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EP2867173A1 - Appareil et procédé pour la préparation d'une solution contenant des cations et des anions - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour la préparation d'une solution contenant des cations et des anions

Info

Publication number
EP2867173A1
EP2867173A1 EP13752933.5A EP13752933A EP2867173A1 EP 2867173 A1 EP2867173 A1 EP 2867173A1 EP 13752933 A EP13752933 A EP 13752933A EP 2867173 A1 EP2867173 A1 EP 2867173A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cations
solution
anions
releasing module
cation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13752933.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jianyu JIN
Guangwei Wang
Peixin Hu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips NV
Publication of EP2867173A1 publication Critical patent/EP2867173A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C02F2103/026—Treating water for medical or cosmetic purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C02F2201/4614—Current
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/4615—Time

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to preparations of a solution containing cations and anions, particularly to preparations of a solution containing selective cations and anions.
  • Ions are electrically charged particles which take various functions in vivo, as well as in industrial and household applications.
  • solutions containing ions are prepared in a traditional chemical dissolving way.
  • a solution containing K + and CI can be prepared by dissolving potassium chloride (KCl) in a solvent such as water or diluting concentrated KCl solution.
  • KCl potassium chloride
  • anions and cations are added according to a molar ratio which is not controllable.
  • K + and CI are added with a molar ratio of 1 : 1.
  • Na 2 S0 4 Na + and S0 4 2" are added with a molar ratio of 2: 1.
  • the corresponding electrolyte e.g., KCl
  • one electrolyte with the required cations and another electrolyte with the required anions are used together to provide the solution of the required cations and anions, which involves other ions not required.
  • users have to manage enormous kinds of electrolytes.
  • a concentration of anions such as CI- is hence determined.
  • additional type of chemicals would need to be added into the solution, such as K 2 SO 4 , HCl, etc., which means the concentrations of cations and anions has to be controlled by precise weight measuring of each additive beforehand.
  • the user may have to use caustic chemicals, e.g. HCl, H 2 SO 4 as raw materials or intermediate materials of the preparation, which is dangerous for the user.
  • caustic chemicals e.g. HCl, H 2 SO 4
  • the apparatus separately and automatically controls respective concentration of the anions and cations.
  • an apparatus for preparing a solution containing cations and anions comprises:
  • At least one cation releasing module each of which is configured to release at least one type of cations
  • At least one anion releasing module each of which is configured to release at least one type of anions
  • the apparatus comprises at least two cation releasing modules respectively for different types of cations, and/or at least two anion releasing modules respectively for different types of anions.
  • the apparatus can provide solutions with various combinations of cations and anions, taking account of both flexibility and simplicity.
  • the cation releasing module comprises: a metal and/or alloy electrode connected to the controller and configured to immerse in the solution; the controller is configured to apply a positive voltage on the metal and/or alloy electrode such that cations are released into the solution.
  • the metal and/or alloy electrode is small in size, thus multiple types of electrode can be assembled in the apparatus to provide the diversity for cation selection. Besides, the metal and/or alloy electrode has a high capacity of cation storage and is convenient for transportation and use, which would be beneficial for domestic applications.
  • an active metal anode can be used to generate metal cations.
  • an inert metal anode is used, and water electrolysis would be done and H + cations can be generated. This can avoid an involvement of a caustic acid, e.g. HC1, H 2 SO 4 , and thus is safe for the user.
  • the cation releasing module comprises a first container for containing a first electrolyte containing a first type of cations, the first container having a cationic membrane for separating the first electrolyte from the solution, and the controller is configured to apply a positive voltage in the first electrolyte such that the first type of cations are released into the solution through the cationic membrane.
  • the anion releasing module comprises a second container for containing a second electrolyte containing a second type of anions, the second container has a anionic membrane for separating the second electrolyte from the solution, and the controller is configured to apply a negative voltage in the second electrolyte such that the second type of anions are released into the solution through the anionic membrane.
  • the embodiment provides a specific implementation for the anion releasing module.
  • the cation releasing module comprises cation complexed polymers and/or gels which store the first type of cations and are configured to immerse in the solution
  • the controller is configured to electrolyze water in the solution and to generating generate H + ions which enter the cation complexed polymers and/or gels and exchange the first type of cations out of the polymers and/or gels and into the solution.
  • the anion releasing module comprises anion complexed polymers and/or gels storing the second type of anions and is configured to immerse in the solution
  • the controller is configured to electrolyze water in the solution and generate OH " ions which enter the anion complexed polymers and/or gels and exchange the second type of anions out of the polymers and/or gels and into the solution.
  • the embodiment provides still other specific implementations for the cation releasing module and the anion releasing module.
  • the polymers and/or gels are easy to be replaced and cost effective.
  • the controller provides the cation releasing module and the anion releasing module with currents to release ions; the controller is configured to determine an amplitude of the current flowing through each cation releasing module and flowing time, according to a first concentration of the corresponding cations; and/or
  • the controller is configured to determine an amplitude of the current flowing through each anion releasing module and flowing time according to a second concentration of the corresponding anions;
  • controller is configured to control the amplitude of the currents and flowing time for the cation releasing module and the anion releasing module to maintain the total electricity of the generated cations and the total electricity of the generated anions equal.
  • This embodiment provides a specific implementation for respectively controlling the concentration of each of the cations and anions automatically without involving precise weight measuring. This embodiment is quite automatic and flexible for the user to prepare the solution with required concentrations of ions.
  • the apparatus comprises a third container for containing the solution.
  • the apparatus can be placed into the solution, and the size of the apparatus can be small. Solutions for various usages, e.g. mineral water for drinking, water for tofu making, skin care, disinfection and laundry, should contain different types of suitable cations and/or anions. Thus it would be advantageous to provide the solution according to the practical need.
  • the apparatus further comprises: a first unit configured to determine a usage of the solution; a second unit configured to determine a first type of cations and/or a second type of anions according to the determined usage; and said controller selects the cation releasing module and/or the anion releasing module according to the first type of the cations and/or the second type of the anions.
  • FIGS. 1 -4 illustrate the block diagrams of different apparatuses according to different embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 5 illustrates one specific embodiment of a cation releasing module 10 of the apparatus 1 as shown in figures 1 -4;
  • Fig. 6 illustrates another specific embodiment of the cation releasing module 10' of the apparatus 1 as shown in figures 1 -4;
  • Fig. 7 illustrates one specific embodiment of the anion releasing module 12 of the apparatus 1 as shown in figures 1 -4;
  • Fig. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the apparatus 1 comprising cation releasing modules 10 and 10' and anions releasing modules 12 and 12' with the currents flowing direction.
  • Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a method 9 according to the embodiment of the invention.
  • Ca 2+ Calcium is a component of bones and teeth. It also functions as a biological messenger. The concentration of Ca 2+ in water affects the efficiency of detergents and sometimes causes insoluble precipitation.
  • K + and Na + Potassium and sodium ions' main function in animals is to maintain osmotic balance, particularly in the kidneys.
  • magnesium ions are a component of chlorophyll. It also relates to water hardness.
  • chloride ions are important in a balance of an inner environment of human body, and chloride is also a composition of the gastric acid.
  • P0 4 3 Adenosine triphosphate is a common molecule which stores energy in an accessible form. Bone is calcium phosphate. 7) Fe : Haemoglobin, the main oxygen carrying molecule has a central iron ion. The tervalent Ferric ion can coagulate the proteins and be used in hemostatic agents.
  • an apparatus 1 of preparing a solution containing cations and anions comprising:
  • At least one anion releasing module 12 each of which is configured to release at least one type of anions
  • controller 14 configured to control at least one said cation releasing module and at least one said anion releasing module to release corresponding types of ions.
  • FIGS. 1 -4 show the block diagrams of the different apparatuses 1 according to different embodiments of the invention.
  • one cation releasing module 10 and one anion releasing module 12 is comprised in the apparatus 1 .
  • the types of cations and anions in the solution are fixed.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises one anion releasing module 12 and several cation releasing modules 10, 10 ' and 10" to release a fixed anions together with any or any combination of the cations.
  • Fig. 1 shows the apparatus 1 a more complicated embodiment as shown in Fig.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises one cation releasing module 10 and several anion releasing modules 12, 12 ' and 12 " to release a fixed cations together with any or any combinations of the anions. Further, in an embodiment as shown in Fig. 4, the apparatus 1 comprises several cation releasing modules 10 , 10' and several anion releasing modules 12, 12' to release different combinations of anions and cations. It should be appreciated that in other embodiments the number of either or both of anion releasing module and cation releasing module can be different from that illustrated in Figs. 1 -4. According to an aspect of the invention, as shown in Fig. 9, it is provided a method of preparing solution containing cations and anions, comprising the steps of:
  • the cation releasing module 10 comprises a metal and/or alloy electrode 2 connected to the controller and configured to immerse in the solution. And the controller is configured to apply a positive voltage on the metal and/or alloy electrode such that cations are released into the solution.
  • the electrode 2 is made from active metal A and used as the anode.
  • the electrode 2 immerses in the solution 5, and when a positive voltage is applied on the electrode 2 (with a negative voltage is applied in the solution 5), the metal atom in the electrode 2 loses electrons, and the cations A m+ are released from the electrode 2 and into the solution 5.
  • active metal cations like Al 3+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Sn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Ag + can be released in this strategy.
  • the electrode equations are listed as follows:
  • e stands for an electron.
  • an inert metal electrode such as Pt electrode is used as the anode, and water electrolysis would be done at the anode and H + cations can be generated in the solution.
  • This can generate H + cations without dissolving a caustic acid addictive, e.g. HC1, H 2 SO 4 , and hence it is safe for the user.
  • the metal and/or alloy electrode is small in size, thus multiple types of electrode can be installed in the apparatus 1 to provide diversity for the cation selection.
  • the first selecting step comprises: applying a positive voltage on the metal and/or alloy electrode 2 such that the cations are released into the solution.
  • the cation releasing module 10' comprises a first container 3 for containing a first electrolyte 6 containing a first type of cations A m+ , and the first container 3 is for example configured to immerse into the solution 5.
  • the first container 3 has a cationic membrane 30 for separating the first electrolyte 6 from the solution 5, and the cationic membrane 30 only allows cations pass through, namely from the first container 3 to the solution 5.
  • the cation releasing module 10' comprises an anode 32 with one end immersing in the first electrolyte 6 and the other end connected to the controller 14 (not shown in Fig.
  • This embodiment provides another specific implementation for the cation releasing module.
  • Active metal cations such as Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ that is hard to be controllably generated by a metal anode can be stored and controllably released in this embodiment.
  • the first selecting step S94 comprises applying a positive voltage to the first electrolyte such that the cations are released into the solution through the cationic membrane 30.
  • other materials that can release cations under electrical control could also be used as the cation releasing module, such as polymer, gel.
  • the cation complexed polymer or gel storing this type of cations is configured to immerse in the solution, and the controller 14 is configured to electrolyze water in the solution to generate H + cations.
  • the H + cations enter into the cation complexed polymer and/or gel and exchange this type of stored cations out of the polymer or gel under the effect of the electric field, and this type of cations enters into the solution under the effect of the electric field.
  • one cation releasing module can contain one kind of polymer which stores and release one type of cations. In case that several types of cations are needed, several cation releasing modules respectively with corresponding polymer should be deployed.
  • one cation releasing module can contain one polymer stores several types of cations, or contain several polymers respectively stores one type of cations. In this varied implementation, the several types of cations would be released simultaneously.
  • the above description gives implementations for the cation releasing module 10, and the following description will elucidate implementations for the anion releasing module 12. • The anion releasing module
  • the anion releasing module 12 comprises a second container 4 for containing a second electrolyte 7 containing a second type of anions B n ⁇ , and the second container 4 is for example configured to immerse into the solution 5.
  • the second container 4 has an anionic membrane 40 for separating the second electrolyte 7 with the solution 5, and the anionic membrane 40 only allows anions pass through, namely from the second container 4 to the solution 5.
  • the cation releasing module 10 comprises a cathode 42 with one end immersing in the second electrolyte 7 and the other end connected to the controller 14 which is configured to apply a negative voltage to the second electrolyte 7 via the cathode 42.
  • Anions OH " are generated in the second electrolyte 7.
  • anions B n ⁇ flow out of the second electrolyte 7 through the anionic membrane 40 into the solution 5.
  • acid radicals such as CI " , S0 4 2" are required in the solution 5.
  • the user may have to manipulate HC1 or H 2 S0 4 , and this is dangerous.
  • the anion releasing module 12 can use a solution of KC1 or Na 2 S0 4 as the second electrolyte 7. The acid radicals are released without the manipulation of the user, and the user is free of the caustic chemicals.
  • the second selecting step comprises: applying a negative voltage to the second electrolyte such that the anions are released into the solution through the anionic membrane 40.
  • anion releasing module such as polymer, gel.
  • anion complexed polymer or gel storing this type of anions is configured to immerse in the solution, and the controller is configured to electrolyze water in the solution and generate OH " anions.
  • the OH " anions enter into the anion polymer or gel and exchange this type of stored anions out of the polymers or gels under the effect of the electric field, and this type of anions enters into the so lution under the effect o f the electric field.
  • one anion releasing module can contain one kind of polymer which stores and release one type of anions.
  • one anion releasing module can contain one polymer stores several types of anions, or contain several polymers respectively stores one type of anions. In this varied implementation, the several types of anions would be released simultaneously.
  • An apparatus 1 with two cation releasing modules 10 and two anion releasing modules 12 is taken as an example and illustrated in Fig. 8.
  • the controller 14 provides the cation releasing modules 10 and the anion releasing modules 12 with currents to release ions, and the controller 14 controls the amplitude of current and current flowing time for each module to obtain required concentration.
  • all of the cation releasing modules 10 and 10' are similar as that in Fig. 6 and the anion releasing modules 12 and 12' are similar as that in Fig. 7.
  • the apparatus further comprises a third container 50 for containing the solution 5, and those modules are placed within the container 50 and configured to immerse into the solution 5.
  • m, n, o and p are the charge numbers of the cations and anions; C A i m+ , C A2 n+ , C B I ° " and C B2 p" are the concentrations of the cations and anions; V is the volume of the solution S, I AI , I A2 , I B I and I A2 are the currents flow through the modules; t is the time for which the current flows and releases the ions.
  • the controller 14 determines the amplitude of the current flowing through the corresponding mo dule and flowing time , according to the concentration o f the corresponding ions together with charge numbers of the ions and a volume of the solution S. For example, for Al m+ , given the required concentration C AI TM + , the current I AI and time t shall meet the following expression:
  • the total amount of ions released could be monitored and controlled by the total electricity flow through the ion modules, which can be recorded as:
  • This embodiment provides a specific implementation for respectively controlling the concentration of each of the cations and ions. This embodiment is quite automatic and flexible for the user to prepare the solution with required concentrations of ions. As to the method aspect, the method further comprises:
  • the solution for various usages e.g. mineral water for drinking, tofu making, skin care, disinfection or laundry
  • the apparatus further comprises:
  • a first unit configured to obtain information concerning a usage of the solution
  • a second unit configured to determine a first type of the cations and/or a second type of the anions in the solution according to the obtained information
  • controller 14 selects at least one said cation releasing module 10 and/or at least one said anion releasing module 12 according to the determined first type of the cation and/or the determined second type of the anions.
  • the cations are Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and
  • the cations can be Ca , Mg , Zn and the anions are N0 3 " or S0 4 " .
  • the cations can be Ag+, H+, and the anions can be S 2 Os .
  • the solution is not used directly but undergoes a further processing, for example the usage of the solution is being electrolyzed to generate corresponding gases, such as Cl 2 .
  • the controller 14 selects modules to release corresponding ions into the solution, for example selects a CI " releasing module to release CI " into the solution so as to generate Cl 2 .
  • the first unit configured to obtain the information can be a user interface configured to receive the input from the user.
  • the interface can be a machine to machine interface to receive the instruction from the device.
  • the first unit can also be a memory prestoring the information concerning the usage of the solution.
  • the method further comprises the steps of:
  • said two selecting step respectively selects the cation releasing module 10 and/or the anion releasing module 12 according to the determined first type of the cations and/or the determined second type of the anions.
  • each of the cation releasing modules can contain and release two or more types of the cations simultaneously, such as Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+
  • each of the anion releasing modules can contain and release two or more types of the anions simultaneously. All such modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
  • the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim or in the description.
  • the word "a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
  • several technical features in the claim can be embodied by one component.
  • any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.
  • At least one of A, B and C should cover any one of the following: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A and B and C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, les ions sont importants pour la vie humaine. Le procédé actuel de choix du type d'ions et de la concentration d'ions est les façons traditionnelles de dissolution chimique. L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé de préparation d'une solution (5) contenant des cations et des anions. L'appareil comprend : au moins un module (10) de libération de cations, dont chacun est configuré pour libérer au moins un type de cations ; au moins un module (12) de libération d'anions, dont chacun est configuré pour libérer au moins un type d'anions ; et un dispositif de commande (14) configuré pour commander au moins un desdits modules (10) de libération de cations et au moins un desdits modules (12) de libération d'anions pour libérer des types correspondants d'ions. Le mode de réalisation de l'invention prépare automatiquement une solution par la régulation respective des cations et des anions.
EP13752933.5A 2012-06-27 2013-06-19 Appareil et procédé pour la préparation d'une solution contenant des cations et des anions Withdrawn EP2867173A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2012077616 2012-06-27
PCT/IB2013/055023 WO2014001968A1 (fr) 2012-06-27 2013-06-19 Appareil et procédé pour la préparation d'une solution contenant des cations et des anions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2867173A1 true EP2867173A1 (fr) 2015-05-06

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Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20150176141A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2867173A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6291490B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112014031975A2 (fr)
RU (1) RU2638352C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014001968A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015110612A1 (fr) * 2014-01-23 2015-07-30 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dispositif pour la préparation d'oxydants
CN111910198B (zh) * 2020-07-28 2022-12-27 山西师范大学 一种金属-石墨烯复合材料的梯度电场合成装置及其制备方法

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JP6291490B2 (ja) 2018-03-14
RU2638352C2 (ru) 2017-12-13
JP2015529542A (ja) 2015-10-08
WO2014001968A1 (fr) 2014-01-03
RU2015102308A (ru) 2016-08-10
US20150176141A1 (en) 2015-06-25

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