[go: up one dir, main page]

EP2732095A1 - Dispositif de formation de feuille - Google Patents

Dispositif de formation de feuille

Info

Publication number
EP2732095A1
EP2732095A1 EP12738433.7A EP12738433A EP2732095A1 EP 2732095 A1 EP2732095 A1 EP 2732095A1 EP 12738433 A EP12738433 A EP 12738433A EP 2732095 A1 EP2732095 A1 EP 2732095A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
wire
sheet forming
forming device
format
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12738433.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2732095B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Holzmann
Wolfgang Denk
Konstantin Fenkl
Günter Mohrhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Publication of EP2732095A1 publication Critical patent/EP2732095A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2732095B1 publication Critical patent/EP2732095B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/006Cutting the edges of the paper-web
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/56Deckle frame arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sheet forming device for a fourdrinier machine for producing a fibrous web, in particular a paper, cardboard or packaging paper web, from at least one pulp suspension, comprising at least a circumferential wire, a headbox, which produces a machine-wide pulp suspension jet via a headbox nozzle and applied to the wire , and two, each in both the edge region of the wire and in the area of the pulp suspension jet attached format limiting units, the format limiting units on the start side each have a means for separating an edge strip and the outside and the means for separating the edge strip preferably immediately downstream a means for discharging the separated edge strip ,
  • a sheet forming device of a fourdrinier machine is characterized by an endless screen, also called a wire screen, for forming the fibrous web, in particular the paper, board or packaging paper web.
  • the wire is over an open and flat table surface.
  • At least one pulp, which is highly diluted with water, the pulp suspension is added to a headbox, which generates a machine-wide pulp suspension jet with a headbox running in the machine width and places it on the moving wire. Subsequently, the pulp suspension is dewatered through the wire and there is a fibrous web, the further course the machine is further processed to the finished paper, board or packaging paper web.
  • format limiting units are mounted in the two edge regions of the wire and following the headbox of the headbox, which should prevent lateral bleeding of the pulp suspension and thus a dilution of the ultimately resulting paper, cardboard or packaging paper web in this area.
  • the format limiting units on the start side each have a means for separating the edge strip.
  • a means for discharging the separated edge strip is preferably provided on the outside and the packaging means, preferably immediately downstream.
  • the functional quality of the means for separating the marginal strip represents a decisive criterion. If the quality of the function is not constant, secondary flows can form in the region of the boundary boundary layers of the passing pulp suspension, which in turn lead to edge waves in the pulp suspension which run in the direction of the machine center. Also, in the poor quality separation of the edge strip material accumulation in the region of the means for separating the edge strip come on the one hand, the one already mentioned On the other hand, they can also detach uncontrollably and possibly lead to major manufacturing errors in the fibrous web to be produced. It is therefore an object of the invention to develop a sheet forming apparatus of the type mentioned in such a way that an improved and reliable separation of the edge strip takes place without any generation of edge waves in the hydrogen suspension and / or material accumulations of pulp suspension.
  • the means for separating the edge strip comprises a blade aligned at least from a first blade area, aligned in the running direction of the wire, wherein the blade has an angle opening in the running direction of the wire Fourdrinier, which is in the range 3 ° to 15 °.
  • the object of the invention is completely solved in this way. Due to the inventive design of the means for separating the edge strip is carried out an improved and reliable separation of the edge strip without any generation of edge waves in the pulp suspension and / or material accumulations of pulp suspension.
  • the upper edge of the blade forms a cutting edge, which in the context of the present invention is also referred to as the leading edge.
  • the cutting edge extends in the direction of the wire from an initial height linear and / or non-linearly increasing up to a final height.
  • the cutting edge preferably penetrates the pulp suspension of the edge strip before the final height completely. The gentle rise of the cutting edge allows a safe separation of the edge strip without accumulation of pulp.
  • a boundary wall of the closed channel is arranged in alignment with the blade.
  • a blade is characterized by a thin, preferably with a wall thickness of less than 5 mm, in particular less than 3mm or by a sharp-edged running leading edge. This reduces the risk of fiber accumulation and allows easy rinsing of accumulations of fibers or even their avoidance. By fiber accumulations related malfunctions can be avoided.
  • the blade length of the at least first blade area is dimensioned with respect to the height of the pulp suspension of the edge strip such that a caster distance, measured in the running direction of the wire from the point at which the at least one blade area of the blade has reached the height of the pulp suspension, has a length of at least 20 mm, preferably more than 30 mm.
  • the length of the at least first blade region is determined such that the required trailing distance is ensured for the region of the angle of the at least one blade region and the height of the pulp suspension of the edge strip.
  • the tracking distance is 70mm, for example. The trailing distance thus begins from the point where the blade has completely severed the edge strip. The minimum overrun distance has an advantageous effect on avoiding the formation of fibrous accumulations on the blade.
  • the angle of the blade area in the region of the trailing distance is also in the range of 3 ° to 15 ° and preferably equal to the angle of the blade area before complete separation of the edge strip.
  • Another blade area can be omitted especially in this case.
  • a second area therefore does not need more than a blade with a thin or sharp-edged leading edge be executed, but may be made of a sheet with a conventional and inexpensive processing. This applies, for example, to a boundary wall of the closed channel arranged in alignment with the blade. The flow-facing end face of the boundary wall is thus no longer flown.
  • the at least first blade region of the blade expediently extends at an angle of 3 ° to 15 °, preferably 5 ° to 15 °, in particular 10 ° to 15 °, to the wire and has a blade region length of 170 to 350 mm, preferably 220 up to 270 mm, on.
  • the blade area length is 250 mm.
  • the means for separating the edge strip comprises a blade consisting of two blade portions, the second blade portion being at an angle to the wire in the range of 25 ° to 35 °.
  • the first blade area of the blade in the running direction of the wire which is aligned at a further blade area of the blade at an angle of> 90 °, causes a gentle and gradual separation of the edge strip without any shocks and delays.
  • the second blade area of the blade performs, if necessary, then ultimately the complete separation of the edge strip.
  • the recycling of the fibers contained in the separated edge strip is carried out in the short cycle. This type of recycling provides the advantage of a resource savings, as a fiber blending, for example, with other layers, is completely avoided. This is particularly advantageous when using fresh fiber in the production of a white blanket.
  • the means for separating the edge strip optionally comprises a blade consisting of two blade portions, wherein the two blade portions of the blade at an angle of 90 to 1 10 °, preferably from 93 to 100 °, in particular from 95 to 100 °, are aligned with each other.
  • the first blade area of the blade preferably extends at an angle of 3 to 15 °, preferably 5 to 12 °, in particular 5 to 10 °, to the wire and preferably has a blade area length of 50 to 200 mm, preferably of 75 to 150 mm, in particular from 100 to 150 mm, on.
  • the second blade region of the blade preferably extends at an angle of 80 to 100 °, preferably 85 to 95 °, in particular about 90 °, to the wire and preferably has a blade region length of 25 to 100 mm, preferably 30 to 75 mm, in particular from 40 to 60 mm, on.
  • the two blade portions of the blade preferably merge into one another by means of a rounding.
  • the first blade region of the blade can run at an angle of 10-15 ° to the long sieve. It is also conceivable that the first blade portion of the blade at an angle of 1 1 -14 ° and in particular from 12-13 ° to the wire. With such an angular position of the first blade portion, the first blade portion may have a blade portion length of 170-350 mm. It is also conceivable that the blade area length of the first blade area in this case is 200-300 mm, optionally 220-280 mm, in particular 240-260 mm and for example 250 +/- 5 mm.
  • first blade region additional blade regions may also be dispensed with, so that in this case the means for separating the edge strip has only a first blade region.
  • the angle of the first blade area in the area of the trailing distance is also in the range of 3 ° to 15 ° and is preferably equal to the angle of the first Blade area before complete separation of the edge strip.
  • the second blade area can be omitted in this case. Therefore, this second area no longer needs to be executed as a blade with a thin or sharp-edged leading edge, but may be made of a sheet with a conventional and inexpensive processing.
  • the first blade area of the blade can run at an angle of 10-15 ° to the wire. It is also conceivable that the first blade portion of the blade at an angle of 1 1 -14 ° and in particular from 12-13 ° to the wire.
  • the second blade region may be disposed to the first blade region at an acute angle of 15-20 °. It is also conceivable that the acute angle is 16-19 ° and in particular 17-18 °. As a result, the second blade portion may be disposed at an angle of 25-35 ° to the wire. It is conceivable that the second blade area is also arranged at an angle of 27-33 ° and in particular of 29-31 ° to the wire.
  • a total blade area length of the first and second blade portions may be 170-350 mm. It is also conceivable that the total blade area length of the first blade area and the second blade area in this case is 200-300 mm, optionally 220-280 mm, in particular 240-260 mm and for example 250 +/- 5 mm. In the case of such a design of the first and second blade regions, additional blade regions can optionally be dispensed with, so that in this case the means for separating the edge strip has only a first and a second blade region.
  • the transition between the individual blade areas can be done by means of a circle radius or a predefined change in slope.
  • the two aforementioned embodiments which are characterized by a flat blade guide and by a long cutting edge length, a clean separation of the edge regions without disturbing Fiber accumulations are ensured in the cutting edge area.
  • the large cut edge length advantageously supports a reduction in the speed of the pulp suspension to be separated off. As a result, the quality of the fibrous web to be produced, in particular in the edge region, can be improved.
  • the blade first blade portion is preferably preceded by a blade nose having a nose height of 2 to 5 mm, preferably 2 to 3 mm, and an initial and lower nose radius of 2 to 3 mm.
  • a blade nose ensures safe guiding of the wire through the blade.
  • the blade nose may have a longitudinally oriented, terminal fold, wherein the Abkantungser the fold can be 5-10 mm long.
  • the bending length is measured from the terminal end of the fold to the edge or the transition region of the fold to the other first blade area.
  • the folded length may also be 6-9 mm, in particular 7-8 mm and preferably 7.5 mm.
  • the fold can be arranged to the wire at an angle of 10-20 °. It is also conceivable that the angle 1 1 -19 °, in particular 12-18 °, optionally 13- 17 °, for example 14-16 ° and preferably 15 ° +/- 0.5 °.
  • the blade preferably has a one-sided and preferably outside chamfer with a basic chamfer length of 3 to 8 mm, preferably of 5 to 8 mm, in particular of about 6 mm.
  • all of the surfaces of the pulp suspension jet are preferably made of a non-corrosive material, in particular a stainless steel existing blade preferably polished, preferably with a roughness of 0.4.
  • the format limiting unit and the blade arranged on the front side preferably have a common working plane which is preferably adjustable with positioning means.
  • the plane of action can be at least partially elastic. This is particularly advantageous when the positioning means do not extend over the entire length of the format limiting unit, but for example only in the region downstream of the blade. In this case, this rear area is adjustable regardless of the position of the blade.
  • the transition from the blade area to the rear area of the format-limiting unit is elastic, in particular flexurally elastic and preferably designed to be continuous. Such a common working plane contributes significantly to avoiding secondary flows and edge waves in the pulp suspension.
  • the format limiting unit is preferably at the beginning preferably directly connected to the headbox and end with a holder.
  • the holder may also have further positioning means for the two agents. This is particularly advantageous in an adjustment of the aperture and at least one lip of the headbox of the headbox.
  • the two format-limiting units are preferably designed and fastened such that the clear distance of the two format-limiting units from the center line of the wire is adjustable at least over a substantial part of its length in the direction of the wire.
  • the format limiting units can be elastically formed at least in sections and provided with at least one joint.
  • the means for discharging the separated edge strip preferably comprises a channel, in particular a sheet metal channel, which is arranged at least partially outside the blade and which directly or indirectly supplies the separated edge strips to a marginal strip recovery, in particular a sieve ship or a separate collecting unit.
  • a groove which preferably already begins in the region of the blade, ensures a continuous reliable extrusion of the separated edge strip.
  • the format-limiting unit is preferably provided with at least one fluid rinse, in particular water rinse, which prevents flow through the pulp suspension lying on the wire through it.
  • a fluid purge having two parallel, underside flushing channels is known, for example, from the publication EP 1 681 390 A1, the content of which is hereby made the subject of the present disclosure.
  • An alternative fluid flushing with a flushing channel on the underside and spraying nozzles arranged on the outside and directed in the direction of the flushing channel is known from EP 1 975 312 A1, the content of which is hereby also made the subject of the present disclosure.
  • the device for inside humidification of the format limiting unit provided with fine fluid mist, in particular water mist, thereby to prevent unwanted fiber structure on the format limiting unit.
  • the device preferably comprises a plurality of linearly arranged and acting conical jet nozzles of known type.
  • the sheet forming apparatus according to the invention can also be used in a fourdrinier machine for producing a fibrous web, in particular paper, cardboard or packaging paper web, from at least one pulp suspension.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section in the region of a jet impact point of a pulp suspension jet of a sheet forming apparatus according to the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of a format limiting device of a sheet forming apparatus according to the invention
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 are various partial views of the first preferred embodiment of FIG.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of the first preferred embodiment of the format limiting device of the sheet forming apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 are various partial views of a second preferred embodiment of a format limiting device of a sheet forming device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the second preferred embodiment of the size limiting device of the sheet forming apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section in the region of a jet impingement point P of a pulp suspension jet J of a sheet forming device 1.
  • the sheet forming device 1 for a non-illustrated fourdrinier machine 100 for producing a fibrous web 2, in particular a paper, cardboard or wrapping paper web, from at least one pulp suspension 3 comprises a circumferential and passed over a breast roll 5 four wire with a direction L (arrow) and a headbox 6, which produces the machine-wide pulp suspension jet J via a headbox nozzle 7 and on the long sieve. 4 applies.
  • the headbox 7 of the headbox 6 has a lower lip 8 and an overlying and preferably adjustable aperture 9.
  • the adjustability of the aperture 9 is indicated by a double arrow.
  • the wire 4 is, as already stated, passed over the breast roll 5 and then passed over a horizontally extending screen table 1 1 away.
  • Figure 1 shows a in the edge region of the wire 4 and in the area of the pulp suspension jet J attached format limiting unit 13, which has at its wall portion over a dried-up fabric area 14 and underneath a wet area 15.
  • FIG. 2 now shows a schematic perspective illustration of a first preferred embodiment of a size limiting device 13 of a sheet forming device 1 according to the invention for a nonwoven machine 100 for producing a fibrous web, in particular a paper, board or packaging paper web, from at least one fibrous suspension.
  • the format limiting unit 13 has a means 16 for separating an edge strip 17 (arrow) and the outside and the means 16 for separating the edge strip 17 (arrow) preferably immediately downstream of a means 18 for discharging the separated edge strip 17 (arrow).
  • the means 16 for separating the edge strip 17 in turn comprises a blade 19 consisting of two blade areas 19.1, 19.2, the two blade areas 19.1, 19.2 of the blade 19 being aligned at an angle W of> 90 ° relative to one another (cf. also FIG. 3).
  • the blade 19 may also have only one blade area 19.1 or more than two blade areas.
  • the two blade areas 19.1, 19.2 of the blade 19 are ideally aligned at an angle W of 90 to 110 °, preferably 93 to 100 °, in particular 95 to 100 °, to each other.
  • the format limiting unit 13 is provided with a fluid rinse 22, in particular water rinse, which prevents the fibrous suspension 3 lying on the wire 4 from flowing through under the same.
  • the supply lines 23 for the fluid purge 22 are shown at least partially.
  • a device 24, not shown in detail but known to the person skilled in the art, for humidification on the inside the format limiting unit 13 may be provided with fine fluid mist 25, in particular water mist, in order thereby to prevent an unwanted fiber structure on the format limiting unit 13.
  • the device 24 preferably comprises a plurality of linearly arranged and acting conical jet nozzles of known type.
  • the format limiting unit 13 and the blade 19 arranged on the start side have a common working plane E, which is preferably adjustable with known positioning means (see also FIG. 4).
  • the working plane E is at least partially elastic. This is particularly advantageous when the positioning means do not extend over the entire length of the format limiting unit 13, but for example only in the region downstream of the blade 19. In this case, this rear area is independent of the position of the blade 13 adjustable.
  • the transition from the blade area to the rear area of the format-limiting unit 13 is elastic, in particular flexurally elastic and running continuously.
  • the two format delimiting units 13 are formed and fixed such that the clear distance A (double arrow) of the two format limiting units 13 from the center line M of the wire 4 at least over a substantial part of its length in the direction (L) of the wire 4 is adjustable.
  • the center line M of the wire 4 is indicated by dashed lines symbolically.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show various partial views of the first preferred embodiment of the format limiting device 13 of the sheet forming device 1 according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2, for a fourdrinier machine 100 (not shown).
  • 3 view of center line M of the wire 4, see FIG. 2 at least partially illustrated means 16 for separating the edge strip 17 (arrow) comprises a blade 19.1, 19.2 existing blade 19, wherein the two blade portions 19.1, 19.2 of the blade 19 are aligned at an angle W of> 90 ° to each other.
  • the blade 19 may also have more than two blade portions.
  • the first blade area 19.1 of the blade 19 extends at an angle W1 of 3 to 15 °, preferably 5 to 12 °, in particular 5 to 10 °, to the indicated fourdrinier wire 4 and has a blade area length 19.1 L of 50 to 200 mm , preferably from 75 to 150 mm, in particular from 100 to 150 mm.
  • the second blade area 19.2 of the blade 19 extends at an angle W2 of 80 to 100 °, preferably 85 to 95 °, in particular about 90 °, to the indicated fourdrinier 4 and has a blade area length 19.2L of 25 to 100 mm, preferably from 30 to 75 mm, in particular from 40 to 60 mm.
  • the two blade portions 19.1, 19.2 of the blade 19 merge into one another by means of a rounding 19.3.
  • the first blade portion 19.1 may be arranged to the wire 4 at an angle W1 of 10-15 °. It is also conceivable that the first blade portion 19.1 of the blade 19 at an angle W1 of 1 1 -14 ° and in particular 12-13 ° to the wire 4 runs. With such an angular position of the first blade area 19.1, it may have a blade area length 19.1 L of 170-350 mm. It is also conceivable that the blade area length 19.1 L of the first blade area 19.1 in this case is 200-300 mm, optionally 220-280 mm, in particular 240-260 mm and for example 250 +/- 5 mm.
  • the angle W1 of the first blade portion is in a range between 3 to 15 ° to the wire and the blade length 19.1 L is dimensioned with respect to the height of the pulp suspension 19.6 of the edge strip 17 that the tracking distance 19.5, measured from the point at which the at least one blade portion 19.1 of the blade 19, the height of the pulp suspension 19.6 of the edge strip 17 has reached a length of at least 20mm, preferably more than 30 mm.
  • the trailing distance is 19.5 for a given machine speed, for example, 70mm.
  • the trailing section 19.5 begins in Fig. 3 So from the point at which the blade 19.1 has completely separated the pulp suspension 3 after the Strahlaufforestryddling P.
  • the minimum overrun distance 19.5 has an advantageous effect on preventing the formation of fibrous accumulations on the blade 19.1.
  • the angle of the first blade area 19.1 in the region of the trailing distance is likewise in the range of 3 ° to 15 ° and is initially equal to the angle W1 of the first blade area 19.1 before the complete severing of the pulp suspension 3.
  • this second area 19.2 does not need to be designed as a blade with a thin or sharp-edged leading edge, but can be made of a sheet with a conventional and inexpensive processing.
  • the boundary wall of the closed channel 13 is arranged in alignment with the blade.
  • the first blade portion 19.1 of the blade 19 is preceded by a blade nose 19.4 with a nose height 19.4H of 2 to 5 mm, preferably 2 to 3 mm, and an initial and lower nose radius 19.4R of 2 to 3 mm.
  • the blade nose 19.4 on the outside is not surrounded by the channel 20, in particular the sheet metal trough (see Figure 2).
  • the format limiting unit 13 is preferably initially connected directly to the headbox 6 and the end with a holder 26, not shown.
  • FIG. 4 shows at least partially the means 16 for separating the edge strip 17 in the form of a blade 19 and the means 18 for removing the separated edge strip 17.
  • the second means 18 comprises the channel 20 , in particular the sheet metal channel, which is at least partially outside of the blade 19 and which the severed edge strip 17 medium or directly the known and thus not shown RandstMailschreib desk deskung 21, in particular a sieve or a separate collecting unit supplies.
  • the means 16 for the separation of the edge strip 17 (arrow), which is at least partially illustrated in FIG. 5 (top view), comprises the blade 19, which has a chamfer 19.F with a chamfer base length 19.FL of 3 to 8 mm, preferably one on one side and preferably on the outside from 5 to 8 mm, in particular from about 6 mm.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of the first preferred embodiment of the format limiting device 13 of the sheet forming device 1 according to the invention shown in FIG.
  • the format limiting unit 13 is preferably directly connectable with the headbox 6 (see FIG. 1) and at the end with a holder 26 (not shown).
  • Figures 7 to 10 show various partial views of a second preferred embodiment of a format limiting device 13 of a sheet forming apparatus 1 according to the invention for a non-illustrated fourdrinier machine 100 for producing a fibrous web, in particular a paper, cardboard or packaging paper web, from at least one pulp suspension.
  • the format limiting unit 13 has a means 16 for separating an edge strip 17 (arrow) and the outside and the means 16 for separating the edge strip 17 (arrow) preferably immediately downstream of a means 18 for discharging the separated edge strip 17 (arrow) (see. Figure 2).
  • the means 16 for separating the edge strip 17 comprises a blade 19 consisting of three blade areas 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, the first and third blade areas 19.1, 19.3 of the blade 19 being aligned at an angle W of> 90 ° with respect to one another ,
  • the blade 19 may also have more than three blade areas.
  • the two blade areas 19.1, 19.3 of the blade 19 are ideally aligned at an angle W of 90 to 110 °, preferably 93 to 100 °, in particular 95 to 100 °, to each other.
  • the format limiting unit 13 is provided with a fluid rinse 22, in particular water rinsing, which prevents flow through the pulp suspension 3 lying on the wire 4 under the same (see FIG.
  • the supply lines 23 for the fluid purge 22 are at least partially shown (see also Figure 2).
  • the structural and functional properties of the fluid purge 22 reference is made to the two publications EP 1 681 390 A1 and EP 1 975 312 A1, the contents of which relating thereto are hereby made the subject of the present disclosure.
  • a device 24, not shown in detail but known to the person skilled in the art, for humidification on the inside the format limiting unit 13 may be provided with fine fluid mist 25, in particular water mist, in order thereby to prevent an unwanted fiber structure at the format limiting unit 13 (cf. FIG. 2 again).
  • the device 24 preferably comprises a plurality of linearly arranged and acting conical jet nozzles of known type (see again Figure 2).
  • the format limiting unit 13 and the blade 19 arranged on the start side have a common working plane E, which is preferably adjustable with known positioning means (cf., FIG. 2).
  • the two format limiting units 13 are also designed and fastened in such a way that the clear distance A (double arrow) of the two format delimiting units 13 is adjustable from the center line M of the wire 4 over at least a substantial part of its length in the running direction (L) of the wire 4 (cf. also FIG. 2).
  • the center line M of the wire 4 is symbolically indicated by dashed lines (see again Figure 2).
  • the means 16 for separating the edge strip 17 (arrow), which is at least partially illustrated in FIG. 7 (view of center line M of the wire 4, see FIG. 2), comprises a blade 19 consisting of three blade areas 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, the first one and the third blade portion 19.1, 19.3 of the blade 19 are aligned at an angle W of> 90 ° to each other.
  • the blade 19 may also have more than three blade areas.
  • the first blade portion 19.1 of the blade 19 extends at an angle W1 of 3 to 15 °, preferably from 5 to 12 °, in particular from 5 to 10 °, to the wire 4 and has a blade portion length 19.1 L of 50 to 200 mm, preferably from 75 to 150 mm, in particular from 100 to 150 mm, on.
  • the second blade area 19.2 of the blade 19 extends at an angle W2 of 15 to 60 °, preferably 25 to 50 °, in particular of approximately 37 °, to the wire 4 and has a blade area length 19.3L of 20 to 75 mm, preferred wise from 25 to 50 mm, in particular from 30 to 45 mm, on.
  • the third blade portion 19.3 of the blade 19 extends at an angle W3 of 80 to 100 °, preferably from 85 to 95 °, in particular of about 90 °, to the wire 4 and has a blade portion length 19.3L of 25 to 100 mm, preferably from 30 to 75 mm, in particular from 40 to 60 mm, on.
  • a total blade region length of the first and second blade regions 19.1, 19.2 may be 170-350 mm. It is also conceivable that the total blade area length of the first blade area 19.1 and the second blade area 19.2 in this case is 200-300 mm, optionally 220-280 mm, in particular 240-260 mm and for example 250 +/- 5 mm. In the case of such a configuration of the first and second blade regions 19.1, 19.2, additional blade regions may also be dispensed with, so that in this case the means 16 for separating the edge strip has only a first and a second blade region 19.1, 19.2.
  • the first blade portion 19.1 of the blade 19 is a blade nose 19.4 with a nose height 19.4H of 2 to 5 mm, preferably 2 to 3 mm, and an initial and lower nose radius 19.4R of 2 to 3 mm upstream (see Figure 9).
  • the blades- The nose 19.4 is not surrounded on the outside by the channel 20, in particular the metal channel (see FIG.
  • the blade nose 19.4 may have a bent edge 19.4K oriented toward the wire screen 4, as shown in FIG.
  • a folded length 19.4L of the 19.K bend can be 5-10 mm long.
  • the bevel 19.4K can be arranged at an angle 19.4W of 10-20 ° to the wire 4.
  • the fold length 19.4L can also be 6-9 mm, in particular 7-8 mm and preferably 7.5 mm.
  • the angle 19.4W can also be 1 1 -19 °, in particular 12-18 °, optionally 13-17 °, for example 14-16 ° and preferably 15 +/- 0.5 °.
  • the format limiting unit 13 is preferably initially connected directly to the headbox 6 and the end with a holder 26, not shown.
  • FIG. 8 (view in the direction L (arrow) of the wire 4) at least partially shows the means 16 for separating the edge strip 17 in the form of a blade 19 and the means 18 for removing the separated edge strip 17.
  • the second means 18 comprises the channel 20 , in particular the sheet metal channel, which is at least partially outside of the blade 19 and which the severed edge strip 17 medium or directly the known and thus not shown RandstMailschreib desk groundung 21, in particular a sieve or a separate collecting unit supplies.
  • the means 16 for the separation of the edge strip 17 (arrow), which is at least partially shown in FIG. 10 (top view), comprises the blade 19, which has a chamfer 19.F with a chamfer base length 19.FL of 3 to 8 mm, preferably one on the outside and preferably on the outside from 5 to 8 mm, in particular from about 6 mm.
  • all surfaces of the pulp suspension jet (compare FIG. 1) which are in contact, preferably of a non-corrosive material, in particular a stainless steel blade 19, are polished, preferably with a roughness depth of 0.4.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of the second preferred embodiment of the size limiting device 13 of the invention shown in FIG
  • the format limiting unit 13 is preferably directly connectable with the headbox 6 (see FIG. 1) and at the end with a holder 26 (not shown).
  • the sheet forming devices 1 according to the invention which are at least partially illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 11, are particularly suitable for use in a fourdrinier machine 100 for producing a fibrous web 2, in particular a paper, board or packaging paper web, from at least one fibrous stock suspension 3.
  • the invention provides a sheet forming apparatus of the type mentioned in such a way that an improved and process-safe separation of the edge strip without any generation of edge waves in the pulp suspension and / or material accumulations on pulp suspension takes place.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de formation de feuille (1) pour une machine à table plate (100) destinée à la production d'une feuille continue (2) de matière fibreuse, notamment une bande de papier, de carton ou de papier d'emballage, à partir d'au moins une suspension de matière fibreuse (3). Le dispositif de formation de feuille (1) comprend au moins une toile sans fin (4) tournante, une caisse de tête (6) qui produit par l'intermédiaire d'une buse (7) un jet (J) de suspension de matière fibreuse ayant la largeur de la machine et l'applique sur la toile sans fin (4), et deux unités de délimitation de format (13) respectivement montées tant dans la zone de bordure de la toile sans fin (4) que dans la zone du jet (J) de suspension de matière fibreuse, les unités de délimitation de format (13) présentant, côté début, respectivement un moyen (16) assurant la séparation d'une rognure de bordure (17) et, côté extérieur, un moyen (18) qui assure l'évacuation de la rognure de bordure (17) séparée et qui est monté, de préférence, directement en aval du moyen (16) assurant la séparation de la rognure de bordure (17). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le moyen (16) assurant la séparation de la rognure de bordure (17) comprend une lame (19) constituée au moins d'une première zone (19.1) et orientée dans le sens de défilement (L) de la toile, la lame (19) formant avec la toile un angle (W1) s'ouvrant dans le sens de défilement (L) de la toile compris entre 3° et 15°.
EP12738433.7A 2011-07-16 2012-07-16 Dispositif de formation de bande Active EP2732095B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201120103266 DE202011103266U1 (de) 2011-07-16 2011-07-16 Blattbildungsvorrichtung
PCT/EP2012/063880 WO2013010975A1 (fr) 2011-07-16 2012-07-16 Dispositif de formation de feuille

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2732095A1 true EP2732095A1 (fr) 2014-05-21
EP2732095B1 EP2732095B1 (fr) 2019-05-15

Family

ID=45372982

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12738433.7A Active EP2732095B1 (fr) 2011-07-16 2012-07-16 Dispositif de formation de bande

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2732095B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103842584B (fr)
DE (1) DE202011103266U1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2013010975A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202011103266U1 (de) * 2011-07-16 2011-08-29 Voith Patent Gmbh Blattbildungsvorrichtung
DE102018119008A1 (de) * 2018-08-06 2020-02-06 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur reduktion von randwellen bei einem blattbildungssystem sowie blattbildungssystem
DE102020125806A1 (de) 2020-10-02 2022-04-07 Voith Patent Gmbh Strömungsoptimierte Randbehandlung
DE102022112334A1 (de) 2022-05-17 2023-09-21 Voith Patent Gmbh Maschine und Verfahren zur Herstellung oder Behandlung einer Wellpappenrohpapierbahn mit einem Randbeschnitt in einer Trockenpartie

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3361620A (en) * 1964-12-11 1968-01-02 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Deckle assembly for a paper making machine
GB2139261B (en) 1982-11-25 1986-09-03 Beloit Corp Method and device for controlling the edge of a paper web formed on a travelling foraminous wire
FI116796B (fi) 2005-01-14 2006-02-28 Vaahto Oy Laitteisto paperi- tai kartonkikoneessa perälaatikosta tulevan massavirtauksen rajoittamiseksi
FI120205B (fi) 2007-03-28 2009-07-31 Vaahto Oy Menetelmä ja laitteisto paperi- tai kartonkikoneessa perälaatikosta tulevan massavirtauksen rajoittamiseksi
DE202011103266U1 (de) * 2011-07-16 2011-08-29 Voith Patent Gmbh Blattbildungsvorrichtung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2013010975A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013010977A1 (fr) 2013-01-24
WO2013010975A1 (fr) 2013-01-24
CN103842584A (zh) 2014-06-04
DE202011103266U1 (de) 2011-08-29
EP2732095B1 (fr) 2019-05-15
CN103842584B (zh) 2015-12-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2379801B1 (fr) Système de mise en bande destiné à une machine de production d'une bande de matière fibreuse multicouche
DE4225297C2 (de) Stoffauflauf für eine Papiermaschine
EP2885457A1 (fr) Dispositif d'étanchéité, cylindre aspirant et procédé pour la production et/ou la transformation d'une bande de papier, de carton ou de papier ouaté
EP2732095B1 (fr) Dispositif de formation de bande
DE3101407A1 (de) Stoffauflaufvorrichtung fuer eine papiermaschine
DE1461162A1 (de) Papiermaschine
DE102011004565A1 (de) Pressenpartie einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn
DE19983540B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung bei einer Papiermaschine zum Übertragen einer Bahn von einer Bahnbildungspartie zu einer Pressenpartie
DE102008040403A1 (de) Vorhang-Auftragswerk
DE3222428C2 (de) Doppelsieb-Papiermaschine
DE602005002646T2 (de) Vorrichtung und verfahren für eine papiermaschine
DE4497054C2 (de) Doppelsiebformer einer Papiermaschine
AT516646B1 (de) Formierpartie einer Faserbahnmaschine und sekundäre Formierpartie für eine Mehrlagenformierpartie einer Faserbahnmaschine
DE202009005580U1 (de) Stoffauflaufdüse
DE102012217408A1 (de) Stärkeauftragssystem in der Blattbildungsvorrichtung
EP0967323A2 (fr) Section de formage à deux toiles
EP4328376B1 (fr) Formeur à tamis oblique
DE102010041332A1 (de) Blattbildungssystem
DE3226388C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Abnahme der Ränder der Stoffsuspension beim Austritt des Stoffes aus den Stoffauflauf einer Papiermaschine
DE60113876T2 (de) Saugkasten mit skimmerleiste
AT504419B1 (de) Blattbildungspartie einer papier- oder kartonmaschine und verfahren in einer papier- oder kartonmaschine
DE202004001935U1 (de) Blattbildungssystem
DE102004042637A1 (de) Pressvorrichtung für eine Papiermaschine
DE1611761A1 (de) Verfahren zum Beeinflussen der Blattbildung bei der Herstellung von Faservliesbahnen
DE212010000109U1 (de) Schabervorrichtung für eine Faserbahnmaschine und Schaberanordnung in einer Faserbahnmaschine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20140217

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20181220

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: HOLZMANN, THOMAS

Inventor name: MOHRHARDT, GUENTER

Inventor name: FENKL, KONSTANTIN

Inventor name: DENK, WOLFGANG

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: DENK, WOLFGANG

Inventor name: FENKL, KONSTANTIN

Inventor name: HOLZMANN, THOMAS

Inventor name: MOHRHARDT, GUENTER

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502012014782

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20190515

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190815

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190915

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190815

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190816

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: VOITH PATENT GMBH

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502012014782

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20190731

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200218

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20190815

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190731

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190716

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190731

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190716

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190815

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190915

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20120716

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190515

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20250725

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20250722

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20250722

Year of fee payment: 14