer contour (11) in the end of the respective strut element are aligned. Protective helmet according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the strut elements (13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21) each have a thickness or a diameter of about 1 mm to about 2 mm and / or the clearances between each two adjacent strut elements are each between about 2 mm and about 6 mm, preferably about 3 mm to about 5 mm. Protective helmet according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that this material is homogeneous and consists entirely of only one same plastic. Protective helmet according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one intermediate region (20) of the protective helmet between the outer contour (11) and inner contour (12) is an integral three-dimensional network structure of similar interconnected spaced strut elements (17) and openings (19) between Having these Stebenelementen and / or in the curved surface of the outer contour (11) or the curved surface of the inner contour (12) a network structure of strut elements (21) is provided which differs from that in the outer contour (11) or the inner contour (12) , Protective helmet according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it consists of a polyamide, a thermoplastic polyurethane polymer (TPU) or other specifically suitable for laser sintering plastic. Method for producing a protective helmet according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that first of the helmet structure Stereolithografiedaten be prepared and based on these data, a layered structure of the helmet in a 3D printing process. A method for producing a protective helmet according to claim 12, characterized in that the 3D printing method is a laser sintering method. Method for producing a protective helmet according to one of claims 12 or 13 or a protective helmet having the features of at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the individual head shape of a person for whom the protective helmet is intended is measured and / or digitized, and on the basis of this data, a helmet adapted to this head shape is produced.

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