EP3099650A1 - Polymère super absorbant modifié renfermant un engrais - Google Patents
Polymère super absorbant modifié renfermant un engraisInfo
- Publication number
- EP3099650A1 EP3099650A1 EP15705350.5A EP15705350A EP3099650A1 EP 3099650 A1 EP3099650 A1 EP 3099650A1 EP 15705350 A EP15705350 A EP 15705350A EP 3099650 A1 EP3099650 A1 EP 3099650A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sap
- modified
- fertilizer
- urea
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 229920000247 superabsorbent polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002683 Glycosaminoglycan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 39
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
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- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 13
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- VAPQAGMSICPBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroacridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C3N=C21 VAPQAGMSICPBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- -1 ammonitrate Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)butoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCOCC1CO1 SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100476202 Caenorhabditis elegans mog-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002971 Heparan sulfate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KXCLCNHUUKTANI-RBIYJLQWSA-N keratan Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O)[C@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H]2O)COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]1O KXCLCNHUUKTANI-RBIYJLQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004583 superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000004415 tendinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZJHHPAUQMCHPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O.NC(N)=O ZJHHPAUQMCHPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002601 urease inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002348 vinylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/10—Cooling bags, e.g. ice-bags
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3206—Organic carriers, supports or substrates
- B01J20/3208—Polymeric carriers, supports or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3206—Organic carriers, supports or substrates
- B01J20/3208—Polymeric carriers, supports or substrates
- B01J20/321—Polymeric carriers, supports or substrates consisting of a polymer obtained by reactions involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
- C08J3/2053—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the additives only being premixed with a liquid phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/21—Urea; Derivatives thereof, e.g. biuret
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/20—Vinyl polymers
- C09K17/22—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/16—Materials undergoing chemical reactions when used
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
- A61F2007/0203—Cataplasms, poultices or compresses, characterised by their contents; Bags therefor
- A61F2007/0206—Cataplasms, poultices or compresses, characterised by their contents; Bags therefor containing organic solids or fibres
- A61F2007/0209—Synthetics, e.g. plastics
- A61F2007/0214—Polymers, e.g. water absorbing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08J2301/28—Alkyl ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
- C08J2333/26—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of superabsorbent polymers (hereinafter abbreviated "SAP”). More specifically, the present invention relates to a new SAP, so-called “modified SAP” and which is intended for agricultural applications, more particularly to the growth of plants by the amendment of soils (namely the fertilization of plants, as well as the retention of water).
- SAP superabsorbent polymers
- SAP means a polymer capable, in the dry state, of spontaneously absorbing at least ten times, preferably at least twenty times, even more preferentially at least fifty times. , and even more preferably at least one hundred times, its mass of liquid, in particular water and especially distilled water. The liquid thus absorbed is integrated into the matrix that the SAP presents.
- SAP is characterized by high water absorption capacities, from tens to thousands of times its dry mass.
- matrix is meant, in the context of the present invention, an array of at least one polymer, preferably a three-dimensional network which is obtained, for example, by:
- grafting on a support for example a ball, a particle or a granule; grafting on a support (for example a ball, a particle or a granule) and followed by crosslinking.
- SAPs in multiple and varied fields such as hygiene products, agricultural water retenters, for crop supports, wastewater treatment, hydrocarbon drilling, or many other industrial uses such as the retention of accidental chemical feeds, as well as medical applications (for example for implants or appetite suppressants or compresses intended to provide cold on a part of the body of a being human or animal).
- Synthetic SAPs however, have the following disadvantages: - They are non-renewable and very little biodegradable. In this respect, for SAP agricultural applications, synthesis and / or release into the soil of constituent monomers of these SAPs is undesirable from an ecological point of view.
- liquid absorption properties eg, water
- their retention properties are limited and much of the absorbed water is restored rapidly during dehydration (or otherwise said of desiccation) of SAP.
- SAPs of natural origin are a more ecological solution that overcomes the biodegradability problem inherent to synthetic SAPs.
- water stress is understood to mean the stress on a plant placed in an environment such that the amount of water used and evapotranspired by the plant is greater than the quantity it absorbs. This stress is found during periods of drought, but also during the increase of the salinity of the environment or during cold periods.
- the SAPs known to date are not fully effective when used to improve the water properties of a soil through water retention and return the water during water stress.
- SAPs are used as one of the constituent elements of compresses configured to provide cold when they are brought into contact with a body part of a human being or of an animal
- they are generally synthetic and contained in a porous packaging. They are hydrated before use. By drying out, the evaporation of the water contained in the SAP cools the SAP.
- the cold generated remains weak and the effect of relieving pain or reducing the vascular or metabolic response is insignificant.
- These compresses including such SAP can sometimes be placed in the refrigerator or freezer prior to their use to accumulate more cold, which requires organization and specific equipment for the handling of these compresses.
- fertilizers are chemical substances that are generally classified into the following two categories: organic fertilizers which can be of natural origin (for example of animal or vegetable origin) or be synthetic (for example urea or urea derivatives);
- mineral fertilizers that can be synthetic or come from natural deposits.
- Fertilizers are used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and gardening to provide plants with nutrient supplements to enhance their growth and increase yield and quality of crops.
- Mineral and urea fertilizers are substances of synthesis or from the exploitation of natural deposits, composed of one or more following elements:
- N nitrogen
- P phosphorus
- K potassium
- S sulfur
- Mg magnesium
- trace elements such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), boron (B), zinc (Zn), chlorine (Cl), sodium (Na), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V) and silicon (Si).
- the fertilizers are generally in solid form (for example in the form of granules, in pearlured form, that is to say pearls, or salts) or in aqueous liquid solution.
- fertilizers are nitrogen fertilizers. These are fertilizers containing urea, as well as urea derivatives, nitric acid salts (mainly ammonitrate, more rarely potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate). ).
- the nitrogen source as a nutrient of nitrogen fertilizer is varied. It can be of urea origin, ammoniacal or nitric. Only the nitric (nitrate ion N0 3 ") is directly assimilated by plants. The ammonium form (NH 4 +) is nitrified and oxidized to nitrate and becomes assimilated. The urea must also undergo a preliminary hydrolysis, in particular by enzymes (urease) present in soils to be in ammoniacal form and thus be assimilable by plants.
- enzymes urease
- the fertilizers are in an ionic form (nitrate N0 3 " , ammonium NH 4 + , sulfate S0 4 2 ⁇ , phosphate P0 4 3” , potassium K + , magnesium Mg 2+ , calcium Ca 2+ ) except for urea, which is soluble and is in its CH 4 N 2 0 form.
- Leaching is the transport of elements such as particles, solutes, ions that make up a soil, and this under the effect of the flow of seepage water. Leaching causes these elements from the upper layers of soil to the deeper layers. It can have a very negative impact on the quality of groundwater and streams.
- nitrate leaching is the main source of eutrophication in aquatic environments and pollution of groundwater and surface water. In addition, it also induces the depletion of certain nutrients such as nitrates, Ca 2+ and K + ions for vegetation and crops. In the agricultural field, therefore, this loss of nutrients caused by soil leaching is adequately taken into account by compensating for this by an adequate supply of fertilizer, the constituent elements of which are themselves subject to leaching.
- fertilizers especially nitrogenous fertilizers
- nitrogenous fertilizers are not fully satisfactory because they are subject to leaching and volatilization; which reduces their effectiveness and requires the use of a larger quantity to meet the needs of plants.
- the present invention proposes to remedy these plant growth difficulties inherent to the problems of the performance of SAPs when they are used as a retainer and water restitution means for overcoming plant water stress and the known drawbacks thereof. day of leaching and volatilization of fertilizers.
- the inventors have quite surprisingly developed a completely innovative modified SAP that is intended to be used in agricultural applications that consist in improving plant growth. More precisely, according to its composition, the SAP modified according to the invention will improve the growth of the plants according to the following two agricultural applications: either by acting as a retainer and a means of restitution of water, in a manner spread over time, to plants in the case of water stress;
- the present invention firstly relates to a modified SAP comprising an SAP matrix in which at least one fertilizer in the form of crystals is integrated, said SAP matrix and the fertilizer being interpenetrated.
- Another object of the present invention is a modified SAP which is obtainable by a manufacturing method which comprises the following steps:
- a mixture is prepared comprising at least one fertilizer solution and at least one SAP;
- step b) the fertilizer contained in the mixture obtained at the end of step b) is crystallized
- step d) a step of forming the modified SAP recovered in step d) is carried out.
- a modified SAP according to the present invention is thus obtained in the mixture.
- this SAP that can be obtained by the manufacturing steps as detailed above includes in its polymer matrix fertilizer crystals.
- the SAP matrix and the fertilizer are interpenetrated to form a modified SAP according to the present invention.
- the modified SAP recovered at the end of step d) has the essential characteristics that the fertilizer is in the form of crystals and that the SAP matrix and the fertilizer are interpenetrated.
- This interpenetration of the SAP matrix and the fertilizer was achieved through the process steps as described above, ie, dilation (or, in other words, swelling of the SAP by the fertilizer solution followed by crystallization).
- This absorption of the fertilizer solution, followed by crystallization results in the creation of crystals throughout the SAP matrix that keep the SAP matrix inflated (or otherwise dilated) and create porosity through SAP; which allows to maintain a fast hydration and an excellent solubility of the fertilizer.
- the manufacturing method as detailed above comprises a step e) of forming the modified SAP obtained after step c) and recovered in step d). It can be a granulation (for example by atomization or implementation on a fluidized air bed), a film coating, a coating or any other method of solid shaping of the modified SAP.
- the SAP modified according to the present invention is in a form perfectly suitable for use in the two agricultural applications mentioned above.
- the SAP modified according to the invention when designed for use in the application of plant fertilization has the following advantages:
- the nitrogen losses caused by the volatilization phenomenon of ammonia are also reduced, thanks to the maintenance of the humidity of the SAP modified according to the invention.
- this reduction in volatilization can be amplified if the soil is suitably buried in the soil, for example by micro-localization, at an adjusted depth of the SAP modified according to the invention instead of depositing it on the surface, as this is usually done with the fertilizers usually used.
- the deposition in the soil of the SAP modified according to the invention will occur mainly at the time of sowing (just before or simultaneously), but also, it may be envisaged to carry it out during cultivation or to anticipate it during soil preparation.
- the SAP modified according to the invention when it is designed to be used for the application of retention and means of restitution of water, has the following advantages:
- the deposition of the modified SAP in the soil can be carried out in a micro-localized way and integrate perfectly with the simplified cultivation techniques that are the techniques without plowing, the work located on the row only and which are known to disturb at the minimum the properties soil physics. Thanks to the deposition in the soil of the SAP modified according to the invention, the soil's water properties are improved, especially the retention of water.
- the SAP modified according to the invention has water retention properties that are better than those of the SAPs known from the state of the art, but Moreover, it has the advantage of being able to optimize the return of water to the plants, for example in the event of water stress, namely as a function of pressures that can be exerted on the modified SAP.
- the SAP modified according to the invention is able to capture the water during rainy periods, but also to restore (or in other words redistribute) in the soil when the water stress is such that it puts the growth of crops at risk.
- the useful reserve of a soil is generally estimated as the quantity of water between a suction of 0.3 bar (at lower pressures, the soils are almost saturated with water, so the release of water by a water retainer would be of no interest to the plants) and 15 bar (permanent wilting point or suction limit, pressure beyond which the plant is no longer able to collect water of the ground). These "limit" pressures may vary slightly depending on the plant species.
- the SAP that is used in step a) of the manufacturing process can be selected from both synthetic SAPs and naturally occurring SAPs.
- the SAP according to the present invention is biodegradable and less toxic, one will choose a SAP of natural origin.
- the level of crosslinking of the SAP used in step a) is between 5 and 50% by weight, preferably between 10 and 25% by weight, more preferably between 12 and 20% by weight.
- the degree of crosslinking is the ratio between the dry weight of the crosslinking agent that SAP comprises and the total dry mass of the SAP polymer and its crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking makes it possible to obtain a solid three-dimensional matrix. Thus, this prevents the polymer matrix from disintegrating during the absorption of the fertilizer solution during step b) of swelling of the SAP of the manufacturing process, while exhibiting a "porous" structure particularly suitable for absorbing said fertilizer solution. Crosslinking also allows greater in situ remanence of SAP.
- the SAP of step a) is chosen so that its elastic modulus is between 500 Pa and 8000 Pa, preferably between 1000 Pa and 5000 Pa, said elastic modulus being measured by deformation scanning using of a rheometer when the SAP was swollen with a phosphate buffer (osmolarity: 300mOsm / kg +/- 10%) with a final concentration of SAP in the 5% buffer solution.
- a phosphate buffer osmolarity: 300mOsm / kg +/- 10%
- the SAP is a naturally occurring SAP, it may have been obtained from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, advantageously from cellulose derivatives, alginate, and glycosaminoglycans (the acid hyaluronic acid and its salts, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparin / heparan sulfate).
- polysaccharides advantageously from cellulose derivatives, alginate, and glycosaminoglycans (the acid hyaluronic acid and its salts, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparin / heparan sulfate).
- the SAP can be chosen from:
- ⁇ -glucans such as starch, amylose and amylopectin
- ⁇ -glucans such as cellulose derivatives, galactomannans such as guarane, glucomannans such as xanthan gum, fructans, (arabino) xylanes, galactans, and their derivatives such as carboxymethyl, alkyl, hydroxy ethyl and hydroxypropyl.
- the polysaccharide has a molecular mass greater than 25,000 Da.
- the polysaccharide is a carboxy-alkylated polysaccharide, preferably carboxymethylated or carboxyethylated.
- carboxy-alkylated polysaccharides may include ester moieties derived from cyclic anhydrides such as succinic and maleic anhydride, and maleic ester half adducts to which sulfites have been added.
- the degree of carboxyalkylation is preferably between 0 and 1.5, in particular between 0.1 and 1.0 per monosaccharide unit.
- the SAP is a synthetic SAP, it may have been obtained from at least one compound chosen from the polymers resulting from the polymerization with partial crosslinking of water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomers, and preferably from the group consisting of:
- acrylic polymers methacrylic polymers (derived especially from the polymerization of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid and / or acrylate and / or methacrylate monomers), vinylic polymers, in particular crosslinked and neutralized poly (meth) acrylates, in particular in the form of gel, as well as the salts of these polymers, in particular the alkaline salts such as the sodium or potassium salts of these polymers;
- polyacrylamides and in particular in gel form, and their salts (for example the sodium or potassium salts of these polymers);
- acrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers and especially their salts, for example sodium or potassium salts;
- the SAP used in step a) of the manufacturing process may be a polymer chosen from:
- crosslinked sodium or potassium polyacrylates sold under the names SALSORB CL 10, SALSORB CL 20, FSA type 101, FSA type 102 (Allied Colloids); ARASORB S-310 (Arakawa Chemical); ASAP 2000, Aridall 1460 (Chemdal); KI-GEL 201-K (Siber Hegner); AQUALIC CA W3, AQUALIC CA W7, AQUALIC CA W10; (Nippon Shokuba); AQUA KEEP D 50, AQUA KEEP D 60, AQUA 30 KEEP D 65, AQUA KEEP S 30, AQUA KEEP S 35, AQUA KEEP S 45, AQUA KEEP Al M, AQUA KEEP Al M3, AQUA KEEP HP 200, NORSOCRYL S 35 NORSOCRYL FX 007 (Arkema); AQUA KEEP 10SH-NF, AQUA KEEP J-550 (Kobo); LUQUASORB CF, LUQUASORB MA 1110,
- AQUASORB 3005 (SN F Floerger), STOCKOSORB 500, STOCKOSORB 660 (Evonik I ndustries), FERTISORB (Fertil), TERRA-SORB (Plant Health Care I nc.).
- the SAP used in step a) of the manufacturing process may be composed of natural polymers and / or synthetic polymers grafted or crosslinked. This can be for example SAP ZEBA (Absorbent Technology I nc.) Based on polyacrylonitrile grafted on starch.
- SAP ZEBA Absorbent Technology I nc.
- the SAP that is used in step a) of the manufacturing process is obtained as follows:
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- the mixture is homogenized, preferably at a temperature between 15 ° C and 50 ° C, and preferably for a period of between about 30 minutes and about 5 hours.
- This polymer of natural origin is crosslinked with a crosslinking agent, for example 1,4-butanediol diglycidylether (hereinafter abbreviated "BDDE").
- BDDE 1,4-butanediol diglycidylether
- the degree of crosslinking can be between 5% and 50% by weight, preferably between 10% and 20%.
- the crosslinking is preferably carried out in a Marie bath, at a temperature between 25 ° C and 50 ° C, and this during a time of between about one hour and 30 minutes and about four hours.
- the crosslinking reaction medium is neutralized by adding an acidic solution.
- the crosslinking reaction medium is dried until the mass concentration of the crosslinked polymer in said reaction medium is between 20% and 65%, preferably between 30% and 40%.
- the drying can be carried out in an oven (for example at a temperature of between 45 ° C. and 50 ° C.), a desiccator or by lyophilization.
- the crosslinked polymer is shaped, for example by fractionation or on a fluidized air bed.
- Final drying is performed under the conditions as detailed above, until the mass concentration of the crosslinked polymer is at least 90%. This drying step may possibly be carried out before or during the shaping step of the crosslinked polymer.
- the crosslinking of the polymer, for example CMC, by covalent bonds allows the maintenance of "super-absorbent" properties over time of said polymer.
- the SAP used in step a) of the manufacturing process comprises hydroxyl groups, and preferably groups having an ionic character such as, for example, carboxyl groups, as well as sulphates and sulphonates.
- the polymer for example CMC
- CMC CMC
- the polymer has a microporous three-dimensional matrix which is particularly suitable for capturing the fertilizer solution.
- the SAP is advantageously in the form of granules, preferably dry or partially hydrated granules.
- the fertilizer is selected from mineral fertilizers and organic fertilizers.
- the fertilizer is chosen from fertilizers with a high nitrogen content.
- a composition comprising urea in which the mass concentration of nitrogen may be up to about 46%; a composition comprising ammonitrate in which the mass concentration of nitrogen can be up to about 33.5%;
- composition comprising diammonium phosphate in which the mass concentration of nitrogen can be up to about 18%;
- a nitrogen solution comprising a mixture of urea and ammonium nitrate and in which the mass concentration of nitrogen can be up to approximately 30%.
- a fertilizer which comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of urea, urea derivatives, nitric acid salts such as ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate, optionally with sulfur (eg sulphates), and ammonium chloride.
- urea urea derivatives
- nitric acid salts such as ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate, optionally with sulfur (eg sulphates), and ammonium chloride.
- the fertilizer is urea or a derivative of urea.
- the fertilizer does not include a compound that has groups having an ionic character in solution and that would be likely to interfere with the liquid absorption properties of the SAP.
- the fertilizer solution used in step a) of the manufacturing process can be prepared by dissolving at least partially at least one fertilizer as detailed above in a solvent.
- the solvent is water or a mixture of water and alcohol (that is, an alcoholic solution).
- alcoholic solution examples are a mixture of water and ethanol at a ratio by volume of 90/10 or 75/25.
- the mass concentration of fertilizer in the fertilizer solution is between 50% and 100% of fertilizer, more preferably between 80% and 100%. These mass concentrations are expressed as mass of fertilizer divided by the mass of solvent and fertilizer.
- the peripheral crystallization of the fertilizer should be as small as possible, so that in the application of fertilization of the plants, the SAP modified according to the invention can limit as much as possible the problem of leaching mentioned above and that in an application of retention and return of water, the modified SAP can restore water in a spread manner over time.
- the SAP modified according to the invention will be all the more efficient for the agricultural applications described above that a maximum of fertilizer will have crystallized within the SAP matrix and that the peripheral crystallization of the fertilizer will be the weakest possible.
- the fertilizer is completely dissolved in the fertilizer solution used in step a) of the manufacturing process.
- the dissolution of the fertilizer in a solvent such as water or in an alcoholic solution can be carried out at room temperature.
- the dissolution of the fertilizer can be promoted by subjecting the fertilizer solution to a temperature of from 30 ° C to 150 ° C.
- the fertilizer solution used in step a) of the manufacturing method according to the invention is a liquid solution of pure urea maintained at a temperature above the melting temperature of urea, preferably a temperature above 133 ° C. Indeed, the melting temperature of urea is approximately 133 ° C.
- the fertilizer solution used in step a) of the manufacturing process is an aqueous solution of urea whose mass concentration of urea is about 96% and which is obtained by dissolving urea at a temperature above 120 ° C.
- the small amount of water (about 4% by mass percentage) in the fertilizer solution makes it possible to avoid the formation of biuret (namely a compound obtained by condensation of two molecules of urea and the elimination of a ammonia molecule).
- the fertilizer solution has a slightly acidic pH (ie between 5 and 7, preferably between 6 and 6.5).
- This slight acidity of the fertilizer solution can be obtained by solubilizing the fertilizer in a suitable buffered solution.
- the fertilizer solution used in step a) of the manufacturing method according to the invention may further comprise buffers suitably selected to provide the fertilizer solution with a slight acidity. This has the advantage that if the fertilizer used in step a) is urea, it will volatilize less to ammonia.
- the concentration of fertilizer in the fertilizer solution is adapted according to the use of the modified SAP according to the invention.
- SAP modified according to the invention when intended for use for the fertilization of plants, it comprises in percentages by weight:
- the SAP modified according to the invention When the SAP modified according to the invention is intended for use in retaining water and returning it to plants in a manner spread over time, it comprises in percentages by weight:
- the SAP which is added to the fertilizer solution in step a) can be in dry form or be partially hydrated. SAPs with moisture content of less than 10% will be preferred, in order not to add too much additional water to the mixture of step a) which could increase the peripheral crystallization of fertilizer during step c) of crystallization.
- SAP absorbs the entire fertilizer solution, so that all the fertilizer used during step a) is used for the manufacturing the modified SAP according to the present invention - that is, there is no loss of fertilizer during the modified SAP manufacturing process.
- the SAP may contain more water and thus have a moisture content greater than 10% since it can absorb the entire fertilizer solution of the mixture of step a).
- the choices of the fertilizer solution and SAP are closely related. The optimization of these parameters is perfectly within the reach of the skilled person.
- the mixture is advantageously prepared by adding the SAP in the form of powder, pearls or granules in the fertilizer solution.
- the average particle size of the SAP may be chosen between 0.1 mm and 4 mm, depending on the swelling of the SAP desired in step b), and depending on the application and the technique of deposition in the soil of the SAP modified according to the invention which are envisaged.
- Agitation preferably mechanical stirring, can be carried out during step a) of the manufacturing process in order to disperse the SAP homogeneously in the fertilizer solution or in other words to improve the exchanges between the Fertilizer solution and SAP to promote a uniform penetration of the fertilizer solution in SAP.
- the swelling ratio obtained from the SAP is significantly lower than its maximum swelling capacity at saturation.
- its swelling rate corresponds to half of its absorption capacity, even more preferably less than a quarter of its absorption capacity.
- a swelling rate lower than the maximum swelling capacity of the SAP will limit the crystallization of the fertilizer at the periphery of the SAP matrix mentioned above.
- the mixture of fertilizer solution and SAP is heated during step b) to a temperature similar to the temperature of the setting.
- solution of the fertilizer that is to say for example between 30 ° C and 150 ° C.
- step b) is carried out at ambient temperature.
- the swelling of SAP is almost spontaneous.
- the swelling time of the SAP can vary between a few tens of seconds and a few tens of minutes. It depends on the SAP that has been added to the fertilizer solution and the temperature and concentration conditions of the fertilizer.
- step b) there is a radical change in state of the mixture.
- the mixture comprising the fertilizer solution and the SAP which was initially liquid is now in a solid form, composed of an agglomerate of SAP blocks containing in its matrix the fertilizer solution.
- These blocks are soft, translucent or opalescent because they contain the fertilizer solution.
- the SAP and the fertilizer solution are chosen in such a way that, after step b) of swelling of the SAP, there is no longer any supernatant which would induce a peripheral crystallization of the fertilizer outside. of the polymer matrix.
- This optimization of step b) is within the abilities of those skilled in the art.
- step c) the fertilizer contained in the mixture obtained at the end of step b) is crystallized.
- step c) the fertilizer of the fertilizer solution that has been absorbed by the SAP during the swelling step b) will crystallize within the SAP matrix.
- the more the SAP has absorbed fertilizer solution (or in other words will have integrated the fertilizer solution in its matrix) the more the modified SAP recovered in step d) of the manufacturing process. will contain in its matrix of fertilizer.
- step c) can be carried out according to various techniques, namely:
- the crystallization of step c) is carried out by cooling by bringing the mixture obtained at the end of step b) to a temperature below the solubilization temperature of the fertilizer. This solubilization temperature depends on the fertilizer concentration dissolved in the fertilizer solution.
- step c) can be carried out at a temperature of between 0 ° C. and 100 ° C., and optionally carried out with stirring, preferably with mechanical stirring.
- the mechanical mixture makes it possible to avoid adhesion phenomena between the granules and makes it possible to expose the surface of each of these granules to appropriate conditions of crystallization.
- step c) the mixture obtained is dried after step b).
- the drying can be carried out by exposure to a flow of air at a temperature of between 30 ° C. and 70 ° C. or by drying in a desiccator or else by lyophilization.
- the crystallization step c) is carried out at room temperature.
- the solvent When the solvent is evaporated, the fertilizer concentration in the fertilizer solution integrated in the SAP matrix is increased, so that the crystallization conditions of the fertilizer are combined, thus causing the crystallization fertilizer, especially within the SAP matrix. Indeed, the solvent can be evaporated until the amount of fertilizer dissolved in the residual fertilizer solution is greater than the saturation concentration.
- the crystallization of the fertilizer in the mixture obtained at the end of step b), and therefore as explained above, particularly in the matrix of the SAP, is completed as soon as the SAP thus modified is in the form of hard granules.
- the modified SAP can be easily recovered in step d).
- Hard granules means granules which are crush-resistant and which are suitable for being deposited through a farm equipment distribution chain without creating agglomerates or clogging. Modified SAPs with a mass moisture content of less than 10% will be preferred.
- the choice of the most appropriate crystallization technique that is to say the determination of the conditions conducive to causing crystallization of the fertilizer in the mixture obtained at the end of step b), and this depending on the Fertilizer solution that has been used during step a) of the manufacturing process is within the abilities of those skilled in the art.
- the crystallization diagrams of fertilizer-solvent systems as a function of temperature and dissolved fertilizer concentration are well known and therefore within the reach of the skilled person. In this way, the skilled person can determine the optimum conditions of crystallization in the mixture obtained at the end of step b).
- the modified SAP recovered in step d) is shaped by a forming technique known to those skilled in the art, for example by coating, pelagration or granulation by atomization or on a fluidized air bed.
- additives may also be added to the granules, such as nitrification retarders or urease inhibitors, to further enhance the reduction of leaching and volatilization in the case of a modified SAP application for the fertilization of plants.
- the present invention also relates to the use of modified SAP according to the invention in two agricultural applications.
- the ERE agricultural application is to use the SAP modified according to the invention to retain water and return to the plants in case of water stress, said refund being spread out over time.
- the return of water by the modified SAP will be influenced by: the SAP matrix used in the mixture of step a) of the manufacturing process: its porosity, its degree of crosslinking, the nature of its monomers, its capacity of absorption, quantity and nature of its adjuvants. the fertilizer solution content used in step a) of the manufacturing process.
- the 2 nd agricultural application is to use the SAP modified according to the invention for fertilizing plants.
- the SAP modified according to the invention is advantageously buried in the soil, preferably in combination with the implementation of band culture techniques.
- the SAPs modified according to the invention which have been shaped into granules are dispersed on the surface of the soil by a superficial spreading, generally carried out with centrifugal spreaders. Then, the SAP granules are buried by superficial soil techniques using a scarification tool, a stubble cultivator or a chisel. The average depth of burial is of the order of 2 to 10 cm below the surface of the ground.
- the granules can only be deposited on the ground and not be buried as detailed above. In this case they will be partly conveyed into the soil by the infiltration of runoff water. This embodiment is unfavorable because it does not allow efficient use of water or nutrients contained in the granules by the plants.
- the SAP granules are buried in the soil, usually at the time of sowing.
- the SAP granules are advantageously contained in hoppers fixed on the drill, and are then distributed in a localized manner near or in the row of seedlings.
- the depth of burial in this case is quite similar to that obtained by a superficial spreading, but the localization makes it better controlled and more regular. This technique can also make it possible to deposit smaller amounts of modified SAP according to the invention.
- the localized burial of SAP modified according to the invention is advantageously implemented when combining techniques of deposition of said SAP and tillage by simplified techniques (ie without tillage and banding, only at the level of the row sowing).
- the band work equipment can be equipped with hoppers which distribute the SAP granules modified according to the invention in a localized manner close to the row of seedlings, preferably under the row of seedlings. Average depth of burial is 5 to 25 cm below the soil surface.
- These techniques are particularly favorable for so-called "root crops” for maize, beets, potatoes and sunflower.
- the combination of the technique of soil tillage in one of the two agricultural applications of SAP modified according to the invention is particularly favorable.
- the SAP modified according to the invention when it is used as a water retainer, in synergy with the soil structure in the inter-row, benefits from a better water dynamic that allows it to recharge in water.
- the soil structure in the inter-row tends to reduce the phenomenon of leaching and thus allows an even more optimized use of nutrients brought.
- modified SAP modified according to the invention When used as a water retainer, between 2 and 200 kg of modified SAP according to the invention per hectare are deposited, preferably between 5 and 80 kg of modified SAP according to the invention per hectare. more preferably 10 to 40 kg of modified SAP according to the invention per hectare.
- the SAP modified according to the invention When used as a water retainer, between 5 and 500 kg of modified SAP according to the invention per hectare are deposited, preferably between 10 and 250 kg of modified SAP according to the invention per hectare. .
- the subject of the present invention is also, in the medical field, the use of a modified SAP according to the invention as described above as constituent element of at least a part of a medical device which is configured to generate of cold on a part of the body of a human being or an animal in order to cure it and / or to relieve it.
- such a medical device can be used to treat and / or relieve external trauma to the body such as a sprain, tendinitis, a wound, a hematoma, a contusion, or during invasive medical procedures such as an injection, an infiltration or a surgical act.
- This medical device can be in various forms such as for example a patch, a compress or a pouch.
- This medical device has a size and flexibility adapted to the morphology of the body part of the human or animal to be treated and / or to relieve.
- This medical device is activated, namely it provides cold on the body part of the human being or animal on which it is brought into contact (or in other words on the part of the body of the human being or animal on which it was arranged), when the SAP modified according to the invention is hydrated.
- the SAP modified according to the invention is hydrated (or in other words when it comes into contact with a substance containing a liquid, preferably an aqueous solution such as water or hydrated natural salts, for example a sodium sulphate decahydrate)
- the fertilizer it contains dissolves according to an endothermic reaction that produces cold.
- a medical device as described above namely of which at least one of its elements is a modified SAP according to the invention, has the following advantages:
- the hypertonia and / or hyperosmolarity of the fertilizer which is dissolved and is then in the form of a solution which is absorbed in the SAP after the hydration of it allows the cleaning and the debridement of the part of the body of the human being or the animal to be treated and / or relieved.
- SAP modified according to the invention Because in SAP modified according to the invention, the SAP matrix and the fertilizer are interpenetrated, when the SAP modified according to the invention is hydrated, the fertilizer is solubilized in a perfectly homogeneous manner. Thus, the cold is generated and diffuses homogeneously within the SAP modified according to the invention to reach the body part of the human or animal being brought into contact with the medical device.
- the SAP modified according to the invention is hydrated with water.
- Different embodiments of the medical device that includes at least one modified SAP according to the invention can be envisaged. Two of these embodiments are described below.
- the medical device comprises a porous pouch in which a modified SAP according to the invention has been arranged.
- the pouch is made of a porous material which may be a nonwoven of hypoallergenic polypropylene.
- this medical device When it is desired to use this medical device and thus activate it, it is sufficient to put the pouch in contact with the body part of the human or animal to be treated and / or to be relieved. Then, pouring a liquid (for example water) on said pouch.
- the liquid will pass through the pores of the pouch and thus hydrate the SAP modified according to the invention; this will also have the effect of dissolving the fertilizer it contains and thus trigger an endothermic reaction that generates cold that will spread to the body part of the human being or animal targeted.
- the liquid that is poured onto the pouch can be stored in pods (for example containers such as vials or ampoules filled with liquid).
- kits comprising at least one such pouch and a pod can be provided to generate cold on a body part of a human being or an animal.
- the kit may comprise such a pouch and a pod (for example a container as described above) containing a substance which contains a liquid (for example a natural hydrated salt such as a sodium sulfate decahydrate) so that the contact of this substance with the pouch will hydrate the SAP modified according to the invention.
- a liquid for example a natural hydrated salt such as a sodium sulfate decahydrate
- the medical device comprises a pouch, preferably a porous pouch, which presents:
- At least one sealed compartment comprising a substance which contains a liquid (for example an aqueous solution such as water or a natural salt hydrated),
- said compartment is configured so that said liquid-containing substance hydrates the SAP modified according to the invention during the activation of this medical device, namely when it is desired to generate cold on a body part of a human or animal being .
- the sealed compartment may, for example, have at least one breakable or frangible wall which is configured so that said substance containing a liquid can hydrate the SAP modified according to the invention as soon as said wall has been broken.
- the substance that contains a liquid is an aqueous solution.
- the pouch is made of a porous material which may be a nonwoven of hypoallergenic polypropylene.
- This embodiment of the medical device has the advantage that the portion of the pouch that is in contact with the body part of the human or animal remains dry, since the condensation inevitably produced on the surface of this pouch when hydration of the modified SAP and thus the endothermic reaction is immediately absorbed by the SAP that comprises said modified SAP.
- this medical device configured to generate cold has the advantage over other equivalent medical devices known from the state of the art not to wet and / or contaminate the body part of the targeted human or animal body , because the modified SAP according to the invention it contains absorbs as and as the condensates produced during the endothermic reaction due to the dissolution of the fertilizer.
- the modified SAP when used in the medical field, preferably comprises a matrix of an SAP of natural origin. This has the advantage that modified SAP has biological compatibility.
- the fertilizer is advantageously selected from urea and ammonium salts (preferably ammonium nitrates or chlorates).
- the SAP modified according to the invention when used for a medical application as described above, it advantageously comprises, in percentages by weight:
- the medical device is sterile, and is advantageously disposable.
- FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the water retention properties as a function of time (in minutes) of the first SAP sample modified according to the invention (in the graph, "the first sample according to the invention ") with those of the first sample of an SAP to the state of the art (in the graph," the first comparative sample ").
- FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the water retention properties as a function of time (in minutes) of a 2 nd SAP sample modified according to the invention (in the graph, "2 nd sample of the invention” ) with those of a sample of a 2 nd SAP of the state of the art (on the graph: "2 nd comparative sample”).
- FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the water retention properties as a function of time (in minutes) of the first SAP sample of the state of the art (in the graph, "the first comparative sample” ) with those of the 2 nd sample of SAP from the state of the art (on the graph: “2 nd comparative sample”).
- Figure 4 is a graph comparing the water retention properties as a function of time (in minutes) of the first SAP sample modified according to the invention (in the graph, "the first invention sample) with those of the 2 nd SAP sample modified according to the invention (in the graph, "2 nd sample according to the invention”).
- Figure 5 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope of a portion of a urea bead.
- Figure 6 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope of a portion of a granule of a synthetic SAP.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope of a portion of a granule of a modified SAP according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope of a portion of a granule of a modified SAP according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a graph of the evolution of the temperature as a function of time of the content of beakers filled with water in which has been immersed either urea powder, either beaded urea, or a modified SAP according to the invention.
- Figure 5 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 300 times of a portion of a urea bead which is used as a fertilizer. In said photograph, there is an agglomerate of urea crystals 5.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 300 times of a portion of a granulate of a synthetic SAP 1. More precisely, said SAP is a crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide and acrylate. potassium which is in the unhydrated state. In the photograph of Figure 6, break lines 2 are visible. These rupture lines 2 of said SAP 1 appeared during the mechanical fragmentation by grinding which was performed to obtain the granules of SAP 1, a portion of which is visible in the photograph of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 300 times of a portion of a granulate of a modified SAP 3 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- This modified SAP 3 contains, in percentages by weight, 20% of synthetic SAP of crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide and of potassium acrylate and 80% of urea. It can be seen in the photograph of FIG. 7 that the urea crystals 5 are interpenetrated with the matrix 4 of said synthetic crosslinked copolymer SAP of acrylamide and potassium acrylate. The matrix 4 is visible because it has a lighter gray tone than the urea crystals 5.
- FIGS. 5 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 300 times of a portion of a granulate of a modified SAP 3 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- This modified SAP 3 contains, in percentages by weight, 20% of synthetic SAP of crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide and of potassium acrylate and 80% of ure
- FIG. 8 is a photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 300 times of a portion of a granule of a modified SAP 6 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- This modified SAP 6 contains, in percentages by weight, 10% of synthetic SAP of crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide and of potassium acrylate and 90% of urea.
- the urea crystals 5 are interpenetrated with the matrix 7 of said synthetic crosslinked copolymer SAP of acrylamide and potassium acrylate.
- This photograph of FIG. 8 is therefore very interesting because it exhibits the interpenetration of the urea crystals with the matrix 7 of the synthetic SAP of crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide and of potassium acrylate according to different points of view, namely in section (upper part of the photograph) and in three-dimensional form (lower part of said photograph).
- FIG. 6 which also represents a synthetic SAP but in which there is no urea which crystallized
- FIGS. 7 and 8 it is noted in the photographs of FIGS. 7 and 8 that the matrices 4.7 of the synthetic SAPs of cross-linked copolymer of acrylamide and potassium acrylate form a dilated network in which urea 5 has crystallized.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 thus demonstrate all the originality of the modified SAP 3,6 according to the invention with respect to an SAP which has not been subjected to the manufacturing process steps according to the invention which have been described. above.
- the first comparative sample consisting of a SAP based on potassium salt of copolymer of acrylamide / acrylic acid crosslinked with an average particle size of about 0.75mm and a weight moisture content of the order 5% (hereinafter abbreviated "PAM").
- PAM weight moisture content of the order 5%
- ⁇ 12g of urea was dissolved in 6cm 3 of water at a temperature of 80 ° C to obtain a fertilizer solution.
- ⁇ was neutralized and adjusted the concentration of CMC solution crosslinked to 5% by mass by adding hydrochloric acid and phosphate buffer CMC and matrix was allowed to swell until the obtaining a gel with a CMC concentration of 5% by weight.
- ⁇ was dried in a desiccator at a temperature of 45- 50 ° C to obtain a CMC concentration of 35% by mass. This resulted in an SAP. ⁇ was milled SAP thus obtained using a RAPID mill Type 150.21 - gate diameter: 5mm.
- ⁇ 12g of urea was dissolved in 6cm 3 of water at a temperature of 80 ° C to obtain a fertilizer solution.
- the four SAPs were allowed to swell until their hydrated weight was 20 times their weight in the dry state.
- the percentage of water mass drained from each of the SAPs was determined by comparing the initial mass of the SAP before desiccation with its measured mass.
- the graphs of FIGS. 1 to 4 each express the percentage of mass of water discharged from the tested SAP as a function of time.
- the initial percentage of water is 100%.
- the percentage of the mass of water decreases with time from the initial value of 100%, ie according to the mass of water evacuated over time. More precisely :
- the graph in Figure 1 shows the percentage of water discharged over time of the first SAP sample modified according to the invention and the first SAP sample of the state of the art.
- the graph of Figure 2 shows the percentage of water discharged over time of the 2 nd SAP sample modified according to the invention and the 2 nd SAP sample of the state of the art.
- the graph of figure 3 expresses the percentage of water discharged over time of the SAP ier sample of the prior art and of the 2 nd sample of SAP of the state of the art.
- the graph of Figure 4 shows the percentage of water discharged over time of the first SAP sample modified according to the invention with those of the 2 nd SAP sample modified according to the invention.
- the SAP modified according to the invention based on crosslinked CMC i.e. the 2 nd SAP sample modified according to the invention
- modified SAPs according to the invention have a fully optimized water retention capacity.
- the first sample according to the invention consisting of a SAP modified according to the invention comprising by weight 1% of PAM and 99% of urea which was obtained as follows:
- This mixture was maintained at a temperature of 80 ° C, with manual stirring, until complete integration of the fertilizer solution into the SAP which thus inflated. Small transparent blocks of SAP were obtained which absorbed all of the urea solution without visible supernatant.
- the blocks were cooled for 20 minutes to a temperature of 30 ° C while maintaining a slow stirring.
- Granules were removed from the surface by mechanical crushing of the urea crystals. About 4 g of friable urea crystals were thus detached from the surface and were not integrated into the modified SAP granule.
- This mixture was maintained at a temperature of 80 ° C, with manual stirring, until complete integration of the fertilizer solution into the SAP which thus inflated. Small transparent blocks of SAP were obtained which absorbed all of the urea solution without visible supernatant.
- the blocks were cooled for 20 minutes to a temperature of 30 ° C while maintaining a slow stirring.
- Granules were removed by mechanically crushing the urea crystals.
- th sample 3 consisting of a SAP modified according to the invention comprising 20 weight% of PAM and 80% of urea which was obtained as follows:
- ⁇ 12g of urea was dissolved in 6cm 3 of water at a temperature of 80 ° C to obtain a fertilizer solution.
- the blocks are cooled for 20 minutes to a temperature of 30 ° C while maintaining a slow stirring.
- Steps 2) to 5) were repeated for 2 additional cycles or until dry residues were no longer recovered on the cellulose filter.
- Steps 2) to 5) were repeated for 2 additional cycles.
- Table 1 shows the quantities of dried residues recovered depending on whether the assay was performed with urea or a SAP modified according to the invention (i.e., an SAP containing urea - 2 nd sample according to invention of this part II of the experimental part).
- Table 1 amount of dry residues recovered.
- For the first cycle is the amount of dried residues collected after step 5) performed for the time era.
- 2 nd cycle is meant the amount of dry residue recovered after step 5) carried out for the 2 nd time.
- 3 rd cycle is meant the amount of dry residue recovered after step 5) performed for the 3 rd time.
- the different cycles simulate the leaching phenomenon mentioned above and to which the fertilizers are subjected. Each cycle also simulates the addition of water and the activation of the endothermic dissolution reaction of the fertilizer. From Table 1, it is noted that the urea was rapidly dissolved and passed through almost all the cellulose filter. A small fraction of urea impregnated into the filter and crystallized on its surface.
- the SAP modified according to the invention was impregnated with water, inflated and absorbed all of the added water.
- a small fraction of the urea contained in the SAP modified according to the invention is impregnated in the cellulose filter and crystallized on the surface of the filter, as well as on the surface of the SAP granules modified according to the invention. This fraction was recovered in the form of fine flakes. Therefore, a column quantifying the fine flakes recovered was added in Table 1 above.
- the solubility of the fertilizer can be demonstrated by the endothermic reaction that occurs during its dissolution.
- urea for laboratory use (marketed by Sigma) in the form of a powder of fine particle size, ie less than 150 ⁇ ;
- urea for agricultural use (marketed by OCI-nitrogen) in the form of beads with a diameter of about 3 mm.
- Steps 1) to 3) were also carried out on these two control tests and thus carried out a temperature measurement of the contents of the two beakers into which were added either powdered urea or beaded urea.
- Table 2 details the results of the temperature measurements of the contents of the beakers in which was added either urea powder, or urea beads, or urea interpenetrated with the matrix of an SAP (to know a modified SAP according to the invention).
- FIG. 9 is a graph of the evolution of the temperature as a function of time of the content of these beakers filled with water in which either urea powder, pearl urea or an SAP has been immersed; modified according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1450729A FR3016878B1 (fr) | 2014-01-30 | 2014-01-30 | Polymere super absorbant modifie renfermant un engrais |
| PCT/FR2015/050221 WO2015114273A1 (fr) | 2014-01-30 | 2015-01-30 | Polymère super absorbant modifié renfermant un engrais |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3099650A1 true EP3099650A1 (fr) | 2016-12-07 |
Family
ID=50549121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15705350.5A Withdrawn EP3099650A1 (fr) | 2014-01-30 | 2015-01-30 | Polymère super absorbant modifié renfermant un engrais |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170008818A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3099650A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3016878B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015114273A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EA201591759A1 (ru) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-03-31 | Адама Мактешим Лтд. | Искусственная окружающая среда для эффективного потребления удобрений и других агрохимикатов в почве |
| US10865161B2 (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-12-15 | North University Of China | Water-absorbing and water-retaining multi-nutrient biodegradable polymeric slow/controlled release fertilizer having a semi-interpenetrating network structure |
| EP3447142A1 (fr) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-27 | Clayton Hall Farm Biogas Products Ltd. | Procédé amélioré d'hydrolyse de biomasse |
| WO2019162770A1 (fr) | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-29 | Upl Ltd | Compositions d'engrais |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998012154A1 (fr) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-03-26 | Envirolutions Inc. | Additif pour sols |
| WO1998049252A1 (fr) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-05 | Envirolutions Inc. | Gel de polyacrylate destine a etre utilise dans l'horticulture |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB622464A (en) * | 1946-02-14 | 1949-05-03 | George Edward Heyl | Retarding the solution of water soluble fertilizing salts |
| US4789391A (en) * | 1985-07-08 | 1988-12-06 | Reed Lignin Inc. | Controlled release formulation for fertilizers |
| WO2006034342A2 (fr) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-30 | Nft Industries, Llc | Engrais a liberation controlee contenant du sulfate de calcium et processus de fabrication correspondants |
| US7909867B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2011-03-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel corneal prosthesis |
| GB0716010D0 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2007-09-26 | Horticultural Developments Int | Water and nutrient delivery device |
| DE102007056264A1 (de) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-07-16 | Arpadis Deutschland Gmbh | Bodenverbesserungsmittel und seine Verwendung |
| DE102008032033A1 (de) * | 2008-07-07 | 2010-01-14 | E&W Greenland Gmbh | Materialverbund und Formkörper aus Polymermaterial und porösem Träger sowie deren Herstellung und Anwendung |
| US8968783B2 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2015-03-03 | Covidien Lp | Hydrogel implants with varying degrees of crosslinking |
| JP6113069B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2017-04-12 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 保水助剤ならびにそれを含む吸収材、吸収体及び吸収性物品 |
| EP2782556A4 (fr) * | 2011-11-23 | 2015-05-13 | Ptt Holding Aps | Procédé de production d'un dispositif d'administration |
| JP2013116947A (ja) * | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-13 | Takabishi Kagaku Kk | 冷却剤用粉体混合物および冷却剤 |
-
2014
- 2014-01-30 FR FR1450729A patent/FR3016878B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-01-30 WO PCT/FR2015/050221 patent/WO2015114273A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-01-30 EP EP15705350.5A patent/EP3099650A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-01-30 US US15/115,792 patent/US20170008818A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998012154A1 (fr) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-03-26 | Envirolutions Inc. | Additif pour sols |
| WO1998049252A1 (fr) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-05 | Envirolutions Inc. | Gel de polyacrylate destine a etre utilise dans l'horticulture |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2015114273A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3016878A1 (fr) | 2015-07-31 |
| WO2015114273A1 (fr) | 2015-08-06 |
| US20170008818A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
| FR3016878B1 (fr) | 2017-07-07 |
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