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EP2638776B1 - Appareil électroménager et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage d'appareil électroménager - Google Patents

Appareil électroménager et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage d'appareil électroménager Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2638776B1
EP2638776B1 EP11775778.1A EP11775778A EP2638776B1 EP 2638776 B1 EP2638776 B1 EP 2638776B1 EP 11775778 A EP11775778 A EP 11775778A EP 2638776 B1 EP2638776 B1 EP 2638776B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oven
heating conductor
conductor layer
household appliance
graphene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11775778.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2638776A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank JÖRDENS
Jürgen Salomon
Philipp Schaller
Gerhard Schmidmayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP2638776A1 publication Critical patent/EP2638776A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2638776B1 publication Critical patent/EP2638776B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/04—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy with heat radiated directly from the heating element
    • F24C7/046—Ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a household appliance with a household appliance heater, the household appliance heater having at least one electrically conductive heating conductor layer applied to a carrier material of a carrier.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing such a domestic appliance heater.
  • heaters which have an electrically insulating carrier material and a thick-film heating conductor applied to it as a heating element. Furthermore, heating conductor pastes based on noble metals, in particular pastes containing Ag / Pd, are known.
  • WO 2008/055535 A1 discloses a heated covering system for floors, ceilings and walls.
  • the covering system comprises covering plates which are provided with coupling means on at least one longitudinal edge in order to be able to connect covering plates to one another, the covering plates being provided with electrical heating means and having electrical contact means in order to electrically connect plates to one another.
  • the electric surface heating can consist of an electrically conductive coating.
  • the electrical surface heating can be applied, for example, by means of spray painting, roller coating, knife coating, screen printing or inkjet coating, or a combination of these processes.
  • the electrically conductive coating can be formed from a fluid that can be dried out after application to the covering panels.
  • the electrically conductive fluid consists of graphite lacquer or carbon lacquer.
  • the fluid contains carbon or graphite particles in order to increase the electrical conductivity and / or to make the fluid electrically conductive.
  • the fluid contains nanoscale, electrically conductive particles or so-called “multiwalled carbon nano tubes”.
  • resistance heaters in the form of tubular heaters are mostly used, for example as a heater in an oven or in dishwashers to warm up caustic.
  • a heating device made of at least one thermally resilient molded body for heating rooms, aggregates and materials in solid, liquid and combined form made of glass, glass ceramics, ceramics, marble and other natural stones, synthetic polymers and metals with an electrically conductive structural layer that is geometrically constructed is and generates infrared heat radiation when current flows through it, the electrically conductive structure layer having a defined network of carbon fleece, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and nanoceramics, the structural characteristics of which are used depending on the application.
  • a baking oven is characterized in that the stone slab consists of stone, artificial stone, cement, concrete or a ceramic or refractory mass, which is provided with an electrically conductive heating layer that can be heated by an electric current and is based on graphite particles or carbon fibers or a mixture of carbon fibers and glass fibers, a carbon-glass fiber fleece, carbon fiber fabric, carbon-glass fiber fabric or carbon nanotubes or from a pure carbon fiber.
  • the oven has an improved baking quality of the baked goods, which is characterized by a much thicker crust of the baked goods. The baked goods stay fresh and crispy for longer. This is especially true for rolls or bread.
  • WO 2009/135148 A2 discloses an oven comprising a housing having a heating element having a heating layer, a support structure and a control system for controlling the operating temperature of the oven.
  • the heating layer is preferably a thermally sprayed layer.
  • the object is achieved by an oven with at least one domestic appliance heater, the domestic appliance heater having at least one electrically conductive heating conductor layer applied to a carrier material of a carrier.
  • the carrier is an oven muffle delimiting a treatment space of the household appliance, and the at least one heating conductor layer is arranged on an outside of the oven muffle.
  • the at least one heating conductor layer contains carbon nanotubes (CNT; "Carbon Nano Tubes”) and / or graphene.
  • the furnace muffle is coated on the outside with enamel and the heating conductor layer is applied to the enamel as the carrier material.
  • the inside of the furnace muffle is also lined with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the furnace is set up to operate the at least one heating conductor layer at a maximum temperature of no more than 350 ° C., in particular at a maximum temperature of no more than 330 ° C.
  • This household appliance has the advantage over household appliances with conventional tubular heating elements that it responds more quickly and is therefore better suited for temperature control.
  • This household appliance heater containing carbon nanotubes also has lower heat inhomogeneities, in particular no pronounced heat peaks.
  • the at least one heating conductor layer can be attached directly or in close proximity to conventional supports to be heated, the surfaces of which consist of these support materials. Adaptation is therefore negligible. This also enables particularly good heat transfer and a compact design.
  • These supports can include, for example, an oven or a muffle of an oven.
  • the housing can be, for example, an oven or a muffle of an oven.
  • the carrier material can in particular be ceramic or glass ceramic.
  • the fact that the household appliance is set up to operate the heat conductor layer at a maximum (operating) temperature of not more than 350 ° C., in particular at a maximum temperature of not more than 330 ° C., has the advantage that such a temperature is sufficient to operate an oven without the pyrolysis function, while at the same time a sufficient distance to the decomposition temperature of the polytetrafluoroethylene can be maintained.
  • additives to the polytetrafluoroethylene can be used that can no longer be used at temperatures of more than 350 ° C, e.g. many colors or metallic tinsel to create a metallic appearance.
  • the at least one heating conductor layer can, for example, be applied directly to the electrically insulating enamel.
  • the carbon nanotubes can comprise single-walled tubes (SWCNT), double-walled tubes (DWCNT) and / or multi-walled tubes (MWCNT).
  • the carbon nanotubes can comprise open and / or closed tubes.
  • the carbon nanotubes can be empty and / or filled. The carbon nanotubes and / or the graphene do not decompose during operation, even at high temperatures.
  • the heat conductor layer can have a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
  • the heat conductor layer can have a conductive layer that is covered by a protective layer and has carbon nanotubes.
  • the carrier can have at least one further material below the carrier material, for example a material of a base body, while the carrier material is a material of an outer layer of the carrier.
  • the household appliance can, for example, be a baking oven, the at least one household appliance heater being usable, for example, as a lower heating element and / or as an upper heating element.
  • At least one heat conductor layer can be arranged on the inside of a furnace muffle delimiting a furnace space.
  • the domestic appliance heater is arranged in particular (on the outside) on an underside and / or an upper side of the furnace muffle.
  • the domestic appliance heater is consequently an oven heater.
  • the oven in particular an oven, can for example be in the form of a single oven and / or an oven / microwave oven combination.
  • the outside of the oven muffle can be coated with enamel, so that the carrier material of the carrier is enamel.
  • the carrier material can consist of stainless steel.
  • the heat conductor layer has a maximum continuous use temperature of up to 350 ° C. As a result, typical cooking temperatures to be generated in a cooking appliance can be achieved reliably and permanently.
  • the at least one heating conductor layer has been applied to the carrier material as a paste containing carbon nanotubes and / or graphene.
  • the paste has a pasty consistency, especially during application, and is then hardened, e.g. by a burning process.
  • the paste is in particular a solid-liquid mixture (suspension) with a high solid content.
  • the paste is in particular no longer flowable, but rather spreadable.
  • the paste is a screen printing paste.
  • the paste can consequently be applied by means of a screen printing process, which enables precise, fine and inexpensive application.
  • the paste can also be applied by means of a roller coating or a doctor blade coating.
  • the paste can in particular have an electrically non-conductive base material or matrix material.
  • the at least one heating conductor layer is a vitreous base material with carbon nanotubes and / or graphene (particles) distributed therein. having.
  • a base material has the advantages of high temperature resistance, good cleanability and chemical resistance.
  • the carbon nanotubes and / or graphene particles are also protected against atmospheric oxygen, which is particularly effective in preventing their decomposition.
  • the base material can have other additives in addition to the carbon nanotubes and / or graphene particles.
  • graphite or carbon black can also be added.
  • the at least one heating conductor layer is contacted by means of at least one contact element made of a precious metal-containing, in particular silver-containing, paste.
  • at least one contact element made of a precious metal-containing, in particular silver-containing, paste.
  • the at least one heating conductor layer forms at least one flat heating element. It is a special development that the at least one heating conductor layer is at least partially, in particular essentially exclusively, rectangular, e.g. square. In this way a particularly large heating surface is achieved.
  • the heat conductor layer can in particular be electrically contacted on two opposite sides, in particular in each case over essentially the entire length of the sides. This enables current to be introduced over a large area.
  • the at least one heating conductor layer is present as at least one heating conductor track.
  • the heating conductor can run at least in sections in a meandering manner.
  • the heating conductor track can in particular be an elongated structure, in particular a track or band, the length of which is significantly greater than its width.
  • the heating conductor layer can in particular be present or have been applied using thick-film or thin-film technology.
  • the layer thickness may in particular not exceed 500 micrometers, in particular measure below 100 micrometers.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for producing a domestic appliance heater for an oven, having at least the following steps: (a) Application a coating material containing carbon nanotubes and / or graphene, in particular paste, in the form of at least one heating conductor layer on the enamel and (b) curing, in particular firing, the coating material.
  • a method for producing a domestic appliance heater for an oven having at least the following steps: (a) Application a coating material containing carbon nanotubes and / or graphene, in particular paste, in the form of at least one heating conductor layer on the enamel and (b) curing, in particular firing, the coating material.
  • This step can be carried out at least partially after step (a) for applying the coating material containing at least one carbon nanotube and / or graphite particles.
  • the coating material is applied using a screen printing process.
  • the coating material is advantageously a dedicated screen printing paste.
  • the screen printing process enables precise and inexpensive application.
  • the object is further achieved by a method for operating at least one furnace heater of a furnace as described above with a furnace muffle, which is at least partially lined on its inside with polytetrafluoroethylene, the furnace heater in continuous operation at no more than 350 ° C, in particular not more than 330 ° C, is heated.
  • the methods can, for example, continue to be designed analogously to the devices.
  • Fig.1 shows a household appliance heater 1 of a first embodiment, which is applied to a carrier 2 on an electrically insulating carrier material 2 in the form of enamel.
  • the household appliance heater 1 has an electrically conductive heating conductor layer in the form of a heating conductor 3, which is applied essentially in a meandering manner to the carrier material 2.
  • the heating conductor 3 has two ends which are spaced apart from one another and which are terminated by means of a respective electrically conductive contact element in the form of a contact field 4.
  • An electrical voltage can be applied to the heating conductor 3 via the contact fields 4, as a result of which it can be heated in a defined manner due to its ohmic resistance.
  • the electrically insulating carrier material 2 prevents a short circuit.
  • the heating conductor 3 has been applied to the carrier 2 as a paste in layer form.
  • the paste has a base material (matrix material) with carbon nanotubes and / or graphene particles distributed therein.
  • a thickness of the paste and thus at least approximately also of the heating conductor 3 is preferably not more than 500 micrometers, especially not more than 100 micrometers, in particular after curing.
  • the base material can in particular be an electrically insulating base material, especially a glass-like base material. After hardening, the glass-like base material is particularly resistant to chemical and mechanical stress.
  • the contact fields 4 can also have been applied as a paste or as a fluid, as a result of which they can be processed particularly well with the heating conductor 3.
  • the contact fields 4 have in particular Ag or Ag / Pd.
  • the heating conductor 3 can have a comparatively very high electrical conductivity.
  • the heating conductor 3 can consequently be designed to be particularly small (for example particularly thin). This reduces thermal inertia, and the household appliance heater 1 can respond particularly quickly to temperature regulation.
  • Fig. 2 shows a household appliance heater 13 according to a second embodiment in a view from above.
  • the household appliance heater 13 here has two elongated conductor tracks 14 as electrical contact elements, between which a flat, rectangular heating conductor layer 15 is located in sections as a heating element.
  • the conductor tracks 14 can have, for example, silver or a silver alloy, and alternatively also have, for example, a conductive carbon modification.
  • the heat conductor layer 15, like the heat conductor track 3, has carbon nanotubes and / or graphene particles, in particular in a glass-like matrix.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for producing a household appliance heater, explained purely by way of example with reference to the household appliance heater 1 from FIG Fig.1 .
  • the heating conductor 3 (general: heating conductor layer) is printed onto the carrier 2 by means of a screen printing paste containing carbon nanotubes and / or graphene particles and thereby made electrically conductive.
  • the contact fields 4 are also printed on by means of a screen printing process as a paste containing noble metal, in particular containing silver.
  • the printing can take place on the carrier 2 and / or on the heating conductor 3.
  • the contact fields 4 or a part thereof can be printed on before the heating conductor 3 is printed on.
  • the heating conductor 3 and the contact fields 4 are cured together.
  • the curing can be carried out, for example, at low temperatures or by firing at higher temperatures.
  • the first step S1 can include multi-stage printing, e.g. first a conductive layer or conductive layer containing the carbon nanotubes and / or graphene particles, followed by a covering application of a protective layer or protective layer.
  • Fig. 4 shows, in a sectional view from the front on a vertical sectional plane, a household appliance in the form of an oven 5, which has a housing for treating food in the form of an oven 6 or oven muffle.
  • the oven also represents a support for the household appliance heater 1 shown here purely as an example.
  • the oven 6 as the carrier has a base body 7 made of sheet metal, which is coated on its outside with enamel 8 as the carrier material and on its inside with polytetrafluoroethylene 9.
  • the enamel 8 thus forms the outside of the oven 6, while the polytetrafluoroethylene 9 forms the inside.
  • a domestic appliance heater 1 is provided on a lower side 10 and on an upper side 11 of the oven 6.
  • the household appliance heaters 1 form a lower heating element or an upper heating element.
  • the heating conductor tracks 3 lie directly on the electrically insulating enamel 8. Since the heat transfer to the oven 6 is very good, the heat losses are low.
  • the heating conductor tracks 3 are operated at no more than 330 ° C., controlled by a control device 12. This, together with the low temperature inhomogeneities, prevents decomposition of the polytetrafluoroethylene 9. Furthermore, foreign particles are prevented from burning into the polytetrafluoroethylene 9.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene 9 has metallic tinsel.
  • the shape of the heat conductor layer can be designed differently, e.g. not in the form of a web or band.
  • the heating conductor tracks 3 can also be laid in a way other than meandering, e.g. in a stepped manner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Four (5) comprenant au moins un chauffage (1 ; 13) d'appareil ménager, dans lequel
    - le chauffage (1 ; 13) d'appareil ménager comprend au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant (3 ; 15) électroconducteur appliquée sur une matière de support d'un support (2 ; 16),
    - le support (2 ; 16) est un moufle de four (6) délimitant un espace de traitement de l'appareil ménager (5) et l'au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant (3) est disposée sur un côté extérieur (10, 11) du moufle de four (6).
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant (3 ; 15) contient des nanotubes de carbone et/ou du graphène,
    - le moufle de four (6) est recouvert d'émail sur le côté extérieur (10, 11),
    - la couche de conducteur chauffant (3 ; 15) est appliquée sur l'émail en tant que matière de support,
    - le moufle de four (6) est revêtu de polytétrafluoroéthylène (9) sur son côté intérieur (10, 11), et
    - le four (5) est conçu pour faire fonctionner l'au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant (3 ; 15) à une température maximale ne dépassant pas 350°C, notamment à une température maximale ne dépassant pas 330°C.
  2. Four (5) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'en outre au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant est disposée sur le côté intérieur (10, 11) du moufle de four (6).
  3. Four (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage (1) d'appareil ménager est disposé sur un côté inférieur (10) et/ou sur un côté supérieur (11) du moufle de four (6).
  4. Four (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant (3 ; 15) contient du graphène.
  5. Four (5) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant (3 ; 15) comprend une matière de base similaire au verre avec du graphène qui est réparti dedans.
  6. Four (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant (15) est formée de manière rectangulaire et est électriquement mise en contact sur toute sa longueur à deux côtés opposés.
  7. Four (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche de conducteur chauffant (3) est présente en tant qu'au moins une bande de conducteur chauffant qui s'étend en forme de méandres au moins par sections.
  8. Procédé de fabrication d'un chauffage (1 ; 13) d'appareil ménager d'un four (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant au moins les étapes suivantes :
    - application d'une matière de revêtement contenant des nanotubes de carbone et/ou du graphène, notamment de la pâte, sous forme au moins d'une couche de conducteur chauffant (3 ; 15) sur l'émail (8),
    - et
    - durcissement de la matière de revêtement.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'étape de durcissement, une étape :
    - application locale au moins d'une matière de revêtement contenant du métal, notamment un métal précieux, notamment de la pâte, sur la matière de revêtement contenant les nanotubes de carbone et/ou le graphène
    est réalisée.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que l'application de la matière de revêtement est réalisée au moyen d'un procédé de sérigraphie.
EP11775778.1A 2010-11-08 2011-10-26 Appareil électroménager et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage d'appareil électroménager Active EP2638776B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010043534A DE102010043534A1 (de) 2010-11-08 2010-11-08 Haushaltsgerät und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Haushaltsgeräteheizung
PCT/EP2011/068703 WO2012062572A1 (fr) 2010-11-08 2011-10-26 Appareil électroménager et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage d'appareil électroménager

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2638776A1 EP2638776A1 (fr) 2013-09-18
EP2638776B1 true EP2638776B1 (fr) 2021-01-27

Family

ID=44863033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11775778.1A Active EP2638776B1 (fr) 2010-11-08 2011-10-26 Appareil électroménager et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage d'appareil électroménager

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2638776B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010043534A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012062572A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012223461A1 (de) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-18 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Bauteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
DE102014201639A1 (de) 2014-01-30 2015-07-30 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Backrohr
EP3040013A1 (fr) * 2014-12-31 2016-07-06 Indesit Company S.p.A. Procédé de chauffage pour appareils ménager et machine à laver associée
WO2017178841A1 (fr) * 2016-04-15 2017-10-19 Fgv Cambridge Nanosystems Limited Éléments de chauffage, échangeurs de chaleur et ensembles d'éléments de chauffage
CN109413773A (zh) * 2017-08-18 2019-03-01 王敏 一种石墨烯电热膜(电热板)电热取暖炕板的制作方法
IT201700109605A1 (it) 2017-09-29 2019-03-29 Verniciature Bresciane S R L Piano cottura con rivestimento riscaldante
CN112996153A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2021-06-18 上海烯有新材料有限公司 一种石墨烯加热板及其制备方法和应用
US11696370B2 (en) 2020-04-22 2023-07-04 Whirlpool Corporation Household appliance with immersible heater

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US3450025A (en) * 1966-04-04 1969-06-17 Gen Electric Oven having one heat source for providing both baking and under-fired broiling
KR100749886B1 (ko) * 2006-02-03 2007-08-21 (주) 나노텍 탄소나노튜브를 이용한 발열체
US8835809B2 (en) 2006-11-10 2014-09-16 Kronoplus Technical Ag Heatable covering system
DE102007043807A1 (de) * 2007-09-13 2009-03-19 Schürmann, Heinrich Backofen mit Steinplatten und Infrarotheizung
US20100122980A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2010-05-20 Tsinghua University Carbon nanotube heater
DE202009000136U1 (de) * 2008-07-29 2009-05-20 Beier, Gerhard M., Dipl.-Ing. Infrarot-CNT-Heizeinrichtung

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009135148A2 (fr) * 2008-05-01 2009-11-05 Thermoceramix Inc. Appareils de cuisson utilisant des revêtements de résistance

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WO2012062572A1 (fr) 2012-05-18
DE102010043534A1 (de) 2012-05-10
EP2638776A1 (fr) 2013-09-18

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