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EP2811891A1 - Système pour examiner les mouvements oculaires, en particulier le réflexe vestibulo-oculaire et l'acuité visuelle dynamique - Google Patents

Système pour examiner les mouvements oculaires, en particulier le réflexe vestibulo-oculaire et l'acuité visuelle dynamique

Info

Publication number
EP2811891A1
EP2811891A1 EP13707290.6A EP13707290A EP2811891A1 EP 2811891 A1 EP2811891 A1 EP 2811891A1 EP 13707290 A EP13707290 A EP 13707290A EP 2811891 A1 EP2811891 A1 EP 2811891A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
eye
person
designed
rotation axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13707290.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Hegemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zurich Universitaet Institut fuer Medizinische Virologie
Original Assignee
Zurich Universitaet Institut fuer Medizinische Virologie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zurich Universitaet Institut fuer Medizinische Virologie filed Critical Zurich Universitaet Institut fuer Medizinische Virologie
Priority to EP13707290.6A priority Critical patent/EP2811891A1/fr
Publication of EP2811891A1 publication Critical patent/EP2811891A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/6803—Head-worn items, e.g. helmets, masks, headphones or goggles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for examining eye and head movements.
  • a system for examining eye and head movements comprises a sensor means being designed to detect a movement of at least one eye of a person (e.g. relative to the head of the person), particularly when said at least one eye fixates an optotype displayed on a screen in front of the person during a movement of the head generated by another person for instance (e.g.
  • said sensor means is also designed to detect a movement of the head with respect to a space-fixed coordinate system, wherein said movement may be generated by another person that rotates the head an amount of 10 to 20°, particularly 15° randomly to the left or to the right about the vertical (head) axis (or an axis perpendicular to the plane of two vertical semicircular canals (LARP and RALP plane), i.e., in the axis of maximal vertical SCC sensitivity), while the person fixates the optotype by means of the at least one eye, and a processing means (processing unit) connected to said sensor means, which processing means is configured to process said detected movements, particularly to compare said movements and/or to determine said movement of the at least one eye with respect to said space fixed coordinate system in order to determine/estimate the vestibulo-ocular reflex (response) of the at least one eye associated to the respective movement of the head upon fixating the optotype.
  • processing unit processing unit
  • Such a test is also known as a head-impulse-test (HIT) and serves for measuring the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR).
  • HIT head-impulse-test
  • VOR vestibulo-ocular reflex
  • the vestibular labyrinths of a human allow for measuring head position, head velocity and head acceleration in space. These parameters are used to stabilize the eyes in space during head movements.
  • This reflex being the most essential reflex to optimize vision during head movements is called the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). It is the fastest reflex in humans having a very short latency (typically about 7-10 ms) as well as a very high accuracy permitting eye stabilization and thus retinal image stabilization at head movements of high velocities (up to about 600deg/s) and high frequencies (up to about 20 Hz).
  • An example would be the combination of bilateral bithermal vestibular stimulation - in the following called calorics - and rotary chair testing or HIT.
  • Some tests can only measure special sensors in the vestibular organs, e.g. calorics, for instance merely the horizontal semicircular canals.
  • calorics for instance merely the horizontal semicircular canals.
  • Performing all available tests in patients would require high costs, extremely high skilled technical operators and intensive analysis of all available data to deal with partly contradicting results from the tests performed. Conducting all tests also causes discomfort for most patients.
  • the problem underlying the present invention is to improve the afore-mentioned system for examining eye movement concerning reliability, particularly to reduce discomfort for the person whose ocular motor system is to be examined.
  • the system according to the invention further comprises a display means that is designed to display an optotype on a screen (e.g. a beamer and a screen or a display such as an LCD) for a short period of time (e.g. 100 ms), such that the optotype can be seen by the person by means of the at least one eye of the person when the screen is positioned in front of the person and faces the at least one eye, wherein the processing means is configured to trigger the display means for displaying the optotype on the screen depending on said movement detected by the sensor means.
  • a display means that is designed to display an optotype on a screen (e.g. a beamer and a screen or a display such as an LCD) for a short period of time (e.g. 100 ms), such that the optotype can be seen by the person by means of the at least one eye of the person when the screen is positioned in front of the person and faces the at least one eye
  • the processing means is configured to trigger the display means for displaying the opt
  • the system according to the invention allows for a combination of HIT with the dynamic visual acuity (DVA) test that measures (dynamic) visual acuity during fast head movements. It compares vision in stable head position and during head movements. Particularly, the type and number of head movements to be performed in DVA is almost identical to HIT.
  • the visual target (optotype) is projected/generated on a screen and occurs only for a specified (short) period of time after the head velocity reaches a certain velocity for instance (other criteria are also conceivable, see below) triggering the target (optotype) appearance over said period of time.
  • HIT-testing shows a pathologic VOR gain, than vision cannot be stabilized or the HIT result must be wrong. If both tests show similar results, than the reliability of these test results is markedly increased. In other words the combination of both tests, i.e., a corresponding system particularly allowing for performing these tests simultaneously supports the physician in making a more significant and reliable diagnosis.
  • DVA may also work in the head heave and head surge test to measure otolith function, i.e. the function of the sensors for linear acceleration and gravity, or the linear VOR.
  • the processing means is configured to trigger the display means for displaying the optotype on the screen when the head reaches (or exceeds) a pre-defined velocity, acceleration and/or position, wherein particularly these quantities are angular quantities (i.e. angular velocity, acceleration and/or position) with respect to a specified rotation axis, for instance the vertical (head) axis.
  • angular quantities i.e. angular velocity, acceleration and/or position
  • Other axes/coordinate systems may also be employed.
  • said quantities may also correspond to linear velocity, linear acceleration and/or position.
  • the processing means is configured to trigger the display means for displaying an optotype having an orientation that is randomly chosen out of a finite number of possible orientations.
  • an optotype comprises a structure (feature), wherein particularly said orientations correspond to different positions of the structure obtained by rotating the optotype in its extension plane.
  • the optotype is a Landolt ring having a break (recess) as said structure, wherein the break comprises a length along the periphery of the ring that is one-fifth of the overall (outer) diameter of the ring, and wherein particularly said orientations correspond to the break being positioned at 0° (upwards), 45°, 90° (showing to the right), 135°, 180° (downwards), 225°, 270° (showing to the left), and 315° with respect to the vertical (when the system and person take their respective proper position).
  • the processing means may control the display means to display a point or any other suitable structure on the screen, which disappears when the movement of the head starts, wherein the respective optotype appears at the position of said point.
  • the optotype is a Landolt ring
  • the Landolt ring may appear around said point.
  • the size of the point is constant and does not change when the size of the optotype changes.
  • the processing means may be formed by a computer, on which a suitable software is executed.
  • the computer may have suitable interfaces for connecting to the sensor means, the display means and to an input means (see below).
  • an input means being connected to the processing means, wherein said input means preferably comprises a number of actuating elements (e.g. keys), wherein each of these actuating elements uniquely corresponds to one of the different orientations of the optotype (in case of a Landolt ring eight such actuating elements corresponding to the eight different orientation stated above may be present).
  • actuating elements e.g. keys
  • the person is advised to press the actuating element corresponding to the currently shown optotype.
  • the pressed actuating element and the associated orientation may be stored for further processing by means of the processing means (e.g. computer).
  • the processing means is particularly configured to reduce the outer diameter of the optotype during a test conducted with the system according to the invention in order to estimate a measure for the dynamic visual acuity, which particularly corresponds to the reciprocal value of the length of the break of the smallest Landolt ring in angular minutes that can be perceived by the person (with a pre-defined certainty).
  • a particularly interesting value is the visual loss, which can be determined by comparing the SAV (stable visual acuity) with the DVA, i.e., by subtracting from the stable visual acuity the DVA.
  • MAR [angular minutes] 120 * arctan (h/(2 * d)), where d is the distance between the at least one eye (person) and the screen (optotype).
  • the decadic logarithm of this quantity (logMAR) is usually used as a unit when for stating the stable visual acuity (SVA).
  • the DVA can be determined, wherein this time the head of the person is moved as described above.
  • the sensor means may be formed by a stationary camera that is not moving with the head and is designed to be arranged in front of the person in order to record (upon a movement of the head as described above) a sequence of images (movie or live stream) of the pupil of the at least one eye as well as of at least a region of the head (face) containing the at least one eye, wherein particularly the processing means is designed to determine from said sequence of images the movement of the at least one eye, particularly with respect to the head or a space- fixed coordinate system, as well as said movement of the head, particularly with respect to a space-fixed coordinate system.
  • the processing means is designed to determine from said sequence of images the angular acceleration, angular velocity and/or angular position of the at least one eye (in three dimensions) with respect to a head-fixed and/or space-fixed- coordinate system.
  • the processing means is also designed to determine from said sequence of images the angular acceleration, angular velocity and/or angular position of the head of the person (in three dimensions) with respect to a space-fixed-coordinate system.
  • a head-fixed coordinate system for describing eye movements (rotations)
  • the processing means may also be designed to determine from said sequence of images a linear acceleration, linear velocity, and/or linear position of the head (in three dimensions) with respect to a space-fixed-coordinate system.
  • the sensor means comprises (at least) a first sensor being designed to detect the movement of the at least one eye, particularly relative to the head of the person, as well as a second sensor being designed to detect the movement of the head of the person, particularly with respect to a space- fixed coordinate system.
  • the first and second sensor may each consist of several sensor elements (components), which may be designed to detect movements concerning at least one direction (axis), respectively.
  • the first sensor is designed to detect the angular acceleration, angular velocity and/or angular position (i.e. angle) of the at least one eye about a first rotation axis of the at least one eye, wherein particularly the first rotation axis of the at least one eye is a vertical rotation axis (yaw) with respect to an upright position of the head of the person (i.e. with respect to a head-fixed coordinate system).
  • the first sensor may be designed to also detect the angular acceleration, angular velocity and/or angular position (angle) of the at least one eye of the person about a second rotation axis of the at least one eye (also denoted as pitch) extending orthogonal to the first rotation axis, wherein particularly the second rotation axis is a (further) horizontal rotation axis extending particularly along the frontal plane of the person.
  • the first sensor may be also designed to detect the angular acceleration, angular velocity and/or angular position (angle) of the at least one eye about a third rotation axis of the at least one eye (also denoted as roll) running orthogonal to the first and/or second rotation axis.
  • the third rotation axis is also a horizontal rotation axis running along the sagittal plane of the person. From the movements (components) along the three orthogonal axes, the three-dimensional axes of head and eye rotation in space can be calculated (e.g. by the processing means).
  • the second sensor is designed to detect the angular acceleration, angular velocity and/or angular position (i.e. angle) of the head about a first rotation axis, wherein particularly the first rotation axis is a vertical rotation axis with respect to an upright position of the head of the person (this is also denoted as yaw).
  • the second sensor may be designed to also detect the angular acceleration, angular velocity and/or angular position (angle) of the head of the person about a second rotation axis (also denoted as pitch) running orthogonal to the first rotation axis, wherein particularly the second rotation axis is a (further) horizontal rotation axis extending particularly along the frontal plane of the person.
  • the second sensor may be also designed to detect the angular acceleration, angular velocity and/or angular position (angle) about a third rotation axis (also denoted as roll) running orthogonal to the first and/or second rotation axis.
  • the third rotation axis is also a horizontal rotation axis running along the sagittal plane of the person.
  • the second sensor is preferably designed to (also) detect a linear acceleration, linear velocity, and/or (linear) position of the head at least along a first translation axis, particularly also along a second translation axis orthogonal to the first translation axis, particularly also along a third translation axis orthogonal to the other translation axes.
  • the three-dimensional movement particularly axis in case of a linear movement
  • the processing means may calculate the three-dimensional movement (particularly axis in case of a linear movement) in space.
  • the processing means is adapted to trigger the display means for displaying the optotypes when the head (due to its respective movement) reaches (or exceeds) a pre-defined angular acceleration, angular velocity, and/or angular position with respect to the first rotation axis (vertical).
  • Other criteria related to other axes and movements of the head are also conceivable.
  • the first sensor comprises at least one camera in an embodiment of the invention, particularly a CCD-camera, that is designed to capture (i.e. record) the pupil of the at least one eye.
  • the second sensor comprises a mirror that is designed to be arranged in front of the at least one eye so as to reflect light coming from the pupil into the camera (i.e. on an objective of the camera so that said light can be detected by the CCD of said camera).
  • the first sensor comprises an infrared light source (such as an IR diode) that is designed to illuminate the pupil with infrared light that can be detected by the camera.
  • said mirror is a beam-splitter (e.g. a half silvered mirror), which is transparent so that the person can recognize the displayed optotypes through the mirror.
  • the first sensor may also comprise a camera for the other eye of the person in an analogous fashion, so that the system may measure the VOR/DVA of both eyes (or either the left eye or the right eye).
  • the camera does not necessarily need a beam splitter.
  • One may also employ a camera, which may directly detect the eye movement without being displaced by the head movement (e.g. a space-fixed camera), which may be designed to simultaneously detect head movement and eye movement in a space-fixed coordinate system (see above).
  • the at least one camera generates (records) a movie or live stream of the at least one eye
  • the processing means is preferably configured to analyze said stream, particularly a contour (shape) of the pupil or reflections in the region of the pupil, in order to determine the direction along which the eye moves (e.g. the three-dimensional eye rotation) as a response to the respective head movement.
  • the first sensor may instead comprise at least one search coil being designed to be attached to the at least one eye (or two such search coils for each eye so that measurements can be performed with respect to both eyes of the person), wherein the first sensor particularly comprises at least one magnetic field generation means.
  • the magnetic field generation means may be designed to generate three magnetic fields each being associated to a different spatial axis of a (space-fixed) coordinate system, which fields oscillate with different pre-defined frequencies such that currents of corresponding frequencies are induced in the search coils, which allow for determining the movement of the at least one eye with respect to said axes.
  • a search coil is fixed to the head of the person to be tested also the head movement in space can be measured (gold standard).
  • the search (induction) coil may be embedded in a flexible carrier (e.g. a ring or a kind of contact "lens”), which may be produced out of a silicone rubber, and which can be attached to the limbus of the at least one eye so that it is arranged concentric with respect to the cornea.
  • a flexible carrier e.g. a ring or a kind of contact "lens”
  • an alternating horizontal and vertical magnetic field may be generated by the magnetic field generation means such that two analog voltages may be obtained from the search coil(s), which are proportional to the sine of the horizontal and vertical eye position, i.e., the angular movement about the vertical axis (yaw) and about the horizontal axis (pitch).
  • a further search coil may be provided (for each eye) being wound in the sagittal plane, so that the horizontal, vertical and torsional eye position (roll) can be measured (with respect to a space-fixed coordinate system since the magnetic field generation means is preferably static, i.e., not moving with the head).
  • the processing means is configured to store a time series of the angular velocity of the head, particularly about the first rotation axis (e.g.
  • the first rotation axis of the head and the first rotation axis of the at least one eye may be the actual three-dimensional rotation axis of the respective rotational movement or any other (suitable) three- dimensional rotation axis (in a space-fixed coordinate system for head movements or in a head- or space-fixed coordinate system for eye movements) that can be used to describe the respective rotational movement or components thereof.
  • the processing means is configured to determine from said recorded movements (angular velocity over time) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain, namely for instance by determining the ratio between said angular velocity of the head and said angular velocity of the at least one eye (for instance at the respective peak angular velocity of the head).
  • VOR vestibulo-ocular reflex
  • the processing means may be configured to display the angular velocity of the head, particularly about the first rotation axis (vertical axis), and the angular velocity of the at least one eye (or both eyes), particularly about the first rotation axis of the eye, particularly in real time, in order to visualize deviations between the two angular velocities in particular, wherein the processing means is particularly designed to display the two angular velocities (e.g.
  • VOR vestibulo-occular reflex
  • the processing means may be designed to display the two velocities such that they oppose each other, i.e., such that they are (essentially) mirror-symmetrical with respect to the time-axis in case of a VOR gain being equal to 1.0.
  • the system preferably comprises a retainer that is designed to circulate the head along a periphery of the head (such as a goggle) in order to secure the retainer on the head of the person.
  • the retainer has a tight fit so that it does not move with respect to the head, when the latter is moved (rotated).
  • the retainer may be adjustable in order to guarantee said tight fit.
  • the system according to the invention may comprise a movement generating device that is designed to be controlled by the processing means, wherein the movement generating device comprises a first element that is mounted on a second element, wherein the first element can be moved with respect to the stationary second element by means of at least one actuator (such as a motor), and wherein the first element is designed to be coupled to the head of the person, such that the head can be moved by the at least one actuator along a pre-defined track, which may be variable.
  • the movement generating device is designed to move the first element such that the head (coupled to the first element) is rotated, particularly about a vertical axis.
  • the generated movement of the head may also correspond to a translation or superposition of a translation and a rotation when necessary.
  • the processing means may be designed to trigger movements of the first element randomly in opposite directions, particularly rotations about the vertical head axis.
  • the movement generating device can also be formed by a device as described in detail in WO2009/129222 A2 for instance.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to control the display means by means of the eye position (movement).
  • the eye-movement signal as generated by the sensor means or alternatively by the first sensor (see above) has to be send to a processing means controlling the displayed image (e.g. optotype) according to said eye position.
  • a processing means controlling the displayed image e.g. optotype
  • the system thus enables retinal image stabilization even during eye movement or the control of retinal shift. This may also be combined with stabilization of gaze in space, i.e. on a target, even during simultaneous head and eye movements.
  • such a system may comprise a sensor means, particularly as described above, being designed to detect a movement of at least one eye of the person relative to the head, and a processing means connected to the sensor means, which processing means is configured to process the detected movement, wherein the device further comprises a display means (e.g.
  • a beamer and an associated screen or a display such as an LCD that is designed to display an image, particularly an optotype, on a screen, such that the image/optotype can be seen by the person by means of the at least one eye of the person when the screen is positioned in front of the person and faces the at least one eye
  • the processing means is configured to control the display means in order to adjust a position of the image/optotype on the screen depending on said movement (position) of the at least one eye, particularly so as to stabilize the image on the retina of the at least one eye or to control retinal shift.
  • the sensor means may further be designed to detect a movement of a head of the person (with respect to a space-fixed coordinate system for instance), wherein the sensor means (e.g. the second sensor) interacts with the processing means, and wherein the processing means is configured to control the display means in order to adjust a position of the image on the screen depending also on said movement (position) of the head.
  • the sensor means e.g. the second sensor
  • the processing means is configured to control the display means in order to adjust a position of the image on the screen depending also on said movement (position) of the head.
  • the sensor means may be formed by a single stationary camera or may consist of further units/devices, e.g., a first and a second sensor (see above).
  • the afore-described systems may all comprise a stimulating device interacting with the processing means, which stimulating device is designed to stimulate the vestibular sensors of the person, particularly by means of caloric vestibular, galvanic vestibular, air-conducted or bone-conducted stimulation.
  • the problem according to the invention is solved by a method for examining eye movements, particularly the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and dynamic visual acuity, according to claim 20, wherein the method is particularly conducted using a system according to the invention, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
  • the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain is determined (simultaneously) by means of the detected movements of said head and the associated detected movements of the at least one eye trying to fixate the respectively displayed optotype when said head undergoes the respective movement.
  • an optotype having an orientation that is randomly chosen out of a finite number of possible orientations is displayed when said head of said person exceeds a certain acceleration, velocity and/or reaches a certain position due to the respective movement, wherein particularly said optotype comprises a structure or detail as already described above so that said orientations correspond to different positions of said structure/detail obtained by rotating the optotype in the plane of the screen.
  • the person to be tested is asked to actuate one of a plurality of actuating elements of an input means connected to said processing means, wherein the actuating element has to be actuated that corresponds to the currently displayed optotype, wherein particularly the processing means stores whether the actuated actuating means corresponds to the displayed optotype or not.
  • actuating element has to be actuated that corresponds to the currently displayed optotype
  • processing means stores whether the actuated actuating means corresponds to the displayed optotype or not.
  • the dynamic visual acuity is particularly determined from the smallest optotype that can be resolved by the person (with a pre-defined certainty). Therefore, during the test, an outer diameter of the displayed optotypes is stepwise reduced between successive movements of the head of the person in order to find the smallest optotype whose orientation can be correctly recognized by the person.
  • the DVA may be calculated by the head velocity or acceleration for which an optotype of a fixed size is still barely visible.
  • the dynamic vision acuity corresponds to the reciprocal value of the length of the break of the smallest Landolt ring in angular minutes that can be perceived by the person.
  • said movements of the head of the person are generated by another person (e.g. by a physician) or are automatically generated.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic overview of the setup of a system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows the head and corresponding eye velocity in case of a proper VOR and in a case where eye adaptation needs additional saccades.
  • Figure 1 shows a system 1 according to the invention for measuring the VOR as well as DVA.
  • the system 1 comprises a first sensor 10 comprising two CCD cameras 100 for generating a live stream of the eyes E, E' of a person P whose eye movements M', M" shall be examined.
  • Light coming from the eyes E, E' (an illumination of the eyes by means of an infrared source is possible) is coupled into the optical path of the respectively associated camera 100 by means of a half-silvered (transparent) mirror 1 1 , which is arranged in front of the respective eye E, E'.
  • the cameras 100, mirrors 1 1 and eventually an infrared source are fastened to a goggle-like retainer 70 that can be fixed on the head H of the person (P).
  • the system 1 further comprises a second sensor 20 fastened to the retainer 70 for detecting a movement M of the head H about the rotation axes Z, Y and X, wherein presently a rotation M of the head H by an angle of approximately 15° about the vertical axis Z is considered that is randomly generated by another person (either to the left or to the right).
  • the second sensor 20 may comprise a sensor component 200 arranged on the retainer 71 at the fore head of the person P for measuring rotation about the Z axis (first rotation axis or yaw) and about the Y axis (second rotation axis or pitch) and another sensor component 200 positioned on a side of the head (H) for measuring rotation about the X axis (third rotation axis or roll).
  • the sensors 10, 20 are connected via a data connection 31 to a processing means 30 that is designed to determine from the live stream of the cameras 100 the current position and thus movement M', M" of the eyes E, E' relative to the head H being a reaction to the head's H movement M.
  • a processing means 30 that is designed to determine from the live stream of the cameras 100 the current position and thus movement M', M" of the eyes E, E' relative to the head H being a reaction to the head's H movement M.
  • the single stationary camera described above may be employed.
  • the head M is moved a number of times, wherein for each such random head rotation M (either to the left or to the right, see above) the angular velocity V of the respective head movement M and the corresponding angular velocities V of the eyes E, E' are stored by means of the processing means 30, wherein the person P is told to fixate a Landolt ring 50 that is displayed on a screen 41 of a display means 40 upon each movement M of the head H, once the respective movement M of said head H fulfils a certain criterion, e.g., shows a threshold angular velocity, acceleration and/or position.
  • a certain criterion e.g., shows a threshold angular velocity, acceleration and/or position.
  • the eye movements M', M" are movements compensating for the respective random head movement M and thus allow for accessing VOR and DVA.
  • the latter is connected via a data connection 33 to the processing means 30 that is designed to trigger the display means 40 according to said pre-defined criterion.
  • the person P is asked to identify the orientation of the break 51 of the Landolt ring 50 that is shown during a head movement M by pressing a uniquely associated actuating element 61 of an input means 60 being connected via a data connection 32 to the processing means 30.
  • the orientations are chosen randomly by the processing means 30 and the outer diameter D of the Landolt ring is reduced from time to time by the processing means 30 (for instance the Landolt ring 50 shown in Figure 1 has an orientation corresponding to a position of 270° of the break 51 with respect to the vertical; thus the key 61 showing a ring opening to the left has to be pressed).
  • the DVA of the person P can be computed from the smallest Landolt ring 50 whose orientation can be correctly identified.
  • the corresponding MAR is given by
  • MAR [angular minutes] 120 * arctan (h/(2 * d)), wherein d is the distance between the person's eyes E, E' and the optotype 50 (i.e. screen 41 ).
  • the DVA is usually stated using logMAR, i.e., the decadic logarithm of the MAR (see also above). (Comparing the DVA with the SVA that may determined in beforehand using the system according to the invention (static head), the visual loss can be determined, see above).
  • the VOR can be for instance determined by comparing the respective head movement M with the corresponding eye movements M', M". Therefore, the processing means 30 is designed to record said movements M, M', M" and to compare the head movements M to the associated eye movements M', M" as illustrated in Figure 2, which shows the head movement's angular velocity V (solid line) over the time t when the head H is abruptly pivoted about the yaw axis Z for an angle between 10° to 20°, for instance, and more slowly back to its initial position.
  • angular velocity V about the vertical eye rotation axis Z' of eye E for instance in case of a proper VOR where the eye movement M' essentially corresponds to the head movement M and the VOR gain (ratio between head and eye angular velocity V) is essentially 1 .0 (dashed dotted line).

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (1) permettant d'examiner simultanément le réflexe vestibulo-oculaire et l'acuité visuelle dynamique, et qui comprend : des moyens de détection (10, 20) conçus pour détecter un mouvement (Μ', M") d'au moins un oeil (E, E') d'une personne (P) par rapport à la tête (H) de celle-ci (P), et un mouvement (M) de la tête (H) par rapport à un système de coordonnées fixe dans l'espace, et des moyens de traitement (30) qui interagissent avec les moyens de détection (10, 20), lesdits moyens de traitement (30) étant configurés pour traiter les mouvement détectés (M, M', M"). Selon l'invention, le système (1) comprend en outre des moyens d'affichage (40) conçus pour afficher un optotype (50), sur un écran (41) des moyens d'affichage (40), pendant une durée prédéfinie, les moyens de traitement (30) étant configurés pour déclencher l'affichage de l'optotype (50) sur l'écran (41), par les moyens d'affichage (40), en fonction du mouvement (M) de la tête (H) détecté par les moyens de détection (20). L'invention concerne de plus un procédé permettant de déterminer le réflexe vestibulo-oculaire et l'acuité visuelle dynamique.
EP13707290.6A 2012-02-09 2013-02-08 Système pour examiner les mouvements oculaires, en particulier le réflexe vestibulo-oculaire et l'acuité visuelle dynamique Withdrawn EP2811891A1 (fr)

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EP13707290.6A EP2811891A1 (fr) 2012-02-09 2013-02-08 Système pour examiner les mouvements oculaires, en particulier le réflexe vestibulo-oculaire et l'acuité visuelle dynamique

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EP12154793 2012-02-09
EP13707290.6A EP2811891A1 (fr) 2012-02-09 2013-02-08 Système pour examiner les mouvements oculaires, en particulier le réflexe vestibulo-oculaire et l'acuité visuelle dynamique
PCT/EP2013/052595 WO2013117727A1 (fr) 2012-02-09 2013-02-08 Système pour examiner les mouvements oculaires, en particulier le réflexe vestibulo-oculaire et l'acuité visuelle dynamique

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