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EP2728035B1 - Method for altering the surface properties of components - Google Patents

Method for altering the surface properties of components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2728035B1
EP2728035B1 EP12190803.2A EP12190803A EP2728035B1 EP 2728035 B1 EP2728035 B1 EP 2728035B1 EP 12190803 A EP12190803 A EP 12190803A EP 2728035 B1 EP2728035 B1 EP 2728035B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
temperature
layer material
layer
nickel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP12190803.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2728035A1 (en
Inventor
Horst Bronn
Katrin Friedberger
Josef Linska
Bernd Daniels
Michael Strasser
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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Priority to EP12190803.2A priority Critical patent/EP2728035B1/en
Publication of EP2728035A1 publication Critical patent/EP2728035A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C23C10/08—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases only one element being diffused
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C23C10/14—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases more than one element being diffused in one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C23C10/16—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases more than one element being diffused in more than one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C10/20—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being diffused
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C10/20—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/22—Metal melt containing the element to be diffused
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C10/26—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being diffused
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/60—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for changing the surface properties of components, which are built up incrementally in layers from a component material, for example, and a correspondingly produced component.
  • Generative manufacturing processes in which a workpiece is built up from material increments in layers, are increasingly used in the prior art not only for the production of prototypes, but also for the production of components in small series.
  • additive manufacturing processes are also suitable for the production of components for which other manufacturing processes cannot be carried out or can only be carried out with considerable difficulty.
  • components manufactured by generative processes should also have a corresponding surface quality in the form of low roughness.
  • due to the manufacturing process this is not the case immediately after the additive manufacturing, since the layer-by-layer design of the component on the surfaces results in steps and roughness according to the application of the layers.
  • Examples of methods for changing the surface properties of components, in which the surface of the component is coated with a layer material and the coated component is subjected to a heat treatment, are from US 2011/117385 A1 , of the US 2007/0269676 A1 and the DE 10 2005 059299 A1 known. Methods involving deposition in an immersion bath are disclosed in US Pat EP 0 861 919 A2 and EP 1 930 477 A1 known.
  • the desired smooth surface should be able to be produced in a simple and effective manner and in particular all surfaces of a component, that is to say surfaces of cavities and the like, should be machinable.
  • the method should also be usable in the generative production of a component for smoothing the surfaces.
  • a coating to the component to be machined, the coating containing components that melt at a lower temperature than the component material or form components with the component material that have a lower melting temperature than the component material and that this is coated accordingly
  • Component is subjected to a heat treatment, so that a diffusion between the coating and the component is made possible.
  • the combination of the applied coating with a lower melting point or components lowering the melting point on the one hand and the heat treatment on the other hand leads to diffusion processes between the coating and the component and / or to a melting of the coating and / or the original component surface, which leads to a leveling of the original rough surface of the component leads.
  • the layer material can be selected from the same material as the component material, with at least one element additionally being added which lowers the melting point.
  • the layer material can also be formed by only one component of the component material, namely preferably the main component of the component material.
  • the main alloy component in the form of a technically pure metal could therefore be selected as the layer material.
  • the layer can be formed from technically pure nickel as the main component of the nickel-based alloy.
  • Technically pure nickel is understood here to mean a material which consists of almost 100% nickel, but which may have impurities to the extent of the technical circumstances.
  • a nickel-based alloy alloyed with a melting point-lowering element can also be selected, wherein boron and / or phosphorus, for example, can be selected as the melting point-lowering elements.
  • Nickel-based alloys are to be understood as those alloys which contain nickel as the constituent with the largest proportion and which in particular comprise alloy elements which enable high-temperature use.
  • Inconel IN 718 can be named for this.
  • the layer material is applied in liquid form, a chemical reaction in an immersion bath being selected, for example in order to apply a nickel layer.
  • a chemical reaction in an immersion bath being selected, for example in order to apply a nickel layer.
  • Such a method is usually known as chemical nickel plating.
  • the heat treatment can be carried out at a temperature in the range of the melting temperature of the layer material and below the melting temperature of the component material.
  • the temperature can be selected in a range which ranges from a temperature 30% below the melting temperature to a temperature of 5% above the melting temperature of the layer material.
  • the heat treatment takes place in the area of the solution annealing temperature of the component material.
  • the heat treatment of a layer of chemical nickel can also be carried out at a temperature just above the melting temperature, so that the coating and / or the original surface of the component melts.
  • this can be done by a property-sensitive removal method, such as etching, so that the original surface can be exposed again.
  • etching a property-sensitive removal method, such as etching
  • a correspondingly manufactured component in particular an additive manufactured component, therefore has an edge zone which either comprises a coating or has at least formed a diffusion zone when the coating has been removed again.
  • the coating of this component has the component material provided with a melting point lowering element or a coating of a component of the component material.
  • the Figure 1 shows as an example the surface of a generatively produced component 1, which has a rough surface 2 after the incremental, layered structure.
  • the component can have been formed by selective laser sintering, by stereolithographic methods, by layer-by-layer gluing or melting.
  • the layer-by-layer production results in roughness on the surfaces.
  • the method of the present invention used to process the surface can be any method of the present invention used to process the surface.
  • the Figure 2 shows the sectional view of component 1 Figure 1 after applying a coating 3, for example by chemical nickel plating.
  • a coating 3 for example by chemical nickel plating.
  • the component 1 to be nickel-plated is immersed in a suitable liquid, so that nickel is deposited on the surface 2 of the component 1 by a corresponding chemical reaction of the components contained in the liquid.
  • the layer thicknesses of the deposited chemical nickel can be varied in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the component is subjected to a heat treatment which makes it possible for ingredients to diffuse exchange between the layer 3 and the component 1.
  • the heat treatment temperature can preferably also be selected such that the temperature is in the range of the melting temperature of the layer material, so that the rough surface 2 can be easily melted.
  • the diffusion processes and / or the melting of the surface 2 lead to a change in the surface properties, as shown schematically in FIG Figure 3 is shown.
  • the interface between the layer 3 and the component 1 now represents a smooth interface 4, since the diffusion processes and / or the melting result in a flattening of the above component areas.
  • such a heat-treated layer 3 can, for example, be better machinable and / or solderable and / or chemically and / or mechanically removable.
  • the component can be manufactured according to the state of manufacture Figure 3 Find use.
  • Etching processes are suitable as property-sensitive removal processes, the etching agent being matched to the composition of the coating.
  • the removal of material can be stopped after reaching the interface 4, so that the component 2 with the smoothed surface 5 is present.
  • the correspondingly manufactured components are thus characterized either by the presence of a coating on the surface or, in the case of removal of the coating after the heat treatment has been carried out, by a diffusion zone in the edge zone of component 1 due to the diffusion with the previously existing coating.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Description

HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Änderung der Oberflächeneigenschaften von Bauteilen, die beispielsweise inkrementell schichtweise aus einem Bauteilmaterial aufgebaut werden, sowie ein entsprechend hergestelltes Bauteil.The present invention relates to a method for changing the surface properties of components, which are built up incrementally in layers from a component material, for example, and a correspondingly produced component.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Generative Fertigungsverfahren, bei denen ein Werkstück aus Inkrementen aus Material schichtweise aufgebaut wird, werden im Stand der Technik zunehmend nicht nur für die Herstellung von Prototypen eingesetzt, sondern auch zur Herstellung von Bauteilen in Kleinserien. Darüber hinaus bieten sich derartige generative Herstellungsverfahren auch für die Herstellung von Bauteilen an, für die andere Herstellungsverfahren nicht oder nur mit erheblichen Schwierigkeiten durchgeführt werden können. Dies führt dazu, dass generativ hergestellte Bauteile auch eine entsprechende Oberflächengüte in Form einer geringen Rauheit aufweisen sollen. Dies ist jedoch aufgrund des Herstellungsverfahrens unmittelbar nach der generativen Herstellung nicht gegeben, da durch die schichtweise Ausbildung des Bauteils an den Oberflächen entsprechend der Aufbringung der Schichten Stufen und Rauigkeiten entstehen.Generative manufacturing processes, in which a workpiece is built up from material increments in layers, are increasingly used in the prior art not only for the production of prototypes, but also for the production of components in small series. In addition, such additive manufacturing processes are also suitable for the production of components for which other manufacturing processes cannot be carried out or can only be carried out with considerable difficulty. This means that components manufactured by generative processes should also have a corresponding surface quality in the form of low roughness. However, due to the manufacturing process, this is not the case immediately after the additive manufacturing, since the layer-by-layer design of the component on the surfaces results in steps and roughness according to the application of the layers.

Es ist deshalb bereits versucht worden, durch Aufbringung von Schichten, die die Unebenheiten ausfüllen sollen, die Oberflächengüte zu verbessern. Dies ist beispielsweise in der EP 0 420 614 A2 oder in F.E.H. Tay, E.H.A. Hae, M. Rahman, J.Y. Lee und T.E.H. Ong, Manufacture of R.P. Tools with High Quality Surface Finish Using High Temperature Epoxy Resin and Electroless Nickel Plating, in: Surface Engineering 2000, Vol. 16, No 3 beschrieben. Allerdings wird durch diese Maßnahmen die ursprünglich raue Oberfläche nicht beseitigt, sodass die Unebenheiten als Ausgangspunkte für Risswachstum und dergleichen weiterhin vorhanden sind. Außerdem kann bei bestimmten Anwendungsfällen das Vorhandensein der Beschichtung nachteilig sein.Attempts have therefore already been made to improve the surface quality by applying layers which are intended to fill in the unevenness. This is for example in the EP 0 420 614 A2 or in FEH Tay, EHA Hae, M. Rahman, JY Lee and TEH Ong, Manufacture of RP Tools with High Quality Surface Finish Using High Temperature Epoxy Resin and Electroless Nickel Plating, in: Surface Engineering 2000, Vol. 16, No 3 described. However, these measures do not remove the originally rough surface, so that the unevenness remains as starting points for crack growth and the like. In addition, the presence of the coating can be disadvantageous in certain applications.

Andere Verfahren zur Herstellung glatter Oberflächen, wie beispielsweise Schleifen, Strahlen, Polieren, Elektropolieren und dergleichen, sind aufwendig und können unter Umständen nur an bestimmten, frei zugänglichen Oberflächen durchgeführt werden.Other processes for the production of smooth surfaces, such as grinding, blasting, polishing, electropolishing and the like, are complex and, under certain circumstances, can only be carried out on certain, freely accessible surfaces.

Beispiele für Verfahren zur Änderung von Oberflächeneigenschaften von Bauteilen, bei denen jeweils die Oberfläche des Bauteils mit einem Schichtmaterial beschichtet wird und das beschichtete Bauteil einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wird, sind aus der US 2011/117385 A1 , der US 2007/0269676 A1 und der DE 10 2005 059299 A1 bekannt. Verfahren die eine Abscheidung in einem Tauchbad umfassen sind aus den EP 0 861 919 A2 und EP 1 930 477 A1 bekannt.Examples of methods for changing the surface properties of components, in which the surface of the component is coated with a layer material and the coated component is subjected to a heat treatment, are from US 2011/117385 A1 , of the US 2007/0269676 A1 and the DE 10 2005 059299 A1 known. Methods involving deposition in an immersion bath are disclosed in US Pat EP 0 861 919 A2 and EP 1 930 477 A1 known.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Änderung der Oberflächeneigenschaften von Bauteilen bereitzustellen, bei dem eine ausreichend gute Oberflächengüte erreicht wird, die ausreichend ist, um beispielsweise an derartig hergestellten Bauteilen optische Messverfahren oder eine zerstörungsfreie Bauteilprüfung, beispielsweise hinsichtlich Oberflächenrissprüfung, Wirbelstromprüfung usw., durchführen zu können.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for changing the surface properties of components, in which a sufficiently good surface quality is achieved which is sufficient, for example, to carry out optical measurement methods or non-destructive component testing on components manufactured in this way, for example with regard to surface crack testing, eddy current testing, etc.

Die gewünschte glatte Oberfläche soll jedoch in einfacher und effektiver Weise herstellbar sein und insbesondere sollen möglichst alle Flächen eines Bauteils, also auch Flächen von Hohlräumen und dergleichen bearbeitbar sein. Insbesondere soll das Verfahren auch bei der generativen Herstellung eines Bauteils für die Glättung der Oberflächen einsetzbar sein.However, the desired smooth surface should be able to be produced in a simple and effective manner and in particular all surfaces of a component, that is to say surfaces of cavities and the like, should be machinable. In particular, the method should also be usable in the generative production of a component for smoothing the surfaces.

TECHNISCHE LÖSUNGTECHNICAL SOLUTION

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.Advantageous refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, auf dem zu bearbeitenden Bauteil eine Beschichtung aufzubringen, wobei die Beschichtung Bestandteile enthält, die bei einer niedrigeren Temperatur schmelzen als das Bauteilmaterial oder mit dem Bauteilmaterial Komponenten bilden, die eine niedrigere Schmelztemperatur als das Bauteilmaterial aufweisen und dass das entsprechend beschichtete Bauteil einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wird, sodass eine Diffusion zwischen der Beschichtung und dem Bauteil ermöglicht wird. Durch die Kombination der aufgebrachten Beschichtung mit niedrigerem Schmelzpunkt oder Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Bestandteilen einerseits sowie der Wärmebehandlung andererseits, kommt es zu Diffusionsvorgängen zwischen der Beschichtung und dem Bauteil und/oder zu einem Anschmelzen der Beschichtung und/oder der ursprünglichen Bauteiloberfäche, was zu einer Einebnung der ursprünglich rauen Oberfläche des Bauteils führt.According to the invention, it is proposed to apply a coating to the component to be machined, the coating containing components that melt at a lower temperature than the component material or form components with the component material that have a lower melting temperature than the component material and that this is coated accordingly Component is subjected to a heat treatment, so that a diffusion between the coating and the component is made possible. The combination of the applied coating with a lower melting point or components lowering the melting point on the one hand and the heat treatment on the other hand leads to diffusion processes between the coating and the component and / or to a melting of the coating and / or the original component surface, which leads to a leveling of the original rough surface of the component leads.

Das Schichtmaterial kann aus dem gleichen Material gewählt werden, wie das Bauteilmaterial, wobei zusätzlich mindestens ein Element beigefügt sein sollte, welches den Schmelzpunkt erniedrigt. Alternativ kann das Schichtmaterial auch durch lediglich einen Bestandteil des Bauteilmaterials gebildet werden, nämlich vorzugsweise die Hauptkomponente des Bauteilmaterials. Bei einer metallischen Legierung, die für das Bauteilmaterial verwendet wird, könnte also die Hauptlegierungskomponente in Form eines technisch reinen Metalls als Schichtmaterial gewählt werden.The layer material can be selected from the same material as the component material, with at least one element additionally being added which lowers the melting point. Alternatively, the layer material can also be formed by only one component of the component material, namely preferably the main component of the component material. In the case of a metallic alloy that is used for the component material, the main alloy component in the form of a technically pure metal could therefore be selected as the layer material.

Bei der Verwendung einer Nickelbasislegierung als Bauteilmaterial z.B. für die generative Herstellung von temperaturbelasteten Bauteilen von Strömungsmaschinen, wie beispielsweise Gasturbinen oder Flugtriebwerken, kann die Schicht aus technisch reinem Nickel als dem Hauptbestandteil der Nickelbasislegierung gebildet werden. Unter technisch reinem Nickel wird hierbei ein Material verstanden, welches zu nahezu 100 % aus Nickel besteht, jedoch im Umfang der technischen Gegebenheiten Verunreinigungen aufweisen kann.When using a nickel-based alloy as component material e.g. For the additive manufacturing of temperature-stressed components of turbomachines, such as gas turbines or aircraft engines, the layer can be formed from technically pure nickel as the main component of the nickel-based alloy. Technically pure nickel is understood here to mean a material which consists of almost 100% nickel, but which may have impurities to the extent of the technical circumstances.

Alternativ kann bei einer Nickelbasislegierung als Bauteilmaterial auch eine mit einem Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Element legierte Nickelbasislegierung gewählt werden, wobei beispielsweise als Schmelzpunkt erniedrigende Elemente Bor und/oder Phosphor gewählt werden können.Alternatively, in the case of a nickel-based alloy as the component material, a nickel-based alloy alloyed with a melting point-lowering element can also be selected, wherein boron and / or phosphorus, for example, can be selected as the melting point-lowering elements.

Unter Nickelbasislegierung sind diejenigen Legierungen zu verstehen, die als Bestandteil mit dem größten Anteil Nickel aufweisen und die insbesondere Legierungselemente umfassen, die eine Hochtemperaturanwendung ermöglichen. Beispielsweise kann hierfür Inconel IN 718 genannt werden.Nickel-based alloys are to be understood as those alloys which contain nickel as the constituent with the largest proportion and which in particular comprise alloy elements which enable high-temperature use. For example, Inconel IN 718 can be named for this.

Das Schichtmaterial wird in flüssiger Form aufgebracht, wobei eine chemische Reaktion in einem Tauchbad gewählt wird, um beispielsweise eine Nickelschicht aufzubringen. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist üblicherweise als chemisch Vernickeln bekannt.The layer material is applied in liquid form, a chemical reaction in an immersion bath being selected, for example in order to apply a nickel layer. Such a method is usually known as chemical nickel plating.

Die Wärmebehandlung kann bei einer Temperatur im Bereich der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials und unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Bauteilmaterials durchgeführt werden. Insbesondere kann die Temperatur in einem Bereich gewählt werden, der von einer Temperatur 30 % unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur bis zu einer Temperatur von 5 % über der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials reicht.The heat treatment can be carried out at a temperature in the range of the melting temperature of the layer material and below the melting temperature of the component material. In particular, the temperature can be selected in a range which ranges from a temperature 30% below the melting temperature to a temperature of 5% above the melting temperature of the layer material.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Wärmebehandlung im Bereich der Lösungsglühtemperatur des Bauteilmaterials. Bei einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform kann bei einer Schicht aus chemischem Nickel die Wärmebehandlung auch bei einer Temperatur knapp oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur durchgeführt werden, sodass ein Anschmelzen der Beschichtung und/oder der ursprünglichen Oberfläche des Bauteils erfolgt.According to the invention, the heat treatment takes place in the area of the solution annealing temperature of the component material. In an embodiment not according to the invention, the heat treatment of a layer of chemical nickel can also be carried out at a temperature just above the melting temperature, so that the coating and / or the original surface of the component melts.

Obwohl nach der Durchführung der Wärmebehandlung bereits eine geglättete Grenzschicht zwischen der Beschichtung und dem Bauteil, also eine geglättete ursprüngliche Oberflächenschicht vorliegt und somit das Bauteil bereits in diesem Zustand mit der Beschichtung Verwendung finden kann, kann ein weiterer Verfahrensschritt vorgesehen sein, der eine Entfernung der Beschichtung vorsieht.Although after the heat treatment has been carried out there is already a smoothed boundary layer between the coating and the component, that is to say a smoothed original surface layer and the component can therefore already be used with the coating in this state, a further process step can be provided which involves removing the coating provides.

Dies kann bei dem vorliegenden Verfahren durch ein eigenschaftssensitives Abtragsverfahren, wie beispielsweise Ätzen, erfolgen, sodass die ursprüngliche Oberfläche wieder freigelegt werden kann. Damit kann die für bestimmte Anwendungen störende Beschichtung wieder entfernt werden, wobei gleichzeitig eine geglättete Oberfläche des Bauteils erreicht wird.In the present method, this can be done by a property-sensitive removal method, such as etching, so that the original surface can be exposed again. The coating which is disruptive for certain applications can thus be removed again, at the same time achieving a smoothed surface of the component.

Ein entsprechend hergestelltes Bauteil, insbesondere ein generativ hergestelltes Bauteil weist somit eine Randzone auf, die entweder eine Beschichtung umfasst oder zumindest eine Diffusionszone ausgebildet hat, wenn die Beschichtung wieder entfernt worden ist. Die Beschichtung dieses Bauteils weist das mit einem Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Element versehene Bauteilmaterial oder eine Beschichtung aus einem Bestandteil des Bauteilmaterials auf.A correspondingly manufactured component, in particular an additive manufactured component, therefore has an edge zone which either comprises a coating or has at least formed a diffusion zone when the coating has been removed again. The coating of this component has the component material provided with a melting point lowering element or a coating of a component of the component material.

KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die beigefügten Zeichnungen zeigen in rein schematischer Weise in

Fig.1
einen Querschnitt durch ein generativ hergestelltes Bauteil mit einer rauen Oberfläche;
Fig.2
einen Querschnitt durch das Bauteil aus Figur 1, das mit einer Schicht versehen ist;
Fig.3
einen Querschnitt durch das Bauteil aus den Figuren 1 und 2 nach Durchführung einer Wärmebehandlung; und in
Fig.4
einen Querschnitt durch das Bauteil aus den Figuren 1 bis 3 nach Abziehen der Beschichtung.
The accompanying drawings show in a purely schematic manner in
Fig. 1
a cross section through a generatively manufactured component with a rough surface;
Fig. 2
a cross section through the component Figure 1 which is provided with a layer;
Fig. 3
a cross section through the component from the Figures 1 and 2 after performing heat treatment; and in
Fig. 4
a cross section through the component from the Figures 1 to 3 after peeling off the coating.

AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEXAMPLE OF EXAMPLE

Weitere Vorteile, Kennzeichen und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung werden bei der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels deutlich.Further advantages, characteristics and features of the present invention will become clear in the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment.

Die Figur 1 zeigt als Beispiel die Oberfläche eines generativ hergestellten Bauteils 1, welches nach dem inkrementellen, schichtweisen Aufbau eine raue Oberfläche 2 aufweist. Beispielsweise kann das Bauteil durch selektives Lasersintern, durch stereolithographischen Verfahren, durch schichtweises Kleben oder Aufschmelzen gebildet worden sein. Durch die schichtweise Herstellung kommt es an den Oberflächen zur Ausbildung einer Rauheit. Allerdings kann das zur Bearbeitung der Oberfläche eingesetzte Verfahren der vorliegenden Erfindung,The Figure 1 shows as an example the surface of a generatively produced component 1, which has a rough surface 2 after the incremental, layered structure. For example, the component can have been formed by selective laser sintering, by stereolithographic methods, by layer-by-layer gluing or melting. The layer-by-layer production results in roughness on the surfaces. However, the method of the present invention used to process the surface can

Die Figur 2 zeigt die Schnittansicht des Bauteils 1 aus Figur 1 nach Aufbringen einer Beschichtung 3, beispielsweise durch chemisches Vernickeln. Hierzu wird das zu vernickelnde Bauteil 1 in eine geeignete Flüssigkeit eingetaucht, sodass durch eine entsprechende chemische Reaktion der in der Flüssigkeit enthaltenen Komponenten Nickel an der Oberfläche 2 des Bauteils 1 abgeschieden wird. Die Schichtdicken des abgeschiedenen chemischen Nickels können hierbei im Bereich von 1 µm bis 100 µm variiert werden.The Figure 2 shows the sectional view of component 1 Figure 1 after applying a coating 3, for example by chemical nickel plating. For this purpose, the component 1 to be nickel-plated is immersed in a suitable liquid, so that nickel is deposited on the surface 2 of the component 1 by a corresponding chemical reaction of the components contained in the liquid. The layer thicknesses of the deposited chemical nickel can be varied in the range from 1 µm to 100 µm.

Nachdem die Schicht 3 auf dem Bauteil 1 erzeugt worden ist, wird das Bauteil einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen, die es ermöglicht, dass ein Diffusionsaustausch von Inhaltsstoffen zwischen der Schicht 3 und dem Bauteil 1 erfolgen kann. Vorzugsweise kann die Wärmebehandlungstemperatur auch so gewählt werden, dass die Temperatur im Bereich der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials liegt, sodass ein leichtes Anschmelzen der rauen Oberfläche 2 erfolgen kann. Durch die Diffusionsvorgänge und/oder das Anschmelzen der Oberfläche 2 kommt es zu einer Änderung der Oberflächeneigenschaften, wie dies schematisch in Figur 3 dargestellt ist. Insbesondere die Grenzfläche zwischen der Schicht 3 und dem Bauteil 1 stellt nun eine glatte Grenzfläche 4 dar, da es durch die Diffusionsvorgänge und/oder das Anschmelzen zu einem Einebnen der vorstehenden Bauteilbereiche kommt. Darüber hinaus kann eine solche wärmebehandelte Schicht 3 beispielsweise besser spanbar und/oder lötbar und/oder chemisch und/oder mechanisch abtragbar sein.After the layer 3 has been produced on the component 1, the component is subjected to a heat treatment which makes it possible for ingredients to diffuse exchange between the layer 3 and the component 1. The heat treatment temperature can preferably also be selected such that the temperature is in the range of the melting temperature of the layer material, so that the rough surface 2 can be easily melted. The diffusion processes and / or the melting of the surface 2 lead to a change in the surface properties, as shown schematically in FIG Figure 3 is shown. In particular, the interface between the layer 3 and the component 1 now represents a smooth interface 4, since the diffusion processes and / or the melting result in a flattening of the above component areas. In addition, such a heat-treated layer 3 can, for example, be better machinable and / or solderable and / or chemically and / or mechanically removable.

Je nach Anwendungsfall und Einsatzgebiet kann das Bauteil im Herstellungszustand gemäß Figur 3 Verwendung finden.Depending on the application and area of application, the component can be manufactured according to the state of manufacture Figure 3 Find use.

Allerdings ist es auch möglich, die Schicht 3 wieder zu entfernen, sodass die eingeebnete Grenzfläche 4 als geglättete Oberfläche 5 am Bauteil 1 vorliegt.However, it is also possible to remove the layer 3 again, so that the leveled interface 4 is present as a smoothed surface 5 on the component 1.

Als eigenschaftssensitive Abtragsverfahren kommen hierfür beispielsweise Ätzverfahren in Frage, wobei das Ätzmittel auf die Zusammensetzung der Beschichtung abgestimmt ist. Durch eine Veränderung im Ätzverhalten an der Grenzfläche 4 kann das Abtragen von Material nach Erreichen der Grenzfläche 4 gestoppt werden, sodass das Bauteil 2 mit der geglätteten Oberfläche 5 vorliegt.Etching processes, for example, are suitable as property-sensitive removal processes, the etching agent being matched to the composition of the coating. By changing the etching behavior at the interface 4, the removal of material can be stopped after reaching the interface 4, so that the component 2 with the smoothed surface 5 is present.

Die entsprechend hergestellten Bauteile zeichnen sich somit entweder durch das Vorliegen einer Beschichtung an der Oberfläche aus, oder, im Falle des Abtragens der Beschichtung nach Durchführung der Wärmebehandlung, durch eine durch die Diffusion mit der ehemals vorhandenen Beschichtung vorhandene Diffusionszone in der Randzone des Bauteils 1.The correspondingly manufactured components are thus characterized either by the presence of a coating on the surface or, in the case of removal of the coating after the heat treatment has been carried out, by a diffusion zone in the edge zone of component 1 due to the diffusion with the previously existing coating.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for changing the surface properties, in particular for smoothing the surface of a component,
    characterized in that
    - the surface of the component is coated with a layer material which is applied in liquid form and deposited by chemical reaction in an immersion bath and which has a composition containing at least one constituent which
    - melts at a lower temperature than the component material or
    - forms, together with the component material, at least one component part that has a lower melting temperature than the component material,
    and in that
    - the coated component is subjected to a heat treatment which is carried out in the range of the solution annealing temperature of the component material such that diffusion processes can take place between the coating and the component,
    - the component material being a metal alloy and the layer material being a metal alloy or a technically pure metal; and
    - the coating being optionally removed again after the heat treatment by means of a property-sensitive removal process.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer material is a component material provided with at least one element which lowers the melting point.
  3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer material is formed from the main component part of the component material.
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component material is a nickel-based alloy and the layer material is nickel, or the layer material is a nickel-based alloy alloyed with at least one element which lowers the melting point.
  5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the element which lowers the melting point is boron and/or phosphorus.
  6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat treatment is carried out in a range of the melting temperature of the layer material and below the melting temperature of the component material, in particular in a temperature range from a temperature 30% below the melting temperature of the layer material up to a temperature 5% above the melting temperature of the layer material.
  7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that for a layer deposited by chemical nickel plating, the heat treatment is at a temperature above the melting temperature of the chemically deposited nickel.
  8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating is removed again after the heat treatment by means of etching.
  9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is used for the additive manufacturing of a component in which the component is built up incrementally in layers from a component material, in order to at least partially smooth the component surface.
EP12190803.2A 2012-10-31 2012-10-31 Method for altering the surface properties of components Active EP2728035B1 (en)

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CN104630697B (en) * 2014-12-17 2017-08-25 国家电网公司 A kind of ternary co-osmosized layer of zinc-aluminum-magnesium and preparation method
CN104630695B (en) * 2015-01-27 2017-08-25 国家电网公司 It is a kind of to be used for the allumen diffusion medium of co-penetration layer at high proportion

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0861919A2 (en) * 1997-01-31 1998-09-02 Sermatech International Inc. Method for removal of surface layers of metallic coatings (stripping)
EP1930477A1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2008-06-11 General Electric Company Method for selectively removing coatings from metal substrates

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7335427B2 (en) * 2004-12-17 2008-02-26 General Electric Company Preform and method of repairing nickel-base superalloys and components repaired thereby
US20070269676A1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-22 Singer Kevin M Diffusion barrier layer and method of making the same, and wear resistant article with the diffusion barrier layer and method of making the same
US8453325B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2013-06-04 United Technologies Corporation Method of repair on nickel based HPT shrouds

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0861919A2 (en) * 1997-01-31 1998-09-02 Sermatech International Inc. Method for removal of surface layers of metallic coatings (stripping)
EP1930477A1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2008-06-11 General Electric Company Method for selectively removing coatings from metal substrates

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