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EP3069091B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lufttrennung durch kryogene destillation - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lufttrennung durch kryogene destillation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3069091B1
EP3069091B1 EP14806034.6A EP14806034A EP3069091B1 EP 3069091 B1 EP3069091 B1 EP 3069091B1 EP 14806034 A EP14806034 A EP 14806034A EP 3069091 B1 EP3069091 B1 EP 3069091B1
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Prior art keywords
column
pressure
sent
purification unit
gas
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French (fr)
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EP3069091A2 (de
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Benoît DAVIDIAN
Richard Dubettier-Grenier
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04036—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04436—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04448—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system in a double column flowsheet with an intermediate pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04436—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04454—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system a main column system not otherwise provided, e.g. serially coupling of columns or more than three pressure levels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04963—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipment within or downstream of the fractionation unit(s)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/10—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a quadruple, or more, column or pressure system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/62—Purifying more than one feed stream in multiple adsorption vessels, e.g. for two feed streams at different pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for air separation by cryogenic distillation.
  • multi-trains In the context of a production unit with several air separation units in parallel (called “multi-trains"), the invention proposes to combine the use of a pressure diagram for at least one train, and a low pressure diagram for at least one train.
  • Necessary nitrogen can be produced first by the pressurized assembly, then by the low pressure assembly if the need is greater than the maximum production of the pressurized assembly.
  • the portion of impure nitrogen from the pressurized assembly will either be purified in the low pressure package, or purified and produced in the assembly under pressure using a fluid from the low pressure assembly.
  • Regeneration of the assembly under pressure can be made from a waste gas of a low pressure assembly
  • This arrangement makes it possible to produce the desired amount of nitrogen at the desired purity (preferably pure) and to benefit for oxygen production from a part of the energy gain by using pressure diagrams for part of the trains.
  • EP-A-2489968 describes a process according to the preambles of claims 1 or 8. According to the invention, at least one set of columns whose column operating at the lowest pressure operates at a pressure greater than 2 bar abs, called “together under pressure, will be used. ". This set will preferentially produce the nitrogen that is needed, in addition to a portion of the oxygen.
  • An assembly comprises at least one double column constituted by a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, the head of the medium pressure column being thermally connected with the vessel of the low pressure column by means of a reboiler-condenser.
  • An assembly may alternatively comprise at least one triple column constituted by three columns, a medium pressure column, an intermediate pressure column and a low pressure column, the head of the medium pressure column being thermally connected with the intermediate pressure column vessel by means of a reboiler-condenser, the head of the intermediate pressure column being thermally connected with the vessel of the low pressure column by means of a reboiler-condenser.
  • An assembly may alternatively comprise at least one triple column constituted by three columns, a medium pressure column, an intermediate pressure column and a low pressure column, the head of the medium pressure column being thermally connected with the intermediate pressure column vessel by means of a reboiler-condenser and with the vessel of the low pressure column by means of another reboiler-condenser.
  • the medium pressure column of the assembly under pressure preferably operates at a pressure greater than 7 bar abs.
  • the residual nitrogen of the pressure assembly (s) is purified using the low pressure assembly (s).
  • the apparatus comprises two sets of air separation columns 1, 2. Each set is disposed in a cold box 31, 31 'but the two sets could be in the same cold box.
  • there is at least one double separation column comprising a first column 3 operating at a first pressure called high pressure (HP) and a second column 5 operating at a second pressure lower than the high pressure thermally connected by means of at least one reboiler-condenser.
  • the first pressure (high pressure) is greater than 7 bar abs and / or the second pressure (low pressure) is greater than 2 bar abs.
  • the columns 3, 5 of the assembly 1 illustrated are thermally connected by a tank vaporizer of the second column 5 which condenses nitrogen from the top of the column 3.
  • Compressed air 9 in the compressor C is purified in the purification unit E and cooled in the exchange line 7.
  • the cooled air is sent at least to the first column 3 at least partly in gaseous form and separates in a known manner.
  • Oxygen gas 11 is withdrawn from the tank of the second column 5 and is heated in the exchange line 7.
  • Nitrogen gas 13 taken at the top of the second column 5 is heated in the exchange line 7
  • a nitrogen-enriched gas stream 17 is withdrawn at an intermediate level of the second column 5.
  • the diagram is simplified and does not show (all) the possible subcoolers, pumps, air boosters or turbines.
  • the assembly 2 there is at least one double separation column comprising a third column 3 'operating at a third pressure, called medium pressure (MP) lower than the high pressure and a fourth column 5' operating at a fourth pressure less than the third pressure ("medium pressure").
  • the third pressure is less than 6.5 bar abs.
  • the columns 3 ', 5' of the assembly 2 are thermally connected by a bottom evaporator of the column 5 'which condenses nitrogen coming from the top of the column 3'.
  • Air 9 'compressed in the compressor C is purified in the purification unit E' and cooled in the exchange line 7 '.
  • the cooled air is sent at least at least partly to gaseous column 3 'and separates therein in a known manner.
  • Oxygen gas 11 ' is withdrawn from the tank of the fourth column 5' and is heated in the exchange line 7 '.
  • Nitrogen gas 13 'taken at the top of the fourth column 5' is heated in the exchange line 7 '.
  • Residual nitrogen 19 is withdrawn at an intermediate level of the fourth column 5 '.
  • the waste gas nitrogen 17 of the assembly 1 from the second column 5 is sent to the upper part of the third column 3 'of the assembly 2 to be purified, benefiting from the excess of reflux in this part of the third column 3 '.
  • the purified nitrogen is withdrawn in gaseous form at the top of the third column 3 'of the assembly 2 (in addition to the nitrogen MP produced "Naturally" by this third column 3 '), then mixed with the top nitrogen of the second column 5 of the assembly 1 (to the exchange line 7) to not unbalance the cooling balance.
  • Part 29 of the waste 19 of the assembly 2 is used for the regeneration of the purification E of the assembly 1.
  • the remainder 19 'of the residual nitrogen 19 of the assembly 2 is used for the regeneration of the purification E 'of the assembly 2.
  • This variant requires having the second column 5 of the assembly 1 at a pressure substantially identical to that of the third column 3 'of the assembly 2.
  • the first column 3 of the assembly 1 operates at a first pressure greater than 7 bar abs and / or the second column 5 operates at a second pressure greater than 2 bar abs.
  • the third column 3 ' operates at a third pressure of less than 6.5 bar abs and / or the fourth column 5' operates at a fourth pressure of less than 2 bar abs.
  • Part of the reflux liquid 25 available at the top of the third column 3 'of the assembly 2 is sent, after optional expansion in a valve 35, at the head of the second column 5 of the assembly 1 to purify the waste gas.
  • the liquid 17 which has served to purify the residual nitrogen of the assembly 1 is returned to an intermediate level of the column 3 'of the assembly 2, possibly with the aid of a pump 33. liquids that can be easily pumped without too much energy penalty, this variant allows to decouple the pressure of the column 5 operating at lower pressure of the assembly 1 of the 3 'operating at the highest pressure of all 2.
  • the liquid 17 can be expanded and the liquid pumped.
  • the set 1 comprises a triple column and the set 2 a double column.
  • it would be the column of the set 1 operating at the lowest pressure which would be connected to the column of the assembly 2 operating at the highest pressure.
  • the set could include an argon column.
  • the set 2 could comprise an argon column connected to the 5 'column.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Verfahren zur Luftzerlegung durch kryogene Destillation in einer Vorrichtung, umfassend:
    i) eine erste Destillationskolonnen-Anordnung (1), die mindestens eine erste Kolonne (3) umfasst, die bei einem ersten, als Hochdruck bezeichneten Druck funktioniert, und eine zweite Kolonne (5), die bei einem zweiten Druck funktioniert, der niedriger ist als der erste Druck, wobei der Kopf der ersten Kolonne mittels eines Aufkocher-Kondensators, einer ersten Reinigungseinheit (E) und einer ersten Wärmetauscherlinie (7) thermisch mit dem Sumpf der zweiten Kolonne verbunden ist, und
    ii) eine zweite Destillationskolonnen-Anordnung (2), die mindestens eine dritte Kolonne (3') umfasst, die bei einem dritten Druck funktioniert, der niedriger ist als der erste Druck, und eine vierte Kolonne (5'), die bei einem vierten Druck funktioniert, der niedriger ist als der erste, der zweite und der dritte Druck, wobei der Kopf der dritten Kolonne mittels eines Aufkocher-Kondensators, einer zweiten Reinigungseinheit (E') und einer zweiten Wärmetauscherlinie (7') thermisch mit dem Sumpf der vierten Kolonne verbunden ist, wobei der ersten Reinigungseinheit komprimierte Luft zugeführt wird, gereinigte Luft aus der ersten Reinigungseinheit der ersten Tauscherlinie zugeführt wird, gekühlte Luft aus der ersten Tauscherlinie der ersten Kolonne zugeführt wird, der zweiten Reinigungseinheit komprimierte Luft zugeführt wird, gereinigte Luft aus der zweiten Reinigungseinheit der zweiten Tauscherlinie zugeführt wird, und gekühlte Luft aus der zweiten Tauscherlinie der dritten Kolonne zugeführt wird, die auf dem dritten Druck läuft,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - ein Kopffluid (15) aus der dritten Kolonne der zweiten Kolonne zugeführt wird, oder das Kopfgas aus der dritten Kolonne mit einem Kopfgas aus der zweiten Kolonne gemischt wird, und
    - ein Zwischenfluid (17) aus der zweiten Kolonne der dritten Kolonne zugeführt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der dritte Druck größer als, kleiner als oder gleich dem zweiten Druck ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei der dritte Druck gleich dem zweiten Druck ist, und das Kopffluid (17) aus der dritten Kolonne (3') der zweiten Kolonne (5) oder dem Kopfgas der zweiten Kolonne zugeführt wird, ohne es zu entspannen, und/oder das Zwischenfluid (17) aus der zweiten Kolonne der dritten Kolonne zugeführt wird, ohne es mit Druck zu beaufschlagen.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Dritte Druck größer ist als der zweite Druck, und das Kopffluid (17) aus der dritten Kolonne (3') der zweiten Kolonne (5) oder dem Kopfgas der zweiten Kolonne zugeführt wird, nachdem es entspannt wurde, und/oder das Zwischenfluid (17) aus der zweiten Kolonne der dritten Kolonne zugeführt wird, nachdem es mit Druck beaufschlagt wurde.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein, gegebenenfalls Zwischen-, Gas (19, 19', 29) aus der vierten Kolonne (5') zur ersten Reinigungseinheit (E) und zur zweiten Reinigungseinheit (E') hin zugeführt wird, um als Regenerationsgas zu dienen.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei kein Gas aus der zweiten Kolonne (5) als Regenerationsgas zur ersten Reinigungseinheit (E) hin zugeführt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein sauerstoffangereichertes Fluid (13) am Sumpf der zweiten Kolonne (5) abgezogen wird, und ein sauerstoffangereichertes Fluid (13') am Sumpf der vierten Kolonne (5') abgezogen wird.
  8. Luftzerlegungsvorrichtung, umfassend eine erste Luftzerlegungseinheit, welche umfasst
    i) eine erste Destillationskolonnen-Anordnung (1), die mindestens eine erste Kolonne (3) umfasst, die in der Lage ist, bei einem ersten, als Hochdruck bezeichneten Druck zu funktionieren, und eine zweite Kolonne (5), die in der Lage ist, bei einem zweiten Druck zu funktionieren, der niedriger ist als der erste Druck, wobei der Kopf der ersten Kolonne mittels eines Aufkocher-Kondensators, einer ersten Reinigungseinheit (E) und einer ersten Wärmetauscherlinie (7) thermisch mit dem Sumpf der zweiten Kolonne verbunden ist, Mittel, um der ersten Reinigungseinheit komprimierte Luft (9) zuzuführen, Mittel, um gereinigte Luft aus der ersten Reinigungseinheit der ersten Tauscherlinie zuzuführen, und Mittel, um gekühlte Luft aus der ersten Tauscherlinie der ersten Kolonne zuzuführen, und
    ii) eine zweite Destillationskolonnen-Anordnung (2), die mindestens eine dritte Kolonne (3') umfasst, die in der Lage ist, bei einem dritten Druck zu funktionieren, der niedriger ist als der erste Druck, und eine vierte Kolonne (5'), die in der Lage ist, bei einem vierten Druck zu funktionieren, der niedriger ist als der erste, der zweite und der dritte Druck, wobei der Kopf der dritten Kolonne mittels eines Aufkocher-Kondensators, einer zweiten Reinigungseinheit (E') und einer zweiten Wärmetauscherlinie (7') thermisch mit dem Sumpf der vierten Kolonne verbunden ist, Mittel, um auf den dritten Druck komprimierte Luft der zweiten Reinigungseinheit zuzuführen, Mittel, um gereinigte Luft (9') aus der zweiten Reinigungseinheit der zweiten Tauscherlinie zuzuführen, und Mittel, um gekühlte Luft aus der zweiten Tauscherlinie der dritten Kolonne zuzuführen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel umfasst, um ein Kopffluid (15) aus der dritten Kolonne der zweiten Kolonne oder einer Leitung eines Kopfgases aus der zweiten Kolonne zuzuführen, und Mittel, um ein Zwischenfluid (17) aus der zweiten Kolonne der dritten Kolonne zuzuführen.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Mittel, um ein Kopffluid (15) aus der dritten Kolonne (3') der zweiten Kolonne oder dem Kopfgas der zweiten Kolonne zuzuführen, keine Entspannungsmittel umfassen, und/oder die Mittel, um ein Zwischenfluid aus der zweiten Kolonne der dritten Kolonne zuzuführen, keine Druckbeaufschlagungsmittel umfassen.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, umfassend ein Ventil oder eine Turbine, um das Fluid, das aus der dritten Kolonne der zweiten Kolonne zugeführt wird, zu entspannen.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 10, umfassend eine Pumpe, um das Fluid, das aus der zweiten Kolonne der dritten Kolonne zugeführt wird, mit Druck zu beaufschlagen, wobei das Fluid eine Flüssigkeit ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, umfassend Mittel, um ein, gegebenenfalls Zwischen-, Gas aus der vierten Kolonne zur ersten Reinigungseinheit und zur zweiten Reinigungseinheit hin zuzuführen, damit es als Regenerationsgas dient.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, die kein Mittel zum Zuführen von Gas aus der zweiten Kolonne als Regenerationsgas zur ersten Reinigungseinheit hin umfasst.
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