EP2867599A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung elektrischer energieInfo
- Publication number
- EP2867599A2 EP2867599A2 EP13732098.2A EP13732098A EP2867599A2 EP 2867599 A2 EP2867599 A2 EP 2867599A2 EP 13732098 A EP13732098 A EP 13732098A EP 2867599 A2 EP2867599 A2 EP 2867599A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- gas turbine
- storage fluid
- compressed
- operating mode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 92
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/02—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being an unheated pressurised gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0017—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
- F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
- F25J2240/82—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine with waste heat recovery, e.g. in a combined cycle, i.e. for generating steam used in a Rankine cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/30—Integration in an installation using renewable energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating electrical energy according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a corresponding device.
- a “cryogenic liquid” is understood to mean a liquid whose boiling point is below the ambient temperature and, for example, is 200 K or lower, in particular lower than 220 K.
- the cryogenic liquid can be under subcritical pressure during "evaporation". However, if the cryogenic liquid is brought to a superatmospheric pressure which is above the critical pressure, no true phase transition will take place
- the "heat exchanger system” serves to cool the feed air of the
- Air treatment plant in indirect heat exchange with one or more cold streams. It may be formed from a single or multiple parallel and / or serially connected heat exchanger sections, for example one or more plate heat exchanger blocks.
- Methods and apparatuses which use liquid air or liquid nitrogen to regulate the network and provide control power in power grids.
- the ambient air is liquefied in an air separation plant with integrated condenser or in a separate liquefaction plant and stored in a liquid tank designed as a cryogenic storage tank.
- the liquefied air is removed from the store, brought to the higher pressure in a pump, then warmed to about ambient or higher. This warm high pressure air is then in a
- Relaxation unit consisting of a turbine or multiple turbines with
- Such methods can in principle also be carried out with a storage fluid containing 40 mol% or more of oxygen.
- a storage fluid containing 40 mol% or more of oxygen has been excluded here, however, in order to avoid confusion with systems in which a particularly oxygen-rich fluid for
- Heat exchanger system performed the air treatment plant, which is already available for the cooling of the feed air in the first operating mode.
- feed air in the air compression unit is compressed and cooled in the heat exchanger system.
- the required for the evaporation of the stored cryogenic liquid heating medium is generated.
- Air treatment plant in which the cryogenic liquid is generated in the first operating mode, is designed as air liquefaction plant, that is serving here
- Feed air is not primarily the production of its constituents oxygen and / or nitrogen by cryogenic decomposition, but the entire feed air - or at least its largest part - is liquefied in the first mode of operation and recovered without decomposition as cryogenic liquid.
- mechanical energy is generated from the high-pressure storage fluid in the second operating mode by either the storage fluid itself or a fluid derived therefrom being expanded in the gas expansion unit to perform work.
- the derived fluid may be formed, for example, by a mixture of the storage fluid with one or more other fluids, or by a reaction product of the storage fluid with one or more other substances.
- the latter can be formed, for example, by combustion exhaust gas, if the storage fluid contains oxygen and is used to burn a fuel.
- the invention has for its object to improve such a system in terms of its efficiency and in particular to allow a relatively simple apparatus design.
- the compressed in the air compression unit feed air is at least partially not liquefied, but subjected as additional air another compression in at least one cold compressor and then admixed the gaseous high-pressure storage fluid. This is significantly more high-pressure gas for the relaxation in the
- Gas expansion unit available as is obtained by the evaporation, and it can be recovered in the second mode of operation correspondingly more electrical energy.
- Energy price is high, in addition to operate one or more cold compressors.
- a large part of the system components are made smaller and thus cheaper. At the same time, less energy is consumed in the second operating mode.
- the further compression of the additional air is carried out in at least two parallel-connected cold compressors.
- this compression step is performed in a particularly efficient manner;
- the amount of additional air can be flexibly adapted to current needs.
- the two cold compressors may have the same inlet temperature, but preferably their inlet temperatures are different. These inflow temperatures of the cold compressors differ, for example, by at least 10 K, preferably by more than 30 K.
- a first variant of the method according to the invention is in the second mode of operation at least a portion of the generation of electrical energy from the gaseous high pressure storage fluid in the gas turbine expander of a
- a "gas turbine system” comprises a gas turbine (gas turbine expander) and a combustion chamber. In the gas turbine, hot gases are released from the combustion chamber to perform work.
- the gas turbine system may also include a gas turbine driven gas turbine compressor. Some of the mechanical energy generated in the gas turbine is usually used to drive the gas turbine compressor. Another part is regularly converted to generate electrical energy in a generator.
- At least a part of the generation of mechanical energy from the gaseous high-pressure storage fluid is carried out in this variant in the gas turbine system of the power plant, ie in an already existing in the power plant apparatus for converting pressure energy into mechanical drive energy.
- An additional separate system for work-performing expansion of the high-pressure storage fluid may be less complicated in the context of the invention or omitted altogether.
- the high-pressure storage fluid is then, for example, under the pressure at which it (pseudo) is evaporated, the
- the gas expansion unit has a hot gas turbine system which has at least one heater and one hot gas turbine.
- the generation of electrical energy from the gaseous high-pressure storage fluid is at least partially carried out as a work-performing expansion in a hot gas turbine system having at least one heater and a hot gas turbine. In this case, the generation of energy from the high pressure storage fluid takes place outside of the gas turbine system.
- the "hot gas turbine system” may be formed in one stage with a heater and a single-stage turbine. Alternatively, it may have multiple turbine stages, preferably with reheat. In any case, it makes sense to provide another heater behind the last stage of the hot gas turbine system.
- Hot gas turbine system is preferably coupled to one or more generators for generating electrical energy.
- heating is meant a system for indirect heat exchange between a heating fluid and the gaseous storage fluid. This can transfer residual heat or waste heat to the storage fluid and to generate energy in the
- Hot gas turbine system can be used.
- the gas expansion unit has both one or more hot gas turbines and one or more gas turbine systems.
- the high-pressure gaseous storage fluid is expanded in two steps, wherein the first step as work-performing relaxation in the hot gas turbine system and the second step in the
- Gas turbine system can be performed, wherein the high pressure gaseous storage fluid fed to the hot gas turbine system and there to a
- Heat exchanger system are cooled in which vaporized or pseudo-evaporated in the second mode of operation.
- flow
- the invention also relates to a device for generating energy according to the claims 7 or 8.
- “automatic control device” is here a Understand device which at least the automatic control of the system accomplished during the first mode of operation and during the second mode of operation. Preferably, it is able to automatically make the transition from the first to the second operating mode and vice versa.
- Device according to the invention can be supplemented by device features which correspond to the features of the dependent method claims.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b show an embodiment of an air treatment plant with which the invention can be realized
- FIGS 3a and 3b show another embodiment of an air treatment plant in the two operating modes
- Figure 4 possible embodiments of the gas expansion unit.
- Air treatment plant 100 a liquid tank 200 and a gas expansion unit 300.
- FIG. 1 a shows the first operating mode (low-current phase, generally at night).
- atmospheric air (AIR) is used as feed air in the first operating mode.
- AIR atmospheric air
- Air treatment plant 100 initiated.
- a cryogenic liquid 101 is generated, which is formed for example as liquid air.
- the air treatment plant is operated as a condenser (in particular as an air liquefier).
- the cryogenic liquid 101 is introduced into the liquid tank 200, which is operated at a low pressure LP of less than 2 bar.
- Figure 1 b shows the second mode of operation (peak current phase - usually during the day).
- the air treatment plant works as an evaporator.
- the deep cold Liquid 103 for example, liquid air
- MP2 greater than 12 bar, for example, about 20 bar
- Process units can be very largely merged.
- FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show an embodiment of an air treatment system with which the invention can be implemented.
- FIG. 2a relates to the first operating mode.
- ambient air AIR
- MP 4 to 8 bar, in particular 5 to 6 bar
- the air is branched into two partial streams.
- the cold turbine 5b drives the first after-compressor 5a via a common shaft.
- the work-performing relaxed first part of the feed air is pressurized LP by the
- Heat exchanger system 21 passed and warmed up here. At the warm end of the heat exchanger system 21, this air is partially released into the environment (amb). Another part 6 is used as a regeneration gas for the molecular sieve adsorber station. The regeneration gas is warmed up by steam, electric heater or natural gas firing (heat quantity Q).
- a second part of the compressed and purified air becomes a separate one
- the cycle compressor 1 1 passed and there from the pressure MP initially compressed to a higher pressure HP from 20 to 40 bar, cooled in an aftercooler to about ambient temperature and then in a second single-stage booster (booster) 12a on to the even higher pressure HP1 compressed from 40 to 80 bar (and then cooled again in an aftercooler to about ambient temperature).
- boost single-stage booster
- a portion of the high-pressure air below HP1 is then expanded to perform work in a second turbine 12b up to the pressure MP.
- the second turbine 12b has a higher one
- the air can be introduced directly into the second turbine 12b as shown; Alternatively, it is previously cooled slightly in the heat exchanger system 21. When working expansion, the air cools down. Then it is under the pressure MP through the heat exchanger system to the intake manifold the cycle compressor 1 1 passed.
- a partial flow Joule-Thomson stream, sometimes called choke flow
- choke flow is pressurized under the highest HP1 pressure
- Heat exchanger system passed to the cold end and then in a separator 23 (22), which is operated under the pressure MP.
- the vapor content is separated here from the liquid and passed through the heat exchanger system 21 to the intake of the cycle compressor.
- the separated liquid is further cooled in a subcooler 24 and thereafter to the required
- Heat exchanger system 21 sent; the liquid portion forms the "cryogenic liquid” and is introduced into the liquid tank 200.
- the second operating mode will now be described with reference to FIG. 2b.
- the two turbines 5b and 12b, the cycle compressor 1 1 and the Joule-Thomson stage (the two throttle valves 22 and 25, the two separators 23 and 26 and the subcooler 24) are switched off and two cold compressors 31 and 32 to the corresponding nozzles connected to the heat exchanger.
- Liquid air (LAIR) 103 is removed from the liquid tank 200, brought in the pump 27 to a superatmospheric pressure MP2 (here> 12 bar) and in the
- Heat exchanger system 21 of the air treatment plant to a gaseous
- High-pressure storage fluid 104 evaporates.
- the heat required for evaporation is provided by another, additional air flow, referred to herein as "secondary air". It is sucked in the same way as the first operating mode as feed air from the environment in which
- Compressed air compression unit 2 to the pressure MP, precooled (3) and dried in a Molsiebadsorber station 4 and of contaminants such as C0 2 and
- Operating mode can not be switched off, but runs permanently - both in the first and in the second operating mode.
- Air treatment plant is used both for liquefaction (in the first operating mode) and for (pseudo) evaporation (in the second operating mode).
- FIGS. 3a and 3b differs from the previous one in that the "cold" turbine / compressor combination 5a / 5b is connected behind the cycle compressor, between pressures HP1 and MP.
- the heat
- turbine / compressor combination 12a / 12b receives air directly from the air compression unit 2 and relaxes accordingly to the low pressure LP.
- the air compression unit 2 and the air purification 3 can thus be made slightly smaller than in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- FIG. 4 shows possible embodiments of the gas expansion unit 300.
- a conventional gas turbine is used for relaxation, the compressed air from the air treatment plant is fed into the gas turbine before the combustion chamber.
- the heat of the flue gas at the outlet can be used in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) (4a); alternatively it is used differently, for example for preheating the compressed air from the air treatment plant (4b).
- HRSG heat recovery steam generator
- a rebuilt gas turbine is used for relaxation, in this gas turbine, the compressor part is removed.
- the compressed air from the air treatment plant is fed into the combustion chamber of the rest of the gas turbine.
- the heat of the flue gas can be used in a similar manner as in the process with the gas turbine.
- the compressed air is first warmed up from the air treatment plant and expanded in several successively connected turbine / turbine stages, between the individual expansion stages, the air is additionally warmed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13732098.2A EP2867599A2 (de) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-25 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12004833 | 2012-06-28 | ||
| EP13732098.2A EP2867599A2 (de) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-25 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie |
| PCT/EP2013/001864 WO2014000882A2 (de) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-25 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2867599A2 true EP2867599A2 (de) | 2015-05-06 |
Family
ID=48700526
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13732098.2A Withdrawn EP2867599A2 (de) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-25 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150192065A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2867599A2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20150028332A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN104884886B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014000882A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2930322A1 (de) * | 2014-04-11 | 2015-10-14 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Anlage zum Speichern und Rückgewinnen von Energie |
| CN106048118B (zh) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-27 | 阿特拉斯·科普柯(上海)工艺设备有限公司 | 高炉煤气回收利用系统 |
| CN106247757B (zh) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-09-24 | 陈正洪 | 一种气体转化方法及系统 |
| US10634013B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2020-04-28 | Stanislav Sinatov | Method for liquid air energy storage with semi-closed CO2 bottoming cycle |
| CN108252750A (zh) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-07-06 | 华北电力大学(保定) | 一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统 |
| US11492966B2 (en) | 2019-12-09 | 2022-11-08 | Powerphase International, Llc | Methods of modifying existing gas turbine engine design to create a combined storage engine and simple cycle peaker product |
| US11549435B1 (en) | 2019-12-09 | 2023-01-10 | Powerphase International, Llc | Combined energy storage turbine and simple cycle peaker system |
| CN111305922B (zh) * | 2020-03-25 | 2024-07-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 液态空气储能系统 |
| CN113670003B (zh) * | 2021-07-29 | 2022-08-09 | 北京科技大学 | 高安全性的储能、发电和物质回收外压缩空分工艺流程 |
| CN113686099B (zh) * | 2021-08-09 | 2022-08-09 | 北京科技大学 | 一种基于内压缩空分储能装置的物质回收方法 |
| US20230408188A1 (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2023-12-21 | Neil M. Prosser | Liquid nitrogen energy storage system |
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| DE2434238A1 (de) * | 1974-07-16 | 1976-01-29 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur speicherung und rueckgewinnung von energie |
| DE3139567A1 (de) | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-21 | Bautz, Wilhelm, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur speicherung von elektrischer energie unter verwendung von fluessiggasen, insbesondere fluessiger luft |
| JPS58176407A (ja) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-15 | Nippon Sanso Kk | 多軸式複合サイクル発電方法 |
| GB9515907D0 (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1995-10-04 | Boc Group Plc | Air separation |
| DE19757588A1 (de) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-02 | Hitachi Ltd | Stromerzeugungssystem mit Gasturbine und Energiespeicher |
| JPH10238367A (ja) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-09-08 | Hitachi Ltd | エネルギ貯蔵型ガスタービン発電システム |
| JP2000291447A (ja) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-17 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 深冷タービン発電システム |
| JP2001090509A (ja) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-04-03 | Toyoshi Sakata | 液体空気を利用した冷熱発電システム |
| US7228715B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2007-06-12 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Cryogenic air separation process and apparatus |
| US20090282840A1 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2009-11-19 | Highview Enterprises Limited | Energy storage and generation |
| US7870746B2 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2011-01-18 | Expansion Energy, Llc | System and method for liquid air production, power storage and power release |
| US20110132032A1 (en) * | 2009-12-03 | 2011-06-09 | Marco Francesco Gatti | Liquid air method and apparatus |
| DE102011121011A1 (de) | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugungelektrischer Energie |
| PL2880267T3 (pl) * | 2012-08-02 | 2017-08-31 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Sposób i urządzenie do wytwarzania energii elektrycznej |
-
2013
- 2013-06-25 WO PCT/EP2013/001864 patent/WO2014000882A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-06-25 EP EP13732098.2A patent/EP2867599A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-06-25 CN CN201380034091.4A patent/CN104884886B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-25 US US14/409,006 patent/US20150192065A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-06-25 KR KR20157002452A patent/KR20150028332A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014000882A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104884886A (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
| US20150192065A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
| KR20150028332A (ko) | 2015-03-13 |
| WO2014000882A3 (de) | 2015-11-26 |
| WO2014000882A2 (de) | 2014-01-03 |
| CN104884886B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
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