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EP2868907B1 - Heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2868907B1
EP2868907B1 EP14191338.4A EP14191338A EP2868907B1 EP 2868907 B1 EP2868907 B1 EP 2868907B1 EP 14191338 A EP14191338 A EP 14191338A EP 2868907 B1 EP2868907 B1 EP 2868907B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
heat
lines
conducting
exchanger according
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EP14191338.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2868907A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Frauscher
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Frauscher Holding GmbH
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Frauscher Holding GmbH
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Publication of EP2868907A1 publication Critical patent/EP2868907A1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055Heaters or coolers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2255/00Heater tubes
    • F02G2255/20Heater fins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2256/00Coolers
    • F02G2256/02Cooler fins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00Fins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00Fins
    • F28F2215/12Fins with U-shaped slots for laterally inserting conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/122Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by crimping, caulking or clinching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine with an inflow and outflow side for a combustion gas, with lines arranged between the inflow and outflow side for guiding the working gas of the thermodynamic machine which is in indirect heat exchange with the combustion gas and with at least one with at least one line thermally connected heat-conducting fin, which protrudes from the rear of at least one line from the inflow side.
  • a Stirling engine is known from the prior art in order to increase the surface area of a heat exchanger of a thermodynamic machine charged with a combustion gas and thus to increase its efficiency ( EP1988352A2 ), in which the working gas-carrying lines of the heat exchanger are provided with heat-conducting fins.
  • each line is covered on its front side, seen from the upstream side of the heat exchanger, with the heat conducting rib, which then protrudes from the rear side of the line.
  • heat-conducting fins designed in this way lead to a high design outlay on the heat exchanger, which proves, inter alia, disadvantageous with regard to the production costs.
  • a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the DE3844554A1 known.
  • the invention therefore has the task of simplifying the design of a heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine, but nevertheless ensuring high efficiency.
  • the manufacturing expenditure of the heat exchanger can be significantly reduced and at the same time its efficiency can be improved because the surface of several lines is increased at the same time by a heat-conducting rib.
  • the heat-conducting fins also have tabs that protrude to the front of the lines and form a positive connection with at least one of the lines, this not only enables a stable attachment of the heat-conducting fins to the lines in a structurally simple manner, but also the heat transfer of the combustion gas flowing into the heat exchanger to be improved on the working gas.
  • the tabs can in fact contribute to increasing the surface of the line in the area of the upstream side, which can ensure better heat removal of the combustion gas flowing directly into the heat exchanger. Despite the simplicity of the design of the heat exchanger, a high level of stability combined with a high degree of efficiency can thus be achieved according to the invention.
  • the efficiency of the heat exchanger can be increased even further by the lines on the front being free of lugs at least in some areas. Because of this front release of the lines, the heat-conducting fins do not hinder the direct loading of the lines with combustion gas, which can increase or accelerate the heat exchange with the working gas carried in the lines. In addition, this exemption allows the radiant heat of a burner to hit the pipes directly, which further increases the heat input. The indirect heat transfer of the heat exchanger can thus be improved.
  • the heat exchanger has flow openings between the lines for the combustion gas flowing from the inflow to the outflow side, a high surface area on the heat exchanger can be made possible without deflection losses. This can further increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the attachment of the heat-conducting fins to the lines can be improved.
  • the lines of the lines can be stabilized with respect to undesired thermal expansions and the dimensions of the heat exchanger can thus be kept within narrow tolerances. A stable heat exchanger can be created with it.
  • a firm hold of the heat-conducting fin on the lines can be created if at least two tabs form a positive connection between the heat-conducting fin and a line.
  • the design relationships can be further simplified if at least one tab in a curved form connects to a respective line.
  • Corresponding bends can be produced, for example, with the aid of a tool acting from the inflow side in order to form the positive connection between the heat-conducting rib and the line.
  • this pre-tensioning bend can ensure that the heat-conducting fin remains tightened on the line - thus preventing an interruption in the connection for the heat-conducting connection of the heat-conducting fin and line.
  • At least one tab is designed to be rotatable from an assembly position inclined to the rib plane into a fastening position plane with the rib plane, structurally simple way to create a stable form fit between the heat-conducting rib and the line.
  • the assembly of the heat exchanger can be made considerably easier.
  • the heat-conducting fins can be fastened to the lines by simply pressing them onto the lines and, if necessary, subsequently soldered.
  • the surface of the heat exchanger can be increased even further by providing at least one intermediate plate between the heat-conducting fins, which is attached to the heat-conducting fins and connects to the respective lines. In this way, the efficiency of the heat exchanger can also be improved.
  • the intermediate plates are provided in rows lying one on top of the other and arranged in a gap, a further increase in the surface area and thus in the efficiency of the heat exchanger can be ensured.
  • the surface of the heat exchanger can be increased.
  • a concave surface can be cylindrical or semi-cylindrical, for example, which in particular can create a compact heat exchanger.
  • the lines can, for example, be arranged in a symmetrical arrangement next to one another around the inflow side in one or more rows in order to remove heat from the inflowing combustion gas in an improved manner.
  • a relatively high mechanical and / or thermal stability on the heat exchanger can be achieved in this way.
  • heat-conducting fins can of course also be cohesively connected to the lines for positive locking, for example by a soldering process.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention can preferably be used in a thermodynamic machine.
  • This heat exchanger can in particular extract thermal energy from the combustion gas of the thermodynamic machine or the combustion gas supplied to the thermodynamic machine.
  • thermodynamic machine 1 for example shown, for example a sterling machine designed as an “alpha machine”, shows a heat exchanger 2 according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the heat exchanger 2 is connected by means of connecting lines 3, 4 to the expansion cylinder 5 or to a regenerator housing 6 and carries the working gas 7 of the thermodynamic machine 1 between them.
  • the path of the working gas 7 of the thermodynamic machine 1 leads from the regenerator housing 6 via the connecting line 3 into the lines 10 and subsequently via the connecting line 4 into the expansion cylinder 5 - and back again.
  • the heat exchanger 2 has an inflow side 8 on which the lines 10 are arranged.
  • the surfaces of the lines 10 and the heat exchanger 2 are enlarged with the aid of heat-conducting fins 15.
  • heat-conducting fins 15 are connected to a plurality of lines 10 and fastened to at least one line 10.
  • the thermal fins 15 protrude from the upstream side 8 of these lines 10 from the rear side or from the rear side 18 thereof (cf. also Fig. 2 ).
  • the heat-conducting fins 15 each have tabs 15a and 15b. These tabs 15a and 15b protrude from the front 16 of the lines 10, which front 16 is directed towards the inflow side 8.
  • the tabs 15a and 15b form a positive connection 27 between the lines 10 and the heat-conducting rib 15 in order to fasten them to the lines 10.
  • a form fit 27 can also be formed by the tabs 15a and 15b.
  • the positive connection 27 can arise between the lines 10 or between a line 10, as shown in FIG Fig. 3a can be seen in the middle.
  • the combustion gas 11 can also get from the inflow side 8 between the through-openings 19 formed by the lines 10 and the heat-conducting fins 15 to the outflow side 9 of the heat exchanger 2 and is thus considerably cooled by the increased heat exchange surface of the heat-conducting fins 15.
  • the flat heat-conducting fins 15 made of sheet metal form or form the tabs 15a and 15b, which can also be suitable for a spiral spring to form for an open snap connection 21 with the two outer lines 10.
  • intermediate plates 22 are fastened between the heat-conducting fins 15 and connect to the respective lines 10 for heat transfer. This increases the surface area and thus the efficiency of the heat exchanger 2.
  • the intermediate plates 22 are profiled in order to allow a throughflow opening 19 between the heat conducting fins 15.
  • Fig. 4a only one tab 15c is provided on the heat-conducting fin 15 between two adjacent lines 10.
  • the heat-conducting fin 15 is fixed to the lines 10 in such a way that the individual tabs 15c are rotated about their longitudinal axis by approximately 45 degrees and thus move them from an assembly position 25 inclined to the fin plane 24 into a fastening position 26 parallel to the fin plane 24 .
  • the diagonal of the cross section of the tab 15b thus ensures that the heat-conducting fin 15 is locked in place on the lines 10.
  • the heat exchanger 12 shown differs from that to Fig. 1 shown heat exchanger 2 on a semi-cylindrical inflow side 8.
  • the lines 10 each open into a collector 14, 17 on the expansion cylinder 5 or on the regenerator housing 6.
  • the heat-conducting fins 15 are thermally connected to a plurality of lines 10 and run on the back of the lines 10.
  • Their tabs 15a, 15b, 15c protrude to the front 16 of the lines 10 and also form a positive fit 27 with the lines 10, as is the case in FIGS Figures 1a , 3a, 3b, 4a , 4c, etc. can be seen.
  • Thermal insulation material 20 ensures that the combustion gas 12 cannot flow past the heat exchanger 12 on the outside.
  • the lines 10 can also be arranged in several rows, which has not been shown in more detail.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher für eine thermodynamische Maschine mit einer Anström- und Abströmseite für ein Verbrennungsgas, mit zwischen der Anström- und Abströmseite angeordneten Leitungen zur Führung des im indirekten Wärmeaustausch mit dem Verbrennungsgas stehenden Arbeitsgases der thermodynamischen Maschine und mit mindestens einer mit zumindest einer Leitung thermisch verbundenen Wärmeleitrippe, die mindestens einer Leitung von der Anströmseite aus gesehen rückseitig absteht.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine with an inflow and outflow side for a combustion gas, with lines arranged between the inflow and outflow side for guiding the working gas of the thermodynamic machine which is in indirect heat exchange with the combustion gas and with at least one with at least one line thermally connected heat-conducting fin, which protrudes from the rear of at least one line from the inflow side.

Um die Oberfläche eines mit einem Verbrennungsgas beaufschlagten Wärmetauschers einer thermodynamischen Maschine zu vergrößern und damit deren Wirkungsgrad zu erhöhen, ist aus dem Stand der Technik eine Stirlingmaschine bekannt ( EP1988352A2 ), bei der die arbeitsgasführenden Leitungen des Wärmetauschers mit Wärmeleitrippen versehen sind. Hierfür wird jede Leitung auf ihrer von der Anströmseite des Wärmetauschers aus gesehenen Vorderseite mit der Wärmeleitrippe umfasst, die dann der Rückseite der Leitung absteht. Nachteilig führen derartig ausgebildete Wärmeleitrippen zu einem hohen konstruktiven Aufwand am Wärmetauscher, was sich unter anderem nachteilig hinsichtlich der Herstellungskosten erweist.A Stirling engine is known from the prior art in order to increase the surface area of a heat exchanger of a thermodynamic machine charged with a combustion gas and thus to increase its efficiency ( EP1988352A2 ), in which the working gas-carrying lines of the heat exchanger are provided with heat-conducting fins. For this purpose, each line is covered on its front side, seen from the upstream side of the heat exchanger, with the heat conducting rib, which then protrudes from the rear side of the line. Disadvantageously, heat-conducting fins designed in this way lead to a high design outlay on the heat exchanger, which proves, inter alia, disadvantageous with regard to the production costs.

Ein Wärmetauscher nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus der DE3844554A1 bekannt.A heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the DE3844554A1 known.

Die Erfindung hat sich daher ausgehend vom eingangs geschilderten Stand der Technik die Aufgabe gestellt, einen Wärmetauscher für eine thermodynamische Maschine in seiner Konstruktion zu vereinfachen, dabei aber dennoch einen hohen Wirkungsgrad sicherzustellen.Starting from the prior art described at the outset, the invention therefore has the task of simplifying the design of a heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine, but nevertheless ensuring high efficiency.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The invention solves this problem by the features of claim 1.

Verläuft mindestens eine mit mehreren Leitungen thermisch verbundene Wärmeleitrippe rückseitig dieser Leitungen, kann der Herstellungsaufwand des Wärmetauschers deutlich vermindert und zugleich dessen Wirkungsgrad verbessert werden, weil durch eine Wärmeleitrippe die Oberfläche von mehreren Leitungen gleichzeitig erhöht wird. Weisen zudem die Wärmeleitrippen Laschen auf, die zur Vorderseite der Leitungen vorragen und einen Formschluss mit mindestens einer der Leitungen ausbilden, kann nicht nur auf konstruktiv einfache Weise eine standfeste Befestigung der Wärmeleitrippen an den Leitungen ermöglicht, sondern auch die Wärmeübertragung des in den Wärmetauscher einströmenden Verbrennungsgases auf das Arbeitsgas verbessert werden. Die Laschen können nämlich im Bereich der Anströmseite zur Erhöhung der Oberfläche der Leitung beitragen, was für einen besseren Wärmeentzug des direkt in den Wärmetauscher einströmenden Verbrennungsgases sorgen kann. Trotz konstruktiver Einfachheit am Wärmetauscher kann somit erfindungsgemäß eine hohe Standfestigkeit kombiniert mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad erreicht werden.If at least one heat-conducting rib thermally connected to a plurality of lines runs on the rear side of these lines, the manufacturing expenditure of the heat exchanger can be significantly reduced and at the same time its efficiency can be improved because the surface of several lines is increased at the same time by a heat-conducting rib. If the heat-conducting fins also have tabs that protrude to the front of the lines and form a positive connection with at least one of the lines, this not only enables a stable attachment of the heat-conducting fins to the lines in a structurally simple manner, but also the heat transfer of the combustion gas flowing into the heat exchanger to be improved on the working gas. The tabs can in fact contribute to increasing the surface of the line in the area of the upstream side, which can ensure better heat removal of the combustion gas flowing directly into the heat exchanger. Despite the simplicity of the design of the heat exchanger, a high level of stability combined with a high degree of efficiency can thus be achieved according to the invention.

Der Wirkungsgrad des Wärmetauschers kann noch weiter erhöht werden, indem die Leitungen an ihrer Vorderseite zumindest bereichsweise frei von Laschen sind. Durch diese vordere Freistellung der Leitungen behindern die Wärmeleitrippen nämlich nicht die direkte Beaufschlagung der Leitungen mit Verbrennungsgas, was den Wärmeaustausch mit dem in den Leitungen geführten Arbeitsgas erhöhen bzw. beschleunigen kann. Zudem kann durch diese Freistellung die Strahlungswärme eines Brenners direkt auf die Leitungen treffen, was den Wärmeeintrag noch weiter erhöht. Die indirekte Wärmeübertragung des Wärmetauschers kann damit verbessert werden.The efficiency of the heat exchanger can be increased even further by the lines on the front being free of lugs at least in some areas. Because of this front release of the lines, the heat-conducting fins do not hinder the direct loading of the lines with combustion gas, which can increase or accelerate the heat exchange with the working gas carried in the lines. In addition, this exemption allows the radiant heat of a burner to hit the pipes directly, which further increases the heat input. The indirect heat transfer of the heat exchanger can thus be improved.

Weist der Wärmetauscher zwischen den Leitungen Durchströmöffnungen für das von der Anström- zur Abströmseite hin strömende Verbrennungsgas auf, kann ohne Umlenkverluste eine hohe Oberfläche am Wärmetauscher ermöglicht werden. Der Wirkungsgrad des Wärmetauschers kann sich damit weiter erhöhen.If the heat exchanger has flow openings between the lines for the combustion gas flowing from the inflow to the outflow side, a high surface area on the heat exchanger can be made possible without deflection losses. This can further increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Die Konstruktionsverhältnisse können noch weiter vereinfacht werden, wenn die Wärmeleitrippen flach ausgeformt sind und die Laschen ausbilden. Insbesondere die Fertigung der Wärmeleitrippen aus einem Blech kann zu einem kostengünstigen Wärmetauscher führen.The design relationships can be simplified even further if the heat-conducting ribs are flat and form the tabs. In particular, the production of the heat-conducting fins from a sheet metal can lead to an inexpensive heat exchanger.

Greift mindestens eine Lasche zwischen den Leitungen ein, kann die Befestigung der Wärmeleitrippen an den Leitungen verbessert werden. Zudem können damit die Leitungen in ihrem Verlauf gegenüber unerwünschten Wärmedehnungen stabilisiert und so die Abmessungen des Wärmetauschers in engen Toleranzen gehalten werden. Ein standfester Wärmetauscher kann damit geschaffen werden.If at least one tab engages between the lines, the attachment of the heat-conducting fins to the lines can be improved. In addition, the lines of the lines can be stabilized with respect to undesired thermal expansions and the dimensions of the heat exchanger can thus be kept within narrow tolerances. A stable heat exchanger can be created with it.

Ein fester Halt der Wärmeleitrippe an den Leitungen kann geschaffen werden, wenn mindestens zwei Laschen zwischen der Wärmeleitrippe und einer Leitung einen Formschluss ausbilden.A firm hold of the heat-conducting fin on the lines can be created if at least two tabs form a positive connection between the heat-conducting fin and a line.

Die Konstruktionsverhältnisse können weiter vereinfacht werden, wenn mindestens eine Lasche in gebogener Form an eine jeweilige Leitung anschließt. Die Herstellung entsprechender Biegungen kann beispielsweise mithilfe eines von der Anströmseite hier wirkenden Werkzeugs erfolgen, um damit den Formschluss zwischen Wärmeleitrippe und Leitung auszubilden. Außerdem kann durch diese vorspannende Biegung sichergestellt werden, dass die Wärmeleitrippe an der Leitung angezogen bleibt - womit eine Unterbrechung des Anschlusses zur wärmeleitenden Verbindung von Wärmeleitrippe und Leitung verhindert wird.The design relationships can be further simplified if at least one tab in a curved form connects to a respective line. Corresponding bends can be produced, for example, with the aid of a tool acting from the inflow side in order to form the positive connection between the heat-conducting rib and the line. In addition, this pre-tensioning bend can ensure that the heat-conducting fin remains tightened on the line - thus preventing an interruption in the connection for the heat-conducting connection of the heat-conducting fin and line.

Dadurch dass erfindungsgemäß mindestens eine Lasche von einer zur Rippenebene geneigten Montagelage in eine mit der Rippenebene plane Befestigungslage verdrehbar ausgebildet ist, kann auf konstruktiv einfache Weise ein standfester Formschluss zwischen der Wärmeleitrippe und der Leitung geschaffen werden.The fact that, according to the invention, at least one tab is designed to be rotatable from an assembly position inclined to the rib plane into a fastening position plane with the rib plane, structurally simple way to create a stable form fit between the heat-conducting rib and the line.

Bildet mindestens eine Lasche eine Biegefeder einer offenen Schnappverbindung mit einer Leitung aus, kann der Zusammenbau des Wärmetauschers erheblich erleichtert werden. Die Wärmeleitrippen können auf diese Weise nämlich durch einfaches Aufdrücken auf die Leitungen an diesen befestigt und gegebenenfalls in weiterer Folge verlötet werden.If at least one tab forms a spiral spring of an open snap connection with a line, the assembly of the heat exchanger can be made considerably easier. In this way, the heat-conducting fins can be fastened to the lines by simply pressing them onto the lines and, if necessary, subsequently soldered.

Die Oberfläche des Wärmetauschers kann noch weiter erhöht werden, indem zwischen den Wärmeleitrippen mindestens ein Zwischenblech vorgesehen ist, das an den Wärmeleitrippen befestigt an die jeweiligen Leitungen anschließt. Auf diese Weise kann der Wärmetauscher auch hinsichtlich seines Wirkungsgrads verbessert werden.The surface of the heat exchanger can be increased even further by providing at least one intermediate plate between the heat-conducting fins, which is attached to the heat-conducting fins and connects to the respective lines. In this way, the efficiency of the heat exchanger can also be improved.

Sind die Zwischenbleche in aufeinander liegenden, zueinander auf Lücke angeordneten Reihen vorgesehen, kann für eine weitere Erhöhung der Oberfläche und damit des Wirkungsgrads des Wärmetauschers gesorgt werden.If the intermediate plates are provided in rows lying one on top of the other and arranged in a gap, a further increase in the surface area and thus in the efficiency of the heat exchanger can be ensured.

Weist die Anströmseite eine konkave Fläche auf, kann die Oberfläche des Wärmetauschers erhöht werden. Solch eine konkave Fläche kann beispielsweise zylindrisch oder halbzylindrisch ausgebildet sein, was insbesondere einen kompakten Wärmetauscher schaffen kann. Die Leitungen können beispielsweise in symmetrischer Anordnung nebeneinander um die Anströmseite ein oder mehrreihig angeordnet sein, um Wärme vom einströmenden Verbrennungsgas verbessert abzuziehen. Zudem kann auf diese Weise eine relativ hohe mechanische und/oder thermische Stabilität am Wärmetauscher erreicht werden.If the inflow side has a concave surface, the surface of the heat exchanger can be increased. Such a concave surface can be cylindrical or semi-cylindrical, for example, which in particular can create a compact heat exchanger. The lines can, for example, be arranged in a symmetrical arrangement next to one another around the inflow side in one or more rows in order to remove heat from the inflowing combustion gas in an improved manner. In addition, a relatively high mechanical and / or thermal stability on the heat exchanger can be achieved in this way.

Im Allgemeinen wird erwähnt, dass selbstverständlich die Wärmeleitrippen mit den Leitungen zum Formschluss auch stoffschlüssig verbunden sein können, beispielsweise durch ein Lötverfahren.In general, it is mentioned that the heat-conducting fins can of course also be cohesively connected to the lines for positive locking, for example by a soldering process.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher kann bevorzugt bei einer thermodynamische Maschine Verwendung finden. Dieser Wärmetauscher kann nämlich besonders Wärmeenergie dem Verbrennungsgas der thermodynamischen Maschine bzw. dem der thermodynamischen Maschine zugeführten Verbrennungsgas entziehen.The heat exchanger according to the invention can preferably be used in a thermodynamic machine. This heat exchanger can in particular extract thermal energy from the combustion gas of the thermodynamic machine or the combustion gas supplied to the thermodynamic machine.

In den Figuren ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise anhand mehrerer Ausführungsvarianten näher dargestellt. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen an eine thermodynamische Maschine angeschlossenen Wärmetauscher in aufgerissener Seitenansicht,
Fig. 1a
eine vergrößerte Teilansicht der Fig. 1,
Fig. 2
eine Schnittansicht nach II-II der Fig. 1,
Fig. 2a
eine vergrößerte Teilansicht der Fig. 2,
Fig. 3a
eine Seitenansicht auf eine Wärmeleitrippe des Wärmetauschers nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3b
eine Innenansicht zur Fig. 3a mit Zwischenblechen,
Fig. 4a und 4b
alternative Ausführungen der Wärmeleitrippen des Wärmetauschers der Fig. 1 in einer Seitenansicht,
Fig. 5a und 5b
eine Detailansicht auf Zwischenbleche des Wärmetauschers,
Fig. 6
einen weiteren Wärmetauscher in mittig geschnittener Seitenansicht und
Fig. 7
eine teilweise aufgerissene Draufsicht des nach Fig. 6 dargestellten Wärmetauschers.
The subject matter of the invention is shown in more detail in the figures, for example, using a number of design variants. Show it
Fig. 1
a heat exchanger connected to a thermodynamic machine in a side view,
Fig. 1a
an enlarged partial view of the Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 2
a sectional view according to II-II of Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 2a
an enlarged partial view of the Fig. 2 ,
Fig. 3a
a side view of a heat-conducting fin of the heat exchanger Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3b
an interior view Fig. 3a with intermediate plates,
4a and 4b
alternative designs of the heat conducting fins of the heat exchanger Fig. 1 in a side view,
5a and 5b
a detailed view on intermediate plates of the heat exchanger,
Fig. 6
another heat exchanger in a central side view and
Fig. 7
a partially broken plan view of the Fig. 6 shown heat exchanger.

Die nach der Figur 1 beispielsweise dargestellte thermodynamische Maschine 1, zum Beispiel eine als "Alpha Maschine" ausgeführte Sterlingmaschine, zeigt einen Wärmetauscher 2 nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Der Wärmetauscher 2 ist mittels Anschlussleitungen 3, 4 an den Expansionszylinder 5 bzw. an ein Regeneratorgehäuse 6 angeschlossen und führt zwischen diesen das Arbeitsgas 7 der thermodynamischen Maschine 1. Der Weg des Arbeitsgases 7 der thermodynamischen Maschine 1 führt aus dem Regeneratorgehäuse 6 über die Anschlussleitung 3 in die Leitungen 10 und in weiterer Folge über die Anschlussleitung 4 in den Expansionszylinder 5 - und wieder zurück. Wie in den Figuren 1 und 2 ersichtlich, münden in die Anschlussleitungen 3, 4, die auch als Sammelleitungen bezeichnet werden können, halbkreisförmig gebogene rohrförmige Leitungen 10 spiegelgleich ein, wodurch der gesamte Wärmetauscher 2 eine kreiszylindrische Form annimmt. Der Wärmetauscher 2 weist eine Anströmseite 8 auf, an der die Leitungen 10 angeordnet sind. Das einströmende Verbrennungsgas 11 des nicht näher dargestellten Brenners 13 trifft auf diese Anströmseite 8 des Wärmetauschers 2, tritt durch diesen hindurch und verlässt den Wärmetauscher 2 auf seiner Abströmseite 9, wobei hier das Verbrennungsgas 11 im indirekten Wärmeaustausch mit dem Arbeitsgas 7 der Leitungen 10 der thermodynamischen Maschine 1 steht. Die Oberflächen der Leitungen 10 bzw. des Wärmetauschers 2 werden mithilfe von Wärmeleitrippen 15 vergrößert. Diese Wärmeleitrippen 15 sind mit mehreren Leitungen 10 verbunden und an mindestens einer Leitung 10 befestigt. Zudem stehen die Wärmeleitrippen 15 diesen Leitungen 10 von der Anströmseite 8 aus gesehen rückseitig bzw. von deren Rückseite 18 ab (vgl. auch Fig. 2).The after the Figure 1 thermodynamic machine 1, for example shown, for example a sterling machine designed as an “alpha machine”, shows a heat exchanger 2 according to a first exemplary embodiment. The heat exchanger 2 is connected by means of connecting lines 3, 4 to the expansion cylinder 5 or to a regenerator housing 6 and carries the working gas 7 of the thermodynamic machine 1 between them. The path of the working gas 7 of the thermodynamic machine 1 leads from the regenerator housing 6 via the connecting line 3 into the lines 10 and subsequently via the connecting line 4 into the expansion cylinder 5 - and back again. As in the Figures 1 and 2nd can be seen, open in the connecting lines 3, 4, which can also be referred to as manifolds, semicircular bent tubular lines 10 mirror-image, whereby the entire heat exchanger 2 assumes a circular cylindrical shape. The heat exchanger 2 has an inflow side 8 on which the lines 10 are arranged. The inflowing combustion gas 11 of the burner 13, not shown in detail, strikes this inflow side 8 of the heat exchanger 2, passes through it and leaves the heat exchanger 2 on its outflow side 9, here the combustion gas 11 in indirect heat exchange with the working gas 7 of the lines 10 of the thermodynamic Machine 1 stands. The surfaces of the lines 10 and the heat exchanger 2 are enlarged with the aid of heat-conducting fins 15. These heat-conducting fins 15 are connected to a plurality of lines 10 and fastened to at least one line 10. In addition, the thermal fins 15 protrude from the upstream side 8 of these lines 10 from the rear side or from the rear side 18 thereof (cf. also Fig. 2 ).

Wie der Fig. 1 und insbesondere der Fig. 1a entnommen werden kann, weisen die Wärmeleitrippen 15 jeweils Laschen 15a und 15b auf. Diese Laschen 15a und 15b stehen der Vorderseite 16 der Leitungen 10 vor, welche Vorderseite 16 zur Anströmseite 8 gerichtet ist. Die Laschen 15a und 15b bilden einen Formschluss 27 zwischen den Leitungen 10 und der Wärmeleitrippe 15, um diese an den Leitungen 10 zu befestigen.Again Fig. 1 and especially the Fig. 1a can be removed, the heat-conducting fins 15 each have tabs 15a and 15b. These tabs 15a and 15b protrude from the front 16 of the lines 10, which front 16 is directed towards the inflow side 8. The tabs 15a and 15b form a positive connection 27 between the lines 10 and the heat-conducting rib 15 in order to fasten them to the lines 10.

Wie in der Fig. 3a zu erkennen, reicht bereits ein Formschluss 27, gebildet von der ersten und der letzten Lasche 15a und 15b der Wärmeleitrippe 15 aus, diese ausreichend an den Leitungen 10 zu befestigen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann ein Formschluss 27 auch durch die Laschen 15a und 15b ausgebildet werden. Der Formschluss 27 kann zwischen den Leitungen 10 oder zwischen einer Leitung 10 entstehen, wie dies nach Fig. 3a mittig zu erkennen ist.Like in the Fig. 3a To recognize, a positive connection 27, formed by the first and the last tab 15a and 15b of the heat-conducting rib 15, is sufficient to fasten it sufficiently to the lines 10. Alternatively or additionally, a form fit 27 can also be formed by the tabs 15a and 15b. The positive connection 27 can arise between the lines 10 or between a line 10, as shown in FIG Fig. 3a can be seen in the middle.

Entsprechend der Fig. 2a führt solch eine Befestigung zu einer Steigerung des Wirkungsgrads des Wärmetauschers 2, da die Leitungen 10 zumindest teilweise auf der Vorderseite 16 zur Anströmseite 8 frei stehen und damit dem direkt einströmenden Verbrennungsgas 11 in höchstem Maße Wärmeenergie entnehmen können.According to the Fig. 2a Such a fastening leads to an increase in the efficiency of the heat exchanger 2, since the lines 10 are at least partially free on the front side 16 to the inflow side 8 and can therefore take thermal energy to the greatest possible extent from the directly flowing combustion gas 11.

Das Verbrennungsgas 11 kann von der Anströmseite 8 zudem zwischen den von den Leitungen 10 und den Wärmeleitrippen 15 gebildeten Durchströmöffnungen 19 zur Abströmseite 9 des Wärmetauschers 2 hingelangen und wird so durch die erhöhte Wärmetauschfläche der Wärmeleitrippen 15 erheblich abgekühlt. Im Allgemeinen wird erwähnt, dass -wie in den Figuren 1 und 1a zu erkennen- mehrere Wärmeleitrippen 15 auf Abstand nebeneinander angeordnet sind, um damit die Durchströmöffnungen 19 zu bilden.The combustion gas 11 can also get from the inflow side 8 between the through-openings 19 formed by the lines 10 and the heat-conducting fins 15 to the outflow side 9 of the heat exchanger 2 and is thus considerably cooled by the increased heat exchange surface of the heat-conducting fins 15. Generally it is mentioned that - as in the Figures 1 and 1a to recognize - a plurality of heat-conducting fins 15 are arranged next to one another at a distance in order to thereby form the throughflow openings 19.

Im oberen Teil der Darstellung nach Fig. 3a ist ersichtlich, wie die Wärmeleitrippe 15 mit ihren Laschen 15a, 15b über die Leitungen 10 geschoben ist. Infolge der speziellen Formgebung der Wärmeleitrippe 15 schmiegen sich die Leitungen 10 eng an dafür vorgesehene Ausnehmungen der Wärmeleitrippe 15 an, um einen guten Wärmeübergang zu erzielen. Eine vergleichsweise große Freistellung der Leitungen 10 auf deren Vorderseite 16 ist so zu erzielen.In the upper part of the illustration Fig. 3a it can be seen how the heat conducting rib 15 with its tabs 15a, 15b is pushed over the lines 10. As a result of the special shape of the heat-conducting rib 15, the lines 10 fit snugly against recesses in the heat-conducting rib 15 provided for this purpose in order to achieve good heat transfer. A comparatively large exemption of the lines 10 on their front side 16 can be achieved in this way.

Im unteren Teil der Darstellung nach Fig. 3a ist zu erkennen, wie die Wärmeleitrippe 15 an jeder Leitung 10 befestigt ist. Dazu dienen die zwischen den Leitungen 10 eingreifenden und gebogenen Laschen 15a, 15b der Wärmeleitrippe 15, die beispielsweise mit einem Werkzeug an die Leitungen 6 herangebogen werden. Diese Art der Fixierung weist nicht nur eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit auf, sie garantiert vor allem einen formschlüssigen Kontakt und damit einen maximalen Wärmeeintrag von der Wärmeleitrippe 15 in die Leitungen 10.According to the illustration in the lower part Fig. 3a it can be seen how the heat-conducting fin 15 is attached to each line 10. For this purpose, the tabs 15a, 15b of the heat-conducting rib 15 which engage and are bent between the lines 10 and which are bent toward the lines 6, for example, with a tool. This type of fixation not only has a high mechanical strength, but above all it guarantees a form-fitting contact and thus maximum heat input from the heat-conducting fin 15 into the lines 10.

Die aus einem Blech gefertigten flachen Wärmeleitrippen 15 formen bzw. bilden die Laschen 15a und 15b aus, die zudem auch dazu geeignet sein können, eine Biegefeder für eine offene Schnappverbindung 21 mit den beiden äußeren Leitungen 10 auszubilden.The flat heat-conducting fins 15 made of sheet metal form or form the tabs 15a and 15b, which can also be suitable for a spiral spring to form for an open snap connection 21 with the two outer lines 10.

Nach Fig. 3b sind beispielsweise Zwischenbleche 22 zwischen den Wärmeleitrippen 15 befestigt und schließen an die jeweiligen Leitungen 10 zur Wärmeübertragung an. Dies erhöht die Oberfläche und damit den Wirkungsgrad des Wärmetauschers 2. Die Zwischenbleche 22 sind profiliert, um damit eine Durchströmöffnung 19 zwischen den Wärmeleitrippen 15 zu ermöglichen.To Fig. 3b For example, intermediate plates 22 are fastened between the heat-conducting fins 15 and connect to the respective lines 10 for heat transfer. This increases the surface area and thus the efficiency of the heat exchanger 2. The intermediate plates 22 are profiled in order to allow a throughflow opening 19 between the heat conducting fins 15.

Die in den Figuren 5a und 5b weiter dargestellten zur Fig. 3b alternativen Zwischenbleche 22 sind zwischen den Leitungen 10 in Reihen mit Lücken 23 angeordnet - wobei diese aufeinander liegenden Reihen auf Lücke angeordnet sind, um trotz großer Oberfläche eine Durchströmöffnung 19 zu ermöglichen. Es ist aber auch vorstellbar die Zwischenbleche 22 nach Fig. 3b genauso -wie vorstehend erwähnt- anzuordnen.The in the Figures 5a and 5b further illustrated for Fig. 3b alternative intermediate plates 22 are arranged between the lines 10 in rows with gaps 23 - these rows lying one on top of the other being arranged in a gap in order to enable a throughflow opening 19 despite the large surface area. However, it is also possible to imagine the intermediate plates 22 Fig. 3b to be arranged in exactly the same way as mentioned above.

Nach den Figuren 4a bis 4b sind Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Gestaltung und Fixierung der Leitung 10 mit einer Wärmeleitrippe 15 dargestellt.After the Figures 4a to 4b Embodiments of the design and fixation of the line 10 according to the invention are shown with a heat conducting rib 15.

Nach Fig. 4a ist an der Wärmeleitrippe 15 nur eine Lasche 15c zwischen zwei benachbarten Leitungen 10 vorgesehen. Die Fixierung der Wärmeleitrippe 15 an den Leitungen 10 erfolgt in der Art, dass die einzelnen Laschen 15c um ihre Längsachse ca. 45 Grad verdreht werden und damit diese von einer zur Rippenebene 24 geneigten Montagelage 25 in eine mit der Rippenebene 24 parallelen Befestigungslage 26 zu bewegen. Damit sorgt die Diagonale des Querschnittes der Lasche 15b für eine standfeste Arretierung der Wärmeleitrippe 15 an den Leitungen 10.To Fig. 4a only one tab 15c is provided on the heat-conducting fin 15 between two adjacent lines 10. The heat-conducting fin 15 is fixed to the lines 10 in such a way that the individual tabs 15c are rotated about their longitudinal axis by approximately 45 degrees and thus move them from an assembly position 25 inclined to the fin plane 24 into a fastening position 26 parallel to the fin plane 24 . The diagonal of the cross section of the tab 15b thus ensures that the heat-conducting fin 15 is locked in place on the lines 10.

Der nach den Figuren 6 und 7 dargestellte Wärmetauscher 12 weist zum Unterschied zum nach Fig. 1 dargestellten Wärmetauscher 2 eine halbzylindrische Anströmseite 8 auf. Die Leitungen 10 münden in je einen Sammler 14, 17 am Expansionszylinder 5 bzw. am Regeneratorgehäuse 6. Auch hier sind die Wärmeleitrippen 15 mit mehreren Leitungen 10 thermisch verbunden und verlaufen rückseitig der Leitungen 10. Deren Laschen 15a, 15b, 15c ragen zur Vorderseite 16 der Leitungen 10 vor und bilden auch einen Formschluss 27 mit den Leitungen 10 aus, wie dies derart nach den Figuren 1a, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4c, etc. zu erkennen ist. Wärmeisolationsmaterial 20 sorgt dafür, dass das Verbrennungsgas 12 nicht außen am Wärmetauscher 12 vorbeiströmen kann.The one after the Figures 6 and 7 The heat exchanger 12 shown differs from that to Fig. 1 shown heat exchanger 2 on a semi-cylindrical inflow side 8. The lines 10 each open into a collector 14, 17 on the expansion cylinder 5 or on the regenerator housing 6. Here, too, are the heat-conducting fins 15 are thermally connected to a plurality of lines 10 and run on the back of the lines 10. Their tabs 15a, 15b, 15c protrude to the front 16 of the lines 10 and also form a positive fit 27 with the lines 10, as is the case in FIGS Figures 1a , 3a, 3b, 4a , 4c, etc. can be seen. Thermal insulation material 20 ensures that the combustion gas 12 cannot flow past the heat exchanger 12 on the outside.

Im Allgemeinen wird erwähnt, dass beim Wärmetauscher 2 und 12 die Leitungen einreihig vorgesehen sind, die Leitungen 10 können auch mehrreihig angeordnet sein, was nicht näher dargestellt worden ist.In general, it is mentioned that in the heat exchangers 2 and 12 the lines are provided in one row, the lines 10 can also be arranged in several rows, which has not been shown in more detail.

Claims (12)

  1. Heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine (1) having an inflow and outflow side (8, 9) for a combustion gas (11), having lines (10) arranged between the inflow and outflow side (8, 9) for conducting the working gas (7) of the thermodynamic machine (1) which is in indirect heat exchange with the combustion gas (11), and having at least one heat-conducting rib (15) which is thermally connected to at least one line (10) and which projects from the rear side of at least one line (10) as seen from the inflow side (8), characterized in that in that at least one heat-conducting rib (15) thermally bonded to a plurality of lines (10) extends on the rear side of these lines (10) and has tabs (15a, 15b, 15c) which project towards the front side (16) of the lines (10) and form a positive connection (27) with at least one of the lines (10), to fasten the heat-conducting rib (15) to the line (10), wherein at least one tab (15c) is designed to be rotatable from a mounting position (25) inclined to the rib plane (24) into a fastening position (26) which is planar with the rib plane (25).
  2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the lines (10) are free of tabs (15a, 15b, 15c) at least in some areas on their front side (16).
  3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger (2) has, between the lines (10), through-flow openings (19) for the combustion gas (11) flowing from the inflow side to the outflow side (8, 9).
  4. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat-conducting ribs (15) are formed flat, more particularly in sheet metal form, and form the tabs (15a, 15b, 15c).
  5. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one tab (15a, 15b, 15c) engages between the lines (10).
  6. Heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that at least two tabs (15a, 15b) form a positive connection between the heat-conducting rib (15) and a line (10).
  7. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one tab (15a, 15b) adjoins a respective line (10) in bent form.
  8. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one tab (15a, 15b) forms a bending spring of an open snap-in connection (21) with a line (10).
  9. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one intermediate plate (22) is provided between the heat-conducting ribs (15), which plate (22) is attached to the heat-conducting ribs (15) and adjoins the respective lines (10).
  10. Heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that the intermediate plates (22) are provided in rows lying one on top of the other and arranged in a staggered manner.
  11. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the inflow side (8) has a concave, more particularly circular-cylindrical or semi-cylindrical, surface.
  12. Thermodynamic machine (1) having a heat exchanger (2, 12) according to one of claims 1 to 11.
EP14191338.4A 2013-10-31 2014-10-31 Heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine Active EP2868907B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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ATA50717/2013A AT515025B1 (en) 2013-10-31 2013-10-31 Heat exchanger for a thermodynamic machine

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EP2868907B1 true EP2868907B1 (en) 2020-07-08

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US2540339A (en) * 1948-06-14 1951-02-06 Richard W Kritzer Heat exchange unit
DE847525C (en) * 1950-02-10 1952-08-25 Philips Nv Hot gas piston machine
JPS61226547A (en) * 1985-03-29 1986-10-08 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Combustor for stirling engine
JPS62166294A (en) * 1986-01-16 1987-07-22 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Heat exchanger
DE3844554A1 (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-09-21 Man Technologie Gmbh Combustion-air ducting in a Stirling motor
JP3064055B2 (en) * 1991-08-29 2000-07-12 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 Heat exchanger manufacturing method
US5467816A (en) * 1993-02-08 1995-11-21 Larinoff; Michael W. Finned tubes for air-cooled steam condensers
JP2855141B2 (en) * 1995-08-16 1999-02-10 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 Heat exchanger and method of manufacturing the same
DE19612616C2 (en) * 1996-03-29 2002-03-07 Sipra Patent Beteiligung Stirling engine
ES2158731T3 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-09-01 Giannoni S P A GAS-LIQUID HEAT EXCHANGER AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE OF THE SAME.
US7308787B2 (en) * 2001-06-15 2007-12-18 New Power Concepts Llc Thermal improvements for an external combustion engine
AT504666B1 (en) 2007-05-03 2008-07-15 Frauscher Josef Heat exchanger for equipment with hot gas machine, has guide lines and basic form with prismatic or hollow cylindrical encasing ends, and is attached sliding inward and outward towards main axis of encasing ends
KR101151538B1 (en) * 2009-12-08 2012-05-30 주식회사 경동나비엔 Heat exchanger having combustion chamber and combustor containing thereof

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EP2868907A1 (en) 2015-05-06
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