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EP3049333B1 - Dispositif de fabrication d'un emballage composite - Google Patents

Dispositif de fabrication d'un emballage composite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3049333B1
EP3049333B1 EP14771262.4A EP14771262A EP3049333B1 EP 3049333 B1 EP3049333 B1 EP 3049333B1 EP 14771262 A EP14771262 A EP 14771262A EP 3049333 B1 EP3049333 B1 EP 3049333B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressing
pressing element
package
damping
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14771262.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3049333A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen RICHTER
Martin Berger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SIG Services AG
Original Assignee
SIG Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SIG Technology AG filed Critical SIG Technology AG
Publication of EP3049333A1 publication Critical patent/EP3049333A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3049333B1 publication Critical patent/EP3049333B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
    • B65B61/24—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for shaping or reshaping completed packages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for closing a filled with an incompressible fluid filling material and formed from a cylindrical shell composite packaging, the device is operable in a timed operation and comprises a plurality of successively arranged processing stations, of which a processing station has a pressing device by means of the Closing Falzübernot incurred are pressed against the bottom surface of the pack, wherein the pressing device is arranged substantially perpendicular to the bottom surface movable.
  • Such a generic device is from the EP 0 819 602 A2 known.
  • the invention relates to a use of such a device for packaging food, in particular of aseptically filled foods.
  • Composite packs are packs made of a packaging material which consists of several full-surface, for example by coextrusion, interconnected materials, such as cardboard and plastic.
  • a full-surface connection is also used in such composites or laminates if, for example, one of the composite materials already has a recess, for example a punched-out part in the later opening region, prior to joining.
  • the composite packages then serve food as a transport and or protective packaging, the foodstuffs generally being liquid or pasty States have.
  • these may be drinks, soups, yogurt pudding, sauces or the like.
  • hoses are formed in the axial direction around a Brownid from drawn off a roll of web material hoses, which are filled in continuous operation and sealed to pillow-like containers. These pillow-like containers are then separated and converted in further steps to compact structures, in particular cuboid boxes.
  • the fold overhangs which are formed in the abovementioned step and which the person skilled in the art also frequently refers to as "ears" are applied to the outer side of the pack and joined to it, that is to say generally welded or glued.
  • individual blanks are first of all produced from the laminate initially also present as a web material in a process step which precedes the filling device, and from these by sealing a longitudinal seam, cylinder-like packing coats are produced from individual blanks. These coats can then be reshaped in a filling device already to a relatively stable and only to the filling nozzle open container. Also in this type of composite packaging and its manufacturing process, it is common that the "Ears" are folded on the later pack bottom side inward, so form a part of the intended footprint of the pack. In this case, however, the package should as far as possible stand only on the four edges of the bottom surface, so that the ears must be arranged inside the parallelepiped enveloped by the package.
  • Such packaging under the term "aseptic" packaging, which primarily serves the long-term protection of high-quality foods.
  • packages which are generally rectangular in shape, are also suitable for accommodating large filling volumes of 1.5 liters or even more than 2 liters.
  • the production of such composite packages makes special demands on the machines on which the packaging is produced.
  • the process steps are to be adapted to methods for producing parallelepipedic packages.
  • the upper region of the packaging designed as a truncated pyramid must be formed before filling, which makes it necessary to fill it via the side of the packaging which forms the later package bottom.
  • the package is guided "upside down" through the filling area of the device for producing a package.
  • An apparatus and a method for producing such a composite package are known from WO 2012/062565 A1 known.
  • packaging In the preparation of the package bottom of this, to be addressed by their external shape and their handling as particularly valuable, packaging must therefore be dispensed with the advantage described above defined working parameters and folded the floor in his training against the already filled package contents and pressed.
  • a folding flap connection device for producing a composite packaging known, but from a roll drawn web material is produced over a filling mandrel in a continuous process.
  • the disclosed folding flap connection device processes three sides of the package within a single pressing station, so that for this reason a load distribution on the joints to be produced remains rather random and depends, for example, on the relative position of the composite package to be processed within the conveyor. Local overloads in the pressing areas are to be expected.
  • the laminate of a composite packaging is generally formed today essentially by a carrier layer, for example by a cardboard having a basis weight of about 120 g / m 2 to about 350 g / m 2 , which on its outside usually with a polymer layer - in The rule of polyethylene (PE) - is sealed, which protects the carton, for example, from moisture penetration from the outside, but can also serve as a fusible sealing layer at the joints to be created, in particular the areas where the Falzüberplace are connected to the outside of the package ,
  • PE polyethylene
  • the carrier layer is provided on its inside with a barrier layer (usually an Al foil), wherein an adhesive layer is arranged between the carrier layer and the barrier layer in order to provide the necessary hold.
  • a barrier layer usually an Al foil
  • an adhesive layer is arranged between the carrier layer and the barrier layer in order to provide the necessary hold.
  • a polymer layer is again provided.
  • today's filling machines operate at cycle times of from about 0.7 seconds to about 1.2 seconds, such that a single apparatus for producing a composite package, which is generally part of or associated with a filling machine and houses, for example, 6 parallel production lines, can finish several thousand composite packages per hour.
  • connection process ie the bonding or welding of the areas to be joined is always a function of pressure and exposure time, remains at a due to be achieved high cycle times necessarily reducing action only an increase in contact pressure.
  • the pressing device comprises at least one damping device or at least one damping element.
  • the pressing device comprises a damping device or a damping element.
  • This effect is attributed to the fact that this forms a state of equilibrium in the pressing area during the pressing process and the actual contact time is prolonged.
  • sudden kinks are avoided while the pack is pressed against its filling content, on the other hand, a "popping" of the package is effectively prevented because the package surface rests during the entire or at least almost the entire pressing operation on the contact element and this also follow in its backward movement can, so that the pack is almost restored relaxed in its intended form.
  • Such a movement hardly loads the still fresh adhesive or welded joint, so that it can be completely effective and after cooling, that is, after leaving the pressing station, has no previous damage.
  • the invention has now recognized that the problems grow disproportionately with increasing contact pressure.
  • a welded or glued joint of two plastic layers or a plastic and a fibrous layer, in particular a cardboard layer have a certain maturing time, that does not have their full loadability immediately after their contacting. Rather, the full load capacity of such a connection is reached only after complete cooling, so a few tenths of a second after leaving the Anpressstation.
  • the pressing device has a drive device and a contact pressure element.
  • the pressing device can be operated as intended and selectively controlled.
  • a contact pressure element By providing a contact pressure element, it is possible to address the special requirements of the particular composite package to be produced. It is of very particular advantage if the contact pressure element is interchangeable and in particular, if it can be changed without tooling, so for example by means of a clamp connection or a quick-change device.
  • the damping device is arranged between the drive device and the contact pressure element.
  • the damping device can react relatively directly to the adjusting itself in the actual press nip conditions. This construction results in few components, so that it can be built especially space-saving. If the damping device forms a separate structural unit, a broader property spectrum and improved maintainability are available.
  • damping element is arranged between the drive device and the contact pressure element or is part of the contact pressure element. Again, a relatively direct reaction to the conditions in the press nip conditions is possible. If the pressing element is part of the pressure element, even an immediate reaction is possible.
  • damping elements have not as high efficiency as damping devices, but they are very small and are also very insensitive and low maintenance in many respects. After all, they are easily replaceable and inexpensive.
  • the invention provides that the damping device has a fluid damper. Tests have shown that fluid dampers have a damping behavior that meets the requirements of such composite packaging particularly well.
  • the fluid damper is designed as a hydraulic damper.
  • Such damping devices achieve very high efficiencies and can absorb high forces.
  • the damping device comprises a throttle. This makes a damping device especially effective.
  • the damping behavior can be set very accurately on the design of the throttle. It may therefore be of great advantage if the throttle has an adjustment range.
  • the fluid damper is designed as a pneumatic damper.
  • Pneumatic damping devices work very fast and are free from the risk of contamination of the composite packaging produced by possible leaks, which is of paramount importance in the food processing industry.
  • the energy spectrum to be accomplished by them is by far sufficient for processing or producing composite packaging.
  • the damping device comprises a spring.
  • the pressing element can preferably also be designed in several parts. In this way, a particularly good coordination of the active surfaces of the contact pressure element to the respective shape of the rebate projections (ears) can be achieved.
  • a further teaching of the invention provides that the active surface (s) of the contact element coming into operative connection with the rebate projections and / or the bottom surface of the composite packaging to be formed is / are formed in a spherically curved manner. This can have two major axes around which it is arched. It is of great advantage if the curvature around at least one of the two main axes corresponds to a radius. As a result, very uniform distribution of forces can be achieved, so that the forming composite packaging is very easy to work. In many cases, it is even particularly advantageous if the bulges around both major axes represent radii.
  • the radii are approximately the same size, ie the effective surface is a partial surface of a spherical surface.
  • the size ratio of the radii forming around the main axes of the spherical pressing element reflects the ratio of the edge lengths of the package sides forming the cross-sectional area of the composite packaging.
  • the radius preferably corresponds to about 80% to 99.5% and particularly preferably between 92% and 98% of a diagonal of the packing cross-sectional area to be processed.
  • the contact pressure element is designed to be split. In this way it is possible to apply pressure to each of the parts of the pressing element individually. It is particularly useful if the contact pressure is divided into two, even if a higher-pitch division is conceivable. Then it is also advantageous if the division of the pressing element runs centrally and in the machine direction by the contact pressure. Even if it is not absolutely necessary, a particularly package-sparing design results when the separate parts of the pressing element have a common (virtual) vertex, which lies in the parting plane.
  • each of the parts of the pressing element has a separate drive, for example, by its own piston rod of a fluid cylinder can be acted upon with pressure, and it is particularly advantageous if the fluid cylinder are fed via a common pressure line. This can ensure that the same pressure acts on all parts of the drive element, but that the drive elements can penetrate into the composite packaging with an individual depth until a pressure equilibrium is established. In this way, page-specific resistance forces of the package, as may be caused for example by the design arrangement of a unilateral longitudinal packing seam, be taken into account.
  • the pressing device comprises an adjusting device by means of which the parts of the pressing element are aligned relative to each other.
  • the parts of the pressing element in the machine direction to each other are positionable.
  • a part of the pressing element can be arranged centrally and another part of the pressing element eccentric to the main axis of the pressing element extending in the cross-machine direction.
  • the geometric shape of the active surfaces of the pressing element corresponds to the shape of the Falzübernot to be pressed.
  • the pressing forces can be transmitted in an ideal manner to the folding edges.
  • an unnecessary increase in the contact pressure is avoided, whereby the individual layers are not unnecessarily stressed.
  • the pressing element is formed thermally insulated.
  • an unnecessary and possibly uncontrollable heat input is avoided in the pressing. This also helps to maintain the external responsiveness of the composite package. It is even possible to cool the contact element in order to avoid overheating.
  • the friction coefficient of the active surfaces of the contact pressure element is less than or equal to 0.35, preferably less than or equal to 0.2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.15.
  • the coefficient of friction should always be understood to mean the smaller value of a range of values if the coefficient of friction is given as the mean coefficient of friction in dry running on steel (cf., for example, Licharz Gleitlagerkatalog, 2013).
  • the coefficient of friction that prevails here thus contrasts with the usual way in connection with the consideration of impact or Pressing operations relevant Haftreibbeihong a Gleitreibbeiwert, because it is assumed that the composite packaging is to move in the pressing process along the preferably formed by the pressing member effective surface.
  • the device described above can be used particularly well in all illustrated embodiments for packaging food, in particular aseptically filled foodstuffs.
  • the foods may be, for example, beverages, soups, yogurt pudding, sauces or the like.
  • a device according to the invention is shown in an overall view.
  • the device has a mandrel wheel 1 and a filling machine 2.
  • This in Fig. 1 mandrel wheel 1 shown has nine mandrels 3 and rotates cyclically in operation, ie gradually, in the direction of arrow counterclockwise.
  • the filling machine 2 has a conveyor 4 with cells 5, which moves in a clockwise direction.
  • the type of conveyor 4 shown is often referred to as a cell string.
  • liquid or pasty food in composite packages P 'are filled.
  • liquid or pasty foods also include those foods which contain solid constituents, for example soups or drinks containing mostly suspended solid constituents, such as vegetable pieces or cereals.
  • the unspecified packing jacket is pushed onto a mandrel 3 of the mandrel wheel 1 and formed in the later head region of the package into a truncated pyramid, on the cover side of which a reclosable opening element is attached.
  • the cell 5 of the conveying system 4 designed as a cell chain is open at the bottom, but tapers in the lower region, so that a support of the packaging P 'is distributed on the lateral surfaces of the packaging body.
  • the cell 5 preferably also has a negative to the truncated pyramid-like shape of the head region of the composite pack to be produced in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the cell 5 may also be closed downwards or in a suitable other way exert a clamping action on the package body.
  • the filling machine 2 has a flushing device 6, a filling device 7 and a closing device 8.
  • the filling system comprises two control devices 9.
  • the packages P ' which are open in the bottom region are then guided past the first control device 9, the correct position of the packages P' in the cells 5 of the conveyor system 4 being checked. This can be done for example by (not shown) optical sensors. Subsequently, the packages 1 'are aseptically rinsed in the region of the rinsing device 6 in order to sterilize the inside of the packages P' for the subsequent filling. Thereafter, the sealed packaging in the gable area P 'are filled in the region of the filling device 7 through its open bottom area with the desired product.
  • step A The sealing and sealing of the bottom region of the previously filled packages P 'takes place in the region of the closing device 8 and is in Fig. 2 shown in more detail.
  • step B the sealing of a transverse seam, ie the bottom seam 10, which is laterally folded in the next step C then takes place. This inevitably arise at each end Falzüberposed 11, as well Packungsohren 'designated. These ears 11 are then bent inwardly as described in more detail below (step D) after the entire floor area has been heated by hot air.
  • step E the packing tubes 11 are sealed by means of a pressing device 12 according to the invention by a pressing element 13 that bulges inward in the region of the dome-like concave packing bottom (step E), as described below with reference to FIG Fig. 3 will be described in more detail.
  • the filled and sealed packages P ' are also referred to as packages P and conveyed by a second control device 9, whereby the proper condition of the bottom portion of the packages P is controlled. This can also be done by optical sensors. Finally, the packs 24 are removed from the cells 5 in the right-hand end region of the conveyor system 4, before the emptied cells 5 are moved back in the direction of the mandrel wheel 1.
  • illustrated pressing device 12 includes in the illustrated preferred embodiment and a serving as a drive pneumatic cylinder and a pressing member 13 which is fixed with a plate 14 on (not designated) drive.
  • the packing tubes 11 are folded over (folded in) towards the package bottom by means of slides 15 arranged laterally of the cell chain.
  • Serve with two oppositely moving folding elements 16 the end position is limited by a respective abutting against the side wall of the package P stop elements 17, so that the two packing tubes 11 are folded so far that they - after a corresponding heating by means of hot air - from the down driving Pressed element 13 can be detected and pressed onto the bottom of the package and sealed with it.
  • the spherically curved contact pressure element 13 is, as in the FIGS. 4a and 4b Shown centrally tapered (13 ') or butterfly shaped (13 ") and preferably made of a plastic having heat-insulating properties.
  • the two parts of the pressing element are aligned with each other so that the vertex of a common radius in the space
  • the embodiment proves Fig. 4c different adjustment means by means of which the parts of the pressing element to each other in all three spatial axes x, y and z can be positioned and aligned.
  • a pneumatic cylinder serving as a drive is also designed as a damping device and is preferably split, so that each of the two parts 13 '"of the pressing element can be controlled via its own pneumatic cylinder
  • the penetration depth of the two pressure elements is independent of each other and adjusts itself to an equilibrium of forces, whereby both cylinders are supplied by a common pressure line, ie subjected to the same pressure
  • both cylinders are essentially identical.
  • the divided or undivided pressing element 13 has an effective surface with a particularly low profile Friction coefficient of less than 0.12 and is, for example, completely made of a PEEK derivative or treated with a suitable sealant or lacquer layer, such as Teflon.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b finally give exemplary embodiments of damping devices 18 and 18 'again
  • the embodiment of Fig. 5a below a with a (not shown) drive push rod 19 has a fluid cylinder 20, which has a throttle 21 to increase the damping effect in the illustrated preferred embodiment so far.
  • the throttle 21 is bypassed.
  • the throttle 21 is effective only in or around the immediate pressing process.
  • a corresponding control device is provided, which is also not shown.
  • the cylinder comprises a sensor, for example a force sensor
  • the switching process for the throttle 21 can be carried out in a regulated manner, which brings considerable process advantages.
  • it can also be a pressure valve to bypass the throttle 21 may be provided.
  • the trigger point of the valve may be adjustable or even changeable during operation.
  • the damping device after Fig. 5b dispenses with a fluid cylinder and is designed as an existing of an elastic material damping element 18 ', which is arranged directly above the pressing member 13. It is not shown that the pressing element itself can be designed as a damping element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Dispositif de fermeture d'un emballage composite (P), rempli de produit fluide, incompressible et formé d'une enveloppe genre cylindre, sachant que le dispositif peut être utilisé en fonctionnement cadencé et comprend plusieurs postes de traitement (1, 6, 7, 8, 9), qui sont disposés les uns derrière les autres, l'un des postes de traitement (8) présentant un dispositif de pression (12) au moyen duquel les saillies de plis (11), qui résultant de la fermeture, peuvent être pressées contre la surface du fond de l'emballage (P), sachant que le dispositif de pression (12) peut être déplacé sensiblement verticalement par rapport à la surface du fond,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif de pression (12) est doté au moins un dispositif d'amortissement (18, 18') ou au moins un élément d'amortissement (18").
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif de pression (12) est doté une installation d'entraînement et un élément de pression (13).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif d'amortissement (18, 18') est disposé entre le système d'entraînement et l'élément de pression (13).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément d'amortissement (18") est disposé entre le système d'entraînement et l'élément de pression (13) ou fait partie de l'élément de pression.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif d'amortissement (18) est doté d'un amortisseur à fluide.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'amortisseur à fluide présente est réalisé sous la forme d'un amortisseur hydraulique (20).
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif d'amortissement est doté d'un clapet d'étranglement (21).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'amortisseur à fluide est réalisé sous la forme d'un amortisseur pneumatique.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif d'amortissement est doté d'un ressort (22).
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la / les surface / s active / s de l'élément de pression (13), qui agissent en commun avec les saillies de plis (11) et / ou la surface du fond de l'emballage composite (P) devant être formé, est / sont voûté/s en forme de sphère.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément de pression (13) est composé de plusieurs pièces.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les pièces (13", 13"') de l'élément de pression sont de conception interchangeable.
  13. Dispositif selon revendication 11 ou 12,
    caractérisée en ce que
    chacune des pièces de l'élément de pression est séparément associée à un entraînement individuel.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif de pression est doté d'un dispositif de réglage, au moyen duquel les pièces de l'élément de pression peuvent être ajustées les unes par rapport aux autres.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14,
    caractérisée en ce que
    des surfaces actives de l'élément de pression (13, 13', 13", 13"') correspond à la forme des saillies de plis (11) qui doivent être pressées.
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les surfaces actives de l'élément de pression sont isolées thermiquement.
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 16,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la valeur de friction des surfaces actives de l'élément de pression est inférieure ou égale à 0,35, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 0,2 et, en particulier, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 0,15.
  18. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17 pour l'emballage de produits alimentaires, en particulier de produits alimentaires remplis aseptiquement.
EP14771262.4A 2013-09-23 2014-09-16 Dispositif de fabrication d'un emballage composite Not-in-force EP3049333B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013015638.6A DE102013015638A1 (de) 2013-09-23 2013-09-23 Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Verbundverpackung
PCT/EP2014/069721 WO2015040026A1 (fr) 2013-09-23 2014-09-16 Dispositif de fabrication d'un emballage composite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3049333A1 EP3049333A1 (fr) 2016-08-03
EP3049333B1 true EP3049333B1 (fr) 2018-06-13

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EP (1) EP3049333B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105579349B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013015638A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015040026A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015114457A1 (de) 2015-08-31 2017-03-02 Sig Technology Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Trocknung von Verpackungen
DE102016109996A1 (de) 2016-04-04 2017-10-05 Sig Technology Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bilden von einseitig offenen Packungskörpern aus beidseitig offenen Packungsmänteln
DE102017125973B4 (de) * 2017-11-07 2021-03-11 Sig Technology Ag Verfahren zum Bearbeiten und/oder Füllen von Verpackungen
DE102019114635A1 (de) * 2019-05-31 2020-12-03 Sig Technology Ag Vorrichtung und verfahren zum nachformen der giebelflächen von verpackungen mit schrägem giebel
CN112836311B (zh) * 2021-01-26 2024-04-12 西安交通大学 降低多曲率表面叠层结构材料体分层损伤缺陷装置与方法

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CN105579349B (zh) 2018-04-20
DE102013015638A1 (de) 2015-03-26
WO2015040026A1 (fr) 2015-03-26
EP3049333A1 (fr) 2016-08-03
CN105579349A (zh) 2016-05-11

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