EP3052681B1 - Lap machine and method for producing a lap from slivers - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a wadding machine and a method for producing a wad from fiber ribbons.

The feeding of flat combing machines, which is common today, is carried out by laps of cotton wool, which were previously produced from individual strips in winding machines. For this purpose, the winding machine receives the template in the form of a tape from at least one stretch, with the template being temporarily stored in round or rectangular containers. The winding machine usually consists of a winding unit with at least two winding rollers on which the lap is formed by means of a sleeve. Upstream of the winding unit are usually at least one pair of pressure rollers that double and / or stretch the strips. An inlet area is arranged in front of the pressure rollers, in which a further compaction unit or a straightener can be arranged.

The quality of the lap produced is one of the decisive factors for the productivity of the subsequent comber. Due to the limited dimensioning of the laps with a weight of approx. 25 kg and an outside diameter of 500 to 600 mm, the increase in production of the combers of today with a number of combing cycles of 600 is limited, since the feeding of the combers with new laps must be done faster and faster and thus becomes more complex and cost-intensive.

An alternative and more economical feeding of the comber directly from cans is known in the literature:
The DE 102006026841 A1 describes a modified combing machine in which the sliver is fed to the combing head by means of cans. To optimize the material flow, the combing units are aligned transversely to the feed direction to the drafting unit. It is also proposed to arrange a free space below the combing units which can accommodate rectangular cans.

In the DE 10320452 A1 describes the use of rectangular canisters in a combing. When the cans are used for a combing machine, at least two rectangular feed cans are preferably assigned to each combing head, from which feed slivers placed in loops are drawn off for simultaneous combing. In this application it is pointed out that it is essential that the sliver is deposited in the rectangular storage cans in the form of loops.

Furthermore, the CH 681309 to feed staple fiber material to the combing unit in the form of a drawstring belt or a few drawstring belts. This means that the essential elements of the combing machine can be designed with a smaller width than when processing wound strips with a specified width of 300 mm. In addition to the elimination of the tape wrapping machine, stretch tape can be taken directly from cans. It is also possible to use cans with card slivers and to connect a separate drafting system upstream of each combing unit.

The DE 19707206 A1 discloses a combing machine which, after the combing heads, places a layer of synthetic fiber sliver on the combed sliver and draws it in a drafting system.

The DE 102005006273 A1 discloses a card for hygiene articles in which fiber flocks are carded to form a fleece and the fleece is formed into a fleece strip within the card.

In the WO 2008/040704 A1 a single fiber sliver is drawn off from a can, stretched and the fiber length and fiber moisture are determined by means of a microwave sensor before being placed in another can. Several slivers can also be drawn off and drawn here.

The DE 19500189 A1 discloses a stretch in which several slivers are drawn into a single sliver and the thickness of the sliver is determined by means of a feeler element.

The methods described above have the disadvantage that a sliver from the card or the subsequent drafting system is presented directly to the combing head with intermediate storage in a can. The adjacent strips result in material accumulations next to material gaps, so that the clamping in the tongs of the combing machine is not optimal and this results in too high a proportion of noils due to long fibers separated out.

It is the object of the invention to create a wadding machine with which a wadding sliver of high quality for the further combing process is produced. A further object of the invention is to create a method for producing a wad from fiber ribbons.

The invention solves the problem posed by the teaching of claims 1 and 5; further advantageous design features of the invention are characterized by the subclaims.

The method according to the invention for producing wadding from fiber ribbons according to claim 1 provides that at least two layers of fiber ribbons are placed on top of one another and deflected and / or compacted or doubled by at least one pre-compressor, and the wadding formed in this way can be placed in a storage can, the size of the deflection and / or the compacting or doubling of the sliver in the pre-compressor being adjustable.

The advantage of the method according to the invention is that the wadding has a low hairiness and high uniformity, the quality of which a conventional lap cannot match. Furthermore, a significantly higher volume can be processed via the storage in storage cans, so that the template for the subsequent combing machines is sufficient for a significantly larger processing quantity and has to be changed less. With the features of the invention it is possible to adapt the adjustable deflection to the fiber quality and / or to the room climate.

According to the technical teaching of claim 5, the wadding machine for producing a wadding web from at least two fiber slivers comprises a drive device with which the wadding is conveyed through at least one pre-compressor, the pre-compressor doubling the individual fiber slivers to form a wadding web. The invention provides that the slivers are deflected and / or compacted or doubled within the pre-compressor, the deflection and / or compacting or doubling being adjustable.

The advantage of the wadding machine according to the invention is that the wadding produced has little hairiness and high uniformity, the quality of which a conventional lap cannot match. Furthermore, a significantly higher volume can be processed via the storage in storage cans, so that the template for the subsequent combing machines is sufficient for a significantly larger processing quantity and has to be changed less. The wadding machine is cheaper than a winding machine, and by eliminating it, its disadvantages such as the formation of bubbles during winding and at the same time The unevenness associated with this, such as the lap jumping open, the poor rolling behavior and the associated hairiness, are eliminated. Overall, the combing preparation is technologically easier to implement with simpler machines.

With the features of the invention, it is also possible to adapt the adjustable deflection to the fiber quality and / or to the room climate. The wadding machine is very compact and flexible.

In this case, a set of pressure rollers is arranged between the at least one pre-compressor and the drive device, which can further double the slivers and stretch them easily.

A variant of the invention provides that the wadding machine has two pre-compressors, one pre-compressor having what is known as a rake guide. The second pre-compressor can be designed with round cylindrical webs or as a compacting plate, so that the slivers are first gently smoothed when entering the wadding machine and then strongly compacted or doubled in the rake guide.

According to the invention, at least two layers of fiber ribbons are placed on top of one another and doubled with one another. This results in a sufficient thickness of the wad, which can be fed to the comber without further processing. As a result, the wadding has good homogeneity and a uniform distribution of the fibers in the wadding cross-section.

In the advantageous embodiment, according to which a further 11 to 13 fiber ribbons are offset on 12 adjacent fiber ribbons or placed on top in the same arrangement and connected to one another or doubled into a wadding, there is the advantage that the optimal amount of wadding can be presented to a combing head without the need for a further step for doubling the wadding.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the wadding machine has at least one means for detecting the moisture content in the fiber material. If the moisture in the fiber material is too low, the material speed can be reduced, for example, in order to ensure the quality of the wadding. As a further alternative or in addition, the webs in the pre-compressor can interlock with one another by, for example, 5 mm, so that the sliver is more strongly aligned and smoothed. In this way, the hairiness of the sliver can be further reduced and the evenness can be improved.

Advantageously, the at least one means determines the moisture content of the fiber material as a controlled variable, a regulator or a controller comparing the controlled variable with a reference variable and, if there is a deviation from the reference variable, generates a signal by which at least one actuator can be actuated to change the operating parameters of the wadding machine. Depending on the determined moisture content in the fiber material, the pressure and / or the draft of the pressure rollers and / or the penetration depth of the pre-compressor and / or the speed of the drive device and / or the draft in the possibly upstream drafting device can be adjusted.

The adjustable deflection or compacting comprises, according to the invention, at least one upper and at least one lower web, which are arranged offset to one another.

In an advantageous embodiment, the deflection takes place through an upper and a lower row of webs which are arranged offset to one another. Each row of webs comprises at least two individual webs. The rows of ridges are in the horizontal and vertical directions adjustable to each other. The entire upper row of webs and the entire lower row of webs can thus be adjusted to one another. The adjustability relates to the horizontal distance to one another, so that the rows of webs move closer to one another and thus the deflection of the sliver is increased. However, the adjustability also relates to the vertical distance from one another, as a result of which the webs interlock more closely and thereby also achieve a higher deflection of the sliver.

The adjustable deflection or compacting includes not only the adjustability of individual webs or entire rows of webs in the pre-compressor, but also the modification of the pre-compressor with regard to the number of webs. The adjustable deflection or compacting also includes the replacement of sub-assemblies of the pre-compressor, in which, for example, the entire upper element with a predetermined number of fixed webs is exchanged for an upper element with a modified deflection or compacting depending on the fibers to be processed.

A further improvement is achieved in that each web is individually adjustable in the horizontal and vertical direction. In this way, an increasing deflection of the sliver in the direction of material flow can be set in the pre-compressor.

Depending on the fiber quality, it can make sense for the webs to have varying spacings from one another in the horizontal and vertical directions. The deflection in the direction of material flow through the pre-compressor can first increase, then decrease and then increase again. This can be done by inserting or removing additional webs, or by setting the webs differently in depth or with respect to one another.

The setting of the webs can be carried out manually on the pre-compressor, in which the webs are guided and can be fastened individually or in series, for example along a backdrop. The usual machine elements are used for horizontal or vertical adjustment. The adjustability can be provided with a marking on the pre-compressor according to a rough classification of fiber qualities.

The adjustment of the webs can also take place automatically or semi-automatically. With an automatic adjustability of the webs by motorized, hydraulic or pneumatic drive elements, a comparison can be made by means of a control or regulation with the pressure rollers, for example by reducing the pressure on the pressure rollers in the case of a greater penetration depth or interlocking of the webs.

Semi-automatic adjustability can take place via the display of the wadding machine, for example by setting the pre-compressor to a specified fiber quality.

In an advantageous embodiment, the end faces of the webs which deflect the sliver have a rounded contour. This contour has proven to be advantageous for sensitive fibers such as cotton.

For robust man-made fibers, the end faces of the webs that deflect the sliver can have at least one sharp edge.

It has been found to be particularly advantageous if the webs are designed as round cylinders. The result is a very gentle deflection of the fibers, in which the fibers are essentially only smoothed. When the wadding machine starts up, the webs can rotate with it, so that the resistance to the sliver is very low. Only when the formed lap has a minimum speed can The round cylinder can be locked using a slowly increasing resistance, for example.

A particularly advantageous smoothing and alignment of the fibers can be achieved in that the webs are designed to be rotatable with or against the direction of material flow. For this purpose, the webs or round cylinders are designed to be drivable.

A further improvement can be achieved in that at least one web of the supercharger has a contour that is curved in the direction of the sliver. The web can be convexly curved or shaped so that the distance between the web is smaller in the middle of the web of material or the fiber band than on the sides. In this way, the material of the sliver can be partially pressed to the sides in order to achieve an optimal presentation of the fiber material to the width of the rectangular storage can.

In the case of an alternative pre-compressor, compaction takes place by means of two circumferential belts between which the sliver is compressed. This embodiment has the advantage that even a very thin fiber sliver is reliably guided during compaction.

In an advantageous embodiment, the belts are arranged at an acute angle to one another. This allows the sliver to run in a funnel shape between the two belts and be continuously compacted.

According to the previous embodiments, the belts can be driven separately and / or their contact force can be adjusted with respect to one another, so that a slight delay can be set with the compacting.

In an alternative embodiment, the compaction takes place by means of a roller and a belt running around the roller, between which the sliver is compacted. This embodiment can Integrate into the wadding machine in a space-saving manner in the shortest possible space, while the sliver is guided at the same time.

Because the drive for the roller and the belt can be adjusted separately, the sliver can be drawn to a small extent. The contact pressure on the sliver can be adjusted by adjusting the tension between the roller and the belt.

The angle of wrap of the sliver around the roller can also be adjusted by moving the pulleys of the belt towards or away from one another.

Another embodiment for compacting the sliver is achieved by a compacting plate which presses on the sliver with pretension. The pretension can be achieved by a suitable selection of the material, for example a spring steel sheet, and / or by pre-bending a sheet metal, which presses on the sliver with it.

The compacting force can be varied because the pre-tensioning and / or height of the compacting sheet can be adjusted relative to the sliver. With little force or when the compacting plate rests flat on the sliver, it is only smoothed on the surface. If the pretensioning is increased and / or the compacting plate is adjusted so that a front edge slides over the sliver, a significant compression and equalization of the sliver is achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the pre-compressor can be arranged at least partially interchangeably within the inlet area. Depending on the fiber quality, different preset upper elements of the pre-compressor can be exchanged by the operating personnel. This of course means that there is only a small amount of flexibility with regard to the adjustable parameters on the wadding machine, what on the other hand, it has the advantage of being able to offer the pre-compressor in this embodiment as a very inexpensive retrofit solution.

A further improvement is achieved in that the pre-compressor has adjustable or exchangeable elements for deflecting or compressing the sliver. These can thus be set in a targeted manner depending on the fiber quality.

As a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least the moisture content in the fiber material is determined and thus a controlled variable is generated, the controlled variable being compared with a reference variable and, in the event of a deviation from the reference variable, an actuator for changing the operating parameters can be actuated by means of a signal.

In contrast to the state of the art, no microclimate is adapted, but the operating parameters of the wadding machine adapt to the climatic environmental conditions of the spinning mill, so that high-quality wadding is always produced. It can be consciously accepted that the productivity of the wadding machine drops if the room climate is too dry. This can be compensated by a stronger action of the pre-compressor. With regard to the total operating costs of the wadding machine, however, this is significantly cheaper than the energetic expenditure that has to be expended for the generation of a disruptive and maintenance-prone microclimate.

So that the operating parameters of the wadding machine do not have to be permanently adjusted, the signal for actuating an actuator is only generated when the controlled variable has exceeded or fallen below a threshold value. This means that small changes in the climate, for example when material is briefly transported in or out via an open hall door, can be neglected.

Figur 1:

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer Wickelmaschine;

Figur 2:

in schematischer Darstellung eine erfindungsgemäße Wattenmaschine;

Figur 3:

in schematischer Darstellung einen ersten Vorverdichter;

Figur 4:

in schematischer Darstellung eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 5:

in schematischer Darstellung eine dritte Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 6:

in schematischer Darstellung eine vierte Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 7:

in schematischer Darstellung eine fünfte Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 8:

in schematischer Darstellung unterschiedliche Profilformen des Vorverdichters;

Figur 9:

in schematischer Darstellung eine sechste Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 10a-c:

in schematischer Darstellung eine siebte Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 11:

in schematischer Darstellung eine achte Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 12:

in schematischer Darstellung eine neunte Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 13:

in schematischer Darstellung eine zehnte Ausführungsform eines Vorverdichters;

Figur 14:

in schematischer Darstellung eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Wattenmaschine;

Figur 15:

in schematischer Darstellung eine dritte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Wattenmaschine;

Figur 16:

in schematischer Darstellung eine vierte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Wattenmaschine.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of several possible exemplary embodiments shown schematically. Show it:

Figure 1:

a schematic sectional view of a winding machine;

Figure 2:

a schematic representation of a wadding machine according to the invention;

Figure 3:

a schematic representation of a first supercharger;

Figure 4:

a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 5:

a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 6:

a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 7:

a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 8:

a schematic representation of different profile shapes of the supercharger;

Figure 9:

a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 10a-c:

a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 11:

a schematic representation of an eighth embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 12:

a schematic representation of a ninth embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 13:

in a schematic representation a tenth embodiment of a supercharger;

Figure 14:

a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a wadding machine according to the invention;

Figure 15:

a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a wadding machine according to the invention;

Figure 16:

a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a wadding machine according to the invention.

In Figure 1 a winding machine 1 is shown, as it is used, for example, in combing preparation in the textile industry. Several slivers 3, which can consist of natural or synthetic fibers, are fed to the winding machine 1 via cans and are evened out in a drafting device (not shown) and, if necessary, in a table calender. The slivers 3 are passed on via an inlet area 2 to several pressure rollers 4a-4c, which guide the slivers 3 into the intake area between two winding rollers 5a, 5b and a winding tube 6 for the production of a lap. A pre-compressor 8 is arranged in or at the inlet area 2, which homogenizes the sliver 3.

As an alternative to this embodiment with the two winding rollers 5a, 5b, winding machines are known in which the winding is formed within a revolving belt or by a belt with a winding roller.

An example of an embodiment of the wadding machine 10 according to the invention is symbolically shown in FIG Figure 2 shown. The wadding machine 10 essentially comprises an inlet area 2, in in which a pre-compressor 8 is arranged, a set of pressure rollers 4a, 4b, 4c and a drive device 21 with which the sliver or slivers 3 are transported through the wadding machine 10 in the direction of material flow 7. At the end of the wadding machine 10, the sliver 3 is deposited in a storage can 20.

The sliver 3 can be fed to the inlet area 2 of the wadding machine 10 from feed cans (not shown) with, for example, a gate (not shown). In this case, a certain number of fiber ribbons 3 are deposited next to one another, and the approximately equal number of fiber ribbons 3 are placed on top of the previously deposited fiber ribbons. In a preferred embodiment, 12 fiber ribbons are placed next to one another, and a further 11-13 fiber ribbons are placed on top of them. This can be done offset or directly on top of each other. The slivers 3 arranged in this way run through the pre-compressor 8 and then the pressure rollers 4a, 4b, 4c, and are then deposited as wadding in a storage can 20. As already mentioned, the belts can additionally be guided through a drafting system and / or at least one table calender.

The pre-compressor 8 is designed as an adjustable pre-compressor 8, in which the webs are interchangeable in shape and adjustable in terms of distance and depth from one another. The different types of execution are the Figures 3 to 13 and the associated description. The pre-compressor 8 has the task of compressing the slivers 3 with one another or of connecting or doubling them easily, thereby making them more uniform and smooth.

The subsequently arranged pressure rollers 4a, 4b, 4c have the task of doubling, compressing or compacting the slivers 3 and / or slightly over one To stretch the speed difference between the pressure rollers 4a, 4b, 4c.

The drive device 21 can comprise a double belt drive or one or more pairs of rollers, which are arranged after the pressure rollers 4a-4c and pulls the wadding formed from the slivers 3 through the pre-compressor 8 and through the pressure rollers 4a-4c and then deposits it in a rectangular storage can 20 . The filing of the lap in the storage can 20 takes place with staggered kinks in order to increase the filling volume and to minimize the load at the kinks of the wad for the subsequent further processing in the combing machines. In contrast to the prior art, the storage cans 20 do not have a lowerable spring plate, but the plate is guided over laterally arranged slots in the can circumference, the plate being movable up and down via a spindle.

The advantage of the wadding machine according to the invention is that the wadding quality increases with less hairiness and good evenness compared to the lap. A significantly higher volume can be processed via the deposit in the cans, so that the template for the subsequent combing machines is sufficient for a significantly larger processing quantity and has to be changed less. Furthermore, the wadding machine is cheaper than a winding machine, the elimination of which also eliminates its disadvantages, such as the formation of bubbles during winding and associated irregularities, such as the winding opening, the poor unwinding behavior and the associated hairiness. Overall, the combing preparation is technologically easier to implement with simpler machines. The wadding machine according to the invention can be used for any desired wad fineness, for example for wad fineness of 50-80 ktex.

For the conventional flat combing machine, the production of the lap according to the invention with a lap feed from a rectangular storage can results in a reduced noil percentage and a higher combed quality. The downtimes due to fewer changes to the wadding are reduced, since a storage can can hold significantly more wadding compared to a lap. The previously automated preparation of the wadding can largely be taken over.

Rotary combing is only practicable with the wadding from the storage can, since a lap from lap is almost not possible due to the high processing speed. The time it takes to feed in new laps is almost as long as the running time of the rotary combing machine. Even with rotor combing machines with more than one feed device or two combing heads, the wad supply from a storage can is ideal in terms of space requirements and changing times.

There are even greater advantages for the overall combing, since the entire transport automation (rails, winding carriage, trolley) for the winding can be omitted.

The following illustrations essentially show the various embodiments of a pre-compressor 8 of the wadding machine and reduce the illustration to the cross-sectional shapes of the webs and the adjustability of the pre-compressor 8. For the sake of simplicity, the surrounding components have not been shown.

The supercharger 8 according to the first embodiment of FIG Figure 3 consists of an upper and a lower web 11a, 12a, which are each adjustable in the horizontal and vertical direction. The fiber sliver 3 is deflected between the webs 11a, 12a, the material flow direction running from right to left in this exemplary embodiment. It can be seen that with increasing vertical adjustment the webs 11a, 12a, the sliver 3 is deflected more strongly. A horizontal adjustment of the webs 11a, 12a also enables an increased deflection of the sliver 3 as soon as the webs 11a, 12a have a minimum overlap in the vertical direction, that is to say interlock with one another.

In the second embodiment according to Figure 4 the supercharger 8 has an upper row of webs 11a-11c and a lower row of webs 12a-12b. Each row of webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b can be adjusted together in height. Furthermore, individual webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b can also be adjustable in height. The upper row of webs 11a-11c is offset from the lower row of webs 12a-12b, so that in this embodiment the webs 12a and 12b can engage in the gaps between the webs 11a and 11b, as well as 11b and 11c. The sliver 3 is thus guided in a wave-like manner through the webs in the material flow direction 7, each web at least partially deflecting the sliver 3 in that direction. The more the rows of webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b interlock like a tooth system, the greater the deflection of the sliver 3 and thus the influence on the quality of the wadding.

The third and fourth embodiments according to Figure 5 and 6th shows that the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b can be arranged individually and alternatively with the entire row in or against the material flow direction 7 so that they can be displaced. In the embodiment according to Figure 5 the webs are arranged increasingly denser in the material flow direction 7, so that the sliver 3 is first gently deflected at the beginning of the pre-compressor 8, and then deflected more strongly towards the end, since the distances between the webs 11a, 11b and 12a become shorter and shorter. Furthermore, the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b with the entire row are adjustable in height and thus interlock more intensively. It is obvious that for a large deflection of the sliver 3 the Bridges can both move closer to one another and also interlock more deeply with one another.

According to the embodiment of Figure 6 Each web 11a-11c and 12a-12b can be individually adjusted in height and in the material flow direction 7, so that a varying looping of the sliver 3 is possible. In the direction of the material flow, the webs 11a, 11b and 12a overlap significantly more than the webs 11c and 12b, since by means of the height adjustment they engage significantly deeper into the gaps between the webs 11a-11d.

In Figure 7 the number of webs varies in the upper row 11a-11d and in the lower row 12a-12d, so that the quality of the wad can also be influenced via the number of webs and thus via the number of deflections of the sliver 3.

In the embodiment of Figure 8 webs with different cross-sectional areas are shown, in particular the end faces which deflect the sliver 3 are designed differently. The web 11b represents the prior art in that the cross-sectional profile is designed as a truncated pyramid in the area of the end face.

The webs with the sharp-edged end faces, that is to say web 11a with the flattened end face and web 11d with the pointed end face, are particularly suitable for long fibers, robust man-made fibers or for fiber mixtures.

The web with the rounded end face 11c is particularly suitable for natural or short fibers, for example for cotton, since here - even with large deflection angles - a particularly gentle deflection takes place. The same applies to the round profile of the web 11e, over which the sliver 3 slides very gently, the fibers being aligned and easily compacted.

In the embodiment according to Figure 9 the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b are designed as round, fixed cylinders, between which the sliver 3 is deflected. Of course, the webs 11a-11c and the webs 12a-12b can also be set at a vertical distance from one another, so that interlocking interlocking of webs with a cylindrical cross-sectional profile is produced. Corresponding to the previous exemplary embodiments, the distance between the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b in the material flow direction 7 can also be set in total or individually, so that a variation in the wrap can be set. Depending on the fibers to be processed, both the number of webs 11a-11c, 12a-12b and their diameter are variable.

A particularly advantageous embodiment can be achieved in that the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b in the pre-compressor 8 can be adjusted from stationary to rotating or rotating. Thus, during start-up, while the sliver 3 is being transported through the wadding machine 10, the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b can also rotate in the material flow direction 7 in order to keep the resistance on the sliver 3 small. Only with the appropriate counterforce, after the sliver 3 has reached a predetermined speed in the wadding machine 10, can the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b be set to fixed in order to better align the fibers and to double the slivers 3 more intensively. For this purpose, the pre-compressor 8 has a corresponding mounting for the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b, as well as a blocking device which can switch manually, semi-automatically or automatically from stationary to co-rotating and vice versa.

A further improvement can be achieved in that at least some of the webs 11a-11c and 12a-12b are driven with a cylindrical cross-section. As a result, the sliver 3 can be smoothed even better and align the fibers even better by, for example, driving at least some of the webs 11a-11c at a differential speed in or against the direction of material flow 7.

In combination with a second pre-compressor 8 with, for example, a rectangular profile of the webs, the pressure rollers 4a-4c can be dispensed with (see FIG Figures 15 and 16 ), so that only one or two superchargers 8 are arranged in front of the drive device 21. The wadding machine 10 can thus be built very compact and inexpensive.

A further improvement in the wadding can be achieved by varying the surface of the webs that come into contact with the fiber sliver 3 in all previous exemplary embodiments. A smooth surface, for example chrome-plated and / or polished, can be particularly advantageous for short fibers. A deliberately roughened or corrugated surface has proven to be advantageous for man-made fibers.

In the previous exemplary embodiments, it has been tacitly assumed that the webs of the pre-compressor are always arranged in a parallel alignment to one another, that is to say have a constant spacing across the width of the goods. According to a further embodiment of the Figures 10a-10c At least one web 11a is convex or slightly bent towards the sliver 3, so that there is a smaller distance from the sliver 3 in the middle of the webs and an increasing distance from the sliver 3 towards the outside. In this way, the material of the sliver 3 can be partially pressed against the sides in order to obtain an optimized cross section for the wad to be laid down.

Figure 10a shows the arrangement across the web width with a lower straight web 12a and an upper convex web 11a, which are arranged offset in the direction of material flow.

Figure 10b shows an overlap of the webs 11a, 12a, the convexly curved upper web 11a dipping between two lower webs, of which only the front web 12a is visible.

In Figure 10c At least two webs 11a, 12a are convexly curved, and cause the sliver 3 to be displaced outwards to the sides of the inlet region 2.

The distance between the webs 11a, 12a, or their overlap, as well as the number of curved webs 11a, 12a can also be adapted to the fibers to be processed.

In the embodiment of Figure 11 the pre-compressor 8 comprises two circumferential belts 13a, 13b, between which the sliver 3 is compressed. At least one belt 13a, 13b can be designed as a perforated screen belt in order to allow entrained air to escape. Furthermore, the belts 13a, 13b can be arranged in a funnel shape at an acute angle to one another in order to allow the sliver 3 to run in without pressure and to allow the belts 13a, 13b to run out with a compression at the end. The advantage of this pre-compressor 8 lies in the fact that the sliver 3 is guided reliably even with high pressure or a large set draft. For this purpose, the belts 13a, 13b can advantageously be driven separately and their contact force can be adjusted with respect to one another.

In the embodiment of Figure 12 the sliver 3 is guided via an infeed roller 17 into the compression area of a pre-compression 8, which is formed from a roller 15 with a belt 14 which at least partially revolves around the roller 15. Two deflection rollers 16a, 16b form an opening for the entry of the sliver 3, in which the belt 14 is guided like an omega standing upside down. The sliver 3 thus runs between the belt 14 and the roller 15 around the roller 15, and is guided over an outlet roller 18 in the direction of the material flow to the pressure rollers 4a-4c. Through the With tensile force on the belt 14, the contact pressure between the belt 14 and the roller 15 is set on the sliver 3. A possible difference in speed between the belt 14 and the roller 15 allows a delay on the sliver 3 to be set. The maximum angle of wrap of the fiber sliver 3 around the roller 15, which in this exemplary embodiment is approximately 270 °, can be adjusted via a horizontal adjustability of the deflecting rollers 16a, 16b. In order to remove entrainment air, either the belt 14 can be designed as a sieve belt, or the surface of the roller 15 can be made from a perforated plate with internal air discharge. Depending on the fiber quality, different surfaces of belt 14 and roller 15 can also be used here.

In Figure 13 a further embodiment of a pre-compressor 8 is shown, which can be integrated very easily into the inlet area 2 of the wadding machine 10 in that a compacting plate 19 acts on the sliver 3 with a defined pressure. The compacting plate 19 can for example consist of spring steel and press with a pretension on the sliver 3, which is thus compacted between a guide table and the compacting plate 19. With the compacting plate 19, the fibers are evened out and easily compressed in the simplest possible way. The compacting plate 19 is arranged in an adjustable manner in the inlet area 2 of the wadding machine 10, the fiber sliver 3 not being deflected here, but rather being evened out and compacted by pressure. The adjustability of the compacting plate 19 includes the arrangement within the inlet area 2, as a result of which the compacting plate 19 is adjustable in height relative to the sliver 3. The equalization and compression on the fiber sliver 3 can be set via the elastic tension of the compacting plate 19 generated in this way. If the sliver 3 slides more and more over the front edge of the compacting plate 19, there is increased compression. That slides Sliver 3 increased over the surface of the compacting plate 19, the alignment of the fibers on the surface is thereby strengthened without significantly affecting the MD / CD ratio.

In all embodiments of the wadding machines 10 according to the Figures 2 and 14 to 16 at least two layers of fiber tapes 3 are placed on top of one another and doubled together. Preferably, 11 to 13 layers of fiber ribbons 3 are added to 12 layers of fiber ribbons 3 or placed on top in the same arrangement and connected to one another to form a wad or doubled and thereby smoothed and aligned, even if only one fiber ribbon is shown in the figures. Other embodiments are also possible, it being possible for the wadding machine to consist of a combination of the elements shown.

In the second embodiment of a wadding machine 10 according to the invention according to the Figure 14 two pre-compressors 8, 8 'are arranged in front of the pressure rollers 4a-4c, the pre-compressor 8 being offset by profiles according to the exemplary embodiments of FIG Figures 4 to 7 with a so-called rake guide and the pre-compressor 8 'offset rollers arranged along with the embodiment of the Figure 9 having. The slivers 3 are first guided very gently through the pre-compressor 8 'and doubled, then deflected more strongly by the pre-compressor 8, aligned and smoothed, and then doubled and smoothed again by the pressure rollers 4a-4c, and then in the rectangular storage can 20 filed. This additional gentle pre-compaction can bring about greater lap uniformity and better compaction, as a result of which the combing quality and in particular the noil can be improved.

The third embodiment of a wadding machine 10 according to Figure 15 corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 14 , with the pressure rollers have been removed so that the slivers 3 to form a wad are drawn by the drive device 21 exclusively through two pre-compressors 8, 8 ', doubled and smoothed there and placed in a rectangular storage can 20. This results in the cheapest and simplest embodiment of a wadding machine 10, with which a first layer of fiber ribbons 3, onto which a second layer of fiber ribbons 3 are placed, is formed into a wad as a template for a combing machine.

The fourth exemplary embodiment of a wadding machine 10 uses a so-called compacting plate according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 as a pre-compressor 8 'instead of the staggered and revolving rollers Figure 13 , with which the fibers 3 lying on top of one another and next to one another are compressed and smoothed with one another. This embodiment also enables an inexpensive and structurally simple embodiment of a wadding machine 10, with which a first layer of fiber ribbons 3, onto which a second layer of fiber ribbons 3 are placed, is formed into a wad as a template for a combing machine.

Over the entire length of the wadding machine 10, but in particular in the inlet area 2, the slivers 3 are guided laterally so that the resulting wadding has a width that corresponds to the width of the rectangular storage can 20. The offset storage of the kinks results in a very high filling volume without stressing the kinks. As before, the width of the wad can be 300 mm, but it can also be adapted to the optimal width of the combing heads of a comber. If necessary, the wadding can be fed into the storage can via a narrower guide (than the width of the storage can), so that the wad can spring open laterally via the stored weight and relax in the storage can. This is important for the removal of the wad for the combing process, since it means that the wadding edges are not removed from the storage can fray, but keep their geometric contour from the wadding machine.

In a further embodiment, the lateral inner can surfaces can support the formation of the wadding edge. If, for example, the wadding runs into the jug wider than the width of the jug, the wadding edges are turned over at the edge of the jug and then guided along the side surfaces.

In an advantageous embodiment, the wadding machine has means for detecting the moisture content in the fiber material in the wadding machine. The pressure of the pressure rollers 4a-4c, the penetration depth of the pre-compressor 8 and / or the speed of the drive device can be adapted as a function of the determined moisture content in the fiber material.

A spinning climate in the spinning mill of 60% humidity at a temperature of 24 ° C, for example, has proven to be the optimum humidity for cotton, with the material moisture being the decisive factor. It has been found that too little moisture in the fiber material has a negative influence on the processability of the fibers. The invention makes use of the knowledge that, for example, cotton can be processed better in a moist state than in a dry state, since the strength increases, while the fiber stiffness and friction decrease at the same time. Depending on the humidity of the material to be processed, the wadding machine is adjusted by optimizing the material speed, the pressure on the pressure rollers, the delay between the pressure rollers and / or the penetration depth of the pre-compressor. This can be done differently when processing cotton than when processing fiber blends with, for example, a high proportion of polyester fibers.

When processing polyester fibers, an even higher level of air humidity is desirable, since the static charge on the fibers decreases as the air humidity rises, making them easier to process.

If the moisture in the fiber material is too low, the material speed can be reduced, for example, in order to ensure the quality of the wadding. As a further alternative or in addition, the webs in the pre-compressor can interlock with one another by, for example, 5 mm, so that the sliver is more strongly aligned and smoothed.

In an advantageous embodiment, optical measured value pickups can be used as measuring devices, the emitted light of which is absorbed by the material moisture. Alternatively, microwave-based measuring systems can also be used, which measure the material moisture.

A solution that can be integrated particularly well into the wadding machine provides for the material moisture to be determined by means of electrical resistance measurement, the measuring device being integrated, for example, in the pressure rollers. This results in a sufficient controlled system to regulate, for example, the material speed and / or the penetration depth of the pre-compressor.

In general, the climatic conditions can only be determined and influenced individually by the customer. It is difficult or impossible to maintain an optimal processing climate for all process steps. In contrast to the prior art, in which an energetically expensive microclimate is created for each processing process, the invention goes further and adapts the machine parameters to the existing spinning climate. The preset machine parameters can only be changed if a so-called threshold value is fallen below or exceeded. For example, when the relative humidity is reduced from 60% to below 40%, the material speed can be reduced. When the relative humidity drops from 60% to 55%, for example, and then to 50%, the penetration depth of the webs of the pre-compressor can alternatively be increased step-by-step without reducing the production capacity. The regulation or control via a threshold value has the advantage that the operator of the wadding machine does not have to take into account any safety factors when selecting the machine parameters, but can select optimal parameters that are adapted to the material. In this way, a higher batt quality or an increased production speed can be achieved with an optimal spinning climate

Depending on the fibers to be processed and the climatic changes, on the one hand the machine parameters can be changed together or individually in order to ensure sufficient product quality. On the other hand, this ensures that the wadding machine runs with the highest productivity in an optimal climate.

In a preferred embodiment, the wadding machine has a database in which the optimal climatic data are stored for various types of fiber. Furthermore, the associated control algorithm can also be stored in the database, with which settings the wadding machine runs in the event of a deviation from the optimal climatic data. The threshold values can also be stored for each type of fiber, which must be fallen below or exceeded so that the wadding machine runs with different operating parameters.

The database can be part of a control / regulation in which the measured air humidity flows in as an input variable as a control variable, is compared with the optimal air humidity as a reference variable and the control / regulation actuates an actuator by means of a signal, which acts, for example, on the speed of the drive motors of the drive device 21.

This makes it possible to adapt the climate in a spinning mill to the essential machines, for example to the cards or combers, and at the same time to produce wadding with optimal quality and productivity. Even if the productivity of the wadding machine may decrease due to a non-optimal climate, the overall operating costs are significantly lower than with the energetic expenditure of a microclimate.

Reference number

1

Winding machine

2

Inlet area

3

Sliver

4a-4c

Pressure rollers

5a, 5b

Winding roller

6th

Winding core

7th

Material flow direction

8, 8 '

Pre-compressor

10

Wadding machine

11a-11d

web

12a-12d

web

13a, b

belt

14th

belt

15th

roller

16a, b

Pulley

17th

Infeed roller

18th

Outlet roller

19th

Compacting plate

20th

Storage can

21

Drive device

Claims (13)

1. A method for producing a lap web for laydown at a combing machine, wherein at least two layers of slivers (3) one on top of the other from cans are supplied to an intake area (2) of a lap machine, and the slivers (3) are guided through a pre-condenser (8), disposed in the intake area (2), by means of an adjustable deflection and/or compacting and doubled to a lap web, which subsequently is guided through at least one second pre-condenser (8') and/or through a set of pressure rolls (4a to 4c), wherein a drive device (21) transports the lap web through the lap machine (10) and deposits the lap web in a rectangular sliver deposit can (20) with offset bend spots, wherein the adjustable deflection or compacting of the sliver (3) in the pre-condenser (8) is realized by means of at least one upper and at least one lower fixed link (11a, 12a), which are disposed offset to each other.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least two layers of slivers (3) consist of 12 slivers (3) next to each other and further 11 to 13 slivers (3), which are placed offset or in the same arrangement on top and are connected to each other or doubled to a lap web.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the humidity content is determined in the fibre material and thereby generating a controlled variable, wherein the controlled variable is compared to a reference variable and, when deviating from the reference variable, an actuator for modifying the operating parameters is actuatable by means of a signal, wherein depending on the determined humidity content in the fibre material are/is adaptable the pressure and/or the draft of the pressure rolls and/or the piercing depth of the pre-condenser and/or the speed of the drive device and/or the draft in the potentially upstream located drafting system.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the signal for actuating the actuator is only generated if the controlled variable exceeds or falls below a threshold value.
5. A lap machine with an intake area (2), which is formed for receiving at least two layers of slivers (3), which are fed from cans, wherein a pre-condenser (8) is disposed in the intake area (2), through which pre-condenser (8) the at least two layers of slivers (3) are guided disposed on top of each other and doubled to a lap web for laydown at a combing machine, wherein downstream the pre-condenser (8) in material flow direction is disposed at least one second pre-condenser (8') and/or a set of pressure rolls (4a to 4c), to which, in material flow direction, is disposed downstream a drive device (21), which transports the lap web through the lap machine (10), wherein the lap machine includes means for placing the lap web in a rectangular sliver deposit can (20) with offset bend spots, wherein each pre-condenser (8, 8') includes an adjustable deflection and/or compacting, wherein the adjustable deflection or compacting of the sliver (3) in the pre-condenser (8) is realized by means of at least one upper and at least one lower fixed links (11a, 12a), which are disposed offset to each other, wherein the lap machine is formed for being operated according to the method of the claims 1 to 4.
6. The lap machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the lap machine includes at least one means for detecting the humidity content in the fibre material.
7. The lap machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one means determines the humidity content of the fibre material as a controlled variable, a controller or a control compares the controlled variable to a reference variable and, upon deviation from the reference variable, generates a signal, with which the at least one actuator is actuatable for modifying the operating parameters of the lap machine, wherein, depending on the determined humidity content in the fibre material, are/is adaptable the pressure and/or the draft of the pressure rolls and/or the piercing depth of the pre-condenser and/or the speed of the drive device and/or the draft in the potentially upstream located drafting system.
8. The lap machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the deflection of the sliver (3) is realized in the pre-condenser (8) by means of an upper and a lower rows of fixed links (11a to 11d; 12a to 12d), which are disposed offset to each other.
9. The lap machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the rows of fixed links (11a to 11d; 12a to 12d) are adjustable in horizontal and vertical directions to each other.
10. The lap machine according to any of the preceding claims 8 to 9, characterized in that each fixed link (11a to 11d, 12a to 12d) is adjustable in horizontal and/or vertical directions.
11. The lap machine according to any of the preceding claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the front faces of the fixed links (11a to 11d; 12a to 12d), which deflect the sliver (3), have a rounded contour or a sharp edge.
12. The lap machine according to any of the preceding claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the fixed links (11a to 11d; 12a to 12d) are formed as round cylinders.
13. The lap machine according to claim 12, characterized in that the fixed links (11a to 11d; 12a to 12d) are formed rotatably in the direction of material flow or opposite said direction.

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