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EP2757247A1 - Buse d'injection pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Buse d'injection pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2757247A1
EP2757247A1 EP20130151831 EP13151831A EP2757247A1 EP 2757247 A1 EP2757247 A1 EP 2757247A1 EP 20130151831 EP20130151831 EP 20130151831 EP 13151831 A EP13151831 A EP 13151831A EP 2757247 A1 EP2757247 A1 EP 2757247A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection
chamber
injection nozzle
guide channel
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20130151831
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heribert Otto Dr. Geisser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EFI HIGHTECH AG
Original Assignee
EFI HIGHTECH AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EFI HIGHTECH AG filed Critical EFI HIGHTECH AG
Priority to EP20130151831 priority Critical patent/EP2757247A1/fr
Priority to US14/156,936 priority patent/US20140203109A1/en
Priority to CN201410022742.4A priority patent/CN103939251A/zh
Publication of EP2757247A1 publication Critical patent/EP2757247A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1886—Details of valve seats not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/1833—Discharge orifices having changing cross sections, e.g. being divergent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/1846—Dimensional characteristics of discharge orifices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection nozzle, in particular hole nozzle, for an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention also relates, in particular, to the injection-hole shape of such an injection nozzle.
  • Injectors are liquid, gas or powdered (powdered) substances, especially fuels, under (high) pressure from an injection pump or a pressure line system (common rail system) so in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, e.g. air-compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, inject that the combustion engine in each operating state as possible the best efficiency (ecological and economical) achieved.
  • an internal combustion engine e.g. air-compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, inject that the combustion engine in each operating state as possible the best efficiency (ecological and economical) achieved.
  • the mixture formation of the fuel in the combustion chamber and thus also the combustion process are decisively influenced by the internal shape of the injection holes of the injection nozzle.
  • Hole nozzles are designed as a single-hole and multi-hole nozzles.
  • One-hole nozzles have a spray hole, which is arranged in the direction of the nozzle axis or laterally thereof.
  • Multi-hole nozzles can, for example, have up to 14 injection holes, which are usually arranged symmetrically to each other.
  • One-hole and multi-hole nozzles are formed on one or more levels (spray hole geometry of the nozzle). Hole diameter or hole cross-section and hole length affect the shape and penetration depth of the spray jet and its spray pattern. The hole diameters are based on the design of the combustion chamber.
  • An embodiment of the inner contours of one or more injection ports of a fuel valve (nozzle) can significantly influence the injection process in the combustion chamber of compression-ignition internal combustion engines.
  • DE 39 34 587 C2 which describes a method for producing by means of laser beams, high-precision through-holes in workpieces, in particular in injection nozzles, with bottle neck-like spray holes.
  • the document EP 2 365 207 A1 describes an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine.
  • the injection nozzle comprises at least one injection hole with a substantially bottle neck-like inner contour.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved injection nozzle.
  • an injection nozzle in particular a hole nozzle for an internal combustion engine, comprises a body in which a nozzle needle is displaceable is guided; a pressure chamber communicating with an inlet bore and a passage with a spray chamber, the passage having a needle seat for cooperation with a needle tip of the nozzle needle; and at least one spray hole through which the spray chamber communicates with the outside of the body.
  • the at least one injection hole comprises a substantially bottle-like inner contour with at least one pre-chamber, which opens into the injection chamber with one end with an inlet opening; and a guide channel, which is connected to the other end of the at least one antechamber and communicates via an outlet opening with the outside (tip) of the body.
  • the at least one antechamber has at least in the inlet opening a diameter or cross section which is at least 50% larger than the diameter or cross section of the guide channel, wherein the at least one prechamber has at least one constriction with at least one constriction section.
  • a ratio of a length of the guide channel to a length of the pre-chamber is in a range of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.8.
  • the injection hole of the injection nozzle is provided with a substantially bottle-like inner contour.
  • Such a spray hole is also referred to as a bottleneck injection hole or "bottleneck spray hole”.
  • the coaxial and sequential arrangement of functional areas of the spray hole allows optimal adaptation to the requirements of an associated combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, e.g. in the fuel-air mixture formation.
  • the ratio of the length of the guide channel to the length of the prechamber in a range of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.8.
  • Another advantage is that over the prior art, a longer life of high-pressure pumps, pump elements, injectors, Nozzles and the entire injection system due to lower pressure stress results.
  • the inlet opening of the at least one pre-chamber is formed with rounded inlet edges, whereby less flow losses occur and the long-term behavior of the injection nozzle is improved.
  • the rounded inlet edges of the inlet opening can be formed with the same rounding radii, which can offer a manufacturing advantage.
  • the guide channel may be cylindrical, frusto-conical or formed in a combination of these forms, whereby the flow is further influenced.
  • a diameter or cross section of the at least one antechamber, at least in the region of the inlet opening, is at least 50% greater than a diameter or cross section of the guide channel.
  • this constriction section and the associated influenceable gradual and / or abrupt change in diameter or change in cross section the type of flow of the medium flowing through can be influenced.
  • a laminar or turbulent or transitional flow type can be adjusted.
  • the at least one pre-chamber extends in a circular cylindrical configuration up to the at least one constriction with the at least one constriction section.
  • the at least one pre-chamber may be frusto-conical in the direction of the guide channel.
  • the outlet opening of the guide channel can be formed sharp-edged, whereby the spray pattern of the exiting injection jet can be adjusted. It is advantageous if a formed by an outer surface of the body and an inner wall or the central axis of the guide channel exit angle of the outlet opening of the guide channel is preferably less than 90 °. In this case, the outlet angle of the outlet opening of the guide channel may be frusto-conical.
  • the at least one spray hole may comprise in its overall length a plurality of functional regions (A - E), which are arranged sequentially one behind the other and rotationally symmetrical on the same axis. Due to their division, these functional areas can each be configured individually individually so that the injection jet is optimally provided for the internal combustion engine to be assigned. This mechanical-hydraulic optimization of the functional areas can be superimposed with the aid of an electronic engine control unit (EECU) additional, optimal boundary conditions and parameter settings or states.
  • EECU electronic engine control unit
  • a first functional area (A) may comprise the inlet opening, a second functional area (B) the at least one antechamber, a third functional area (C) the at least one constriction, a fourth functional area (D) the guide channel and a fifth functional area (E) include the outlet opening.
  • the same functional areas are arranged several times in succession, such as two second functional areas with two prechambers and two constrictions. This can be done a graduated pressure build-up in the antechambers. It is also conceivable that, instead of a pressure build-up, an intermediate stage with pressure reduction, e.g. can be provided with an extension.
  • the bottleneck-shaped function package (AE) can be introduced in modulated drilling operations from outside to inside the injection hole of the injection nozzle become. Different processing methods are possible, such as lasers.
  • the bottle-neck-shaped function package (A-E) can also be combined in a structural unit and be pressed into a cylindrical injection hole. This can facilitate manufacturing processes, especially since the processing of the injection hole for creating the inner contour can be made at a different location.
  • the substantially bottle-like inner contour of the injection hole is furthermore dependent on at least the inner shape, the volume, the air circulation and the combustion pressure of an associated combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • a spray-hole mold which has a substantially bottle-shaped inner contour, of a spray hole of an injection nozzle can be realized according to the embodiments described above.
  • the injection nozzle according to the invention can be used both for use for the injection of fuels in powdered, liquid or gaseous form in the combustion chamber of combustion units, such as internal combustion engines, as well as for use for the atomization of powdery, liquid or gaseous media.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic partial sectional view of an injection nozzle 1 according to the invention as a hole nozzle in the closed position.
  • Fig. 2 shows this injector 1 in the open position.
  • a body 2 of the injection nozzle 1 is shown with a nozzle tip 3 (highlighted by a circle).
  • the body 2 has in the upper part of the injection nozzle 1 has a circular cross section in which in the longitudinal direction of the body 2, a nozzle needle 7 is longitudinally movable in a bore 7 '.
  • the bore 7 ' merges into a pressure chamber 5 formed in the body 2.
  • an inlet bore 4 in the body 2 is arranged.
  • the inlet bore 4 opens at its lower end into the pressure chamber 5, which narrows down to a passage 9.
  • the passage 9 has a conical needle seat 9 'and finally opens into a spray chamber 6, which is arranged in the nozzle tip 3 of the injection nozzle 1 with a rounded bottom.
  • the body 2 of the injection nozzle 1 is formed here as a nozzle tip 3 hemispherical and has a smaller wall thickness 3 'than above. Through this wall thickness 3 'of the nozzle tip 3 extend in this example, two injection holes 10, which open through an inner injection chamber wall 11 through an inlet opening 13 in the rounded bottom of the injection chamber 6 and through an outlet opening 18 in an outer surface 20 of the nozzle tip 3 ,
  • the nozzle needle 7 extends from the bore 7 'through the pressure chamber 5 into the passage 9 into the injection chamber 6.
  • the nozzle needle 7 tapers to a conical needle tip 8, which cooperates with the conical needle seat 9 'of the passage 9 as a tight valve seat.
  • the nozzle needle 7 is longitudinally adjustable by means of a drive, not shown, for example, mechanically, electromagnetically or by increasing pressure of fuel in the pressure chamber 5.
  • a drive for example, mechanically, electromagnetically or by increasing pressure of fuel in the pressure chamber 5.
  • the nozzle needle 7 is moved by this drive upwards.
  • This open position of the injection nozzle 1 is in Fig. 2 illustrated.
  • the conical needle tip 8 has the needle seat 9 'released.
  • Fuel which is under pressure in the pressure chamber 5 and also replenished under pressure through the inlet bore 4, now flows from the pressure chamber 5 through the passage 9 into the injection chamber 6 and from there through the injection holes 10 each as an injection jet 21 to the outside the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, not shown.
  • the respective injection jet 21 is influenced, inter alia, by the geometry of the respective injection hole 10 with regard to its spray pattern. Its speed, type of flow, pressure and pressure propagation continue to play a decisive role.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a spray hole of the injection nozzle 1 according to the invention.
  • the injection hole 10 in Fig. 3 Due to its shape it is also called a bottleneck injection hole or bottleneck spray hole.
  • Such injection holes 10 are formed in a variety of bodies 2 of injectors 1 in the nozzle tip 3 made of hardened special steels (eg DUALOY).
  • the nozzle needle 7 is made of a special steel or ceramic materials.
  • the injection hole 10 Starting from the inlet opening 13, which is introduced into the injection chamber wall 11 of the injection chamber 6, the injection hole 10 initially extends in an antechamber 14, for example in a circular cylindrical design, and then enters a constriction 15 with a constriction portion 16 as a bottle in a Bottom neck, a guide channel 17 via.
  • a diameter or cross section of the pre-chamber 14 is at least 50% larger than a diameter or cross section of the guide channel 17.
  • the end of the guide channel 17 opens into the outlet opening 18 in the outer surface 20 of the nozzle tip 3.
  • the injection hole 10 has substantially over the entire longitudinal section a rotationally symmetrical bottle shape.
  • the injection hole 10 has functional areas A to E, which are indicated in part by circles, reference numerals and horizontal lines and have different functions.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the inlet opening 13 of the injection nozzle 1 according to the invention Fig. 3 , Here an inlet edge 12 of the inlet opening 13 is rounded.
  • the hatched areas indicate contours of the injection chamber wall 11 in the injection chamber 6 in the region of the inlet opening 13. This is just one of several possible variants indicated.
  • a diameter or cross section of the pre-chamber 14 is at least in the region of the inlet opening 13 by at least 50% greater than a diameter or cross section of the guide channel 17th
  • the injection pressure can be significantly reduced with better environmental and economic effect, resulting in lower power consumption of the system and lower pressure stress of the components involved to a longer life of high pressure pumps, pump elements, injectors, nozzles and the entire injection system leads.
  • the functional area C of the constriction 15 with the funnel-shaped constriction section 16 is formed as a kind of control cam, which in Fig. 5 is indicated by contour variants with hatched areas. Two such possible contour variants are here indicated by a frustoconical design and a circular cylindrical design (without hatched area) of the antechamber 14. Depending on the design, this control curve influences the flow type of the fuel flowing through such that the flow type varies, for example, is laminar or turbulent. In this phase, the flow rate of the fuel or an injection medium increases significantly. The negative effect of lower system pressures is compensated by the design and operation of the funnel-shaped constriction section 16.
  • the bore of the guide channel 17 is provided at the outlet opening 18 with a sharp-edged jet tear-off edge 19, wherein an exit angle 22, by the Outside surface 20 and the outer wall of the nozzle tip 3 and the inner wall or the central axis of the guide channel 17 is formed, if possible, is less than 90 °.
  • injection holes 10 as bottleneck injection holes or bottleneck spray holes with respect to different diameters or cross sections, length of the individual functional areas, configuration of the funnel shape in the constriction section 16 and dimensional ratios of the individual functional areas to each other can be optimized, for example via a simulation model.
  • the flow conditions of different injection media can also be simulated.
  • the basis of calculation is the combustion chamber (in form and volume) provided by the designer of the internal combustion engine, the fuel (in composition, viscosity, density) and the weighting of the objective (more economy or more ecology).
  • a form optimization takes place in each case by iteration experiments.
  • the injection hole shape or inner contour of the injection hole 10 is aligned in each case correspondingly to the configuration of an associated combustion chamber.
  • the factors internal shape of the combustion chamber, volumes, air circulation and combustion pressure also play a decisive role for the design of the injection hole 10
  • the injection hole 10 may have more than one pre-chamber 14, wherein a plurality of second functional areas B are present. It is also possible for a plurality of narrowing sections 16 and thus a plurality of functional areas C to be possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP20130151831 2013-01-18 2013-01-18 Buse d'injection pour un moteur à combustion interne Withdrawn EP2757247A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20130151831 EP2757247A1 (fr) 2013-01-18 2013-01-18 Buse d'injection pour un moteur à combustion interne
US14/156,936 US20140203109A1 (en) 2013-01-18 2014-01-16 Injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine
CN201410022742.4A CN103939251A (zh) 2013-01-18 2014-01-17 用于内燃机的注射喷嘴

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20130151831 EP2757247A1 (fr) 2013-01-18 2013-01-18 Buse d'injection pour un moteur à combustion interne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2757247A1 true EP2757247A1 (fr) 2014-07-23

Family

ID=47563269

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20130151831 Withdrawn EP2757247A1 (fr) 2013-01-18 2013-01-18 Buse d'injection pour un moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20140203109A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2757247A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103939251A (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK179113B1 (en) 2015-04-29 2017-11-06 Hans Jensen Lubricators As Lubricant injector for large slow-running two-stroke engine and production method
US20170211480A1 (en) * 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 Delavan Inc Discrete jet orifices
DE112022001789T5 (de) * 2021-06-11 2024-03-07 Cummins Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Hartbearbeitung von Öffnungen in Kraftstoffsystemen und Motorkomponenten
CN115324715A (zh) * 2022-10-13 2022-11-11 潍柴动力股份有限公司 预燃室及加工方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2049045A (en) * 1979-05-18 1980-12-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine
DE19838771A1 (de) * 1998-08-26 2000-03-02 Man B & W Diesel Ag Einspritzdüse für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine
WO2009053031A1 (fr) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Prelatec Gmbh Dispositif de forage de trous en forme de bouteille à géométrie définie au moyen d'un faisceau laser pulsé
EP2365207A1 (fr) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-14 EFI Hightech AG Buse d'injection pour un moteur à combustion interne

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2557772A1 (de) * 1975-12-20 1977-06-23 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE2658783C2 (de) * 1976-12-24 1981-10-15 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8500 Nürnberg Luftverdichtende, direkt einspritzende Brennkraftmaschine
JP2819702B2 (ja) * 1989-12-12 1998-11-05 株式会社デンソー 燃料噴射弁
EP0809017A1 (fr) * 1996-05-22 1997-11-26 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft Injecteur de carburant à deux étages pour moteurs à combustion interne
JP3075201B2 (ja) * 1996-12-20 2000-08-14 株式会社デンソー 燃料噴射弁
US6644565B2 (en) * 1998-10-15 2003-11-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection nozzle for self-igniting internal combustion engines
DE19925380A1 (de) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-07 Volkswagen Ag Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
DE10105674A1 (de) * 2001-02-08 2002-08-29 Siemens Ag Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2049045A (en) * 1979-05-18 1980-12-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine
DE19838771A1 (de) * 1998-08-26 2000-03-02 Man B & W Diesel Ag Einspritzdüse für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine
WO2009053031A1 (fr) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Prelatec Gmbh Dispositif de forage de trous en forme de bouteille à géométrie définie au moyen d'un faisceau laser pulsé
EP2365207A1 (fr) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-14 EFI Hightech AG Buse d'injection pour un moteur à combustion interne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140203109A1 (en) 2014-07-24
CN103939251A (zh) 2014-07-23

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