EP2721197A1 - Assemblage membrane-electrodes pour dispositif d'electrolyse - Google Patents
Assemblage membrane-electrodes pour dispositif d'electrolyseInfo
- Publication number
- EP2721197A1 EP2721197A1 EP12730830.2A EP12730830A EP2721197A1 EP 2721197 A1 EP2721197 A1 EP 2721197A1 EP 12730830 A EP12730830 A EP 12730830A EP 2721197 A1 EP2721197 A1 EP 2721197A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- proton exchange
- cathode
- catalyst
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
- C25B11/063—Valve metal, e.g. titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to the production of gas by electrolysis, and in particular hydrogen production devices using a proton exchange membrane to implement a low temperature electrolysis of water.
- Fuel cells are envisaged as a power supply system for large scale motor vehicles in the future, as well as for a large number of applications.
- a fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Dihydrogen is used as fuel for the fuel cell. The dihydrogen is oxidized on one electrode of the cell and the oxygen of the air is reduced on another electrode of the cell. The chemical reaction produces water. The great advantage of the fuel cell is that it avoids releases of atmospheric pollutants at the place of generation.
- electrolysers provided with a proton exchange membrane (so-called PEM for Proton Exchange Membrane in English language) are known.
- PEM Proton Exchange Membrane in English language
- an anode and a cathode are fixed on either side of the proton exchange membrane and brought into contact with water.
- a potential difference is applied between the anode and the cathode.
- oxygen is produced at the anode by oxidation of the water.
- the oxidation at the anode also generates H + ions that cross the proton exchange membrane to the cathode and electrons are returned to the cathode by the power supply.
- H + ions are reduced at the cathode to generate dihydrogen.
- the proton exchange membrane is not perfectly impermeable to gases. Part of the gases produced at the anode and at the cathode thus passes through the proton exchange membrane by diffusion. This induces on the one hand problems of purity of the produced gases but also induces problems of security. In particular, the proportion of hydrogen in oxygen must absolutely remain below 4%, such a proportion being the lower explosive limit of hydrogen in oxygen.
- a reduction in the permeability of the membranes to gases can be envisaged by increasing the thickness of the proton exchange membrane. However, this leads to an increase in the electrical resistance making the crossing of the H + ions more difficult and leads to a decrease in the performance of the systems.
- catalytic particles are intended to recombine the dihydrogen crossing the membrane with the oxygen passing through the membrane. The amounts of oxygen reaching the cathode and dihydrogen reaching the anode are thus reduced.
- the recombination reaction at the level of the catalytic particles is exothermic and induces a loss of energy.
- such a solution is not optimized for industrial application, since part of the dihydrogen generated at the cathode is still lost inside the proton exchange membrane.
- the permeability of the proton exchange membrane to dihydrogen is greater than its dioxygen permeability. Therefore, a part of the dihydrogen still reaches the anode since the oxygen is insufficient in the catalytic particles disposed in the membrane.
- the invention aims to solve one or more of these disadvantages.
- the invention thus relates to a membrane-electrode assembly for an electrolysis device, comprising:
- a conductive junction connecting the catalyst and the cathode, the conductive junction having an electrical resistance greater than the proton resistance of the membrane between the catalyst and the cathode.
- the electrical resistance of the junction is at least 20 times greater than the protonic resistance between the catalyst and the cathode.
- the junction forms a peripheral frame maintaining the proton exchange membrane in position.
- the junction comprises a structural part having an electrical resistivity at 293, 1 5K greater than 20 ⁇ . ⁇ .
- the catalyst is capable of oxidizing dihydrogen.
- the catalyst comprises titanium fixed on a conductive graphite support, the conductive graphite support being attached to a first layer of the proton exchange membrane integral with the cathode and fixed to a second layer of the proton exchange membrane solid with the anode.
- the proton resistance of the first proton exchange layer is lower than the proton resistance of the second proton exchange layer.
- the proton exchange membrane comprises first, second and third proton exchange layers, the cathode being fixed on the first proton exchange layer and the anode being fixed on the third proton exchange layer, said catalyst being a first catalyst disposed between the first and second proton exchange layers, the assembly further comprising:
- the invention also relates to a device for electrolysis of water, comprising a membrane-electrode assembly as described above and a power supply applying a potential difference between the anode and the cathode of the membrane-electrical assembly. electrodes, this potential difference being suitable for hydrolyzing water in contact with the anode.
- the resistances of the junction between the catalyst and the cathode are configured so that the catalyst tension is less than 0.8 V.
- FIG 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electrolysis device incorporating a membrane-electrode assembly according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an electrolysis device incorporating a membrane-electrode assembly according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the invention proposes placing a catalyst inside the proton exchange membrane of a membrane-electrode assembly.
- An electronically conductive junction connects the catalyst to the cathode, with resistance between 2 and 500 times greater than the proton resistance of the membrane between the catalyst and the cathode.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an example of an electrolysis device
- the electrolysis device 1 comprises an electrochemical cell 2 and a power supply 3.
- the electrochemical cell 2 comprises a membrane-electrode assembly 4, electrical supply plates 203 and 204, porous current collectors 205 and 206 and gaskets 201 and 202.
- the membrane-electrode assembly 4 comprises a proton exchange membrane, as well as a cathode and an anode fixed on either side of this proton exchange membrane.
- the proton exchange membrane comprises a first layer 401 on which the cathode 403 is attached.
- the proton exchange membrane comprises a second layer 402 on which the anode 404 is attached.
- a catalyst in the form of a catalytic layer 41 0 is placed inside the proton exchange membrane, between the first layer 401 and the second layer 402.
- the membrane-electrode assembly 4 thus comprises a cathode stack 403, the first layer 401, catalytic layer 410, second layer 402 and anode 404.
- the membrane-electrode assembly 4 further comprises an electronically conductive junction 41 1 connecting the cathode 403 to the catalytic layer 41 0.
- the porous current collector 205 is interposed between the cathode 403 and the feed plate 203.
- the porous current collector 206 is interposed between the anode 404 and the feed plate 204.
- the power supply plate 203 has an unillustrated water supply conduit in communication with the cathode 403 through the porous current collector 205.
- the power supply plate 203 also has a hydrogen evacuation conduit. not shown, in communication with the cathode 403 via the porous current collector 205.
- the power supply plate 204 has an unillustrated water supply conduit in communication with the anode 404 through the porous current collector 206.
- the power supply plate 204 also has an exhaust duct. of no oxygen illustrated, in communication with anode 404 via porous current collector 206.
- the power supply 3 is configured to apply a DC voltage generally between 1.3 V and 3.0 V, with a current density at the feed plates of between 10 and 40 000 A / m 2 , advantageously between 500 and 40,000 A / m 2.
- a DC voltage generally between 1.3 V and 3.0 V
- a current density at the feed plates of between 10 and 40 000 A / m 2 , advantageously between 500 and 40,000 A / m 2.
- the reaction at anode 404 is as follows:
- the protons generated by the anodic reaction pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode 403.
- the feed 3 conducts the electrons generated by the anodic reaction to the cathode 403.
- the reaction at cathode 403 is thus as follows:
- the proton exchange membrane has the function of being traversed by protons from the anode 404 to the cathode 403, while blocking the electrons and the dioxygen and dihydrogen generated.
- the known structures of proton exchange membranes undergo a phenomenon of diffusion of a portion of the gases produced at the cathode and at the anode.
- the catalytic layer 41 has the primary function of oxidizing the dihydrogen through the membrane to form protons.
- the protons thus formed return under the effect of the electric field to the cathode 403.
- the amount of hydrogen reaching the anode 404 is thus reduced.
- the catalytic layer 41 has the second function of reducing the oxygen passing through the membrane to form water. This reduction reaction in particular involves protons present in the proton exchange membrane.
- the catalytic layer 41 has the third function of collecting electrons generated by the oxidation of dihydrogen not compensated by the reduction of oxygen.
- the catalytic layer 41 0 is conductive.
- the electrical resistance of the junction 41 1 is at least 2 greater than the proton resistance of the membrane between the layer 410 and the cathode 403, advantageously at least 20 times higher, preferably at least 50 times higher, and preferably at least 100 times higher. With such values, it avoids creating too much leakage current.
- the standard ESH potential (at 100 kPa and 298.15 K) of the H7H 2 pair is equal to 0V.
- the ESH standard potential of the pair 0 2 / H 2 0 is equal to 1.23V.
- the potential of the layer 410 must therefore be greater than 0 to allow the dihydrogen to be oxidized and must advantageously be less than 0.8 V (ERH) to guarantee an optimal reduction of the oxygen.
- the hydrogen permeation measured on the materials conventionally used as membrane corresponds to a maximum current density of 10 mA cm- 2 (as a function of the thickness and the conditions of temperature, pressure, etc.).
- This current density value is the maximum value that can cross the junction 41 1. Indeed, a portion of the hydrogen passing through the membrane is directly recombined at the layer 410 with oxygen (reduction) to form water.
- the maximum value of the resistance of the junction 41 1 is thus 8 ⁇ .
- the proton resistance of the membrane between the layer 410 and the cathode 403 may in this case be advantageously between 6 and 32 m ⁇ depending on its nature, its thickness and the measurement conditions (temperature, pressure), taking for example a cross section of 25 cm 2 for the anode 404.
- the junction 41 1 can be made by means of a high-resistivity material such as a semiconducting metal oxide (Sn0 2 , mixed oxide with antimony or indium for example) or an electronically conductive polymer.
- the junction 41 1 may for example be made by means of a structural element having an electrical resistivity at 293.1 5K greater than 20 ⁇ -cm.
- the junction 41 1 can also be made by means of a resistive electronic component connected to the layer 410 and to the cathode 403 by means of electric cables.
- the junction 41 1 forms a peripheral frame ensuring the holding in position of the cathode 403 or the first layer 401.
- the cathode 403 may advantageously be formed using an electronically conductive material composed of platinum particles supported by carbon.
- the anode 404 may advantageously be formed using noble metal oxides such as iridium or ruthenium oxides in order to withstand high potentials.
- the layer 41 0 is advantageously formed of a porous electronic conductive support on which a catalyst material such as platinum is fixed. This layer 41 0 is configured in a manner known per se to allow the passage of protons.
- the layer 410 may be in the form of a conductive carbon grid on which platinum particles are fixed.
- the layer 41 may also be in the form of a layer of carbon coated with a layer of platinum particles.
- the layer 41 may be formed by applying an ink including the catalyst material to the conductive support.
- the formed layer 41 may be joined with the layers 401 and 402 by any suitable method such as hot pressing.
- the layer 41 may also be formed by applying this ink directly to the first layer 401 or the second layer 402 of the proton exchange membrane.
- the application of the ink can be carried out by any appropriate method, for example by spraying, coating or screen printing.
- the deposition of the layer 41 can also be carried out by any other technique such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) or by chemical vapor deposition metal-organic (MOCVD).
- the thickness of the layer 41 may for example be limited so as not to induce an excessive resistance to proton diffusion through the membrane-electrode assembly 4.
- the layers 401 and 402 may be formed from materials usually selected by those skilled in the art for proton exchange membranes.
- a material such as that sold under the reference Nafion 21 1 or under the reference Nafion 212 may for example be used.
- the permeability of the proton exchange membrane to dihydrogen is greater than its dioxygen permeability.
- the objective is to limit the direct recombination of hydrogen with oxygen at the layer 41 0.
- the use of the junction 41 1, allowing the recovery of the hydrogen permeation at the cathode 403 must to be privileged.
- the amount of oxygen present at the layer 41 0 must be limited by the sizing of the layers 401 and 402.
- the thickness of the layer 402 is greater than that of the layer 401.
- layers 401 and 402 made of a material distributed under the commercial reference Nafion 21 1, layers 401 and 402 having respective thicknesses of 25 and 75 ⁇ m are suitable.
- a layer 401 will be used whose proton resistance is lower than the proton resistance of the layer 402.
- FIG 2 is a sectional view of an example of an electrolysis device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.
- the electrolysis device 1 comprises an electrochemical cell 2 and a power supply 3.
- the power supply 3 is identical to that of the previous embodiment and will not be detailed further.
- the electrochemical cell 2 comprises electrical supply plates 203 and 204, porous current collectors 205 and 206 and gaskets 201 and 202, components whose structure and configuration are identical to those described with reference to FIG. 1.
- the electrochemical cell 2 also comprises a membrane-electrode assembly 4.
- the membrane-electrode assembly 4 comprises a proton exchange membrane, as well as a cathode and an anode fixed on either side of this proton exchange membrane.
- the cathode 403 and the anode 404 are identical to those of the previous embodiment.
- the proton exchange membrane comprises a first layer 421 on which the cathode 403 is attached.
- the proton exchange membrane comprises a second layer 422.
- a first catalyst in the form of a catalytic layer 431 is disposed inside the proton exchange membrane, between the first layer 421 and the second layer 422.
- the membrane-electrode assembly 4 furthermore comprises a conductive junction 441 connecting the cathode 403 to the catalytic layer 431.
- the proton exchange membrane comprises a third layer 423 on which the anode 404 is attached.
- a second catalyst in the form of catalytic layer 432 is disposed inside the proton exchange membrane, between the second layer 422 and the third layer 423.
- the first catalytic layer 431 and the second catalytic layer 432 are thus separated by the third layer 423.
- the membrane-electrode assembly 4 furthermore comprises a conductive junction 442 connecting the anode 404 to the catalytic layer 432.
- the proton exchange membrane has the function of being traversed by protons from the anode 404 to the cathode 403, while blocking the electrons as well as the dioxygen and dihydrogen generated.
- the catalytic layer 431 has the function of oxidizing the dihydrogen passing through the membrane to form protons.
- the protons thus formed return to the cathode 403.
- the amount of hydrogen reaching the anode 404 is thus reduced.
- the catalytic layer 431 also has the function of collecting electrons generated by the oxidation of the dihydrogen diffusing through the proton exchange membrane.
- the catalytic layer 431 is conductive.
- the electrons collected by the catalytic layer 431 are conducted to the cathode 403 via the conductive junction 441. These electrons make it possible to carry out an additional reduction of protons at cathode 403. Thus, the efficiency of generating dihydrogen by electrolysis is increased while promoting a significant reduction in the diffusion of dihydrogen up to the anode 404.
- the catalytic layer 432 serves to conduct electrons from the anode 404.
- the catalytic layer 432 is conductive.
- the catalytic layer 432 also has the function of reducing the oxygen passing through the membrane to form water. This reduction reaction notably involves protons present in the proton exchange membrane and electrons generated by the oxidation of oxygen at the anode 404 and conducted to the catalytic layer 432 via the conductive junction 442.
- the catalytic layers 431 and 432 may have the same structure as the catalytic layer 410 of the previous embodiment. Manufacturing processes equivalent to those described for catalytic layer 410 may also be used for these catalytic layers 431 and 432.
- junctions 441 and 442 may have substantially the same structure as the junction 41 1 of the previous embodiment.
- the standard ESH potential (at 100 kPa and 298.15 K) of the H7H 2 pair is equal to 0V.
- the ESH standard potential of the pair 0 2 / H 2 0 is equal to 1.23V.
- the potential U1 of the layer 431 must therefore be greater than 0 to allow oxidation of the hydrogen.
- the potential U2 of the layer 432 must advantageously be less than 0.8 V (ESH) to guarantee an optimal reduction of the oxygen.
- the hydrogen permeation measured on the materials conventionally used as membrane corresponds to a current density j0 j n H2 maximum of 10 mA cm "2 (depending on the thickness and temperature conditions, pressure ).
- the of oxygen permeation is two times smaller and corresponds to c 0n dd O2- the same type of evaluation values of the resistances of junctions for the previous embodiment can be achieved.
- Rsa is defined as the resistance of the junction 441, Rsb the resistance of the junction 442, Ra the protonic resistance between the layer 410 and the cathode, Rb the protonic resistance between the layer 432 and the anode, Uan the anode potential and Ucat the cathode potential, Sa the cross section of the junction 441 and
- U1 must be greater than -Ucat (Ucat null or negative). This is verified if Rsa> Ra.
- the electrical resistance of the junction 441 is greater than the proton resistance of the membrane between the layer 421 and the cathode 403. With such values, it is avoided to create a short-circuit and limits the alteration of the potential inside the proton exchange membrane.
- the layers 421, 422 and 423 may be made of a material distributed under the trade reference Nafion 21 1.
- the presence of two junctions renders both sides independent since there is no direct recombination between the hydrogen and the oxygen on the central catalytic layer, unlike the previous embodiment.
- the invention has been described with reference to a device for the electrolysis of water. However, it can also be envisaged that such a device is configured to perform other types of electrolysis inducing gas generation which it is desirable to prevent diffusion through a proton exchange membrane.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1155351A FR2976592B1 (fr) | 2011-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | Assemblage membrane-electrodes pour dispositif d'electrolyse |
| PCT/EP2012/061118 WO2012171918A1 (fr) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-06-12 | Assemblage membrane-electrodes pour dispositif d'electrolyse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2721197A1 true EP2721197A1 (fr) | 2014-04-23 |
Family
ID=46420075
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12730830.2A Withdrawn EP2721197A1 (fr) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-06-12 | Assemblage membrane-electrodes pour dispositif d'electrolyse |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140116877A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2721197A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2014523965A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20140045979A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN103732799A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112013030951A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2976592B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012171918A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105714325B (zh) * | 2014-12-01 | 2018-01-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种具有透水板的静态供水固体聚合物电解质水电解装置 |
| GB201621963D0 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-02-08 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst-coated membrane having a laminate structure |
| JP2020513064A (ja) * | 2017-04-03 | 2020-04-30 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 水電解装置 |
| NO343985B1 (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-08-05 | Sintef Tto As | Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolyser cell, stack and system and a method for producing hydrogen in said PEM water electrolyser system |
| CN107604379B (zh) * | 2017-09-25 | 2024-11-08 | 典石科技(常州)有限公司 | 一种spe膜电极及其制备工艺 |
| US11329294B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2022-05-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Laminated electrolyte membrane, membrane electrode assembly, water electrolysis cell, stack, water electrolyzer, and hydrogen utilizing system |
| JP6952664B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2021-10-20 | 株式会社東芝 | 積層電解質膜、膜電極複合体、水電解用セル、スタック、水電解装置および水素利用システム |
| US11560632B2 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2023-01-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Membrane, membrane electrode assembly, and water electrolyzer including the same |
| KR102158604B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-02 | 2020-09-22 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 기체방지투과층을 포함하는 알칼라인 수전해 셀 및 그 제조방법 |
| JP2022514560A (ja) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-02-14 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 水電解装置 |
| US11018362B2 (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2021-05-25 | Lih-Ren Shiue | System for generating electricity using oxygen from water |
| CN110407375B (zh) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-04-12 | 西安理工大学 | 一种过滤膜同步催化过滤装置及其方法 |
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| EP2362005A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Cellule d'électrolyse de l'eau à haut différentiel de pression et procédé de fonctionnement |
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| JP2003059511A (ja) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電解質膜−電極接合体、その製造方法、および高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
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| GB0812017D0 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2008-08-06 | Itm Power Research Ltd | Composite electrochemical cell |
| US20120129079A1 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2012-05-24 | Hyet Holding B.V. | High differential pressure electrochemical cell comprising a specific membrane |
| CN101783406B (zh) * | 2009-12-23 | 2012-02-08 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | 阴极、包括该阴极的膜电极和阴极制备方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-06-17 FR FR1155351A patent/FR2976592B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-06-12 CN CN201280029845.2A patent/CN103732799A/zh active Pending
- 2012-06-12 WO PCT/EP2012/061118 patent/WO2012171918A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-12 US US14/126,555 patent/US20140116877A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-12 JP JP2014515159A patent/JP2014523965A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-12 EP EP12730830.2A patent/EP2721197A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-06-12 BR BR112013030951A patent/BR112013030951A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-06-12 KR KR1020147001235A patent/KR20140045979A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2362005A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Cellule d'électrolyse de l'eau à haut différentiel de pression et procédé de fonctionnement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012171918A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 |
| BR112013030951A2 (pt) | 2017-09-05 |
| FR2976592A1 (fr) | 2012-12-21 |
| US20140116877A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
| CN103732799A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
| JP2014523965A (ja) | 2014-09-18 |
| FR2976592B1 (fr) | 2013-07-19 |
| KR20140045979A (ko) | 2014-04-17 |
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