EP2900567B1 - Packaging for edge-sensitive transported goods - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the packaging of edge-sensitive cargo. Such goods include glass panes, especially flat glass panes, even more sensitive are natural stone slabs. Even bending and impact-resistant glass panes made of laminated glass have sensitive areas. These places are at the edges.

Flat glass comes in different forms, for example as toughened safety glass, as laminated safety glass, as laminated glass, as composite multi-pane glass, as fire-resistant glazing, as solar control glass, as thermally or chemically toughened glass, as float glass, as heat protection glass, as wire glass, as Window glass, as cast glass, as soundproof glass, as garden glazing. The different types of glass are mostly standardized. For example, DIN 12150, DIN EN ISO 12543, DIN 1259, DIN 4102, DIN 1863, DIN 11525, DIN 11526. DIN 52290

Window glass is today mainly produced in the float glass process and then has a high surface quality.

The float glass process is a continuous production process. Here, purified / purified glass melt is passed to a bath of liquid tin. The glass has a much lower specific gravity compared to the tin and floats on the liquid tin. This results in very flat glass with a high quality surface.

Laminated glass panels usually consist of at least two transparent layers, of which at least one layer is a glass pane is. Usually, the transparent other layer is a glass pane. Both layers are connected by an organic intermediate layer. The organic intermediate layer is usually in the form of a film. Such films and the compound of the glass layers are, for example, in DE1292811 described. The films used are preferably highly tear-resistant, viscoelastic, thermoplastic films. Such films are, for example, of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), etc. Likewise, plastic of PVB or TPU or the like.
Instead of the film, other adhesive layers of cast resin or the like can find application.
The laminated glass also includes glass sheets bonded to other materials, such as a transparent polycarbonate.

Glass with comparable properties as laminated glass usually has considerable thickness. Preferably, such a glass is also made low stress or heat treated after production to produce a low stress state. In the low-voltage state, the glass is resistant to bending and impact-resistant compared to other conventionally produced glass. As far as in the following an edge protection for laminated glass is addressed, so includes the one-piece glass with similar properties.

Laminated glass panels have found a diverse application. Particularly well-known is the application in construction and in automotive engineering. In automotive engineering, the laminated glass panes are also called safety glass.
Laminated glass panes are being used in construction windows, large windows, glass doors, large glazing of doors, shower enclosures, parapets, transparent partitions,

Overhead glazing, glass roofing and used for stems or the like.
Laminated glass can fulfill a variety of tasks. Of these, flexural strength and impact resistance is just one of the possible tasks. Other possible tasks are, for example, fire protection or sound insulation.

Laminated glass panels are characterized by a very high flexural strength and high impact resistance compared to a single-pane glass. In this case, flexural strength and impact strength are not referred to as absolute strength, but to a strength which is sufficient for the particular application of the laminated glass.

It also comes to a considerable extent ESG glass, insulating glass, mirror glass and other glasses.

Despite the high strength, the glass edges, and the glass edges of laminated glass are particularly sensitive.
That is why it is common not only for simple glass but also for laminated glass and other types of glass to protect glass panes for transport.
In particular, in the construction can not be expected that the glass is handled with extreme care. The rough construction operation is not set up on it. It comes so far to significant glass damage to the construction. 10% glass damage is nothing special. 20% glass damage is not unusual in construction.

Laminated glass for motor vehicles are usually caged to several, that is, placed in a protective box. Here, a soft, resilient bed is provided in the boxes. The boxes are to determines to transport the laminated glass from the manufacturer to a vehicle manufacturer or to a vehicle repair operation.

• Ein als Ladungsträger ausgebildetes Spezialfahrzeug ist nicht für andere Transporte geeignet. Das Fahrzeug muß an der Baustelle warten, bis alle Glasscheiben verbaut sind oder es muß eine sichere Zwischenlagerung der Glasscheiben eingerichtet werden.

The dimensions of the glass sheets intended for the construction often have much larger dimensions than the glass panes for the motor vehicles. It is therefore customary to transport the glass sheets upright to the construction site in a load carrier for construction. The carrier is a frame in which the glass sheets are transported upright. There are vehicles with permanently mounted load carriers, such as those from the DE 20204181 seen. Often the load carriers are unloaded with the glass at the construction site. The carrier has significant disadvantages:

• A designed as a carrier special vehicle is not suitable for other transports. The vehicle must wait at the construction site until all glass panes have been installed or a secure intermediate storage of the glass panes must be established.

The load carriers are rigid and can be mounted or locked onto vehicles, in which the glass is fixed upright. The transport costs for such studs are disproportionately high. It must be calculated that the stands must not only be transported to the site, but must also be picked up again. Furthermore, it must be taken into account that the truck usually used for glass transport is not approximately utilized with the stud and the glass. Not infrequently there are cost offers for glass in which the cost of transporting the glass is just as high as the cost of the glass.

A vehicle with a removable carrier is suitable for other tasks.

However, the charge carrier takes up a great deal of charge space and is an obstacle to an additional charge.
The load carrier is deposited at the construction site. After installation of the glass panes, the load carrier must be picked up again.
Both causes high transport costs. In addition, there are usually significant additional costs if the carriers are not released immediately. The release usually delays as soon as it comes to the glass installation to default. Then you want to store the glass in the load carriers until use, because any other storage involves much greater risk of damage to the glass.

Also on cargo, which consists partly of glass, the same problem arises as in the glass sheets described above. This applies, for example, to photovoltaic elements / solar cells.

With natural stone slabs a similar situation is given as with the glass panes. However, the natural stone slabs are even more sensitive than glass panes due to the inhomogeneity of natural stone slabs. Natural stone slabs of small thickness break even at low bending load. The natural stone slabs are also transported upright in a load carrier to the customer. Natural stone slabs are also widely used as floorboards and window sills in construction.

The edge sensitivity is the biggest damage problem on many items to be transported. This applies, for example, for other disc-shaped cargo.

The invention has for its object to provide a package with which simplifies the transport of edge-sensitive cargo and / or transport costs are reduced while maintaining adequate transport protection.

1. a) die Kanten umfassender Kantenschutz
2. b)bestehend aus nachgiebigem Material, insbesondere mit einem nachgiebigen Kunststoffschaum(Nachgiebigkeitsmaterial), und
3. c)bestehend aus einem Verstärkungsmaterial.
4. d)wobei nachgiebiges Material zumindest teilweise zwischen dem Verstärkungsmaterial- und der zu schützenden Kante angeordnet ist.

This is achieved according to the invention with the features of the main claim. Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims. Essential is a packaging with

1. a) the edges comprehensive edge protection
2. b) consisting of resilient material, in particular with a flexible plastic foam (compliance material), and
3. c) consisting of a reinforcing material.
4. d) wherein resilient material is at least partially disposed between the reinforcing material and the edge to be protected.

Also the DE3344120 shows an edge protection, which contains no packaging, but only carrying aids.

Any pressure that would cause edge damage without edge protection (edge damage pressure) is absorbed by the edge protector. As far as a part of the pressure propagates in the direction of the edge to be protected, this pressure is distributed by the reinforcing material of the edge protection over the compliance material wide on the edges. As a result, the pressure acting on the edges is reduced so much that the edges readily withstand the pressure.

From the DE102006025912 is a permanent edge protection for glass previously known. The known edge protection consists of plastic and a reinforcing profile. Because this edge protection is provided permanently, the glass must be used together with the edge protection in the associated frame. As a result, the possible volume of edge protection is very limited. This applies accordingly to the effect of edge protection. Also the WO2008 / 87370 also shows a permanent edge protection. Such edge protection makes the packaging for transport unnecessary.
Another edge protection is from the DE2646908 known. However, these are cylindrical or cuboid packaged goods which are not comparable with disc-shaped transport goods such as glass panes.
Also the EP502347 describes a packaging for cuboid packaged goods, which is not comparable to disk-like cargo such as glass panes.

An edge protection with plastic foam is known per se. In this case, the cargo is usually full surface covered with plastic foam and then covered with cardboard. The cardboard has a much lower resistance than the plastic foam. That is, throughout the package construction, the plastic foam is the stronger material / reinforcing material over the cardboard and the cardboard the more compliant material / compliance material.
From the DE1953181 is also known as a plastic edge protection for glass, which covers the glass only partially. Compared to conventional packaging, this packaging leaves the glass edges largely unprotected. This is indeed an additional packaging with a offered around wooden box. Experience has shown that such wooden boxes break very easily.
It turns out that the edge protection according to the invention is significantly better than the conventional edge protection.
The compliant layer of the present invention is at least 20% more compliant relative to the reinforcing layer, more preferably at least 40%, still more preferably at least 60%, and most preferably at least 80% more compliant than the reinforcing material. The compliance is understood as a measure of the compression, which experiences a material cube with an edge length of 1cm with flat support when it is subjected to a drop weight of 1kg and with respect to the cube surface parallel interface from a drop height of 10cm.

Advantageous is a multi-layered construction with at least two layers of reinforcing material, wherein not only between the reinforcing material and the edge of the transported good a layer of yielding material is provided, but also a layer of yielding material is provided between the two layers of reinforcing material. This affects the deformation behavior of the edge protection low.

The compliant material is preferably laterally opposite the outer surfaces of the cargo, even more preferably, the edge guard comprises the cargo at its edges. Most preferably, the reinforcing material protrudes laterally relative to the respective outer surface of the transported goods and / or protrudes the reinforcing material into the part of the compliant material that comprises the transported goods.

The reinforcing material may be metallic or made of plastic. The metals used are preferably aluminum and other metals with a low specific weight.

Foamed plastics are preferably used as compliance materials. Foamed polyethylene plastics and polystyrene plastics are already common in the packaging sector. This is due to the low cost of such foams. Conventional packaging foams have a low density (weight per unit of space). Advantageously, the same foams with higher density can serve as reinforcing material. The density is adjusted by the addition of the propellant. The higher the addition of propellant, the lower the volumetric weight and the higher the resilience of the foam. The lower the addition of propellant, the higher the volumetric weight and the lower the compliance.

The reinforcing material may also be organic or inorganic type. Organic reinforcing material may be wood.
Economical are wood profiles, especially in a straight shape. Even simple profiles with a rectangular cross-section can fulfill the desired amplification function. For straight reinforcement profiles, wooden rods, even roof battens, can be a very economical solution. Inorganic reinforcing material may be made of glass fibers, for example. The glass fibers can enclose the pliability material as a mesh fabric and thereby form the reinforcing material described above. The battens are standardized according to DIN 4047-1. Standardization ensures certain dimensions of 30 x 50 mm or 40 x 60 mm. However, most of the roof batts traded on the market are not up to standard. With these battens, an excess of 1 to 2mm is generally to be expected. The greater accuracy according to DIN is advantageous because the reinforcing profile can then slide with much less play in the compliance material or vice versa can let the compliance material push on the reinforcing material. The roof battens are an extremely economical reinforcing material.

Experiments have shown that with the roof battens as a reinforcing material and a compliance material surrounding the battens of an extruded polystyrene foam, a float glass sheet could be dropped without damage. The float glass had a thickness of 6mm and an area of 1 square meter. The polystyrene foam was a common, closed-cell construction foam for the external insulation of buildings with a density of 30kg per cubic meter. Such foam is at least 95% closed-cell. From the density of the properties of the foam, in particular the compliance can be derived. The polystyrene foam had a thickness of 100 mm. The inventively reinforced polystyrene foam was held by a strapping with a 10mm wide and 0.5mm thick tape on the wheel rim.
The drop height was unrealistically high at 2.5m. All the more surprising is the result of the experiments. After the sixth attempt repetition had to be canceled because the strapping had been solved. However, the glass had not taken any damage until then.

Experiments with a sandstone plate with a thickness of 20 were also successful with the same edge protection and multiple strapping with a reduced drop height of 1m, also in repetition.
The strapping is preferably carried out on the long sides.

From the EP216690 and EP530611 Although packaging for glass panes are also known. However, these packages require a torsion-resistant base plate, on which the glass sheets are clamped. It can be seen that packaged during transport is also burdened to twisting. A lesson to move glass panes without torsion-resistant bottom plate is not apparent.

Even better results can be achieved with steel hollow sections or aluminum profiles instead of roof battens. The aluminum profiles have given the steel profiles the advantage of lower weight. However, these metal profiles cause significantly higher packaging costs, so that a return of the packaging to the supplier for their reuse is recommended. In a packaging with edge protection of particle foam and roof battens packaging costs are so low that a disposal instead of recycling comes into consideration.

In the case of curved shapes and / or in the case of more complicated cross sections, the production of the reinforcing material made of plastic, in particular of unfoamed plastic, may be more favorable. To reduce costs, it is advisable to provide the plastic with fillers and / or use recycled material as plastic. The filling material can also be wood. The wood is reduced to a size that can be used in the plant intended for the processing of the plastic. The filler has in the mixture with the plastic at least a proportion of 50% by weight, more preferably of at least 60% by weight, and most preferably a proportion of at least 70% by weight. The plastic used is preferably a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polystyrene.

For the processing of plastic with filler are particularly suitable extrusion systems in which the plastic is mixed with the filler and other additives. The plastic is melted, so that the other mixture proportions can be easily mixed in the plastic. The mixture is then cooled to exit temperature in the extruder and forced through a nozzle which gives the material to be discharged the desired shape. The leaking material cools and retains the acquired shape.
Optionally, the melt can also be injected into a mold. Upon cooling of the melt in the mold, the melt retains the shape of the mold cavity. One speaks of molded parts or of the production by injection molding.

The compliance material consists of foamed plastic, preferably a polyolefin foam such as polystyrene foam. The foam may be a particle foam or an extruded foam. The particle foam consists of a large number of foam particles. The foam particles can be produced in the autoclave. In this case, plastic particles are produced by polymerization of monomers and then loaded with a blowing agent, so that the plastic particles foam when they are left after heating in a pressurized container to the outside.
The foamed particles are filled into a mold cavity having the desired shape of the compliance material provided for edge protection. The particles are usually subjected to superheated steam in the mold cavity, so that the particles melt on the outer surface and stick or weld to adjacent particles. The glued or welded particles take the Shape of the mold cavity. The moldings can be removed from the mold cavity.

The compliant material can also be made as a foam by extrusion.
In this case, plastic is brought under considerable pressure by heating in molten form and mixed with aggregates and with a blowing agent and, as explained above, cooled to outlet temperature, to then be pressed through a nozzle. Upon exiting the extruder, the melt passes from a high pressure region to a region where ambient pressure prevails. Due to the pressure drop, the propellant reacts. It expands and, with simultaneous cooling of the melt, forms a large number of cells in the melt. The expansion is limited by a calibrator, which is modeled on the desired cross-sectional shape of the foam strand.

The mixed with propellant melt can also be injected into a mold that gives the plastic foam forming the desired shape.

For the production of moldings for the compliance material and particle foam can be used. Particle foam consists of foam particles. The foam particles are filled with a certain pressure into a mold which, like the injection mold, corresponds to the desired shape of the plastic parts. In the mold, the foam particles are steamed with superheated steam, so that the foam particles melt on the surface and weld together under the existing pressure.

With the same volume density, an extruded foam has better strength properties than a particle foam.

Conventional extruded foam of polystyrene has a closed cell density of 95% and more, based on the variety of all cells.
For compliance, it may also be advantageous to use a foam that is open-celled more than the 5% of a conventional construction foam. Preferably, the open cell content is then at least 10%, more preferably at least 20% and most preferably at least 30%. That is, of the total number of all the cells in the foam, a part corresponding to the specified% set is not closed but open, so that gas trapped from these cells can escape under stress / pressure.
For cell formation, a propellant gas is used. The propellant gas expands in molten / softened polystyrene when the ambient pressure is correspondingly reduced.
This happens when extruding, when the laden with the propellant melt exits the extruder, in which there is a much higher pressure than the ambient pressure in the surrounding atmosphere.
This occurs in the production of particle foam, when the foaming laden with unexpanded or slightly pre-foamed polystyrene particles are softened in an autoclave and pressure and temperature and then released quickly from the autoclave.
The propellant dose is critical to the question of whether a customary, largely closed-cell construction foam is generated or whether an open-celled foam is generated. In carbon dioxide-containing blowing agents which are customary today, the proportion of blowing agent in the mixture for customary construction foam is between 5 and 8% by weight. By gradually increasing the proportion of blowing agent you can approach the desired open-celledness.
The trapped in the closed cells of the foam usual propellant does not stay there. It diffuses through the cell walls and ambient air diffuses through the closed cell walls. The Diffusion processes take some time. Usually, the utilization of such foam products is waited until the diffusion processes are largely completed.
The open cells have holes in the cell walls. The originally present there blowing agent is displaced very quickly by ambient air. However, the trapped air is also forced out of the cells by mechanical deformation of the foam used as the compliant layer. This facilitates the deformation compared to a closed-cell foam. There the air remains trapped and must stretch the cell walls to yield to the pressure.
Preferably, the open cell content is limited to a maximum of 50%, even more preferably to 60%. Then there are still so many closed cells in the foam, that the foam after its release again forms short term.

The compliant material and the reinforcing material may also be stacked in multiple layers (layered). In this case, the compliance material and / or the reinforcing material may vary or be the same from layer to layer or from layer to layer.
A variation of the compliance material may be given, for example, if a compliance layer / layer is also formed as a cushioning layer. The damping layer differs from conventional plastic foam in that when a deformation of the layer and subsequent discharge no abrupt
Rebound / recovery occurs, but only with considerable delay a recovery / recovery takes place. With such a damping property prevents the packaging gets together with the packaged goods, for example after a fall in vibration. The vibration can lead to a hopping, so that sensitive float glass is not burdened solely by the fall, but by subsequent hopping and burping on the ground.
The desired damping properties have, for example, an open-cell foam layer as described above.

Optionally, the reinforcing material may comprise the compliance material or vice versa. Alternatively, the reinforcing material may also be contained in the compliance material or vice versa.
When the packaging is produced in sections, it may be advantageous if two adjacent sections engage one section in the other. This can be used to connect the packaging sections in the longitudinal direction. This can also be used to connect packages that are next to each other.
The compound may be permanent or solvable.
For the connection pins or pins may be used, the pins or pins may be formed on a packaging portion and engage in corresponding openings of the adjacent, adjacent packaging section. It can also be used separate pins and pins, which engage in opposite openings of two adjacent packaging sections. Several pins simultaneously prevent twisting of the packaging sections against each other. Off-center pins also prevent a rotation of the packaging sections against each other. Moreover, with pins whose cross section (for example, a polygonal cross section) deviates from a circular cross section, twisting of the packaging sections against each other can likewise be prevented. Through a rotationally secure connection, the properties of the interconnected packaging sections approach the properties of a one-piece packaging part of the same length as the interconnected packaging sections.

A further approximation can be achieved if the pins and pins are held firmly in the corresponding packaging sections. This can be achieved by thickening the pins or pins which result in a press fit in the corresponding packing sections. Optionally, the pins or pins with their thickening can also engage in undercuts of the recesses in the corresponding packaging sections.

As stated above, it is favorable if the edge of the packaged item to be protected is first covered with yielding material and combined with reinforcing material at a distance from the edge to be protected. The reinforcing material and the compliance material may, however, also comprise one another or simultaneously engage one another at the same time. Preferably, the compliance material is formed in cross-section as a symmetrical profile body and takes this profile body in each case at least one reinforcing profile in an opening. Optionally, two reinforcing profiles are provided in two spaced openings of the edge protector.
Advantageously, can be pushed onto the reinforcing material forming profile body packing sections of compliance material (thread) and connect with each other.
Optionally, the packaging sections can also already be arranged one behind the other, and then a profile body forming the reinforcing material can be pushed through the associated opening in the packaging sections.

It is also the use of plastic foam for the reinforcement profiles possible. The necessary strength of the reinforcing profiles forming plastic foam obtained by a corresponding higher density and / or by a profiling of the profiles on the outer surfaces. The skin formation occurs when the outer surfaces are heated to the point that the foam collapses in this area. For this purpose, rapid heating is advantageous. For this technique is favorable that the plastic foam has a very low thermal conductivity. The skin formation causes after cooling a considerable stiffening of the outer surface. The cooling can be accelerated with aids.
Optionally, instead of skinning or additionally a stiffening can also be achieved by a coating of the Verkärkungsprofile plastic foam.
As a coating, unfoamed films or textiles are suitable. Favorable are films and textiles, which also consist of plastic and are laminated onto the reinforcing profiles. For laminating counts according to the invention, a welding as well as a bond.
But even metallic films can be laminated on plastic foam profiles. The connection between metal and plastic foam can be effected by adhesive. Because of the details of the laminating technique, reference is made to the following publications: DE602004013008 . DE202010008929 . DE202010008532 . DE20200900339 . DE20200900692 . DE202008017621 . DE2020080016r847 . DE202008013755 . DE202008012066 . DE202008004965 . DE20200701806r4 . DE202006017392 . DE1020111199668 . DE102011100025 . DE102010053740 . DE 102020050874 . DE102010030310 . DE102009046413 . DE1020090141574 ,

The strong outer layer can also be a plastic foam with the same flexibility as the compliance material to a reinforcing material.

The intended for the compliance material plastic foam is, for example, a polystyrene foam with a density of 25 to 40 kg per cubic meter. The polystyrene foam may be conventional foam having a closed cell density of at least 95% based on the number of cells. To achieve an increased damping behavior, the foam may have a greater open cell density than 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, based on the number of cells. Preferably, the package includes the edge of the cargo to be protected U-shaped, so that the edge protection according to the invention can not only absorb forces that extend in the plane of the disk-shaped cargo (for example glass), but can also absorb forces which extend transversely thereto.
The reinforcing material may have a similar or similar shape as the packaging in order to withstand the forces extending transversely to the plane of the disc-shaped transport goods. The invention has recognized that sufficient protection is already achieved when the reinforcing material protrudes transversely to the plane of the disc-shaped transport goods with respect to the transported material and also has adhesion via the compliant material with the transported goods. In this sense, the above-described wooden profiles with a rectangular cross section (roof battens with a cross section of 30 × 50 mm or 40 × 60 mm) may be sufficient for the edge protection according to the invention. The simultaneously desired adhesion between the compliant material / foam and reinforcing material / wood is achieved by embedding the wood profiles or the reinforcing material in the compliance material. In this case, the compliance material can form the part with which the packaging comprises the edge to be protected.

The reinforcing material may be firmly connected to the compliance material. But it can also be as in the case of the above-mentioned wood profiles reinforcement by separate (loosely sitting in the package profiles of organic material or inorganic material or metal or plastic are formed.

It is also within the scope of the invention that in addition to the described reinforcing profiles to make a different reinforcement of the compliance material. Preferably, the other reinforcement is achieved by the already described skin formation and / or by laminating films and / or testicles.

Likewise, within the scope of the invention, a reinforcement is also to be made by enveloping the compliance material with films or textiles.

Optionally, the compliance material and / or the reinforcing material may be composed of different parts.

In the case of the reinforcing material, this has already been illustrated using the example of various materials. But also the compliance material can be composed of separate parts.

The multi-part design can be used regardless of the type of material. The multi-part design can be used to bring together materials of different nature or to gain rationalization advantages.

For large series, a rationalization gain is achieved by the one-piece production of the edge protection.

With a smaller series, a rationalization advantage is obtained, for example, for different widths / thicknesses / heights for the production of the Edge protection different profiles are connected together. Preferably, the same as possible profiles are used and fittings are used with which the different widths / thicknesses / heights are generated.
Advantageously, the system is applicable to different Querschn itte, for example, on round cross sections and square cross sections, rectangular cross sections, square cross sections, other triangular, square and polygonal cross sections.
Optionally, this system also applies to individual profile cross-sections. Each profile cross-section can be composed of several profiles. In this case, the profiles which form the ends of a profile cross-section may be referred to as side profiles and the profiles which form the adapters between the side profiles may be referred to as center profiles.
The profiles can be the same or different.

In the frame, identical or different side profiles (profiles which form at least one outer side on the packaging) and identical or different center profiles can be used. The center profiles can be the same and be supplemented with different side profiles to form an overall profile.

The same applies to internal profiles, external profiles and other center profiles.

Optionally, the various profiles are connected permanently or detachably. Preferably, the permanent connection is made by welding or gluing. Preferably, the releasable connection is made by telescoping the profiles.

In the application of this teaching to foam profiles this means: the foam starting profiles can be joined by welding or gluing to form the edge protection overall profile. When welding, the welding surfaces must be melted. When melting foam surfaces, it should be borne in mind that, depending on the duration of the process, more or fewer cells collapse at the welding surface and therefore a reduction in thickness is to be expected. The reduction in thickness is taken into account by using thicker starting profiles, so that the resulting overall profiles get the desired dimensions. The correct initial dimension can be determined with a few tests.
The necessary heating of the welding surfaces can be generated by contact with heated welding tools, but also with radiant heat or hot gas. Hot gas welding also makes it easy to achieve even complex welding surfaces.

When gluing the initial profiles different adhesives can be used. With adhesives, even with hot adhesives, a melting of the adhesive surfaces / bonding surfaces is prevented at the output profiles, as long as the application temperature of the adhesive are below the melting temperature of the compliance material.
Particularly high bond strengths can be achieved with reactive adhesives. However, the reaction adhesives are usually more expensive than other adhesives. Hot melt adhesives are inexpensive and have proven themselves many times. In addition, the gluing has the advantage that different, not or only poorly weldable materials can be interconnected. This applies, for example, to the connection of plastic with metal.
That gives further design freedom.

Another example relates to the adaptation of the edge protector to different thicknesses of the disk-shaped transport goods (for example glass). Optionally located in the edge protection one of the largest thickness of the protected cargo to be protected recess for receiving the cargo at their edge to be protected. For smaller thicknesses, an insert is optionally provided in the recess for the edge to be protected (for example, the glass edge). The insert fills the recess so far that the edge protection can be placed on the edge closing or vice versa, the disc-shaped cargo can be closed in the recess of the edge protection.
Optionally, the recess in the edge protection for receiving the edge is also stepped. Then, the opening in the edge protector tapers in at least one step, so that the recess with the largest opening width, for example, can receive glass sheets with a thickness of 8 mm and can receive in the underlying taper a glass pane with a thickness of 6mm.

The reinforcing material may also consist of plastic foam. It is then preferably a foam of greater density than the foam used for the compliance material, preferably at least 20% higher density, more preferably at least 40% higher density.

Optionally, the reinforcing material is also formed by an above described skinning of the foam-made compliance material. In this case, the foam forming the resilience material is melted on at least one edge, so that the foam collapses. The resulting skin is largely unfoamed and gives the edge protection the desired strength.

• DE19849149 , DE19726959 , DE19726415 , DE19539511 , DE DE10315090 , DE10251505 , DE10245470 , DE10151334 , DE DE10124061 , DE10106341 , DE10003808 , DE2032243 .

When using extruded plastic foam profiles for edge protection according to the invention, it is advantageous to use an extrusion die with downstream calibrator, wherein the calibrator of the shape of the desired profile is at least so far simulated that a part of the outer surfaces of the pliability material forming profile strands may remain unprocessed. These are at least the surfaces which form the side surfaces and the peripheral outer surface in the finished packaging for a disk-shaped packaged product. On the unprocessed sides remains from the extrusion process, a so-called extrusion skin, which may be sufficient for the reinforcement of the compliance material. The extrusion skin is formed because the emerging from the extrusion die of the extruder, foaming agent-laden melt foams, thereby forming the plastic foam. The increase in volume associated with foaming ends as soon as the melt touches the tempered surfaces of the downstream calibrator. There the foaming process ends, while the foaming process in the interior of the leaked melt strand can continue somewhat with influence on the distribution of the cells and their shape and size. Depending on the temperature control (temperature control in the calibrator), an extrusion skin with much greater density than in the interior of the finished extruded profile and / or a non-foamed skin layer is formed.
For details of possible extrusion skin, reference is made to the following references:

• DE19849149 . DE19726959 . DE19726415 . DE19539511 , DE DE10315090 . DE10251505 . DE10245470 . DE10151334 , DE DE10124061 . DE10106341 . DE10003808 . DE2032243 ,

The type and thickness of the extrusion skin can be adjusted with just a few tests of the respective desired reinforcement of the compliance layer. During the Production of the plastic foam need not necessarily be taken into account that the edge of the packaged goods side facing the pliability layer forming plastic foam profile has best compliance conditions and therefore is free of extrusion skin. The extrusion skin can then be easily removed. This is common in plastic foam products. The extrusion skin is milled off regularly and the resulting waste is recycled. The invention utilizes the resulting during extrusion and usually otherwise removed material layer optionally as a reinforcement.

As long as the necessary quantities for an extrusion of the profiles according to the invention is not achieved, it may be appropriate to work out the profiles of commercially available products such as extrusionshautlosen foam boards. In that case, a desired reinforcement can be made by skinning the desired areas. The surfaces to be reinforced are melted by appropriate heating. As a result, a reinforcing skin forms on the desired surfaces. The heating can be done with hot air or hot gas. A heating of the surfaces to be covered by contact with a heated object is possible. Suitable objects for heat transfer include, for example, heated rollers.

As far as the resulting plastic foam strand at the points where a groove described below is provided, wearing an extrusion skin or subsequently generated skin, the extrusion skin can be milled there as well as in the area where the packaged goods to be received. Instead of milling, other metal-removing deformation processes such as, for example, sawing come into consideration. Alternatively to the cutting deformation of the calibrator can there a groove be molded so that the extrusion skin can remain there and contribute to the reinforcement. However, this requires for manufacturing reasons a significant rounding at the cross-sectional corners of the groove, which can even be used as an advantage, because the curves are favorable for the tear-resistance of the plastic foam strand to the groove.
If nevertheless sharp-edged corners are desired, the corners can optionally be machined. If the machining is limited to the corners, the existing between the corners extrusion skin may remain and advantageously contribute to the reinforcement

According to an embodiment which is not according to the invention, instead of or in addition to the extruded plastic foam strands described above, the plastic foam strands / profiles can also be made of particle foam.
Particle foam arises from the combination of foam particles with a usual size of 0.5 to 12mm, preferably 2 to 5mm, a molding machine. The foam particles are usually prepared in large volume autoclave by polymerizing plastic monomers in suspension using pressure and heating. In the process, particles agglomerate. At the same time or later, the particles are loaded with propellant, so that the particles foam after exiting the autoclave to plastic foam particles. These foam particles are available in large quantities. One of the major suppliers is BASF, which offers the foam particles in various qualities and dimensions, among others under the well-known Styropor brand.
The finished foam particles are connected in a variant in large-volume molding machines to blocks together. This is done by steaming with superheated steam. The superheated steam causes a melting of the Foam particles on their surface. Under simultaneous pressure, the foam particles in the mold weld into blocks. If the pressure and / or the temperature for the welding is too low, the foam particles usually stick together. The resulting blocks are usually cut into panels that are used for insulation purposes in construction. Conventionally, the blocks are cut by means of sawing in plates.

As long as the required quantities are available for a special production, the desired plastic foam strands / profiles can be cut from the commercially available plates made of particle foam For larger quantities, the purchase of forms pays off with a mold cavity, which reproduces the desired shape of the profiles. In such forms can optionally also be caused a skin formation in which takes place at desired areas, a heating of the mold walls. The heating is then preferably after the application of hot steam to the particles for welding the particles.
Incidentally, the subsequent skinning done in the same manner as in the extruded material profiles. That is to say, the profiles, like the profiles explained above, can be provided on the desired surfaces by melting foam with a skin.

Preferably, at least the disassembly of the sheets of extruded plastic foam, as well as the disassembly of the sheets of particulate foam, even more preferably the disassembly of the blocks
Plastic foam, by cutting by means of filament instead. The filament is preferably heated electrically so far that the plastic foam melts under its touch. This can be used for cutting plastic foam become. For details, reference is made to the following references:
DE102004050867 . DE19803915 . DE19607897 . DE19607896 . DE9110930 . DE6903524 . DE2741725 . DE1162064 ,
The cutting technique can also be used for the above-intended slicing of blocks into slabs and / or for slicing the slabs into strands. However, the cutting technique is relatively slow relative to cutting by sawing.
According to the invention, this cutting technique is used for trimming by increasing the heating of the filament and / or using a thicker filament. The greater heating and the thickness of the filament allow much more material to be melted than in a conventional filament cut, so that a skin / skin formation can be produced with few attempts, which corresponds to the strength described below or corresponds to the strength of the reference films.
Optionally, plastic foam strands of particle foam, which are intended to serve as a compliance material, can also be produced directly in the molding machine, even with skin formation. For the plastic foam strands relatively simple forms are sufficient. That is, molded parts are produced in the molding machine, which immediately have the shape of the plastic foam strands, resulting from the above-described slicing of blocks.
The molding machine for this purpose has a different mold cavity than the molding machines for the above-described blocks of particle foam. The cavity is then much smaller, adapted to the volume of the desired plastic foam strands.

• DE10247190 , DE10247190 , DE10226202 , DE3022017 .

For the skinning of the molding surface, the walls of the mold are provided with a temperature control at the location desired for the casing. For tempering the associated walls of the molding machine are designed for example as hollow chambers and flowed through with tempering, so that the walls can be heated or cooled as needed to heat the foam particles at the desired point so far that within the mold on the surface of the molded part a melting and a skinning takes place. In order to accelerate the cooling of the molded part to the ejection temperature, it is expedient, after being cut, to cool the walls of the automatic molding machine. This can be done by directing coolant into the walls of the molding machine.
Because of the further details of the skinning of moldings made of particle foam in the molding machine reference is made to the following documents:

• DE10247190 . DE10247190 . DE10226202 . DE3022017 ,

Preferably, all methods described above are provided with a skin which provides at least the same reinforcement as with a 0.3 mm thick unfoamed film (reference film thickness) made of the same plastic as the compliance material. Even more preferably, a reference film thickness of at least 0.6 mm and most preferably of at least 0.9 mm is provided.

By combining with another layer of foam, the reinforcing skin created by skinning can be placed inside the edge protector. A desired connection can in turn be generated by welding or gluing.
It may be beneficial for the stability of the edge protection, if a skin on at least two opposite surfaces of the foam layer takes place. The greater the distance of the two opposing reinforcing skins, the better the resistance to bending.

However, the further layer of foam provided on the inside of a layer of skin covering may also rest loosely on the skin. This is the case, for example, if the insert described above (for receiving different edges to be protected) is also used as such a foam layer. It is advantageous if the insert is covered by the foam layer U-shaped.

Optionally, the plastic foam can also be given a desired strength layer by a laminated foil or textile. For the lamination of the film or the textile, the above proposals for skin care apply accordingly. That is, a film coating or textile coating is favorable, preferably on two opposite surfaces. In this case, an inner layer of a film or textile can be produced with the aid of a further foam layer. The inner layer is created when a film or textile is sandwiched between two foam layers.
The films may include unfoamed films and foamed films. The foamed films can have a higher strength even with the same other nature compared to the profiles of plastic foam, if they have a higher density.

The usable textiles include all nonwoven, woven, knitted, braided and knitted fabrics. Preferably, textiles are used which have a low elongation in at least one direction, preferably in two directions. Particularly advantageous are mesh fabrics with threads that run transversely to each other and as straight as possible in the fabric. Further advantages arise when the mesh fabric is attached to the package so that the threads run in the main stress directions. As main stress directions, in the case of a disk-shaped packaged product which is surrounded by a frame-like packaging, the parts of the packaging running along one edge are considered. Accordingly, the lattice fabrics are attached to the package or wrapped around the package such that the one threads in the fabric are parallel to the longitudinal direction of one edge and the other threads are parallel to the adjacent transverse edge. Each impact against the packaging causes a molding into the packaging. In this case, the mesh fabric absorbs a substantial part of the load and distributes the load over the length of the threads over a large area of the package, so that the impact energy is distributed over a large area and a bundled load of the edge to be protected is prevented.
Although the distribution of impact energy to the package is better with laminated yarns having odd running threads than with packages without laminated textiles, the distribution of impact energy in the straight filaments of the mesh fabric is still significantly better than fabrics with odd running threads.

The edge protection according to the invention is set as a frame around the disk-shaped transport goods to be protected, for example the glass pane. It is possible to assemble the peripheral edge protection in sections. For straight edges, uniform profiles can be used as edge protectors, which can be cut to length from an initial profile as needed. The need arises from the lengths of the straight edges on the cargo, for example a glass. If desired, the edge protect portions for the straight edges may also be combined with edge protect portions for curved edges. The curved edge protection sections can be used with a small number in Special production are produced, with larger numbers it is worthwhile to produce the edge protection according to the invention immediately with a corresponding curvature.

1. a)ob die Abschnitte an den Ecken des Kantenschutzes für ein Transportgut, zum Beispiel für eine Glasscheibe, unmittelbar aneinander stoßen und die zu schützende Kante als Einzelprofil von Ecke zu Ecke überspannen, wobei noch zu unterscheiden ist, ob es sich an Ecken um stumpf gegeneinander stoßende Abschnitte des Kantenschutzes oder an den Ecken um Abschnitte handelt, die an der Stoßstelle auf Gehrung geschnitten sind
   oder
2. b)ob die Abschnitte an den Ecken des Kantenschutzes für ein Transportgut gegen ein Eckstück stoßen und die zu schützende Kante zwischen den Ecken auf der Gesamtlänge zwischen Eckstück und Eckstück als Einzelprofil überspannen oder
3. c)ob die Abschnitte nach a) und b) noch in weitere Abschnitte unterteilt sind. Dies kann als modulares Konzept bezeichnet werden, bei dem die Module beliebig miteinander und gegebenenfalls mit Paßstücken kombiniert werden können.

The length of the edge protection sections depends on

1. a) whether the sections at the corners of the edge protector for a cargo, for example, a glass, abut directly against each other and span the protected edge as a single profile from corner to corner, which is still to distinguish whether it is at corners around blunt against each other abutting portions of the edge protector or at the corners are sections cut at the joint miter
   or
2. b) whether the sections at the corners of the edge protection for a cargo to push against a corner piece and span the edge to be protected between the corners on the total length between the corner piece and corner piece as a single profile or
3. c) whether the sections according to a) and b) are divided into further sections. This can be referred to as a modular concept, in which the modules can be combined with each other and possibly with fitting pieces.

The length of the sections has a significant influence on the nature and extent of production. The more individual productions are required, the more complex the production becomes. According to the invention, a distinction is made between the corners or the area between the corners.
In the case of a modular composition of the packaging according to the above variant c), the aim is to put the packaging together between two corners / corner pieces from as many identical sections as possible.
It can find the same and different corner pieces application.

The corner pieces may include a right angle or other angle between them. The corner pieces can also have different leg lengths. The corner pieces can also form the connection for differently shaped packaging pieces, for example for curved and for straight packaging pieces / sections.
Relative to a single package for a rectangular disc shape result in two equal broadsides and can be set the two equal long long sides of broadsides and a complementary fitting piece together. The fitting then has the difference length between the broad side dimension and long side length. These adapters are other adapters than the above-mentioned and designated as the center profile of a packaging profile cross-sections fittings.
With respect to a single package, the difference of the above modular composition may be small compared to a custom manufacture of one-piece long-side packaging. With regard to a number of different packages in the broad sides and the long sides, however, the advantages of the modular construction become apparent, and indeed the advantages are greater the greater the number of different packages in the broad sides and in the long sides. In addition, the size of the advantage of using the same portions depends on the manner of manufacturing the portions and the design of the portions.
The system according to the invention is also applicable to packages with different sides.
According to the invention, the long sides as well as the broad sides of a package with butted sections of sections put together so that (except for one extreme case) for several packages whose broad side lengths and long side lengths differ, used on each side of the package at least one same section module can be. Depending on broadside length and long side length can also each side several section modules are used. Insofar as a piece remains open on one side for which a further identical section module is too large, a fitting is used instead of another section module. For very small required fittings, it may be appropriate to use a fitting, which has the length of a section module plus the length of the otherwise required very small fitting. Such very small fittings preferably have a length which is less than 0.5 times (average thickness at different thicknesses) thickness of the section module, even more preferably a length which is less than 0.25 times (average) thickness of the section module.

The above-mentioned extreme case for the number of section modules and fittings is given when the section module has the same length as the broad side of a package.
In the case of using corner-forming sections to be mitred at the joint, the above considerations apply to the modules and the fittings for the length between the corner-forming sections on each side of the package. Although it is also possible to use corners forming sections at the same time as fittings. Because of the particular situation with a shock load at a corner, however, additional fittings are preferably provided so that the fittings forming the corners can remain untouched.
The same applies if special corner pieces are provided at the corners and the sections butt against the corner pieces.

For longer broad sides of a package, several section modules can be used per broadside. Then the various sections except for a fitting all the same length.

For the larger long sides, which are always larger than the broad sides with a rectangular disk shape, the explanations regarding the number of section modules for larger broadsides apply even more.

Preferably, the reinforcing profiles / reinforcing material serve as a guide and support for the various section modules and fittings on one side of the package. Then, the reinforcing profiles forming the reinforcing material extend from one corner of the disk-shaped material to be conveyed (for example the glass pane) to the other corner of the disk-shaped material to be conveyed, optionally, individual reinforcing profiles can also extend beyond that. This is preferably true for the reinforcing profile at the bottom of the package. The various sections can be advantageously pushed onto the reinforcing profile and thereby experience the desired guidance and support.

This has extraordinary economic benefits for making small series because it can reduce waste: the sections intended for the compliance material are likely to be cut to length for a small batch from a commercially available source material. The starting material may be commercially available extruded plastic foam sheets or plastic foam sheets of particulate foam or extruded foam which are cut into bar stock. From the bar stock, the desired sections or section modules can be cut to length. Then a remainder remains in most cases, but does not have to be disposed of according to the invention, but can be used with other residues and / or other sections as a compliant material, without causing significant loss of function. These residues then become other residues and / or others Sections pushed onto the profiles, which form the reinforcing material. Alternatively, the profiles can be pushed into the sections.
The mentioned residues may also be usable parts of a returned packaging. Depending on the design and value of a packaging, it may be a disposable packaging or a reusable packaging. Reusable packaging, however, is expected to wear some or some damage. The worn and damaged parts of the packaging are then preferably sorted out and the remaining parts in the above sense preferably treated as a remainder.
The same applies if delivery problems exist. Then missing parts for new packaging can be supplemented by withdrawn packaging parts.
As far as the cargo always has the same dimensions, a withdrawn undamaged packaging can be easily shipped again with new cargo. However, the invention has recognized that a large part of cargo such as flat glass with ordered dimensions must be put on the way. When taking back such packaging, there is a lack of easy reuse.
The packaging section of the present invention provides an advantageous solution for reuse by allowing the package to disassemble the returned package. Thereafter, the accrued sections and corner pieces can be put together to form new packaging for differently sized cargo or be put together with fresh sections to a new packaging for differently sized cargo together.

For disposable packaging, easy disposal is important. The disposal depends very much on the plastic used. That's how it works Polyethylene (PE), for example, burn easily. The same applies to polystyrene (PS). While polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) require either a complex special combustion or a complex flue gas cleaning or expensive disposal as hazardous waste. At the same time, because of the costs, only economically favorable bulk plastics come into consideration.
For reusable packaging, the situation is different again. Here you can also resort to a better plastic such as polypropylene (PP), which offers better mechanical properties than polyethylene and polystyrene. Also, bulk plastics such as PU and PVC come into consideration because their cost is distributed over a variety of packaging operations. However, requires the use of more expensive plastics for a reusable wrapping of the cargo, that the wrapper can be solved after transport in a reusable manner of the cargo.
The release of the plastic foam from the transported material can be facilitated by an intermediate release agent, for example a layer of silicone paper.

Back to the disposable packaging with wrapping of the transported goods with particle foam made of PE and PS: Both plastics are not only inexpensive. They can also be processed at a low temperature level as particle foam and extruded foam and appear to be safe for transporting goods such as glass panes. In the case of the production of the packaging made of particle foam, however, steam control requires particular attention. The superheated steam serves to weld the particles lying in a mold together. In conventional forms, the superheated steam is supplied on one side and withdrawn on the other side. Once the structural design of the mold and / or inserts in the mold disturb the flow of steam, This can affect the weld between the foam particles.
Optionally, however, sufficient steaming is ensured: the steam is introduced through the wall of the mold into the mold. Thus, the steam is not jammed at the cargo so that a disturbance in the steam guide, the wall can be acted upon in sections with steam and next to each surface section for the supply of superheated steam, a surface section for the extraction of steam can be used. The extracted steam has given off its heat to the particle foam. The steaming takes place as steam for a predetermined time. Thereafter, the evaporation is set and finds at the surface portion, which until then the steam supply was a vapor extraction. At the same time, the hitherto carried out vapor extraction of the adjacent surface portion is adjusted and fed instead via this surface portion of superheated steam. For this procedure, each surface section is preferably equipped both with steam nozzles and with suction openings. To the steam nozzles lead other, preferably insulated lines than to the suction. This prevents the steam nozzles and the steam supply ducts from overcooling after the steam pulse has been adjusted and the steam at the beginning of the next steam burst being too low. The alternating at the adjacent surface portions of steam bursts and suction operations are repeated several times if necessary, so as to ensure that the foam particles in the form enter into the desired connection with each other. The duration of the steam bursts and the steam temperature, the vapor pressure, the induced draft, the size of the surface sections of the mold and the number of surface sections and the size and density of the foam particles and the number of steam burst changes are optimized with some experiments. For the dosage of the steam bursts and the suction processes are provided in the steam pipes and the suction lines to the different surface portions of the mold adjustable / controllable valves.

Advantageously, the use in sections of the mold walls for the supply of superheated steam and / or the discharge of the superheated steam allows an immediate foaming of the packaged goods with particle foam. The packaging material is placed in the mold and the remaining cavity filled with foam particles and the foam particles are then welded together by the superheated steam. The glass as a packaged product has such a high heat resistance that it is not damaged by the hot steam.
The above coating / coating of objects with particle foam can also apply to other objects regardless of the present packaging.

According to the concept described above, the cargo can be wrapped over the entire surface or part of the surface with compliance material.

• a)durch Verhautung
• b)durch vollflächig oder teilflächig aufkaschierte weitere Schichten,
• c)durch teilflächig mit dem Kunststoffschaum verschweißte oder verklebte Folien oder Textilien mit einer Spannung
• c)durch vollflächige oder teilflächige Einhüllung mit einem losen Textil oder Folie und deren Verspannung mit einer Umreifung, einem Spannband oder einem Spanngurt

After forming the wrapped with plastic foam cargo can be a reinforcement of the plastic foam layer in the manner described above

• a) by skinning
• b) by further layers, which are laminated over the whole area or part of the area,
• c) by partially welded to the plastic foam or bonded films or textiles with a tension
• c) by full or partial wrapping with a loose textile or film and their tension with a strapping, a strap or a strap

For details of the skinning reference is made to the above statements. The same applies with regard to the entire surface or partially laminated layers.
It is also explained how, by means of welded or glued foil or textiles and their tension, reinforcement of the plastic foam layer, in particular the cohesion of sections of the packaging, can be effected.
The wrapping of packaging with packaged goods / transport goods in a loose film or loose textile is carried out according to the invention with connection of the overlapping film ends or textile ends.
Overlapping film ends are preferably welded or glued. Overlapping textile ends can also be welded depending on their condition. Textiles made of glass fibers are not welded in practice. Textiles made of organic fibers are not welded in practice either. However, the bonding of textiles of all kinds is possible. If the textiles show too large mesh sizes for a bond, it is advisable to interpose narrow-meshed connecting pieces.
If sufficient, the textiles can be stitched together. Instead of stitching, connection may also be made by needling, knitting, knitting, embroidering and other known textile processing techniques. In the case of a lack of suitability for an immediate connection of the textile ends, intermediate pieces are again helpful. These can be textiles with a small mesh size, which can be connected as an intermediate piece with both textile ends.

By virtue of the strapping or enclosure according to the invention with a tightening strap or tensioning belt and the optionally provided covering with shrink film, other film or textiles, an edge protection composed of sections and remainders behaves with regard to Compliance material such as an edge protector that extends integrally from one corner of the package to the other corner of the package.
The connection of an edge protection section according to the invention belonging to an edge to be protected with the edge protection sections according to the invention belonging to an adjacent edge to be protected can be effected at their ends, with which the sections belonging to the one edge to be protected and the sections belonging to the other edge to be protected touch.

The connection can be made to the reinforcement profiles.
The reinforcing profiles can be fastened together with conventional screws and nails. The reinforcing profiles can also interlock at the corners of the edges to be protected, so that for the connection screws and nails or the like means are completely or partially unnecessary. In this case, the one reinforcing profiles at the ends with pins or hooks can engage in openings or eyelets at the ends of the adjacent reinforcing profile. It is favorable if the eyelets and openings on the vertical reinforcing profiles and the pins are located on the horizontal reinforcing profiles. In the case of using hooks, these can occur on both the vertical and the horizontal reinforcing profiles and cooperate with openings or loops in the adjacent reinforcing profiles, without the risk of unintentional release of the connection.

With sufficient strapping, any additional connection of the edge protector to the ends of the reinforcement profiles can be dispensed with. The same applies if the packaging is held together with a strap or with a strap. The same applies if an equal acting wrapping the packaging is provided with a film or a textile.
The individual sections of the edge protector can then abut against one another loosely at the corners of the edges to be protected. In this case, the ends of one section may butt against the ends of the other sections. The ends can also be cut mitred and thus push each other loosely. The strapping or enclosure with a strap or strap then forms a sufficient connection of the entire edge protection. The blunt bump is regularly the easiest and most economical push. A miter kick can result in significant debris that can not be reused.

In the case of the above-described, particularly economical wood profiles as a reinforcing material can also be a method of application that leads to small series without support of auxiliary devices to a reliable length determination of the reinforcing profiles and the seated thereon compliance material. In this case, first of all, at one corner of the edge to be protected, the edge protection section is butted at its end against the adjacent end of the adjacent edge protection section. This happens at two mutually perpendicular edge protection portions preferably so that the edge protection portion, on the side of the other edge protection portion abuts, with its end face flush with the outside of the adjacent edge protection portion. Thereafter, this flush-fitting edge protection portion at the opposite end, which corresponds to an adjacent corner of the transported good cut so that this end butt against the projecting at this adjacent corner opposite this corner end of the next edge protection portion. It repeats the shock, as it has been prepared before. This is continued until the transported goods (for Example, the glass pane) is enclosed on the edge to be protected with an edge protection frame.
For profiles other than wood profiles as reinforcing material, the same procedure may be used. The other profiles, as described elsewhere, may for example be made of metal, plastic, other organic material or inorganic material. Metal is preferably used for stone slabs and the like packaged goods with high weight and comparatively low strength.

The connection of the edge protection sections can be promoted at the corners of the cargo / packaged goods (for example, the glass) by special corners / corner pieces of the packaging, which include the reinforcing profiles.
The corners / corner pieces comprise with one part a piece of the one edge to be protected (for example the glass edge) and with the other part a piece of the adjacent other edge to be protected.

The corners / corner pieces may have the same texture as the rest of the yielding material of the edge protection portions. The corners / corner pieces may also be provided with a higher strength to meet additional tasks in the connection of the edge protection portions at the corners of the edges to be protected. An additional burden arises when strapping or by a strap or a strap. The strapping or the strap or the strap must be pulled over the corners with appropriate deformation. This causes an additional load on the corners / corner pieces. As a result, the corners can be damaged or deformed so that no longer the same flexibility performance is guaranteed as elsewhere on the edge protection. To prevent this, if necessary, with an edge protection made of plastic foam a higher density and / or a skinning and / or a laminated films and / or a laminated textile be provided. Alternatively, at the corners / corner pieces of compliance material on the outside also provides a solid corner protection. The corner protector can be made of metal or plastic. The corner protection can be glued or laminated. The corner protection can also rest loosely on the corners / corner pieces and be held in the protective position by the strapping, by the strap or the strap or by the wrapping with foil or textile.
The corner protector also has advantages if the edge protector according to the invention is used without the special corners / corner pieces explained above.

The corners / corner pieces have disk-shaped transport goods such as glass, two pads for edge protection sections or for reinforcing profiles.

Advantageously, the edge protection according to the invention is also applicable to transport goods / packaging goods, which unlike discs have a greater three-dimensional extent.
Then more pads for edge protection sections, for example, three pads for edge protection sections or for reinforcing profiles are provided at the corners / corner pieces. In two pads which come into contact with a corner / corner piece edge protection sections lie in a plane. For corners / corner pieces with three pads the third pad is mounted so that the associated edge protection portion is perpendicular to the plane of the other two edge protection sections.

In disc-shaped, square cargo resulting in application of the corners / corner pieces four corners / corner pieces.

The corners / corner pieces are preferably at least partially provided with through recesses for the reinforcement material forming reinforcing profiles. The through recesses have the advantage of easier production. In addition, the adaptation of battens and the like reinforcing profiles can be facilitated to the necessary length with through recesses by butting the battens at one end in the manner described above and at the other end, which protrudes from the corner / Eckstücken, are severed Example be sawn off.

Blind holes in the corners / corner pieces can also be provided for the reinforcing profiles. The reinforcing profiles used in connection with such corners / corner pieces and blind holes preferably have a pre-determined length.

As stated above, the reinforcing profiles can be connected to each other at the ends or loosely abut each other. When "loosely-abutting" the edge protection sections are held by a strapping or a strap or a strap in the functional position. For edge protection sections, whose reinforcement profiles are held together by screws, nails or by hooks, pins, eyes and exceptions, the strapping, tensioning strap or straps are additionally used.

In the packaging with corners / corner pieces, which are provided in the form described above with three pads, the same applies:

The reinforcing profiles can lie with the ends loose in the corners / corner pieces and are held together with a strapping, strap or strap.

The reinforcing profiles can also be fastened to each other in the corners / corner pieces or firmly connected to the corners / corner pieces. Then the additional strapping, the additional strap or the additional strap is still beneficial.

Surprisingly, it has been shown in tests that at average loads of the edge protection even with loose juxtaposition of the edge protection sections by the strapping, the strap and a tension belt sufficient connection of the edge protection portion is ensured with the transported.

Preferably, all edge protection sections are stretched with the strapping, the strap or the strap against the edges to be protected of the transported goods.

Alternatively, several strapping, straps or straps are provided. The strapping, straps and straps are arranged side by side / parallel with disc-shaped transport goods. The multiple arrangement is preferably used for very wide edge protection application. In addition, especially in the case of large packaged goods and correspondingly large packings, additional strapping, straps or straps for reinforcement may also be appropriate in the center. This is especially true in the application of central stiffeners of the frame-shaped packaging. The other strapping, straps, straps are then provided on the stiffeners and extend transversely to the other strapping, straps, straps.

For the strapping, tensioning strap or tensioning belt, it is advantageous to provide a recess in the packaging, preferably on the flexibility profile, on the side of the edge protector which faces away from the associated edge (for example glass edge) to be protected. The recess causes a guide / centering of the provided for strapping band or belt. Insofar as recesses are desired on the outside edge protection for other reasons, these recesses are preferably combined with the recesses for the bands and straps.

For the Umreifungstechnik the expert can resort to commercially available technology. These include strapping material, tensioning means, means for connecting the strapped ends of the strapping material, shearing for severing the protruding ends of the strapping material, and separating the strapping material from a supply roll. The offers are varied. The offers include complex automatic systems for installation in streets for mass production to simple and inexpensive small handsets for less-occurring strapping operations.

The strapping material is usually a band that is stretched around a packaged item after being passed around. In this respect, the band used for the strapping process can also be referred to as a strap or is given a commonality with other straps. Other straps, however, can be retensioned or strapped in contrast to strapping loosen and re-tension. For this purpose, the permanent clamping devices / turnbuckles are provided on the clamping bands. Straps are so reusable.
Straps differ from straps in that they use straps instead of straps. This means that even straps have a permanent tensioning device and can be retightened, loosened and re-tensioned. They are reusable.

Once strapping can only be destroyed and replaced with a new strapping. Compared to a strap or strap causes a strapping as disposable packaging regularly much lower costs than straps and straps. However, there are also border areas in the tension bands, in which the costs are closer to the low cost of strapping. These are the metal straps, which are tensioned with a single lock. The single-lock consists of a flattened shackle, which is placed under the overlapping strap ends and holds over the overlapping strap ends a rotatable slotted shaft, in the slot of which the upper strap end is inserted so that rotation of the shaft causes tension of the strap. Because of the necessary labor, this strap is suitable for small series. However, the metal strip must be bent back to retighten again. The same applies to a reuse of this strap.
For straps, commercial products have a similar economic situation. Although there are simple clamping devices with two moving parts, of which one part is held in the other. Regular belts and straps made of plastic are used. Such belts and straps are very cheap available on the market.

As a rule, one end of the belt is firmly connected to the tensioning device. The other end of the strap is pulled through the opening gap of the tensioning device. In this case, the movable part of the clamping device of the clamping movement opposes no obstacles. However, as soon as this strap end is released, this strap end jams in the opening gap of the tensioning device. The problem is to apply by hand a high clamping force on the belt. In addition, the clamping action depends on the friction and the friction conditions can change significantly due to external influences. For higher clamping forces and a permanent, independent of external influences clamping more complex clamping devices are required.
Something else can arise with a clamping device, which consists of a solid material part with several successive openings. The one strap end is fastened by to the material part. The other strap end is pushed back and forth through the openings of the material part. After a tension, the inserted strap end remains due to its friction or because of the resistance in the material part, which is opposed to the loosening.
Optionally, parts of the tensioner are connected to a portion of the package, preferably a corner piece. Optionally, the tensioner is attached to the portion or corner piece. This facilitates the tension, because it frees a hand that would otherwise be used to hold the lock during clamping. For demanding locks, the permanent connection of the lock with a section of the packaging is a complex measure. Something else is true for the simplest locks as the previously explained material part with different openings through which the tension belt or the tension band is guided back and forth. Such material can for example inexpensive sheet metal can be produced, which can be brought by deep drawing and stamping in the desired shape and provided with recesses. Even more favorable is the use of plastic, preferably of non-foamed plastic, for such material, if larger series are incurred, so that pays off the use of injection molds for the production.
The connection of the lock with a section / corner piece can be done by gluing. Suitable are the adhesives known in construction, for example the polyurethane adhesive.

The above strapping, straps, and straps apply to both packaging sections that butt against each other at the corners, as well as to packaging sections that collide against a corner piece, and to packaging sections that meet at the corners with a miter cut.
As far as the ends of the edge protection sections are mitred, the miter angle is preferably 45 degrees with mutually perpendicular edge protection sections. In mutually opposite ends of edge protection portions of the miter angle is preferably equal to half the angle, which enclose the mutually opposite ends of the edge protection sections between them.
As stated above, during strapping, the forces acting on the edge protector are greatest at the corners of the edge protector and this is optionally taken into account with an additional corner reinforcement. Regardless of the corner load, the corner reinforcement may have other reasons: for example, an additional function such as a transport aid. The transport aids can complement the edge protection according to the invention in a very advantageous manner. They improve handling and thereby reduce the risk of damage to the packaging and the

Packaged / transported. However, the transport aids are also independent of the edge protection according to the invention for other packaging advantageous.

The transport aid may be a handle, loop, eyelet, hook. The eyelets can serve different purposes. The eyelets are suitable for attaching clamping devices for load securing during transport. The eyelets are also suitable for striking handles. Advantageously, the eyelets can even form a handle with a simple additional part. This can be done with two spaced eyelets and a rod, for example a wooden rod. The spaced eyelets can be connected by the rod, so that the packaging can be worn with the enclosed cargo to the rods.
It is favorable if the eyelets have such an opening width that the rod can be inserted through both eyelets. The rod then forms a handle together with the eyelets.
Likewise, a role is suitable as a transport aid. The same applies to forklift feet, containers, fasteners or connections for a transport lock. The containers are of considerable advantage for various applications of the packaging. This is especially true if, for example, with one or more glass panes fasteners / assembly aids / assembly instructions / accompanying documents to be transported. This is especially the case when glass parts / kits for showers are transported. Different sized containers can be provided for the different applications.

From the EP677455 containers are known which can be plugged together with other containers, a connection of containers with a packaging, in particular with a packaging of disc-shaped packaged goods can be seen.

The transport aids can also consist of plastic foam. The transport aids can also consist of other materials, including a composite of plastic foam with other materials. Preferably, containers are selected from unfoamed / low-foamed plastic, as long as it does not depend on damping against impact load. It is advantageous to manufacture such containers from the same plastic as the plastic foam for packaging and to connect them with plastic foam parts with which the containers engage in the grooves on the packaging. The plastic foam parts are then modeled on the cross-sectional shape of the grooves. The plastic foam can be well connected to the containers by gluing. Suitable adhesives include known hot melt adhesives. The connection can also be made by welding, when the containers and their grooving parts for welding have a sufficient consistency in nature.

The multi-part design of the container is in small series advantageous because then common parts can be kept for all sizes. Such common parts are at least the molded parts with which the containers engage in the grooves of the packaging. In addition, it may be advantageous to realize different container volumes with tubular containers, which are closed at both ends by the lid and are adapted by selecting the length of the desired volume. The tubular containers preferably have a rectangular or square cross-section to facilitate connection to the mold members with which the containers engage in the grooves of the package.

In this case, the transport aid must not be attached directly to the packaging, but it is sufficient if the packaging has a connection for a transport aid or the installation of transport aids allowed. In this case, attachment to the compliance material and / or the reinforcing material and / or to the strapping, on the strap or the strap is possible. The transport aids can be permanently attached or detachably mounted. Such a terminal may for example be formed by an external and / or internal terminal surface and one or more openings for securing / retaining bolts. It is favorable if the transport aid is slipped over the connection and then secured with a bolt. The various transport aids can moreover be integrated in a packaging section. This is especially true for forklift feet and wheels.
When the hooks, it may be advantageous if the hooks are fork-shaped to be able to grab on both sides of the strapping, strap or strap in the packaging.
Preferably grooves are provided in the packaging, in particular in the compliance material, into which the transport aids can be inserted or pushed in with a suitable spring. For the tongue and groove connection, a dovetail shape or a shape ajar to the dovetail shape is favorable. Such compounds are particularly stable, but can be difficult to handle with little play. Easier to handle are tongue and groove joints in which the spring has a rounded shape, so that the spring can be pressed transversely to the longitudinal direction in the groove and pull out in the opposite way again. The groove of the groove may be smaller than the diameter of the spring, so that the spring is included. The smaller the opening width, the more effort is required to push the spring transversely to the longitudinal direction in the groove. With a few tries can be a balanced opening dimension of the groove determine, in which the spring can be pressed with reasonable effort by hand into the groove and in the groove has sufficient support.

The grooves can be machined into the plastic foam. Suitable methods are, for example, milling and / or sawing.
The grooves can also be molded into the plastic foam. This then happens preferably in the production of the plastic foam. For example in the form described above by means of a correspondingly shaped extrusion die and a correspondingly shaped calibrator. In this case, preferably round corners (both inside corners and outside corners) are produced in the groove and corresponding corresponding round corners on the cross into the groove transport aids.
The grooves can also arise during the shaping of the packaging sections in a molding machine or in an injection mold.
In addition, the non-cutting and the cutting deformation can be combined with each other by the grooves in the form of non-cutting deformation partially arise and the final processing by milling or sawing.
The grooves according to the invention preferably run on the sides (front and back) of the packaging sections and on the outer surfaces (including top and bottom) of the packaging sections around the packaging. The transport aids can be inserted at will / need in the grooves.
The rollers are inserted at the bottom, the associated handles on the side of the package in a comfortable height for the transport people.
The forklift feet or other feet are also inserted at the bottom. Hooks and pins can be inserted on the sides, hooks and eyes not only on the sides, but also on the top. The same applies Connections for a transport lock. The eyelets, hooks and pins can also be used to secure the transport. Usually, the further transport protection is done with straps that are posted on the eyelets, hooks or pins.
The containers are used to transport accessories for the cargo. To the
For example, special angles, rails, gaskets, screws, dowels, etc. are usually required for mounting glass panels. These parts must be supplied at least during transport to the end user or to the contractor commissioned by the end user. The containers can be positioned anywhere on the packaging.
The connecting means serve, for example, to connect several packages together. Preferably, a connection takes place on all packaging parts, which are opposed by grooves.
The various packages can be arranged so that at least one connection always takes place at the lower packaging sections and at a respective vertical packaging section.

When strapping a band around the provided with edge protection cargo, such as the glass, wrapped around. Then the band is tensioned with a tensioning device. The tension presses the edge protection sections against the edges to be protected. After clamping, the band is secured in the clamping position. This can be done by means of clips, sleeves, seals or by welding.
During the tensioning process, the tape is pulled off a roll. After securing, the band consumed by the strapping is separated from the rest of the band of the roll.

The band can be made of plastic or steel. There are plastic bands of different materials known, for example Polyester, PP, PET available for strapping. In any case, the band must withstand the existing clamping forces. For this purpose, especially plastic textile bands such as thread structure bands, tape fabrics and composite tapes are suitable.

The strapping device usually has corrugated tension rollers, with which the band ends to be pulled together are detected and pulled against each other until a desired tension is reached. In order to keep the strip tension for the duration of the transport, only plastics come into question, which show only negligible creep effects and / or by a Nachbehandlung, for example by permanent stretching, only negligible creep show. Steel bands show no noticeable creep effects. The creep effects describes a deformation of the plastic under high continuous load.

With the sleeves, staples and seals the band ends are pressed against each other permanently. This may already be sufficient for the locking of the band ends. In addition, it is known, for example, to hold steel strips in addition to the fact that the steel strips are cut in front of and behind the brackets, sleeves and seals and bent out at the interfaces. Alternatively, the sleeves and staples may be corrugated with the ribbon ends in which the corrugations are transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ribbon. The curl reinforces the hold of the sleeves and clips pressed around the ends of the band.

Welding is a joining technique which is preferably used for plastic tapes.

Optionally, the transport aids (even when using rollers) are formed at least in two parts, wherein the one part is held with the strapping and forms the connection described above for the other part of the transport aid. In this case, the part forming the connection may be a sleeve or seal or be connected to a sleeve or seal, which is placed on the strapping tape. For the positioning of this sleeve or seal is favorable when the sleeve or seal is laterally slotted and can be pushed laterally after positioning of the strapping before its final tension on the strapping. The sleeve or seal is preferably pressed onto the strapping band and thus brought to rest on the strapping band. In addition, it is advantageous if a funnel-shaped guide is provided at the slit of the sleeve or seal and when the sleeve engages behind the strap after pushing immediately. The funnel shape facilitates pushing on. The grip behind prevents falling down. If the sleeve also clamps on the strapping, the sleeve remains in the selected position or slipping is excluded.

Alternatively, provided for the transport aids on the strapping pods or seals can also be attached to a suitable point of the strapping when making the strapping with. This makes the entrainment of tools unnecessary for a later attachment of sleeves and seals.
The adhesion of the sleeves and seals on the strapping band depends on the pressing pressure and the friction values of the contact surfaces. The advantage is therefore roughened contact surfaces. Optionally, claws may be provided on the sleeves and seals.

Also, handles and tab may be advantageous, which are provided on the side edge protection at a distance from the upper end.

Optionally, a handle or eye on the strapping be clamped, the clamping with increasing weight of the protected cargo, for example, the glass, and packaging is getting stronger. Such a clamping arises for example by handles / eyelets, which also form a lever arm of a two-armed lever, the other lever arm presses against the strapping. These levers are self-clamping due to the explained mechanism. This mechanism can also be used when the handles and grommets are pushed into a groove as explained above. The friction between the tongue and groove made of plastic foam plastic is so large that a jamming of the spring enters the groove.

In another variant, the terminals or sleeves are glued or welded to the strapping or connected in the same manner as in the connection of the band ends with the strapping.
The grips / grommets may also constitute a transport aid without the sleeves and fittings described above when they include the strapping band at the desired location, for example with two fingers, so that pivotal movement of the gripper / sleeve upwardly causes distortion of the strapping band and clamping of the strapping band Handle / eyelet on the strapping leads.

As far as additional reinforcement corners are provided on the package which are placed over the corners of the package, it may be advantageous to have these additional reinforcement corners like those described above Form pods or seals and position them on the strapping band.

Corners for the protection of packaged goods are from the EP2769601 known.

The edge protection according to the invention can also be designed so that at the same time several disc-shaped transport goods (for example, glass panes) can be transported side by side.
Optionally, the edge protector is provided with a plurality of recesses which are parallel to each other, as for example in the DE 1953181 is described.

Preferably, it is provided that the individual packaging can be connected to other packaging, so that a space-saving transport is possible. The connection can - as stated above - done for example with tongue and groove. Conveniently are recesses with dovetailed cross-section. Preferably, recesses are provided in each package, so that the connection can be made with corresponding springs, which engage with one side in a recess and with the other side in the other recess.
Advantageously, the recesses can also be used for other tasks, for example for connection to other profiles for thickening the compliance material.

It is advantageous if the edge protection according to the invention alone forms the packaging for glass and other packaged goods.
In the above-mentioned rough construction operation, it may also be necessary to protect the edge by protecting the packaged goods in the To supplement the space enclosed by the edge protection. This applies, for example, to surface-sensitive material.
In order to prevent scratching of the outer surfaces of the transported goods, for example of the glass, the space at the transported goods, which is enclosed by the protruding edge protection, for example, wholly or partially filled with cardboard or cardboard. In particular, corrugated board is offered in considerable thicknesses on the market, so that the space can be easily filled with single-ply or multi-ply corrugated board. As far as the room is large or the cardboard / cardboard insert should even protrude from the edge protection, is preferably a honeycomb insert made of cardboard or paperboard / corrugated cardboard application.
The honeycomb cardboard / paperboard construction has a very advantageous protective effect in all directions compared to other cardboard / paperboard constructions. Among the various protective effects is a good scratch protection.
Cardboard / cardboard is a very economical protection for the glass and the like cargo.
If the cardboard / paperboard does not meet the requirements of the cargo, it is initially possible to arrange a layer of plastic foam between the cardboard / cardboard layer and the item to be transported. In this case, the plastic foam may have the same texture as that provided for the edge protection plastic foam. The cardboard alone and / or with other protection can fill the space enclosed by the edge protection according to the invention on the pane. Other types of protection may include air cushions. The air cushions may also fill the space enclosed by the edge protection according to the invention alone and / or with cardboard or with other protection for the packaged goods.
Optionally, the space filled with cardboard or other materials on both sides of the packaged goods is closed with protective plates.

The protective plates can overlap the packaging or be embedded in the space enclosed by the packaging. The protective plates form a stiffener which may replace the stiffening struts proposed elsewhere or may be used in addition to the stiffening struts.
The attachment of the protective plates can be done in any way. Preferably, a releasable attachment is provided which does not hinder the reuse of the packaging. Alternatively, the protective plates are held by means of claws or hooks on the packaging. These jaws or hooks, like the transport aids explained above, can grip into the grooves of the packaging. If all sections of the package are provided with such grooves, the jaws or hooks may include the protective plate on all four sides, so that the protective plates do not detach from the package even under normal transport load.
For the attachment of the protective plates, the claws or hooks are pushed into the grooves and at the same time over the protective plates. To release the protective plates, the claws or hooks are pulled out of the grooves.

Optionally, the entire cargo is wrapped on the way in a plastic foam.
For small series, the wrapping is made up of different parts, in order to avoid the costs of molds with which the wrapping can be achieved in a single operation.
As soon as large series are foreseeable, the "wrapping in one operation" can be promoted. Preferably, this is started with the wrapping in particle foam. For wrapping in particle foam a correspondingly large shape must be procured. This form is also called a tool. The cargo is positioned in the open mold, so that after closing the mold when filling the mold in the Mold cavity flowing foam particles surrounding the cargo on all sides. Subsequently, the mold is subjected to superheated steam, so that the foam particles soften on the outer surfaces and at least doughy and weld together. After sufficient cooling, the mold is opened and the wrapped cargo taken out.
Preferably, the plastic foam is then reinforced in the region of the edges of the cargo, for example of the glass, in the form described above.

Preferably, the transported goods are enclosed together with the packaging with a shrink film. These are films which shrink strongly under the effect of heat. The shrink films usually consist of a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene. The films are often wrapped around the packaged goods. The films can also be processed into hoses or sacks and slipped over the packaged goods. The heat can be brought by means of hot air or by means of heating gas to the shrink film in order to set the shrinking in motion. Series products are preferably fed into a tunnel furnace and heated on the way.

The above-mentioned transport aids or their connections are preferably recessed from the shrink film. This can already be done with the wrapping with foil. It can also be provided recesses for the transport aids in the film tubes and film bags for the transport aids or their connections.
It is also possible to incorporate recesses in the film only when the connections for the transport aids must be accessible.

The packaged according to the invention transported goods, for example, a glass intended for construction sites, must be moved to the site. A distinction must be made between slices of smaller size and correspondingly low weight, which can be manually unloaded and transported by one or more builders and transported in situ, and slices of particular size and weight, which must be moved by machine.
In any case, the handling of the panes may be facilitated by transport aids such as handles and / or loops and / or eyes and / or hooks and / or connecting means and / or feet on the edge protector. The transport aids can be provided permanently or for the duration of the transport to the edge protection. In a permanent arrangement, a corresponding attachment of the transport aids can be done on the edge protection. For temporary attachment releasable fastening means are provided.

It is advantageous if the edge protection is claimed with the transport aids as possible only on train and as little as possible to bending. This is achieved by the transport aids attacking the side edge protection.

In addition, it is advantageous to provide the lower edge protection with forklift feet. Forklift feet are known on pallets. Pallets have at the bottom forklift feet made of wood in the form of pieces of timber. The forklift feet steer a fork-lift truck, which engages under the pallet with its fork in order to lift it, to transport it to another location and to put it down there again.
The same applies to pallet trucks, which are equipped with a fork like a forklift and are designed to move pallets. However, the trucks are only for transport at short distances and are not for stacking suitable. The stroke of the lift truck only serves to produce necessary for the process ground clearance of the packaged goods.
The pallet trucks are usually moved by hand. As far as in the following forklift are addressed, this includes the truck.
The forklift feet ensure a central attack of the forklift / lift truck on the goods to be transported and prevent lateral movement of the pallet during movement with the forklift. This is particularly important for the cornering of the truck / lift truck.

The stacker feet may be smaller in relation to normal pallets. A reduction in the forklift feet is omitted, however, if it is to be feared that the fork of the forklift / pallet truck no longer fits between the stacker feet. Furthermore, the stacker feet are designed so thick that the truck can undercut the edge protection with his fork and can lift the cargo together with packaging. The stacker feet can also be considered as transport aids. It is also an attachment of the forklift feet on the strapping with the help of sleeves and seals possible, as provided in the previously explained transport aids.
Optionally, the stacker feet are integrated into the package protector, even more preferably integrated into a package section.

Other transport aids are handles, loops, hooks, pins, eyes, rollers, lanyards, containers, connections for a transport lock. Handles and loops should make it easier to move the cargo with packaging by hand, for example to carry or push or pull by means of the rollers. The hooks, pins, eyelets to facilitate the attachment of lifting means and means for transport safety (chains, ropes, straps). The lanyards are intended to connect different packages enable / facilitate. The containers facilitate the transport of accessories to the transported goods and the carrying of documents.
The transport aids can be permanently or detachably provided at various points of the package. In a permanent arrangement individual packing sections may be formed in one part at the same time as desired transport aids or be permanently connected to the transport aids. Thus, lower packaging sections can at the same time have moldings which serve as feet or stacker feet, handles, hooks, pins, eyes, connecting means, connections for a transport lock can be molded or welded or glued. Even loops and containers can be welded or glued. Rollers are held in a roller housing. The housing may be formed by a packaging section or welded or glued to the packaging. The transport aids are preferably detachably mounted in order to reduce the number of transport aids required for all packaging. For this purpose, the transport aids can be posted to connections with which the packaging is provided. The terminals may for example be formed by projections and / or recesses in the package. The transport aids can engage the projections and / or engage in the recesses.
Preferably, grooves are provided in the packaging and engage the transport aids with so-called springs in the grooves. No special requirements are placed on the grooves when the grooves are arranged on opposite sides. As grooves then already low depressions and as feathers low surveys. In principle, the depressions (grooves) can also be provided in the transport aids and the elevations (springs) on the packaging. The required effort is higher than the other way around. In addition, the Packaging then be damaged at the elevations easier than at wells.

More is to be considered in the question of grooves / springs, if the transport aids should only engage in one groove. The transport aids must then be secured against falling out, against tipping and against unforeseen slippage in the grooves. This can be achieved largely by the cross-sectional shape of the groove and springs. Favorable is a cross-sectional shape in the manner of a Schwalbenschanzpassung. Such cross-sectional shapes are characterized by undercuts in the grooves and undercuts on the springs, so that the springs engages with the projecting cross-sectional parts in the grooves in the undercuts. With such grooves and springs falling out as well as tilting is prevented.

The stability of the grooves and springs depends on the plastic foam. If desired, the stability can be changed by reinforcing the grooves / springs and / or the surrounding area. Reinforcement by choosing another plastic for the packaging is only possible within the scope of the given flexibility for the packaging. But even simple measures such as the rounding of corners / edges in and on the grooves and springs leads to a significant reinforcement. In addition, reinforcement can be achieved by the skinning and coating described above. At the transport aids can easily be selected a material that keeps out of all load cases stand. Favorable are transport aids with low weight, for example made of aluminum.
Slipping of the transport aids in the grooves is prevented by clamping.
For this purpose clamping devices can be provided. Simple clamping devices are for example wedges. It can also be more elaborate Clamping devices are used. The transport aids can also be designed as clamping devices at the same time.

For the clamping, the friction conditions in the groove and on the springs, the play between groove and springs and the lever ratios prevail, resulting from the forces acting on transport aids and their distance from the tongue and groove connection of the transport aids of the package.
Economically advantageous is a self-locking the transport aids in the grooves or on the springs.
Depending on the circumstances, the transport aids in the groove or on the springs have self-locking. This is the case, for example, when plastic foam surfaces cut in the tongue and groove joint slide against one another.

Such transport aids wedged under a load that does not attack exactly centered to the central axis of the grooves. This can be easily achieved by choosing a suitable distance, are passed in the loads in the transport aids.

Wedges can also be used to clamp the transport aids
The transport aids described above are advantageous.
Frequently a crane or a forklift truck is available at the construction sites. The crane can be a construction crane or a crane on a truck. These devices can facilitate the unloading of the cargo. Sometimes the construction crane can also take over the transport to the respective rough construction days. As a rule, however, the goods to be transported must then be moved on by hand at least on the rough building floor. In addition, the packaged goods often have to be unloaded by hand and carried to the respective floor.

In particular, the transport by hand is connected to a construction site with a risk of damage. Previous transports repeatedly hit the construction sites or are put on too hard.
In the case of the packaging according to the invention, on the other hand, there is no longer any significant risk of damage. This can be seen in the case studies described above. If a cargo such fall tests survives damage-free, then the packaged according to the invention transported well over the usual tapping and hard putting on damage. Advantageously, glass can be additionally protected by being slightly ground at the edge.

Even a small cut in the circumference and the depth of the microcracks at the edges of the glass is sufficient.

Although this transport safety promotes transport. However, it can also increase negligence during transport. To counteract this, the transported goods can still be provided with a shock detector which responds when the impact force exceeds a certain level. A commercial detector uses liquid-filled glass tubes which are provided with colored liquid and a sticker. When a certain impact force is exceeded, the liquid flows out and colors the detector.

In the drawing, various embodiments of the invention are shown.

The Fig. 1 and 2 show a laminated glass pane 1, which are included at the edge of four edge protection profiles 2, 3, 4, 5.

All profiles 2,3,4,5 consist in the embodiment of XPS foam (extruded polystyrene foam), in other embodiments of other foam) with a density of 25 kg / cubic meter. All profiles 2,3,4,5 have the same cross section.
In addition, the profiles 2 and 4 have the same length. The same applies to the profiles 3 and 5. The cross section of the profiles 2,3,4,5 is off Fig. 1 and 3 seen.
The profiles 2,3,4,5 are mitred at the ends.

The profile cross section is in Fig. 3 shown. The profile cross-section is basically rectangular with dimensions of 130mm x 200mm. On one narrow side, a recess 6 with a width of 23 mm and a depth of 50 mm is provided, in which the laminated glass pane 1 is received. On the opposite narrow side of a recess 7 is provided with a width of 60mm and a depth of 5mm, which is intended for a strapping.
Inside the profile two recesses 8 and 9 are provided with cross-sectional dimensions of 25mm x 50mm, which are intended to accommodate wooden strips 10.
In the exemplary embodiment, the XPS foam of the profile forms a compliance material. The wooden strips form a reinforcing material for the compliance material. By using several wooden strips with intermediate foam a special resistance of the edge protection is generated against the particularly dreaded shock and shock loads during glass transport.

In the exemplary embodiment, the profile is composed of three parts, not shown. In the unconnected state of the three parts two partial joints extend through the recesses 8 and 9, parallel to the narrow sides.
The three parts are cut from commercial XPS foam sheets and assembled on the surface, so that the recesses 6 and 7 and further recesses arise, which form the recesses 8 and 9 after joining all the parts together.
The cutting operations are done by sawing.
The recesses are milled in the embodiment.
When joining, the parts are glued hot. The hot glue is applied with suitable glue guns.
In other embodiments, the parts are welded. During welding, the welding surface is heated and the parts are then pressed together. The necessary heat may be applied with a hot air blower (in other embodiments by contact with a heat shield or by means of another object having a corresponding heated surface with which the weld surfaces are brought into contact).

After the market introduction of the edge protection according to the invention then the desired number of pieces by (in relation to the cross section) integral extrusion of the profile or by injection molding or by moldings made of particle foam can be taken into account. For extruding extruder with extrusion nozzles are required, which are modeled on the profile cross section and carry the foam in a forming calibrator.
With the extrusion of a profile, which show all cross-sectional dimensions of the desired profiles, the above-described machining operations are at least partially dispensable.

The illustrated profiles 2, 3, 4, 5 are pressed against the edge of the glass pane 1 by an unillustrated strapping band (in other embodiments by a tension band or a tension belt). The strapping band is a plastic band in the embodiment. The strapping is removed from the strapping machine from a roll and guided around the outside of the profiles 2,3,4,5. This happens first by hand. For larger quantities a strapping device with automatic tape feed or automatic Umumungsbandes around the profiles 2,3,4,5 is provided.
The strapping device is available in various embodiments. Initially, a simple hand-operated device for tensioning the strapping band can be used. With appropriate quantities, an electrical strapping machine with automatic control instead of the hand-operated device can be used.
After clamping takes place in the embodiment, a welding of the two ends of the plastic strapping. In this case, a heating sword is briefly guided between the two ends of the strapping. The heating sword causes the contact surfaces of the two ends of the strapping band for a short time to melt, so that at a corresponding pressure immediately creates a weld, without causing a significant weakening of the strapping. By immediately cooling the weld, the weld is immediately given sufficient strength.
By strapping the profiles 2,3,4,5 are held together in the illustrated form, without the need for further action.

In another embodiment, a reinforcement / corner protection is provided at the corners. The reinforcement / corner protection is made by caps which are placed over the corners before the strapping he follows. Such caps are commercially available. Such caps are offered as plastic angles or metal angles. The automatic systems set the caps automatically, the function of such systems depends on the caps on which the systems are designed. As long as it lacks the product lines, which justify automatic strapping, strapping by hand is recommended. When strapping by hand, the positioning of the caps is a problem unless the caps are held in place by the strapping. It is advisable to bring the caps with a self-adhesive strip adhesive on both sides in position / hold, as long as this is not done by the strapping.
To Fig. 49 however, the caps 321 may also be positioned on the strapping 320. For this purpose, the caps may be provided with slots through which the strapping is passed in the illustrated form.

For strapping by hand various commercially available devices are available, from very simple design to sophisticated design. A very simple execution is with Fig. 50 proposed. It is a strip of material 325 with a series of successive recesses 326, whose opening width and whose distance are adapted to the dimensions of the strapping. The material in the exemplary embodiment is sheet metal. In other embodiments, other rigid material is used. The strap is attached at one end to one end of the strap 325. Then, the tape is passed around the package and its other end is pulled back and forth through the openings 326. After tensioning the band, the band remains tensioned due to the frictional resistance in the metal strip.

The profiles 2, 3, 4, 5 form an edge protector projecting approximately 53.5 mm transversely to the plane of the glass pane. In the enclosed space is on Each side provided a layer of cardboard 11 with a thickness of 50mm. In addition, between the cardboard 11 and the disc 1, a position not shown soft plastic foam made of polyethylene of 1.5 mm thickness.

The 4 and 5 show different constructions made of corrugated cardboard.
To Fig. 4 Each paperboard ply has a honeycomb core 16 which is connected to a paperboard layer 15 or 17 on both sides. The honeycombs are formed by cardboard strips, which are bent and glued together so that there is a honeycomb-like structure.
To Fig. 5 is a differently structured core provided. The core is also formed by cardboard strips, however, the strips are plugged into each other, resulting in a structure which differs from the 6eckigen honeycomb structure by 4eckige structures.

After strapping, the glass sheet, together with its edge protection and the lateral cardboard layers, is shrink-wrapped.
The shrink film leaves the bottom partially free, so that there forklift feet 20 can be attached. The forklift feet serve as a transport aid for positioning the fork of a forklift, which is used for loading and / or unloading.

Fig. 6 shows loading blocks as transport aids for the glass panes 26 with edge protection and shrink film.
The loading blocks consist of a Gestänge29 with feet 25. The feet 25 have at the top of various spaced apart openings 27. The openings 27 receive rods 28 which can be clamped with the load against the linkage 29. With the loading blocks, the load can be stored very well and transported with vehicles.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show the existing of the individual profiles edge protection 30 with a bore 31. The bore 30 is used to attach hooks 33 as a transport aid. With the hooks, each glass pane can be unloaded / charged along with edge protection and other packaging.

Fig. 9 shows the existing of the individual profiles edge protection 35 with side hooks 36 as a transport aid and with eyelets 37 as a transport aid.

FIGS. 21 and 22 show another embodiment of the package with a handle 121. The handle 121 has been cut out of a plate 120 and folded. In addition, 120 claws are formed on the plate, with which the plate 120 can be pressed into the compliance material. This happens when needed. Then, the strapping band 125 stretched around the package / edge protector 124 is lifted slightly to push the plate with the handle 121 at the desired location under the strapping band 125 and press with the claws into the compliance material. The strapping 125 holds the plate 120 in the desired position.

Fig. 10 shows the existing of individual profiles edge protection 41 with side loops 42 as a transport aid.

Fig. 11 shows a consisting of the individual profiles further edge protection 45 with a roller 47 at a lower corner as a transport aid. With the role of the glass pane can be easily drive together with the packaging. At the same time, a handle 46 is advantageous.

Fig. 20 shows another embodiment of a roller 111 as a transport aid. The roller 11 1 sits in a housing 112 which is also formed as a hood / cap for enclosing a corner of the edge protector.

The hood / cap 112 is in the embodiment of sheet metal, in other embodiments of plastic. On the hood / cap 112 different teeth 113 are formed, with which the hood presses in the compliance material. The hood / cap can be placed after completion of the package if necessary. The hood / cap is reusable when the glass transport is finished.
The hood / cap 112 can also be placed in the strapping. Then, the strap is preferably passed between the roller and the hood / cap to permanently mount the hood / cap 112. The hood / cap preferably acts as at the same time
Corner stiffening / corner protection of the packaging.
The embodiment shows a roller which is rotatably mounted at both ends in the hood / cap 112.
In order to facilitate the insertion of the strap between the roller and hood / cap, the role in the hood / cap in other embodiments can be stored on one side (flying).

Fig. 12 shows a further edge protection 50 in cross section.
The cross section 50 differs from the cross section Fig. 3 by three recesses 51,52 for reinforcing profiles. Furthermore, a recess 54 is provided for inserts 60.
Of the recesses for the reinforcing profiles, the recess 52 is provided at a distance and centrally under the recess / groove 54 for the inserts. The recesses 52 are arranged on both sides of the recess / groove 54 for the inserts 60. This arrangement is intended to provide a reinforcement against shocks which act on the edge protection transversely to the plane of the glass sheet. The recesses 51,52 are generated in the same manner as the recesses / openings of the edge protection Fig. 3 ,

The recess / groove 54 has a dovetail shape. Due to the form of the sash the respective insert 60 is held firmly in the edge protection. Accordingly, the insert 60 has a cross section adapted to the recess / groove.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 14 the insert 60 has an opening 61 in which the relevant glass pane is to be received. The insert 60 is in the embodiment of an elastomer. There are natural and artificial elastomers. Natural rubber is one of the natural elastomers. The elastomers are able to absorb different thicknesses of glass within certain limits. In the embodiment, the insert 60 is provided for discs with a thickness of 5 to 10mm. For thickness ranges of 10 to 20mm and 20 to 35mm other inserts are provided.

Fig. 14a shows another embodiment with an insert 60.1. In the insert a stepped recess is provided. In a recess 61.1, the recess has an opening width for glasses with a thickness of 12 mm. In the other recess stage 61.2, the recess has an opening width for glasses with a thickness of 8 mm.

Fig. 14b shows a conically tapered to the deepest recess 61.3. The taper allows infinite adjustment to any glass thickness within the limits of 12mm to 8mm glass thickness.

Fig. 14c corresponds to the in Fig. 14b illustrated principle of a stepless adjustment. However, three areas 61.4, 61.5, 61.6 are provided on the insert 60.3, in which a continuous adaptation to any glass thickness is provided, provided that the glass thicknesses are in one of the areas.

Fig. 14d corresponds to the in Fig. 14a illustrated principle. In the exemplary embodiment, however, a triple graduation 61.7, 61.8 and 61.9 for three different glass thicknesses is provided on an insert 60.4.

The embodiment according to Fig. 14f differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 14a in that instead of a glass pane, two glass panes can be accommodated side by side.

The embodiment according to Fig. 14e differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 14a in that instead of a glass pane, three panes of glass can be accommodated side by side.

Fig. 23 shows an edge protector 130 with an insert 131 extending from the insert 60 of the Fig. 14 differs in that it receives the glass sheet 133 with an insert 132 at the edge. The insert 132 is in the embodiment of cardboard and has the task of preventing damage to the insert by sharp edges of glass.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 13 is at a cross section for an edge protector 55 is in contrast to the edge protection 50 after Fig. 12 only a central recess 57 provided under the recess 56 for inserts 60.

The edge protection 107 after Fig. 19 consists of polystyrene foam with a density of 30 kg per cubic meter and differs from the edge protection Fig. 13 by other dimensions. The cross-sectional width is 130mm, the height 160mm. In the middle there is an opening 100 of 24mm x 48mm. The opening serves to receive a roof batten as a reinforcing profile. Further, four grooves 101, 102, 103 and 104 are provided on the circumference intended. The four grooves have a dovetail-shaped cross-section. The groove 101 differs from the groove 56 in FIG Fig. 13 by other dimensions, namely by a width of 60mm at the foot, a depth of 60mm and an opening width of 50 above.
The groove 101 serves to receive a similar insert, as in Fig. 14 is shown and described. On the opposite side is like the edge protection Fig. 13 a recess 102 is provided. At the edge protection after Fig. 13 the groove / recess is used solely for guiding and securing a strapping band.
In the embodiment, the groove / recess 102 has a depth of 20mm, in the deepest a width of 50mm and at the opening a width of 40mm. To Fig. 19 has the groove / recess 102 additional tasks. In the groove, a housing can be inserted, in which a roller is rotatably supported. Additionally or alternatively, two stacker feet can be inserted into the groove 102, which are arranged at a distance of the forks of the stacker centered under the glass below the packaging to facilitate the transport of the glass sheet by means of a stacker, for example, for loading or unloading a vehicle.
In addition, the groove / recess 102 can be used to attach to the profile a dash-dotted flat profile 105 made of the same plastic foam.
A similar flat profile can also be attached to the two other sides with the grooves / recesses 103 and 104. By attaching flat profiles creates more compliance material with a correspondingly changed / increased damping behavior, which takes into account the burden of heavy glass panes.
The grooves / recesses 103 and 104 have a depth of 15mm, in the deepest a width of 40mm and at the opening a width of 30mm. An essential further object of the grooves / recesses 103 and 104 is the connection with other packaging / edge protection, of which a package 106 is shown in phantom in the cutout.
The packaging / edge protection 106 has the same groove / recess as the packaging / edge protection / compliance profile 107. The connection can be achieved by means of a so-called spring 108. The spring 108 is formed by a profile bar having in cross-section two sides / ends which are adapted to the grooves / recesses in the packages / edge protectors 106 and 107 so as to form a strong connection.
With the connection technique formed by the spring 108, a plurality of packages with trapped packaged goods can be connected together to form a transportable block. The resulting block can be designed within wide limits with any width, so that transport surfaces can be optimally utilized in width.
In addition, the blocks in height can be made arbitrarily arbitrary in wide limits, so that transport volume in height can be optimally utilized. In this case, instead of the flat profile 105 another packaging is placed and connected by means of the spring 108. Finally, the block can also be designed arbitrarily in length within wide limits. In this case, the packages arranged one behind the other are connected to one another by means of the springs 108 with the enclosed transported goods.
This opens up significant advantages for container transport or truck transport and for such transport by utilizing the transport volume.

In this case, packaging of different sizes can be interconnected. This can be done directly via springs 108, if the associated grooves in the various packages are exactly in line with each other are opposite. However, if the grooves are not opposed to each other, a connection can still be made via the grooves 108. For this purpose, an intermediate piece is provided. The intermediate piece grooves have been incorporated in a corresponding height or distance, so that the springs 108 which can connect a package from one side and the other packaging from the other side with the intermediate piece.

Alternatively, intermediate pieces may be provided which are adapted to the different sizes of the packages to be joined. That is, these intermediate pieces correspond to the above-described intermediate pieces with the mutually provided springs 108, but are integral with the springs.

The spring 108 is in Fig. 19b shown in cross section in a single view. The Fig. 19a shows another spring 280, can be closed with the unnecessary grooves on a package according to the invention.

Fig. 19c to 19d show variations of belonging to the edge protection according to the invention profile of compliance material. Unlike the profile after Fig. 19 is after Fig. 19c a reinforcing material with a round cross-section and provided in the profile 275 a round opening 276 for the reinforcing profile. The round opening can be made easier at machining than a square opening.

Fig. 19d differs from the execution Fig. 19c by two round openings 279 instead of a round opening 276 for round in cross-section reinforcing material.

Fig. 19e shows instead of the yielding material forming profiles in the Fig. 19 to 19c a profile 277, which has no recesses except for the recess for use.

Fig. 19f follows the execution Fig. 19 and the possibility shown there for connecting two juxtaposed packages. To Fig. 19 This is done with a separate spring. In the embodiment according to Fig. 19 only one connection is shown on the underside of the packaging circulating on the glass pane. This is usually sufficient because the packages are handled individually by a vehicle after unloading. The particular advantages of the connection therefore arise when transporting several juxtaposed packages with a vehicle. Then the load securing is much easier. The load securing may be limited, for example, to lashing the packages together at the top.
In other embodiments, a need for more security is taken into account that the juxtaposed packages are connected to each other at least at the top of the package by such a connection. This connection already leads to a very stable / robust overall packaging. Such a demand arises when the transport is not carried out with trucks but with vans with permissible gross weight of less than 7.5 tons. With such transporters are usually handled by hand (without lifting) manageable transports, because the transporters are much faster than truck transports. Experience has shown that the load securing in such vans is extremely inadequate despite the corresponding traffic regulations. For such transports, an additional connection of the juxtaposed packages at their top is advantageous.

As far as there is more need for a connection of the juxtaposed packages, such a connection is also provided on the two sides which connect the top and bottom of the package.

Fig. 19b shows a variation of the compliance material Fig. 19 forming profiles. In the variation profiles 280 and 281 have been created which are on one side as in Fig. 19 show a groove 282, but on the opposite side instead of the groove 282, a spring 283 show. For the connection of two juxtaposed packages so that the separate springs 108 can be dispensed with. This may find application when the simultaneous connection of side-by-side packages to the sides is dispensable, connecting the top and bottom of the package.

Fig. 27 shows a further edge protection 151 with a profile cross-section, which differs from the Fig. 19 differs in that on the outer side 160 of the edge protection no recess / groove is provided for the strapping, because the strapping also holds without recess / groove due to a small constriction of the compliance material their intended place.

Fig. 28 shows the schematic application of the profile cross sections 161 in the packaging for a glass pane 162.
In the embodiment, the package is covered on both sides with a foam layer 163, which although also made of polystyrene, but has a 30% lower density. This is synonymous with a greater yielding.
In the exemplary embodiment, the foam layers 163 are at the same time designed so that it fills the space enclosed on both sides of the disc by the edge protection.

Fig. 15 shows a cross section of an edge protector 60, which extends from the edge protection Fig. 3 characterized in that the recess 63, which is intended to receive the glass, is provided with an insert 62, which can be replaced with other deposits, if other letters are to be recorded.
In addition, the recess 64 provided in the center under the recess 64 is intended for a plurality of reinforcing profiles 61, not only for a reinforcing profile.

Fig. 16 differs from the one-piece cross section Fig. 3 by two halves 65 and 66, which are put together to the cross-section as in Fig. 3 is shown. The contact surfaces 67 and 68 of both halves are in the embodiment in the assembled state of the cross section on the center line.
The halves consist of the same plastic foam as in the exemplary embodiment Fig. 3 ,
To connect the two halves 65 and 66, the contact surfaces are melted and the halves 65 and 66 pressed against each other, so that a weld occurs.

Fig. 17 shows a cross section of another edge protection.
This edge protection has the same recess for the glass as after Fig. 3 and the same recess for the strapping as after Fig. 3 , In contrast to the embodiment according to Fig. 3 the cross section follows Fig. 17 composed of three parts 70, 71 and 72. The parts 70 and 71 are made of the same plastic foam as in Fig. 3 is provided. The parts 70 and 71 thus form the compliance material. At the same time, the part 70 forms the recess with which the glass pane is received is to be, while the part 71 forms the recess for the strapping.
Between both parts, a reinforcing layer 72 is provided from a non-foamed plastic. This plastic is also made of polystyrene as the two parts 70 and 71, so that all parts are welded together.
In other embodiments, other materials are provided. If it is unweldable materials, bonding can be done.

Fig. 18 shows an embodiment with a cross-section 75, the same recess 76 as the cross-section after Fig. 3 and also has the same recess for the strapping. In contrast to Fig. 3 but two recesses 77 and 78 are provided for receiving two mutually parallel and spaced glass sheets.

Fig. 24 shows a further embodiment, which differs from other embodiments in that in the cavity on both sides of the glass pane, which is enclosed by the edge protection 140, to secure the glass pane, a cross 141 is provided made of plastic foam. The cross forms a strut. The cross is in the embodiment of the same foam as the compliance material.
In other embodiments, one or more struts is provided as a brace instead of the cross.

Incidentally, shows Fig. 24 an edge protector composed of an upper profile / side, a lower profile / side and two similar side profiles. In this case, the edge protection forms a rectangular frame according to the rectangular glass to be packaged. The different profiles extend between two adjacent corners of the frame.

To Fig. 25 are the in Fig. 24 divided profiles divided into sections. The sections are labeled 140,141,142,143, 144,145.
All sections 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145 have a profile with a cross-section corresponding to that in FIG Fig. 13 represented profile cross section corresponds. The sections 140,141,142,143, 144,145 are formed by cutting to length of long profiled bars / rods. In addition, the sections 145 are cut miter, the sections 143 are also provided with forklift feet.
Each section 140,141,144, 142,143 sits with two miter sections 145 on wood profiles, whose cross-section is shown and which are shown in the following partially dashed lines and dash-dotted center lines 153. In the situation, the inserts 146 and 147 are mounted, ie inserted into the associated grooves. On the way, part, which the zu Fig. 24 correspond to the profiles / pages / page profiles described. The wood profiles give the sections composed of sections / sides / side profiles already substantial support, so that the edge protection can be placed around the glass pane to be packed around. The necessary complementary cohesion with the glass pane causes the strapping in the embodiment.
For the wood profiles are located in the sections 140,141,144,141,143,145 corresponding recesses. The ends of the wood profiles need not be joined together due to the tension of the strapping. This facilitates the attachment of the packaging.

In other embodiments, all sections 140, 141, 144, 142, 143 have the same length except for a portion of each profile / page / page profile. This one section has an adapted length and can therefore be called a fitting. The same length for the other sections streamlines the manufacturing process. In particular, the production of the sections opens up as particle foam parts with larger quantities. The prerequisite for the production of particle foam parts is the procurement of a complex form, which is worthwhile only with appropriate numbers, even if the particle foam is cheaper than extruded foam.

To Fig. 26 are instead of the corner-forming portions 145 of Fig. 25 one corner pieces 152 provided in place of the otherwise required for each corner two corner-forming portions 145 .. The corner pieces 152 can contribute to a rational manufacturing. With the corner pieces 152 miter cuts are unnecessary, otherwise cause a significant waste / waste.
The wood profiles can be butted against each other in the corner pieces as desired or lie together with a miter cut or even have small distance from each other.
Fig. 26a shows the situation of the buttocks wood profile ends 152.1 and 152.2. The corner piece 152 of the Fig. 26 is shown in phantom.
Instead of loose abutment is provided in other embodiments, a compound of the wood profile ends. The compound can serve alone as an assembly aid or, if necessary alone or with the strapping together the packaging give the necessary cohesion. As a connection while a screw 152.3 is provided. The screw can be easily set through the corner piece 152 because the corner piece 152.1 for the wood profile 152.1 has an opening extending from one end to the other end The same applies to the opening intended for the wood profile 152.2. Both openings traverse each other. As a result, through the opening belonging to the wood profile 152.1, the screw 152.3 can first be screwed through the profile 152.2 and then into the profile 152.1.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 25 In addition to the stacker feet further transport aids are provided. These are the hooks 149 and handles 150. In the exemplary embodiment, the hooks with openings 148 are provided in the side profiles 144. In the openings 148, the hooks 149 can be hooked, so that the discs can be transported hanging with the packaging. This has considerable advantages in construction, because there are often crane systems or hoists available there. With the facilities a wheel transport by hand is partly unnecessary.

However, if hand wheel transport is still required, a handle 150 on the package can be very helpful. The handle 150 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 21,22 by a S-shaped or meandering bent sheet or is made of molded plastic. The handle 150 is attached at the bottom of the corners of the package and should grab with claws in the package. At the same time, the handle 150 can embrace the corners of the package to help protect it and improve the fit of the handle 150 on the packaging corner.

Fig. 29 shows another application of in Fig. 27 profiles shown for the edge protection according to the invention. In this case, the edge protection of sections 165 and corner pieces 166 is set together. Like in Fig. 27 shown, are provided on the sides of the portions 165 grooves / recesses with dovetailed cross-section. These grooves continue in the corner pieces 166, to the respective end of the corner pieces 166, so that accessories can be pushed onto the corner pieces. The accessories grip this with dovetail-shaped cross-section springs / formations of appropriate dimensions in the grooves / recesses.

An accessory is in Fig. 30 shown. This is a U-shaped sleeve 170, which outside of the in Fig. 29 shown edge protection can be postponed. For this purpose, the interior of the sleeve 170 of the outer shape of the edge protection is adjusted accordingly. That is, the width of the interior is equal to the width of the edge protection plus a necessary movement play for sliding the sleeve 170. In addition, as with other accessories springs / formations are provided with dovetailed cross-section, which engage with sufficient play of movement in the grooves / recesses of the edge protection. This includes a corresponding distance of the springs / protrusions from the bottom of the sleeve 170.
The sleeve 170 carries a handle 172. After blocking the sleeve 170 at a desired location, the glass sheet with the package may be manually carried on the handle 172.
In the exemplary embodiment, blocking is provided with a narrow wedge, not shown, which is slid between the sleeve and edge protector. This happens in the exemplary embodiment from above, when the transported / packaged goods, together with the packaging is carried on the sleeves. This has the advantage that the wedges can not fall out of the gap between the sleeve and packaging.
The shorter the sleeve 170 is, especially if the sleeve length is shortened so far that can be spoken by a bracket, creates a self-locking of the sleeve on the package. The forces acting on the handle then cause tilting of the sleeve 170 on the package. It's enough slight tilting when the package and sleeve are made of plastic foam cut at the interface. The self-locking does not prevent the displacement of the sleeve 170 on the package, when the sleeve 170 is detected to move in the region of the dovetail grooves / recesses and springs / formations, so that the sliding forces attack there.

The handle 172 can also be used as a hook for hanging transport of the glass sheet and its packaging.

FIGS. 31 and 32 show further embodiments of handles. Both embodiments have an ironing shape, as they are after Fig. 30 explained sleeve reduction to a self-locking accessory / Transporthilfe arises.

Fig. 31 shows bracket 175, which has an opening 177, which has the cross section as the sleeve 170. As a result, the temple 175 can be pushed like the sleeve 170 on the edge protection. Advantageously, the bracket form blocked in the Exception / grooves by tilting when a corresponding train is exercised on the bracket shape. For this purpose, a handle opening 176 is provided in the bracket shape.
Also, this handle can be used for a suspended transport by a hook is hooked into the handle opening or through the handle opening 176 a traction device is guided and secured.

Fig. 31a builds on the embodiment of Fig. 31 for a handle which can be pushed onto the packaging. To Fig.31a is the same recess as too Fig. 31 provided, but designated 177.1. The material surrounding the packaging is the same as in Fig. 31 and designated 175.1.

On the side facing away from the recess 175.1, however, an ergonomically better shape is selected. The handle 178 has no edges, but is round and therefore more comfortable to embrace. The handle bar 178 is held between two side cheeks which taper from the encompassing material 175.1 to the handle bar 178.
This transport aid is like the other transport aids made of plastic, but a reinforcement is provided by Skirting or coating, as described elsewhere for the reinforcement of plastic foam.

Fig. 32 also shows a bow-shaped accessory / transport aid 180, that of the accessory after Fig. 31 differs in that it is angled hook-shaped at the end facing away from the recess 181. The hook-shaped end 182 can be used as a handle or for attaching suitable traction means.
Fig. 32a shows another handle as a transport aid, which differs from the handle Fig. 32 distinguished by an ergonomically better shape 182.1 of the handle forming angling. In the case of using this transport aid as a hook, this embodiment provides more security against slipping of ropes or the like lifting means.

In the FIGS. 31 and 32 The accessories shown / transport aid can also be used as forklift feet by being pushed on the outside edge protection on the edge protection.
To Fig. 33 this is optional also a special part 190 as an accessory / transport aid provided that from the accessories to FIGS. 31 and 32 differs in that it has neither a handle opening nor a hook-shaped end.

Advantageously, the wear in the FIGS. 31 to 33 In the application as forklift feet, the accessories shown contribute somewhat to the stability of the glass pane and packaging, because they produce a broad footprint.

Fig. 34 shows a special foot 191 as an accessory, which still causes a larger footprint than with the accessories 31 to 33.
The foot 191 is pushed onto the lower corners of the package.

Fig. 35 shows a further accessory 193 for the packaging according to the invention. The accessory 193 has two openings 194 and 195, each of which is adapted to be pushed over a package / edge protector according to the invention. As a result, two glass panes can be connected together on their packaging. Advantageously, the glass sheets and packaging then mutually stop.

Fig. 36 also shows an accessory / transport aid for a connection of two glass panes and their packaging. However, the connection profile 197 is then provided for connecting consecutive glass panes and their packaging. For this purpose, the connection profile has an H-shape with successive openings 198 and 199, with which the connection profile can be pushed over the packaging / edge protection according to the invention.

Fig. 37 also shows a transport aid 205 in H-shape, wherein the upper opening 206 is intended to embrace the inventive packaging / edge protection with the upwardly facing opening at the bottom, while in the lower opening a roller 207 is arranged, so that the Glass pane can be moved with its packaging using the transport aid.

Fig. 38 ties in with a Fig. 19 illustrated profile for the edge protection, which forms the compliance material for an edge protection according to the invention.
This in Fig. 19 profile shown shows a single recess 101 for an insert for receiving a glass sheet. The insert is replaceable and can be adapted by replacing the respective thickness of the glass. The inserts can meet a variety of glass thicknesses, depending on the dimensions of the inserts may be, for example, 5 or 10 or more different glass panes.
This is different from profile 215 Fig.38 in that there are provided two juxtaposed recesses. The two recesses are determined in the embodiment, the glass sheets directly (without the in Fig. 14 to 14f shown insert). Other Ausführungsbespiele are also intended to receive the glass panes without use and show the same recesses as the inserts of the Fig. 14 to 14f ,
The recesses of the embodiment according to Fig. 38 are graded. At the top, the recesses are designed to hold glass sheets 8mm thick. In the lowest of each recess 216, a constriction 217 is provided for receiving glass sheets with a thickness of 6mm.
The number of glass pane thicknesses for which the profile is after Fig. 38 is therefore two.

The FIGS. 39 and 40 show other profiles for edge protection according to the invention, ie are also intended to receive the glass panes directly.

The profiles 220 after Fig. 39 have four recesses 221 with constrictions 222 in the deepest. In the embodiment, the recesses 221 and 222 for other glass pane thicknesses as in the profile after Fig. 38 certainly.

The Fig. 40 show a profile 225 with recesses 226 and constrictions 228 in the deepest. The profile 225 is intended for further glass pane thicknesses.

The FIGS. 40 to 47 show different packaging for glass panels in comparison.
All packaging encloses the glass panes in the shape of a frame.
It shows Fig. 41 a package 230 with permanently provided stacker feet 231.
Fig. 42 shows a frame 235 with permanently provided belt hook 241. These are hooks on which the frame can be transported hanging on straps.
Fig. 43 shows a frame 240 with permanently provided carrying handles 241 to carry the frame on the carrying handles can.
Fig. 44 shows a frame 245 with attached feet 246. The feet serve to the frame 245 with the glass. Fig. 44a shows a single view of the feet. Thereafter, the feet consist of a triangular plate 247 and a Feder248.
The spring 248 is intended to be pushed into the above-described grooves which are outside the package.
The plate may be like the spring made of plastic foam, so that both parts are made in one piece. The plate shape is spatially space-saving. On the other hand, a thin plate is easily damaged. To reduce the risk of damage greater strength of the plastic foam plate is advantageous. For this purpose, the plate can be spotted or reinforced in the same way as described elsewhere for the profiles which form the packaging for the glass sheets.

In other embodiments, the plate and the spring are made of different materials together. The connection can be made by gluing or in a conventional manner mechanically.
The feet can be flush with the packaging, but the feet can also keep the packaging at a distance from the ground. In that case, it is advantageous to attach a small base to the feet, with which the packaging is grasped. The pedestals cause a corresponding distance of the packaging to the footprint.

Fig. 45 shows a frame 250 with a built-in strut 251 for stiffening the frame.
Fig. 46 shows a frame 255 having a plurality of braces connected to a cross 256 for stiffening the frame.
Fig.47 shows a frame 260 with a handle 261 at the upper end of the frame on one side and a roller 262 under the frame on the opposite frame side.

The Fig. 48 ties in with the Fig. 19 and shows a profile 265 with further profiles 266, 267 and 268. The other profiles 266,267 and 268 consist of the same plastic foam as the profile 265 and serve to thicken the profile 265. The additional profiles 266, 267 and 268 engage in grooves of the profile 265. The details of the grooves are in Fig. 19 described. Springs on the profiles 266, 267 and 268 correspond with these grooves. The springs belong to a so-called tongue and groove connection. The springs are formed by elevations / bulges on the profiles 266,267 and 268, which are adapted to the grooves in cross-sections, so that it is possible to push the profiles with these springs in the grooves.

In another embodiment, the profiles 266, 267 and 268 are made of open-cell plastic foam with 30-degree open-celledness. The percentage open cell refers to the total number of cells. The open celledness is determined by counting the cells on a straight line per unit length.
The open-celledness causes a damping behavior of the profiles 266, 267 and 268, because in a deformation, the air can escape from the open cells, so that only takes a slow recovery / recovery of the profiles at a discharge. This prevents vibrations of the cargo after an impact / abutment of the cargo. For sensitive glass, such as float glass, this has considerable advantages.
The profiles 266, 267 and 268 may in other embodiments also have a different cross-sectional shape, for example, with curves or nubs on the surface.

The Figs. 48a and 48b show variations of the thickening profiles 266,267 and 268 of FIG Fig. 48 , These are thickening profiles 270 and 271, whose springs 271 and 272 are arranged elsewhere. That is, in modification of the execution according to Fig. 48 are the lengths, thicknesses and the arrangement of the springs on the thickening profiles 266 to 268 of Fig. 48 changeable within wide limits.

The Figs. 48c and 48d show two more transport aids for the packaging according to the invention in the form of containers with which accessories and / or transport documents or assembly instructions, for example, can be shipped. The container after Fig. 48d is small, the container after Fig. 48c is great in comparison. Both containers have a spring 290 or 299 with which they are inserted into the existing grooves of the package can. In the two figures of the containers 291 and 298 a tubular defect is shown. After filling the container they are closed with lids, not shown.

The Fig. 48e shows an eyelet as a further transport aid for the packaging according to the invention. This further transport aid consists of a part 300, which with the packaging comprising part 175.1 of Fig. 31a is identical, but has a molded web 301. The eyelet is like the other transport aids made of plastic. However, the plastic is reinforced in the same way by skinning or coating as described elsewhere for the reinforcement of plastic foam.
The eyelet are suitable both for attaching lifting devices such as hooks and ropes as well as suitable for transport safety.
To use the eyelets for striking as lifting the eyelets can be pushed onto the sides, which are the top and bottom of the glass pane frame-shaped surrounding packaging pushed. The same applies to the top of the package. There is to be expected with the least burden of packaging.
The same applies to the use of the eyelets for load securing as to use for striking lifting devices.

Fig. 48f shows a transport aid with a pin. The transport aid is used to attach lifting equipment such as ropes and hooks. But it can also be used to carry by hand. This further transport aid consists of a part 310, which with the packaging comprising part 175.1 of Fig. 31a is identical, but has a molded pin 311. The transport aid is like the other transport aids made of plastic. However, the plastic is reinforced in the same way by skinning or coating as that elsewhere to reinforce plastic foam is described. The pins are slid onto the sides connecting the top and bottom of the package.

51 shows two profile halves 340 and 341, which have centrally a cavity 342 for insertion of a wooden rod as a reinforcing profile. The two profile halves 340 and 341 are welded together. At the top, the profile shown has a recess 343 for an insert, with which a glass pane is held in the exemplary embodiment and the edge of the glass pane is protected. In addition, the profile half 341 has a groove for a spring of a tongue and groove connection.
The profile half 340 has a spring 345 for a Nutz of a tongue and groove connection, the tongue and groove connection has a Schwalbenschanzform. The use of two profile halves and their welding has manufacturing advantages for small quantities. Then it is economical to cut the profile halves out of foam boards.

The profile after Fig. 52 differs from the profile 51 by other profile halves 351 and 352 as edge protection. The two profile halves are different than the profile halves after 51 held releasably together by a tongue and groove connection. The solubility is in multiple use of the packaging advantageous because in the case of damage to a profile half, the damaged profile half can be easily replaced with an undamaged profile half.
In addition, with the solubility results in a significant advantage in the storage of profiles for different profile cross sections.
If several slices are to be packed simultaneously and next to each other and only a small number of pieces occur with each number of slices, it may be advantageous to use the profile halves 350 and 352 as side profiles and To space the side profiles by means of center profiles 353 and 354 in order to increase the receptacle for the glass panes.
Fig. 53 shows a Prof with a center profile 353 between two side profiles 350 and 351. The two side profiles and the center profile can be connected together with a receptacle 360 for three glass panes.
Fig. 54 shows a profile with two central profiles 353 and 354 between the side profiles 350 and 351. These center profiles can be connected to the side profiles and a receptacle 361 for 6 glass panes.

Claims (29)

1. Packaging for sheet-shaped cargo such as glass (1, 26, 162) or the like,
   with a circumferential edge protection as a profile (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260),
   wherein the edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) consists at least partly of resilient material and a reinforcing material,
   wherein the resilient material surrounds the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2),
   wherein the resilient material exhibits a resilience that is at least 20% greater than the resilience of the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2), preferably at least 40%, even more preferably at least 60% and most preferably at least 80% greater than the resilience of the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2),
   wherein the resilient material consists of plastic foam.
   characterised in that
   the resilient material of the circumferential edge protection on the edges is composed of sections (142, 143, 144, 145),
   wherein the sections are held together on the sheet-shaped cargo by a strapping or by a strap or by a lashing belt or by a tensioned wrapping film or by a tensioned wrapping fabric on the sheet-shaped cargo.
2. Packaging according to claim 1, characterised in that the film or the fabric is at least partly laminated onto the packaging.
3. Packaging according to claim 1 or 2 characterised by sections (142, 143, 144, 145) of resilient material and profiles as the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2),

   a) wherein profiles as the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2) can be slid on and/or

   b) wherein profiles as the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2) can be slid into the resilient material and/or

   c) wherein from two adjacent sections (142, 143, 144, 145) one section (142, 143, 144, 145) engages with a protrusion into a recess of the other section (142, 143, 144, 145) and/or

   d) wherein from two adjacent sections (142, 143, 144, 145) one section (142, 143, 144, 145) engages with a connecting means onto or into the other section (142, 143, 144, 145) and/or

   e) wherein one or more sections (142, 143, 144, 145) are externally reinforced with a film and/or a fabric, preferably with a film and/or fabric that overlaps at least two sections (142, 143, 144, 145) made of resilient material and positioned side-by-side or behind one-another in the packaging, wherein even more preferably, the film or the fabric is laminated onto the resilient material and/or

   d) wherein the covering is an extruded skin or a skin from a hot wire cutter or a skin from heat treatment
4. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the resilient material is a plastic foam with at least 10% open cells, even more preferably with at least 20% open cells and most preferably with at least 30% open cells.
5. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the reinforcing material (152.1, 152,2) is of a metallic, organic or inorganic nature, or is made of plastic, or is made of a mixture of at least two different materials, even more preferably is constructed layer by layer.
6. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the sections (142, 143, 144, 145) used for one packaging can be at least partially used for a packaging of other dimensions.
7. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the reinforcing material (152.1, 152,2), in particular for glass sheets, is a wooden profile, preferably a roof batten and even more preferably a roof batten according to DIN 4074-1.
8. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the resilient material, referred to on the outer surface of the cargo, protrudes beyond the cargo, preferably encloses the edge that needs to be protected.
9. Packaging according to claim 8, characterised in that the reinforcing material (152.1, 152,2) extends into the region of the resilient material that protrudes beyond the cargo at a right angle to the outer surface of the cargo and preferably extends into the region with which the resilient material encloses the edge that needs to be protected.
10. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a circumferential edge-protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) for the cargo is provided and the edge-protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) is composed of individual sections (142, 143, 144, 145), held together by at least one strapping, or at least one tensioning-band, or at least one tensioning-strap, and/or at least a tensioned film enveloping the cargo, and/or at least a tensioned fabric enveloping the cargo, wherein a corner protection is provided in order to reduce the corner load and/or to improve the slip characteristics for the strapping, the strap or the strapping band or the film or the fabric on the packaging corner.
11. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that

    a) at least two profile-sections of the edge-protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) butt flush against one another with their ends at a corner of the cargo or

    b) at least two profile-sections (142, 143, 144, 145) of the edge-protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) with their ends are mitre cut at a corner of the cargo or

    c) at least two profile-sections (142, 143, 144, 145) of the edge-protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) with their ends butt against a corner piece at a corner of the cargo, in particular butt flush against the corner piece.
12. Packaging according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that

    a) a single profile-section (142, 143, 144, 145) is provided between two adjacent corners of the cargo or

    b) a plurality of profile-sections (142, 143, 144, 145) are provided between two adjacent corners of the cargo, in particular wherein out of the plurality of profile sections (142, 143, 144, 145) at least one section (142, 143, 144, 145) serves as a section-module (142, 143, 144, 145) of the same length for various packaging, and another profile-section (142, 143, 144, 145) forms an adjusting piece that together with one or more section-modules (142, 143, 144, 145), creates the required profile length between two adjacent corners
13. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 12 characterised by an interchangeable insert in the edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260)

    a) to receive and adjust to different thicknesses of the sheet-shaped cargo and/or

    b) to receive a plurality of adjacently arranged cargos and/or

    c) to adapt to different lengths and/or widths of the packaged cargo
14. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 13 characterised by

    a) stepped recesses in the edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) to receive inserts of differing thicknesses and/or cargos of different thicknesses and/or

    b) stepped recesses in the inserts in the edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) to receive cargos of different thicknesses
15. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 14 characterised by a permanently or detachably attachable thickening of the edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260),
    wherein

    a) the permanent thickening is preferably laminated on and/or

    b) a tongue and groove connection is preferably provided as the detachable thickening between the edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) and the thickening.
16. Packaging according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that a plurality of packagings are connectable together, preferably with a tongue and groove connection, wherein the tongue is undercut and the groove grips around the tongue, even more preferably by a dovetail-fit between tongue and groove.
17. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the resilient material consists

    a) wholly or partially of extruded plastic foam or

    b) wholly or partially of injection-moulded plastic foam.
18. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the band or strap used to hold the sections (142, 143, 144, 145) of the packaging together, is guided in a recess in the packaging/edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260), wherein available grooves preferably serve at the same time as a guide for the band or strap.
19. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the cavity in front of an outer surface of the cargo and enclosed by the edge-protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260), is at least partially filled with additional resilient material,

    a) wherein the additional resilient material is formed by the same or similar resilient material as on the edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260),

    b) wherein the additional resilient material for the enclosed surface area differs from the resilient material provided outside the enclosed area, preferably by a layer of cardboard or paperboard in the enclosed area, even more preferably by a honeycomb design of the cardboard or paperboard layer.
20. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 19 characterised by a wrapping of the cargo and edge-protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) in a film and/or in a fabric, wherein the film and/or the fabric preferably also encloses the resilient material provided to fill the cavity in front of the outer surface area of the cargo.
21. Packaging according to claim 20, characterised in that

    a) the film or the fabric consists of a shrinkable material that after a heat treatment shrinks and remains under stress, and/or

    b) the film and/or the fabric is bonded to the resilient material, wherein the film and/or the fabric and/or the resilient material remain under stress, and/or

    c) the film and/or the fabric loosely surround the resilient material and the packaging is equipped with a clamping device.
22. Packaging according to claim 20 or 21, characterised in that

    a) the film and/or the fabric is partially welded or is adhesively bonded to the resilient material or

    b) the fabric is embedded into the resilient material, preferably a glass-fibre fabric mesh, as the fabric is pressed into the molten surface of the resilient material

    c) strips of film and/or fabric are welded or adhesively bonded to the resilient material.
23. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 22 characterised by transport aids, preferably

    a) handles and/or

    b) loops and/or

    c) hooks and/or pins

    d) eyelets and/or

    e) rollers and/or

    f) feet and/or

    g) connection means and/or

    h) forklift feet and/or

    i) containers and/or

    j) connectors for a transport securing device
24. Packaging according to claim 23, characterised in that

    a) the handles are attached permanently or mounted detachably, preferably with handles

    aa) that are provided on the resilient material or on the reinforcing material (152.1,152.2), preferably in recesses of the resilient material or the reinforcing material (152.1,152.2), and/or

    aaa) that are attachable to the strapping, on the tensioning band or the tensioning belt,

    b) the loops are attached permanently or detachably mountable, preferably with loops,

    bb) that are attached on the resilient material or the reinforcing material (152.1,152.2), preferably on the wrapping, on the tensioning band or the tensioning belt,

    c) the rollers are housed in a separate casing and through the casing indirectly attached or detachably mountable onto the packaging, preferably with roller casings that are attached permanently or mounted detachably to the packaging, even more preferably with rollers that are integrated into packaging sections (142, 143, 144, 145),

    d) the feet are permanently attached or detachably mountable onto the packaging,

    e) the hooks or pins are permanently attached or mounted detachably onto the packaging, preferably with hooks or pins that are attached to the resilient material or the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2), preferably on the wrapping, on the tensioning band or the tensioning belt,

    f) the eyelets are permanently attached or mounted detachably onto the packaging, preferably with eyelets that are attached to the resilient material or the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2), preferably permanently attached or detachably mounted on the wrapping, on the tensioning band or the tensioning belt or are formed by the resilient material or by the wrapping, the tensioning band or the tensioning belt,

    g) the connection elements are provided for connecting abutting packaging sections (142, 143, 144, 145) and/or for connecting packaging standing side-by-side and/or packaging that stand behind one another

    h) the forklift feet are permanently attached or mounted detachably onto the packaging, preferably with forklift feet that are attached to the resilient material or the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2), or permanently attached or detachably mounted on the wrapping, on the tensioning band or the tensioning belt or are integrated into the packaging sections (142, 143, 144, 145)

    i) the containers are permanently attached or detachably mounted onto the packaging, preferably with containers that are attached to the resilient material or the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2), or permanently attached or detachably mounted on the wrapping, on the tensioning band or the tensioning belt or are integrated into the packaging sections (142, 143, 144, 145)

    j) the transport securing connections are permanently attached or detachably mounted onto the packaging, preferably with connections that are attached to the resilient material or the reinforcing material (152.1, 152.2), or permanently attached or detachably mounted on the wrapping, on the tensioning band or the tensioning belt.
25. Packaging according to claim 23 or 24, characterised in that the sections (142, 143, 144, 145) that form the edge protection (2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 35, 41, 45, 55, 60, 107, 124, 130, 140, 151, 230, 235, 240, 245, 260) are profiled on their outer surfaces in such a way that accessories and transport aids can be slid onto these profiles, wherein the profiles are formed by elevations and/or indentations, wherein preferably a tongue and groove connection is provided between the transport-aids and the profiles, even more preferably with tongue and groove connections with a dovetail-fitting, most preferably with tongue and groove connections that run in the longitudinal direction of the packaging-sections (142, 143, 144, 145), or at right angles thereto.
26. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterised in that

    a) the plastic foam that forms the resilient material is provided, at least on the corners and at least on one side, with a skin as the reinforcement and/or with a reinforcing film and/or with a reinforcing fabric, wherein the skin or the reinforcing fabric provides at least the same reinforcement as an unexpanded film with a thickness of 0.3 mm, preferably with a thickness of 0.6 mm, even more preferably with thickness of 0.9 mm, made of the same plastic as the plastic foam that forms the resilient material
    and/or

    b) a corner-protection, attached permanently or detachably mounted, is provided on at least the corners or the corner parts, preferably a corner protection that is attached to or lies loosely against the corner parts and held in place by the strapping
27. Packaging according to one of claims 23 to 26, characterised in that the transport aids are slidingly maintained in the packaging, and are maintained in their. respective position by self-locking or by additional clamping.
28. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterised in that edges on the plastic foam resilient material are rounded for creating a skin, in particular edges of recesses for an extrusion skin
29. Packaging according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterised in that

    a) the packaging is a disposable packaging or

    b) the packaging is a reusable packaging, wherein recovered, undamaged packaging can be used for a new cargo having the same dimensions and/or

    c) undamaged sections (142, 143, 144, 145) of recovered, damaged packaging can be used in combination with new sections (142, 143, 144, 145) for a new cargo and/or

    d) undamaged sections (142, 143, 144, 145) of recovered, undamaged packaging can be used for the packaging of other cargos.

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