EP2681329A1 - Method for producing a test element for studying a body fluid sample, and test element - Google Patents
Method for producing a test element for studying a body fluid sample, and test elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP2681329A1 EP2681329A1 EP12704693.6A EP12704693A EP2681329A1 EP 2681329 A1 EP2681329 A1 EP 2681329A1 EP 12704693 A EP12704693 A EP 12704693A EP 2681329 A1 EP2681329 A1 EP 2681329A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- spreading layer
- detection
- spreading
- test element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCLDHCIEAUJSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(6-sulfonaphthalen-2-yl)oxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4C=C3)S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 RCLDHCIEAUJSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003722 extracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
- G01N33/525—Multi-layer analytical elements
Definitions
- test element for examining a body fluid sample and test element
- test elements comprise a support, usually of plastic or paper, which carries a detection layer with detection reagents which, upon contact with an analyte, for example glucose or lactate, cause a detection reaction.
- an analyte for example glucose or lactate
- detection reactions for the photometric determination of an analyte concentration
- the largest possible distribution of the liquid sample on or in the detection layer is advantageous.
- a spreading layer is applied to the detection layer in order to spread an applied liquid drop.
- the spreading layer must have a hydrophilic surface.
- the spreading layer must have a high liquid permeability, that is to be porous, so that a body fluid sample can easily reach the detection layer located below the spreading layer.
- a disadvantage of spreading layers of fiber materials is that a high production cost is necessary to avoid significant fluctuations in the spreading behavior. These disadvantages can be largely avoided by laminating a porous plastic membrane on the detection layer as the spreading layer.
- the object of the present invention is to show a way in which the production of test elements can be further improved. This object is achieved by a method having the features specified in claim 1 and by a test element according to claim 12. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
- the spreading layer is sprayed onto the detection layer.
- the detection layer containing the detection reagents is much less mechanically stressed than in the conventional lamination of a plastic membrane or sticking of fiber material.
- a sprayed spreading layer has a very good adhesion to the underlying detection layer.
- a test element according to the invention therefore has an increased bond strength. While spreading layers in the form of laminated plastic membranes or fiber materials tend to detach from the detection layer at least in some areas, improved adhesion can be achieved by spraying and thus considerably simplify production.
- a sprayed spreading layer may be, for example, membrane-like or fleece-like By spraying can be produced with little effort plastic layers with very low manufacturing tolerances.
- Spreading layers produced by spraying according to the invention therefore have the advantage of a more homogeneous structure compared with spreading layers made of fibrous material. Compared to laminated plastic membranes, sprayed spreading layers also have the advantage of a consistently better quality. When laminating plastic membranes, there is always a greater or lesser risk of damage to the membranes. The risk of damage from stretching, cracking and the like is greater, the thinner the plastic membrane.
- Spreading layers produced by spraying according to the invention can be produced in a substantially smaller thickness than conventional spreading layers. Because of its structure, fiber material can only be produced in relatively thick layers. The lamination of plastic membranes becomes increasingly problematic at layer thicknesses of less than 100 pm and reaches its limits at layer thicknesses of 50 ⁇ m. Thinner plastic membranes are inevitably damaged during lamination.
- by spraying it is also possible to produce plastic layers as spreading layers which have a layer thickness of less than 20 ⁇ m, for example less than 12 ⁇ m, in particular less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the spreading layer may, for example, have a thickness of 1 to 12 ⁇ m, in particular have a thickness of 1 to 10 ⁇ m or else have a thickness of 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- Thinner spreading layers have the advantage that a body fluid sample can more quickly reach the underlying detection layer.
- thinner spreading layers a larger proportion of a sample is available for the actual detection reaction, since a thinner spreading layer absorbs a smaller proportion of a sample than a thicker spreading layer.
- a thin spreading layer and good adhesion to the detection layer makes it easier to form test elements as a tape carrying multiple test fields and, for example, wound into a roll.
- Test elements produced according to the invention can then be coated with a thinner roller be wound diameter.
- Test elements formed as tape cassettes can then either be made more compact or enable a larger number of sample investigations.
- the properties of the sprayed layer can be optimized by adjusting spray parameters such as humidity, temperature, spray distance and spray rate. While trying on laminated plastic membranes with other properties always causes considerable expense, spray parameters can be varied with negligible effort.
- the properties of a spreading layer can be optimized for a given application, ie a desired detection reaction and the type and amount of body fluid sample become.
- An advantageous development of the invention provides that the molecules which form the polymer spreading layer are sprayed together with a liquid which is subsequently, i. after or during spraying, evaporates. So to speak, a liquid is used as a carrier for the molecules, which then form the spreading layer. In this way, the spraying can be much easier.
- the molecules from which the spreading layer is formed can form an emulsion together with the liquid with which they are sprayed.
- the spreading layer is prepared by spraying a solution. Monomers or polymers which form the spreading layer are thus dissolved in the spraying process in a liquid which evaporates after spraying.
- the liquid with which the molecules forming the spreading layer are sprayed together is an organic liquid.
- organic liquid particularly preference is given to polar organic solvents, in particular aliphatic polar organic solvents, for example aliphatic alcohols, ketones and ethers or mixtures thereof.
- polar organic solvents in particular aliphatic polar organic solvents, for example aliphatic alcohols, ketones and ethers or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable liquids are, for example, methanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran.
- organic liquids are readily allowed to evaporate and dissolve a variety of polymers well suited for the spreading layer, such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol or cellulose including modified cellulose such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate.
- polymers well suited for the spreading layer such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol or cellulose including modified cellulose such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate.
- organic solvents such as alcohol
- body fluid samples are aqueous liquids
- the detection layers of test elements typically contain detection reagents which are water-soluble or at least sensitive to the presence of water.
- Organic liquids such as alcohol are unproblematic.
- a further advantageous development of the invention provides that a pneumatic nozzle is used for spraying. Pneumatic nozzles atomize liquids by means of a pressurized gas.
- Pneumatic nozzles thus eject a mixture of the atomized liquid and a pressurized gas.
- Pneumatic nozzles are therefore often referred to as two-fluid nozzles.
- Pneumatic nozzles allow a very fine atomization of liquids and very uniform spraying.
- a gas for example, compressed air or nitrogen can be used.
- a layer sprayed on to form a spreading layer can be processed in further production steps.
- a hydrophilic substance can be incorporated into the layer, for example a surfactant, in order to further improve the spreading behavior. This hydrophilic substance can already be present in the sprayed-on solution or suspension and be sprayed with the layer. This achieves a very homogeneous distribution in the layer.
- the present invention furthermore relates to a test element, in particular for the photometric examination of a body fluid sample, comprising a support, a detection layer containing detection reagents and a polymer spreading layer covering the detection layer, having a thickness of at most 20 ⁇ m, preferably not more than 12 ⁇ m, in particular not more than 10 pm, for example 1 pm to 12 pm, in particular 1 pm to 10 pm or 5 pm to 10 pm.
- a test element in particular for the photometric examination of a body fluid sample, comprising a support, a detection layer containing detection reagents and a polymer spreading layer covering the detection layer, having a thickness of at most 20 ⁇ m, preferably not more than 12 ⁇ m, in particular not more than 10 pm, for example 1 pm to 12 pm, in particular 1 pm to 10 pm or 5 pm to 10 pm.
- the spreading layer can be used to separate sample components, for example, blood cells.
- the spreading layer should have a nominal pore diameter of less than 8 pm, more preferably not more than 5 pm.
- pore diameters of less than 20 ⁇ m are advantageous. Therefore, nominal pore diameters are preferably not more than 20 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- the nominal pore diameter of a membrane is measured with a bubble point measurement. Bubble point measurements are sometimes referred to as bubble pressure tests.
- the spreading layer preferably has a pore size which increases towards the detection layer.
- An asymmetric spreading layer can be produced by changing the spraying parameters during spraying. By spraying it is very advantageous to produce very small, discrete structures. This can be used, for example, to provide test elements on a lancet. For this purpose, for example, in a first step, a detection layer applied to a lancet, for example, be sprayed. In a further step, a spreading layer can then be sprayed onto the detection layer.
- test elements By using micro-nozzles and / or masks so tiny test elements can be integrated into a lancet, which can not be produced by lamination or only with great effort.
- the support of the test element in this case may be the lancet body, which is made of metal, for example.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of Figure 1;
- Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a test element.
- the test element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 serves for the photometric examination of a body fluid sample, for example blood and / or interstitial fluid.
- a body fluid sample for example blood and / or interstitial fluid.
- concentration of glucose, lactate or other medically important analytes can be determined.
- the test element 1 contains a so-called test field 2.
- the test field has a detection layer 3 which contains detection reagents and is not shown to scale in FIG.
- the detection reagents Upon contact with the analytes, the detection reagents cause a detection reaction that results in a color change.
- the intensity of the color change depends on the analyte concentration. on, so that the analyte concentration can be determined by a photometric evaluation of the color change.
- the detection layer 3 is covered by a polymeric spreading layer 4.
- the spreading layer 4 is a layer that spreads an applied body fluid sample. Liquid to be examined then passes through the spreading layer 4 to the detection layer 3.
- the detection layer 3 is arranged on a support 5.
- the carrier 5 is a transparent plastic film.
- This carrier 5 may be arranged on a second carrier 6, for example a strip of plastic or paper.
- the second carrier 6 has a recess 7, which is covered by the carrier 5 of the detection layer 3. In this way, a photometric measurement can take place through the recess of the second carrier 6 and the transparent first carrier 5.
- the spreading layer 4 then advantageously has no influence on the measurement.
- the spreading layer of the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is produced by spraying a liquid, for example by means of a pneumatic nozzle, onto the detection layer 3.
- polymers are sprayed onto the detection layer 3 to form the spreading layer.
- the polymers then form a porous spreading layer 4. It is also possible to spray monomers or a mixture of monomers and polymers onto the detection layer 3 and then to polymerize these on the detection layer 3. Even polymers can be crosslinked after spraying and further polymerized, but this is not required.
- Monomers or polymers for forming the spreading layer 4 can be sprayed onto the detection layer 3 as an emulsion. In the emulsion droplets or when hitting the detection layer 3, a phase inversion takes place. The monomers or polymers contained in the emulsion can then form the spreading layer 4, for example as a membrane or fleece, and crosslink. Before- To form the spreading layer, a solution is sprayed, in particular a polymer solution.
- This liquid may be an organic liquid, for example an alcohol.
- aqueous liquids may also be used, but the detection layer 4 may be affected by aqueous liquids. For this reason, organic liquids are preferred.
- the spreading layer 4 may consist, for example, of cellulose, modified cellulose, in particular hydroxypropylcellulose, cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyolefin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyesters, polyethers, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl esters, polyvinylalcohols. koholoxan or a mixture containing one or more of these polymers are prepared. Also possible are substituted polymers of these classes, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, and polymer blends, so that copolymers are formed on spraying.
- the spreading layer 4 can advantageously be sprayed directly onto the detection layer 3. This means that the spreading layer 4 contacts the detection layer 3, that is, it rests against it.
- the spreading layer 4 of the illustrated embodiment has a thickness of 5 to 10 pm.
- the small distance between the surface of the spreading layer 4 and the detection layer 3 has the advantage that a body fluid sample applied to the spreading layer 4 can reach the detection layer 3 very quickly.
- the breakthrough time, ie the time until liquid applied to the spreading layer 4 reaches the detection layer 3, is less than one tenth of a second in the illustrated embodiment.
- the low thickness of the spreading layer 4 also has the advantage that only very little liquid remains in the spreading layer 4 and thus a very large proportion of the sample quantity is available for the detection reaction in the detection layer 3.
- a hydrophilic substance may be incorporated, for example a surfactant or another surface-active substance.
- the hydrophilic substance can already be sprayed on together with the spreading layer or introduced into the spreading layer 4 in a downstream production step.
- the spreading layer may advantageously have a nominal pore diameter of less than 5 ⁇ m, preferably not more than 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably not more than 1 ⁇ m. In the illustrated embodiment, the nominal pore diameter is 0.5 pm. In this way, the spreading layer 4 can be used for filtering sample components which disturb the detection reaction or its evaluation, for example blood cells.
- the porosity of the spreading layer 4 is preferably asymmetric, which means that the pore size decreases towards the detection layer 3.
- spreading layers 4 can be produced with a very good spreading behavior, for example, when more than twice as large a surface is wetted with the application of 0.5 ⁇ l of blood, as on a hydrophobic surface.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 The test element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed as a test strip.
- FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a test element for the photometric examination of a body fluid sample, which differs substantially from the embodiment described above only in that the carrier 5 is a band which is arranged rolled up in a roll cassette 10.
- the carrier 5 is a band which is arranged rolled up in a roll cassette 10.
- Such a tape cassette 10 makes it possible to examine a very large number of body fluid samples.
- the good adhesion of a sprayed spreading layer and its small thickness are particularly advantageous for such tape cassettes, since the rolling up of the carrier tape is facilitated.
- the carrier 5 embodied as a strip has a plurality of test fields 11, which each have a detection layer and a spreading layer covering the detection layer, that is to say that they can be constructed according to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS.
- the tape cassette 10 has a housing 12 in which a supply roll 13 is arranged, on which the carrier 5 formed as a belt is unwound with unused test fields 1 1. Second hand Test fields are wound onto a drive roller 14 with the carrier 5. By winding the drive roller at the same time the supply roll is unwound, so that the test fields 1 1 can be brought to use successively to a housing opening.
- the tape cassette 10 may include a chamber for the supply roll 13.
- the drive roller 14 is preferably arranged outside the chamber of the supply roll 13. In this way, the supply roll 13 is protected with the sensitive detection reagents of the unused test fields 1 1 from harmful environmental influences and in particular from moisture in used test fields.
- On the way from the supply roll 13 to the drive roller 14 of the carrier formed as a band 5 can be guided by tape guide elements 15, which dictate the tape transport path.
- Efficient spreading layers could be obtained, for example, in the following way:
- An aliphatic polyurethane for example Bionate 80A UR from DSM Biomedical Materials, Geleen, NL, was dissolved in an organic solvent (eg aliphatic ether, such as tetrahydrofuran from Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D) in a concentration between 3-6%. (m / m).
- organic solvent eg aliphatic ether, such as tetrahydrofuran from Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D
- a surfactant eg Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, another name poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) -monododecanoic sorbityl ester, available from Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D) or DONS (dioctylsulfosuccinate Sodium salt, other name bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt, preferably from Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D), added in an amount corresponding to about 3-5% (m / m) of the polymer content ,
- the solution was sprayed through a pneumatic jet nozzle at a spray pressure between 2-4 bar.
- the consumption of polymer solution during spraying was approx. 2 mL / min.
- the test element with the detection layer to be coated was at a distance of 5 cm to 15 cm, z. B. about 10 cm, arranged below the spray nozzle.
- the process was carried out at room temperature in a common fume hood (without temperature and humidity control).
- the sprayed polymer Layer dried within a few seconds to a firmly adhering to the detection film film.
- the spraying was carried out optionally with a static or moving test element.
- the test element was fixed on a cylinder and the cylinder was rotated under the spray nozzle (e.g., at 100-120 rpm). Both the static and the applied spreading layers showed an efficient spreading effect.
- the layer thickness of the sprayed spreading layer could be varied simply by selecting the spraying time. At a spray time of 2 s, spreading layers with a layer thickness in the range of 2-5 ⁇ m were formed. At a spray time of 10 s, the layer thickness of the spreading layer was in the range of 8-10 ⁇ m. By correspondingly longer spraying times, the layer thickness could be adjusted to values of e.g. 20 pm, 40 pm or 100 pm.
- the efficiency of the spreading layer was checked by spotting different blood volumes in the range of 0.05 ⁇ l-2.0 ⁇ onto the uncoated detection layer or onto the detection layer coated with the spreading layer.
- the blood drop of 0.5 ⁇ had a diameter of approximately 1.5 mm, without passing on the hydrophobic surface. It remained a dome-shaped supernatant with a contact angle of about 40 °.
- the blood drop of 0.5 ⁇ l had a diameter of approximately 2.8 mm to 3.1 mm and was completely run, ie no blood supernatant was more visible (contact angle 0 °).
- the sprayed-on spreading layer approximately quadruples the area of the detection layer wetted by the blood.
- the very efficient improvement of the spreading behavior was found independently of the layer thickness of the spreading layer, ie both for thin spreading layers (in the range of 2-5 pm) and for thicker spreading layers (in the range of 20-40 pm). Also, an efficient improvement in spreading behavior by the sprayed spreading layer independent of blood volume was noted for blood volumes in the relevant range of 0.05-2
- the layer thickness was determined by optical digital microscopy (incident light) in each case of a cross section of the coated test elements. The measuring instrument used was a Keyence VHX-1000 microscope.
- the efficiency of the spreading layer was determined, namely by optical digital microscopy in the reflected light of the wetted area of a test element after applying a blood sample.
- Contact angles were determined using a contact angle measuring device Krüss DAS 100 from Krüss GmbH, Hamburg.
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Abstract
Description
Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Testelements zur Untersuchung einer Körperflüssigkeitsprobe und Testelement A method of making a test element for examining a body fluid sample and test element
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Testelements zur Untersuchung einer Körperflüssigkeitsprobe mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen, wie es aus der US 2005/0186109 A1 bekannt ist. Herkömmliche Testelemente weisen einen Träger, üblicher Weise aus Kunststoff oder Papier, auf, der eine Nachweisschicht mit Nachweisreagenzien trägt, die bei Kontakt mit einem Analyten, beispielsweise Glucose oder Laktat, eine Nachweisreaktion bewirken. Insbesondere bei Nachweisreaktionen zur photometrischen Bestimmung einer Analytkonzentration ist eine möglichst großflächige Verteilung der Flüs- sigkeitsprobe auf bzw. in der Nachweisschicht vorteilhaft. Üblicher Weise wird deshalb auf die Nachweisschicht eine Spreitschicht aufgebracht, um einen aufgebrachten Flüssigkeitstropfen zu spreiten. Für ein gutes Spreitverhalten wässriger Körperflüssigkeitsproben wie Blut muss die Spreitschicht eine hydrophile Oberfläche haben. Zudem muss die Spreitschicht eine hohe Flüssigkeitsdurchlässigkeit haben, also porös sein, damit eine Körperflüssigkeitsprobe die unter der Spreitschicht liegende Nachweisschicht gut erreichen kann. The invention is based on a method for producing a test element for examining a body fluid sample having the features specified in the preamble of claim 1, as known from US 2005/0186109 A1. Conventional test elements comprise a support, usually of plastic or paper, which carries a detection layer with detection reagents which, upon contact with an analyte, for example glucose or lactate, cause a detection reaction. In particular in the case of detection reactions for the photometric determination of an analyte concentration, the largest possible distribution of the liquid sample on or in the detection layer is advantageous. Usually, therefore, a spreading layer is applied to the detection layer in order to spread an applied liquid drop. For a good spreading behavior of aqueous body fluid samples such as blood, the spreading layer must have a hydrophilic surface. In addition, the spreading layer must have a high liquid permeability, that is to be porous, so that a body fluid sample can easily reach the detection layer located below the spreading layer.
Sehr gute Eigenschaften in dieser Hinsicht haben Spreitschichten aus Fasermaterial. Ein Nachteil von Spreitschichten aus Fasermaterialien ist allerdings, dass ein hoher Fertigungsaufwand notwendig ist, um erhebliche Schwankungen im Spreitverhalten zu vermeiden. Diese Nachteile lassen sich weitgehend vermeiden, indem als Spreit- Schicht eine poröse Kunststoffmembran auf die Nachweisschicht auflaminiert wird. Very good properties in this regard have spreading layers of fiber material. A disadvantage of spreading layers of fiber materials, however, is that a high production cost is necessary to avoid significant fluctuations in the spreading behavior. These disadvantages can be largely avoided by laminating a porous plastic membrane on the detection layer as the spreading layer.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Weg aufzuzeigen, wie sich die Herstellung von Testelementen weiter verbessern lässt. Diese Aufgabe wir durch ein Verfahren mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen sowie durch ein Testelement gemäß Anspruch 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen. The object of the present invention is to show a way in which the production of test elements can be further improved. This object is achieved by a method having the features specified in claim 1 and by a test element according to claim 12. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Spreitschicht auf die Nachweis- Schicht aufgesprüht. Diese Maßnahme hat eine Reihe von Vorteilen: In a method according to the invention, the spreading layer is sprayed onto the detection layer. This measure has a number of advantages:
Durch das Aufsprühen einer Membran als Spreitschicht wird die Nachweisreagenzien enthaltende Nachweisschicht wesentlich weniger mechanisch belastet als beim herkömmlichen Auflaminieren einer Kunststoffmembran oder dem Aufkleben von Fasermaterial. By spraying a membrane as a spreading layer, the detection layer containing the detection reagents is much less mechanically stressed than in the conventional lamination of a plastic membrane or sticking of fiber material.
Eine aufgesprühte Spreitschicht hat eine sehr gute Haftung zu der darunter liegenden Nachweisschicht. Vorteilhaft hat ein erfindungsgemäßes Testelement deshalb eine erhöhte Verbundfestigkeit. Während Spreitschichten in Form von auflaminierten Kunststoffmembranen oder Fasermaterialien dazu neigen, sich zumindest bereichsweise von der Nachweisschicht abzulösen, lässt sich durch das Aufsprühen eine verbesserte Haftung erzielen und die Herstellung dadurch wesentlich vereinfachen. Eine aufgesprühte Spreitschicht kann beispielsweise membranartig oder vliesartig ausgebildet sein Durch Aufsprühen lassen sich mit geringem Aufwand Kunststoffschichten mit sehr geringen Fertigungstoleranzen herstellen. Erfindungsgemäß durch Aufsprühen hergestellte Spreitschichten haben deshalb gegenüber Spreitschichten aus Fasermaterial den Vorteil einer homogeneren Struktur. Gegenüber auflaminierten Kunststoffmembranen haben aufgesprühte Spreitschichten ebenfalls den Vorteil einer gleichbleibend besseren Qualität. Beim Auflaminie- ren von Kunststoffmembranen besteht nämlich stets eine mehr oder weniger große Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Membranen. Die Gefahr einer Beschädigung durch Dehnung, Rissbildung und ähnliches ist dabei umso größer, je dünner die Kunststoffmembran ist. A sprayed spreading layer has a very good adhesion to the underlying detection layer. Advantageously, a test element according to the invention therefore has an increased bond strength. While spreading layers in the form of laminated plastic membranes or fiber materials tend to detach from the detection layer at least in some areas, improved adhesion can be achieved by spraying and thus considerably simplify production. A sprayed spreading layer may be, for example, membrane-like or fleece-like By spraying can be produced with little effort plastic layers with very low manufacturing tolerances. Spreading layers produced by spraying according to the invention therefore have the advantage of a more homogeneous structure compared with spreading layers made of fibrous material. Compared to laminated plastic membranes, sprayed spreading layers also have the advantage of a consistently better quality. When laminating plastic membranes, there is always a greater or lesser risk of damage to the membranes. The risk of damage from stretching, cracking and the like is greater, the thinner the plastic membrane.
Erfindungsgemäß durch Aufsprühen hergestellte Spreitschichten können in einer wesentlich geringeren Dicke als herkömmliche Spreitschichten hergestellt werden. Fasermaterial lässt sich wegen seiner Struktur nur in relativ dicken Schichten herstellen. Das Auflaminieren von Kunststoffmembranen wird bei Schichtdicken von weniger als 100 pm zunehmend problematisch und stößt bei Schichtdicken von 50 pm an seine Grenzen. Dünnere Kunststoffmembranen werden beim Auflaminieren zwangsläufig beschädigt. Durch Aufsprühen lassen sich dagegen auch Kunststoffschichten als Spreitschichten herstellen, die eine Schichtdicke von weniger als 20 pm haben, beispielsweise weniger als 12 pm, insbesondere weniger als 10 pm. Die Spreitschicht kann beispielsweise eine Dicke von 1 bis 12 pm haben, insbesondere eine Dicke von 1 bis 10 pm haben oder auch eine Dicke von 5 bis 10 pm haben. Dünnere Spreitschichten haben den Vorteil, dass eine Körperflüssigkeitsprobe die darunter liegende Nachweisschicht schneller erreichen kann. Zudem steht bei dünneren Spreitschichten ein größerer Anteil einer Probe für die eigentliche Nachweisreaktion zur Verfügung, da eine dünnere Spreitschicht einen kleineren Anteil einer Probe aufnimmt als eine dickere Spreitschicht. Spreading layers produced by spraying according to the invention can be produced in a substantially smaller thickness than conventional spreading layers. Because of its structure, fiber material can only be produced in relatively thick layers. The lamination of plastic membranes becomes increasingly problematic at layer thicknesses of less than 100 pm and reaches its limits at layer thicknesses of 50 μm. Thinner plastic membranes are inevitably damaged during lamination. On the other hand, by spraying it is also possible to produce plastic layers as spreading layers which have a layer thickness of less than 20 μm, for example less than 12 μm, in particular less than 10 μm. The spreading layer may, for example, have a thickness of 1 to 12 μm, in particular have a thickness of 1 to 10 μm or else have a thickness of 5 to 10 μm. Thinner spreading layers have the advantage that a body fluid sample can more quickly reach the underlying detection layer. In addition, with thinner spreading layers, a larger proportion of a sample is available for the actual detection reaction, since a thinner spreading layer absorbs a smaller proportion of a sample than a thicker spreading layer.
Eine dünne Spreitschicht und eine gute Haftung auf der Nachweisschicht erleichtert es, Testelemente als ein Band auszubilden, das mehrere Testfelder trägt und beispielsweise zu einer Rolle aufgewickelt sein kann. Erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Testelemente können dann mit einem dünneren Rollen- durchmesser aufgewickelt werden. Als Bandkassetten ausgebildete Testelemente können dann entweder kompakter ausgebildet werden oder eine größere Anzahl von Probenuntersuchungen ermöglichen. - Die Eigenschaften der aufgesprühten Schicht lassen sich durch Einstellen von Sprühparametern wie Luftfeuchte, Temperatur, Sprühabstand und Sprührate optimieren. Während das Ausprobieren von auflaminierten Kunststoffmembranen mit anderen Eigenschaften stets einen erheblichen Aufwand verursacht, lassen sich Sprühparameter mit vernachlässigbar geringem Aufwand variie- ren. Vorteilhaft können deshalb die Eigenschaften einer Spreitschicht für eine gegebene Anwendung, d.h. eine gewünschte Nachweisreaktion und die Art und Menge der Körperflüssigkeitsprobe optimiert werden. A thin spreading layer and good adhesion to the detection layer makes it easier to form test elements as a tape carrying multiple test fields and, for example, wound into a roll. Test elements produced according to the invention can then be coated with a thinner roller be wound diameter. Test elements formed as tape cassettes can then either be made more compact or enable a larger number of sample investigations. - The properties of the sprayed layer can be optimized by adjusting spray parameters such as humidity, temperature, spray distance and spray rate. While trying on laminated plastic membranes with other properties always causes considerable expense, spray parameters can be varied with negligible effort. Advantageously, therefore, the properties of a spreading layer can be optimized for a given application, ie a desired detection reaction and the type and amount of body fluid sample become.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Moleküle, welche die polymere Spreitschicht bilden, zusammen mit einer Flüssigkeit versprüht werden, die anschließend, d.h. nach dem oder beim Aufsprühen, verdunstet. Gewissermaßen wird also eine Flüssigkeit als Träger für die Moleküle verwendet, welche dann die Spreitschicht bilden. Auf diese Weise lässt sich das Aufsprühen wesentlich vereinfachen. An advantageous development of the invention provides that the molecules which form the polymer spreading layer are sprayed together with a liquid which is subsequently, i. after or during spraying, evaporates. So to speak, a liquid is used as a carrier for the molecules, which then form the spreading layer. In this way, the spraying can be much easier.
An sich ist es aber auch möglich, auf eine solche Trägerflüssigkeit zu verzichten, indem die Spreitschicht bildende Moleküle als Monomere oder Polymere in flüssiger Form auf die Spreitschicht aufgebracht werden. Durch Temperaturänderung oder Zugabe eines Polymerisations- bzw. Vernetzungsmittels lässt sich dann erreichen, dass sich der aufgesprühte Flüssigkeitsfilm verfestigt. Eine Polymerisation bzw. Vernetzung von Monomeren oder Polymeren lässt sich durch Temperaturänderung oder Zugabe eines Polymerisations- bzw. Vernetzungsmittels auch dann vorteilhaft verwenden, wenn Monomere bzw. Polymere zunächst mit einer Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise als Lösung oder Emulsion, auf die Nachweisschicht aufgesprüht wurden, die nach dem Aufsprühen verdunstet. Ein Polymerisations- bzw. Vernetzungsmittel kann dabei bereits in der aufgesprühten Flüssigkeit enthalten sein. Möglich ist es auch, das Polymerisations- oder Vernetzungsmittel in einem zweiten Sprühvorgang aufzubringen. Die Moleküle, aus denen die Spreitschicht gebildet wird, können zusammen mit der Flüssigkeit, mit der sie aufgesprüht werden, eine Emulsion bilden. Bevorzug wird die Spreitschicht durch Aufsprühen einer Lösung hergestellt. Monomere oder Polymere, welche die Spreitschicht bilden, sind beim Sprühvorgang also in einer Flüssigkeit ge- löst, die nach dem Aufsprühen verdunstet. In itself, it is also possible to dispense with such a carrier liquid by the spreitschicht forming molecules are applied as monomers or polymers in liquid form on the spreading layer. By changing the temperature or adding a polymerization or crosslinking agent can then achieve that solidifies the sprayed liquid film. Polymerization or crosslinking of monomers or polymers can also be advantageously used by changing the temperature or adding a polymerization or crosslinking agent if monomers or polymers were first sprayed onto the detection layer with a liquid, for example as a solution or emulsion, after evaporated on spraying. A polymerization or crosslinking agent may already be present in the sprayed-on liquid. It is also possible to apply the polymerization or crosslinking agent in a second spraying. The molecules from which the spreading layer is formed can form an emulsion together with the liquid with which they are sprayed. Preferably, the spreading layer is prepared by spraying a solution. Monomers or polymers which form the spreading layer are thus dissolved in the spraying process in a liquid which evaporates after spraying.
Bevorzugt ist die Flüssigkeit, mit der zusammen die Moleküle, welche die Spreitschicht bilden, aufgesprüht werden, eine organische Flüssigkeit. Besonders bevorzugt sind polare organische Lösungsmittel, insbesondere aliphatische polare organi- sehe Lösungsmittel, beispielsweise aliphatische Alkohole, Ketone und Ether oder Gemische daraus. Geeignete Flüssigkeiten sind beispielsweise Methanol, Aceton und Tetrahydrofuran. Preferably, the liquid with which the molecules forming the spreading layer are sprayed together is an organic liquid. Particular preference is given to polar organic solvents, in particular aliphatic polar organic solvents, for example aliphatic alcohols, ketones and ethers or mixtures thereof. Suitable liquids are, for example, methanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran.
Organische Flüssigkeiten lassen sich vorteilhaft leicht verdunsten und lösen eine Reihe von gut für die Spreitschicht geeigneten Polymeren, beispielsweise Polyethyl- englykol, Polyvinylalkohol oder Cellulose einschließlich modifizierter Cellulose wie Hydroxypropylcellulose, Cellulosenitrat oder Celluloseacetat. Ein weiterer Vorteil von organischen Lösungsmitteln wie Alkohol, ist dabei dass sich auf diese Weise eine Beeinträchtigung der Nachweisschicht besonders gut vermeiden lässt. Da Körper- flüssigkeitsproben wässrige Flüssigkeiten sind, enthalten die Nachweisschichten von Testelementen typischer Weise Nachweisreagenzien, die wasserlöslich sind oder zumindest sensibel auf die Anwesenheit von Wasser reagieren. Organische Flüssigkeiten wie Alkohol sind dagegen unproblematisch. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass zum Aufsprühen eine pneumatische Düse verwendet wird. Pneumatische Düsen zerstäuben Flüssigkeiten mittels eines unter Druck stehenden Gases. Von pneumatischen Düsen wird also eine Mischung aus der zerstäubten Flüssigkeit und einem unter Druck stehenden Gas ausgestoßen. Pneumatische Düsen werden deshalb häufig auch als Zwei- stoffdüsen bezeichnet. Pneumatische Düsen ermöglichen eine sehr feine Zerstäubung von Flüssigkeiten und sehr gleichmäßiges Aufsprühen. Als Gas kann beispielsweise Druckluft oder Stickstoff verwendet werden. Eine zur Ausbildung einer Spreitschicht aufgesprühte Schicht kann bei Bedarf in weiteren Fertigungsschritten bearbeitet werden. Beispielsweise kann in die Schicht ein hydrophiler Stoff eingelagert werden, beispielsweise ein Tensid, um das Spreitverhalten weiter zu verbessern. Dieser hydrophile Stoff kann bereits in der aufgesprühten Lösung oder Suspension enthalten sein und mit der Schicht mit aufgesprüht werden. Dadurch wird eine sehr homogene Verteilung in der Schicht erreicht. Advantageously, organic liquids are readily allowed to evaporate and dissolve a variety of polymers well suited for the spreading layer, such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol or cellulose including modified cellulose such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate. Another advantage of organic solvents such as alcohol, is that in this way an impairment of the detection layer can be particularly well avoided. Since body fluid samples are aqueous liquids, the detection layers of test elements typically contain detection reagents which are water-soluble or at least sensitive to the presence of water. Organic liquids such as alcohol, however, are unproblematic. A further advantageous development of the invention provides that a pneumatic nozzle is used for spraying. Pneumatic nozzles atomize liquids by means of a pressurized gas. Pneumatic nozzles thus eject a mixture of the atomized liquid and a pressurized gas. Pneumatic nozzles are therefore often referred to as two-fluid nozzles. Pneumatic nozzles allow a very fine atomization of liquids and very uniform spraying. As a gas, for example, compressed air or nitrogen can be used. If necessary, a layer sprayed on to form a spreading layer can be processed in further production steps. For example, a hydrophilic substance can be incorporated into the layer, for example a surfactant, in order to further improve the spreading behavior. This hydrophilic substance can already be present in the sprayed-on solution or suspension and be sprayed with the layer. This achieves a very homogeneous distribution in the layer.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Testelement, insbesondere zur photometrischen Untersuchung einer Körperflüssigkeitsprobe, mit einem Träger, einer Nachweisreagenzien enthaltenden Nachweisschicht und einer die Nachweisschicht bedeckenden polymeren Spreitschicht, die eine Dicke von höchstens 20 pm, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 12 μιη, insbesondere nicht mehr als 10 pm, beispielsweise 1 pm bis 12 pm, insbesondere 1 pm bis 10 pm oder 5 pm bis 10 pm, hat. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich Testelemente mit derartig dünnen Spreit- schichten herstellen. Vergleichbare Schichtdicken lassen sich durch Auflaminieren einer herkömmlichen Membran oder Kunststofffolie nicht erreichen. The present invention furthermore relates to a test element, in particular for the photometric examination of a body fluid sample, comprising a support, a detection layer containing detection reagents and a polymer spreading layer covering the detection layer, having a thickness of at most 20 μm, preferably not more than 12 μm, in particular not more than 10 pm, for example 1 pm to 12 pm, in particular 1 pm to 10 pm or 5 pm to 10 pm. With the method according to the invention, test elements with such thin spreading layers can be produced. Comparable layer thicknesses can not be achieved by laminating a conventional membrane or plastic film.
Die Spreitschicht kann zur Abtrennung von Probenbestandteilen, beispielsweise Blutkörperchen, verwendet werden. Um eine solche Abtrennung zu bewirken, sollte die Spreitschicht einen nominellen Porendurchmesser von weniger als 8 pm, besser nicht mehr als 5 pm haben. Allerdings wird durch kleinere Poren die Zeit, welche von einer Probe zum Durchdringen der Spreitschicht benötigt wird, erhöht. Vorteilhaft sind deshalb Porendurchmesser von weniger als 20 pm. Bevorzugt sind deshalb nominelle Porendurchmesser nicht mehr als 20 pm, 8 pm bis 15 pm. The spreading layer can be used to separate sample components, for example, blood cells. To effect such separation, the spreading layer should have a nominal pore diameter of less than 8 pm, more preferably not more than 5 pm. However, smaller pores increase the time required for a sample to penetrate the spreading layer. Therefore, pore diameters of less than 20 μm are advantageous. Therefore, nominal pore diameters are preferably not more than 20 μm, 8 μm to 15 μm.
Der nominelle Porendurchmesser einer Membran wird mit einer Blaspunkt-Messung gemessen. Blaspunktmessungen werden manchmal auch als Blasendruck-Tests bezeichnet. Bevorzugt hat die Spreitschicht eine zur Nachweisschicht hin zunehmende Porengröße. Eine asymmetrische Spreitschicht lässt sich herstellen, in dem die Sprühparameter beim Aufsprühen verändert werden. Durch Aufsprühen lassen sich sehr vorteilhaft sehr kleine, diskrete Strukturen erzeugen. Dies kann beispielsweise genutzt werden, um Testelemente auf einer Lanzette vorzusehen. Hierfür kann beispielsweise in einem ersten Schritt eine Nachweisschicht auf eine Lanzette aufgebracht, beispielsweise aufgesprüht werden. In einem weiteren Schritt kann dann eine Spreitschicht auf die Nachweisschicht aufgesprüht werden. Durch Verwendung von Mikrodüsen und/oder Masken können so winzige Testelemente in eine Lanzette integriert werden, die sich durch Auflaminieren nicht oder nur mit sehr großem Aufwand erzeugen lassen. Der Träger des Testelements kann in diesem Fall der Lanzettenkörper sein, der beispielsweise aus Metall ist. The nominal pore diameter of a membrane is measured with a bubble point measurement. Bubble point measurements are sometimes referred to as bubble pressure tests. The spreading layer preferably has a pore size which increases towards the detection layer. An asymmetric spreading layer can be produced by changing the spraying parameters during spraying. By spraying it is very advantageous to produce very small, discrete structures. This can be used, for example, to provide test elements on a lancet. For this purpose, for example, in a first step, a detection layer applied to a lancet, for example, be sprayed. In a further step, a spreading layer can then be sprayed onto the detection layer. By using micro-nozzles and / or masks so tiny test elements can be integrated into a lancet, which can not be produced by lamination or only with great effort. The support of the test element in this case may be the lancet body, which is made of metal, for example.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden an Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen erläutert. Gleiche und einander entsprechende Komponenten sind dabei mit übereinstimmenden Bezugszahlen bezeichnet. Es zeigen: Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained with reference to embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical and corresponding components are denoted by matching reference numerals. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
Testelements zur fotometrischen Untersuchung einer Körperflüssigkeitsprobe; Fig. 2 eine schematische Schnittansicht zu Figur 1 ; und Test element for the photometric examination of a body fluid sample; Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of Figure 1; and
Fig. 3 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Testelements. Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a test element.
Das in Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Testelement 1 dient zur fotometrischen Untersu- chung einer Körperflüssigkeitsprobe, beispielsweise Blut und/oder interstitieller Flüssigkeit. Mit derartigen Testelementen kann beispielsweise die Konzentration von Glukose, Lactat oder anderen medizinisch bedeutsamen Analyten bestimmt werden. The test element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 serves for the photometric examination of a body fluid sample, for example blood and / or interstitial fluid. With such test elements, for example, the concentration of glucose, lactate or other medically important analytes can be determined.
Zur fotometrischen Konzentrationsbestimmung enthält das Testelement 1 ein soge- nanntes Testfeld 2. Das Testfeld hat eine Nachweisschicht 3, die Nachweisreagenzien enthält und in Figur 2 nicht maßstäblich dargestellt ist. Bei Kontakt mit den Analyten bewirken die Nachweisreagenzien eine Nachweisreaktion, die zu einer Farbänderung führt. Die Intensität der Farbänderung hängt dabei von der Analytkonzentrati- on ab, so dass sich durch eine fotometrische Auswertung der Farbänderung die Ana- lytkonzentration ermitteln lässt. For photometric concentration determination, the test element 1 contains a so-called test field 2. The test field has a detection layer 3 which contains detection reagents and is not shown to scale in FIG. Upon contact with the analytes, the detection reagents cause a detection reaction that results in a color change. The intensity of the color change depends on the analyte concentration. on, so that the analyte concentration can be determined by a photometric evaluation of the color change.
Die Nachweisschicht 3 ist von einer polymeren Spreitschicht 4 bedeckt. Die Spreit- schicht 4 ist eine Schicht, die eine aufgebrachte Körperflüssigkeitsprobe spreitet. Durch die Spreitschicht 4 hindurch gelangt zu untersuchende Flüssigkeit dann zu der Nachweisschicht 3. The detection layer 3 is covered by a polymeric spreading layer 4. The spreading layer 4 is a layer that spreads an applied body fluid sample. Liquid to be examined then passes through the spreading layer 4 to the detection layer 3.
Die Nachweisschicht 3 ist auf einem Träger 5 angeordnet. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Träger 5 eine transparente Kunststofffolie. Dieser Träger 5 kann auf einem zweiten Träger 6 angeordnet sein, beispielsweise einem Streifen aus Kunststoff oder Papier. Der zweite Träger 6 hat eine Aussparung 7, die von dem Träger 5 der Nachweisschicht 3 abgedeckt ist. Auf diese Weise kann eine fotometrische Messung durch die Aussparung des zweiten Trägers 6 und den transparenten ersten Träger 5 hindurch erfolgen. Die Spreitschicht 4 hat dann auf die Messung vorteilhaft keinen Einfluss. The detection layer 3 is arranged on a support 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the carrier 5 is a transparent plastic film. This carrier 5 may be arranged on a second carrier 6, for example a strip of plastic or paper. The second carrier 6 has a recess 7, which is covered by the carrier 5 of the detection layer 3. In this way, a photometric measurement can take place through the recess of the second carrier 6 and the transparent first carrier 5. The spreading layer 4 then advantageously has no influence on the measurement.
Die Spreitschicht des in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels wird durch Aufsprühen einer Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise mittels einer pneumatischen Dü- se, auf die Nachweisschicht 3 hergestellt. The spreading layer of the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is produced by spraying a liquid, for example by means of a pneumatic nozzle, onto the detection layer 3.
Bevorzugt werden zum Ausbilden der Spreitschicht Polymere auf die Nachweisschicht 3 aufgesprüht. Die Polymere bilden dann eine poröse Spreitschicht 4. Möglich ist es auch Monomere oder eine Mischung aus Monomeren und Polymeren auf die Nachweisschicht 3 aufzusprühen und diese dann auf der Nachweisschicht 3 zu polymerisieren. Auch Polymere können nach dem Aufsprühen vernetzt und weiter polymerisiert werden, jedoch ist dies nicht erforderlich. Preferably, polymers are sprayed onto the detection layer 3 to form the spreading layer. The polymers then form a porous spreading layer 4. It is also possible to spray monomers or a mixture of monomers and polymers onto the detection layer 3 and then to polymerize these on the detection layer 3. Even polymers can be crosslinked after spraying and further polymerized, but this is not required.
Monomere oder Polymere zur Ausbildung der Spreitschicht 4 können als eine Emul- sion auf die Nachweisschicht 3 aufgesprüht werden. In den Emulsionströpfchen oder beim Auftreffen auf die Nachweisschicht 3 findet dabei eine Phaseninversion statt. Die in der Emulsion enthaltenen Monomere oder Polymere können dann die Spreitschicht 4 bilden, beispielsweise als Membran oder Vlies, und sich vernetzen. Bevor- zugt wird zum Ausbilden der Spreitschicht eine Lösung versprüht, insbesondere eine Polymerlösung. Monomers or polymers for forming the spreading layer 4 can be sprayed onto the detection layer 3 as an emulsion. In the emulsion droplets or when hitting the detection layer 3, a phase inversion takes place. The monomers or polymers contained in the emulsion can then form the spreading layer 4, for example as a membrane or fleece, and crosslink. Before- To form the spreading layer, a solution is sprayed, in particular a polymer solution.
Unabhängig davon ob eine Emulsion oder eine Lösung aufgesprüht wird, werden die Moleküle, welche dann die Spreitschicht 4 bilden, zusammen mit einer Flüssigkeit versprüht, die anschließend verdunstet. Diese Flüssigkeit kann eine organische Flüssigkeit sein, beispielsweise ein Alkohol. Theoretisch können auch wässrige Flüssigkeiten verwendet werden, jedoch kann die Nachweisschicht 4 durch wässrige Flüssigkeiten unter Umständen beeinträchtigt werden. Aus diesem Grund sind orga- nische Flüssigkeiten bevorzugt. Regardless of whether an emulsion or a solution is sprayed on, the molecules which then form the spreading layer 4 are sprayed together with a liquid which subsequently evaporates. This liquid may be an organic liquid, for example an alcohol. Theoretically, aqueous liquids may also be used, but the detection layer 4 may be affected by aqueous liquids. For this reason, organic liquids are preferred.
Die Spreitschicht 4 kann beispielsweise aus Zellulose, modifizierter Zellulose, insbesondere Hydroxipropylzellulose, Zellulosenitrat oder Zelluloseacetat, Polyethylengly- kol, Polysulfon, Polyethersulfon, Polyolefin, Polyurethan, Polyamid, Polyimid, Polyac- rylat, Polycarbonat, Polyester, Polyether, Polyvinylether, Polyvinylester, Polyvinylal- kohol, Polysiloxan oder eine Mischung, die eines oder mehrere dieser Polymere enthält, hergestellt werden. Möglich sind auch substituierte Polymere dieser Klassen, beispielsweise Polytetrafluorethylen, und Polymergemische, so dass beim Aufsprühen Copolymere entstehen. The spreading layer 4 may consist, for example, of cellulose, modified cellulose, in particular hydroxypropylcellulose, cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyolefin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyesters, polyethers, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl esters, polyvinylalcohols. koholoxan or a mixture containing one or more of these polymers are prepared. Also possible are substituted polymers of these classes, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, and polymer blends, so that copolymers are formed on spraying.
Die Spreitschicht 4 kann vorteilhaft direkt auf die Nachweisschicht 3 aufgesprüht werden. Dies bedeutet, dass die Spreitschicht 4 die Nachweisschicht 3 kontaktiert, also an dieser anliegt. Die Spreitschicht 4 des dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels hat eine Dicke von 5 bis 10 pm. Der geringe Abstand zwischen der Oberfläche der Spreitschicht 4 und der Nachweisschicht 3 hat den Vorteil, dass eine auf die Spreitschicht 4 aufgebrachte Körperflüssigkeitsprobe die Nachweisschicht 3 sehr schnell erreichen kann. Die Durchbruchszeit, also die Zeit bis auf die Spreitschicht 4 aufgebrachte Flüssigkeit die Nachweisschicht 3 erreicht, beträgt bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weniger als eine zehntel Sekunde. Die geringe Stärke der Spreitschicht 4 hat dabei auch den Vorteil, dass in der Spreitschicht 4 nur sehr wenig Flüssigkeit verbleibt und somit ein sehr großer Anteil der Probenmenge für die Nachweisreaktion in der Nachweisschicht 3 zur Verfügung steht. Für eine Konzentrationsbestimmung genügen deshalb bereits Mengen von weniger als 0,5 μΙ. In die Spreitschicht 4 kann ein hydrophiler Stoff eingelagert sein, beispielsweise ein Tensid oder eine andere oberflächenaktive Substanz. Der hydrophile Stoff kann bereits zusammen mit der Spreitschicht aufgesprüht werden oder in einem nachgelagerten Fertigungsschritt in die Spreitschicht 4 eingebracht werden. The spreading layer 4 can advantageously be sprayed directly onto the detection layer 3. This means that the spreading layer 4 contacts the detection layer 3, that is, it rests against it. The spreading layer 4 of the illustrated embodiment has a thickness of 5 to 10 pm. The small distance between the surface of the spreading layer 4 and the detection layer 3 has the advantage that a body fluid sample applied to the spreading layer 4 can reach the detection layer 3 very quickly. The breakthrough time, ie the time until liquid applied to the spreading layer 4 reaches the detection layer 3, is less than one tenth of a second in the illustrated embodiment. The low thickness of the spreading layer 4 also has the advantage that only very little liquid remains in the spreading layer 4 and thus a very large proportion of the sample quantity is available for the detection reaction in the detection layer 3. Therefore, amounts of less than 0.5 μΙ suffice for a concentration determination. In the spreading layer 4, a hydrophilic substance may be incorporated, for example a surfactant or another surface-active substance. The hydrophilic substance can already be sprayed on together with the spreading layer or introduced into the spreading layer 4 in a downstream production step.
Die Spreitschicht kann vorteilhaft einen nominellen Porendurchmesser von weniger als 5 pm, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 2 μι , besonders bevorzugt nicht mehr als 1 pm haben. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel liegt der nominellen Porendurchmesser bei 0,5 pm. Auf diese Weise kann die Spreitschicht 4 zum Abfiltern von die Nachweisreaktion oder deren Auswertung störenden Probenbestandteilen benutzt werden, beispielsweise Blutkörperchen. Die Porosität der Spreitschicht 4 ist bevorzugt asymmetrisch, dies bedeutet, dass die Porengröße zur Nachweisschicht 3 hin abnimmt. Durch Aufsprühen lassen sich Spreitschichten 4 mit einem sehr guten Spreitverhalten herstellen, beispielsweise wird bei Aufgabe von 0,5 pl Blut eine mehr als doppelt so große Fläche benetzt, wie auf einer hydrophoben Oberfläche. The spreading layer may advantageously have a nominal pore diameter of less than 5 μm, preferably not more than 2 μm, particularly preferably not more than 1 μm. In the illustrated embodiment, the nominal pore diameter is 0.5 pm. In this way, the spreading layer 4 can be used for filtering sample components which disturb the detection reaction or its evaluation, for example blood cells. The porosity of the spreading layer 4 is preferably asymmetric, which means that the pore size decreases towards the detection layer 3. By spraying, spreading layers 4 can be produced with a very good spreading behavior, for example, when more than twice as large a surface is wetted with the application of 0.5 μl of blood, as on a hydrophobic surface.
Das in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Testelement ist als ein Teststreifen ausge- bildet. Figur 3 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Testelements zur fotometrischen Untersuchung einer Körperflüssigkeitsprobe, dass sich von dem vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel im Wesentlichen nur dadurch unterscheidet, dass der Träger 5 ein Band ist, das zu einer Rolle aufgerollt in einer Bandkassette 10 angeordnet ist. Eine solche Bandkassette 10 ermöglicht es, eine sehr große Anzahl von Körperflüssigkeitsproben zu untersuchen. Die gute Haftung einer aufgesprühten Spreitschicht und deren geringe Dicke sind für derartige Bandkassetten besonders vorteilhaft, da das Aufrollen des Trägerbandes erleichtert wird. The test element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed as a test strip. FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a test element for the photometric examination of a body fluid sample, which differs substantially from the embodiment described above only in that the carrier 5 is a band which is arranged rolled up in a roll cassette 10. Such a tape cassette 10 makes it possible to examine a very large number of body fluid samples. The good adhesion of a sprayed spreading layer and its small thickness are particularly advantageous for such tape cassettes, since the rolling up of the carrier tape is facilitated.
Bei dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel hat der als Band ausgebildete Träger 5 mehrere Testfelder 1 1 , die jeweils eine Nachweisschicht und eine die Nachweisschicht bedeckende Spreitschicht aufweisen, also gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figuren 1 und 2 aufgebaut sein können. Die Bandkassette 10 hat ein Gehäuse 12, in dem eine Vorratsrolle 13 angeordnet ist, auf der der als Band ausgebildete Träger 5 mit unbenutzten Testfeldern 1 1 ausgewickelt ist. Gebrauchte Testfelder werden mit dem Träger 5 auf eine Antriebsrolle 14 aufgewickelt. Durch Aufwickeln der Antriebsrolle wird zugleich die Vorratsrolle abgewickelt, so dass die Testfelder 1 1 zum Gebrauch nacheinander zu einer Gehäuseöffnung gebracht werden können. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the carrier 5 embodied as a strip has a plurality of test fields 11, which each have a detection layer and a spreading layer covering the detection layer, that is to say that they can be constructed according to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. The tape cassette 10 has a housing 12 in which a supply roll 13 is arranged, on which the carrier 5 formed as a belt is unwound with unused test fields 1 1. Second hand Test fields are wound onto a drive roller 14 with the carrier 5. By winding the drive roller at the same time the supply roll is unwound, so that the test fields 1 1 can be brought to use successively to a housing opening.
Die Bandkassette 10 kann eine Kammer für die Vorratsrolle 13 aufweisen. Die Antriebsrolle 14 ist bevorzugt außerhalb der Kammer der Vorratsrolle 13 angeordnet. Auf diese Weise ist die Vorratsrolle 13 mit den empfindlichen Nachweisreagenzien der unbenutzten Testfelder 1 1 vor schädlichen Umwelteinflüssen und insbesondere vor Feuchtigkeit in benutzten Testfeldern geschützt. Auf dem Weg von der Vorratsrolle 13 zur Antriebsrolle 14 kann der als Band ausgebildete Träger 5 von Bandführungselementen 15 geführt werden, die den Bandtransportweg vorgeben. The tape cassette 10 may include a chamber for the supply roll 13. The drive roller 14 is preferably arranged outside the chamber of the supply roll 13. In this way, the supply roll 13 is protected with the sensitive detection reagents of the unused test fields 1 1 from harmful environmental influences and in particular from moisture in used test fields. On the way from the supply roll 13 to the drive roller 14 of the carrier formed as a band 5 can be guided by tape guide elements 15, which dictate the tape transport path.
Effiziente Spreitschichten konnten beispielsweise auf folgende Weise erhalten wer- den: Efficient spreading layers could be obtained, for example, in the following way:
Ein aliphatisches Polyurethan, beispielsweise Bionate 80A UR von DSM Biomedical Materials, Geleen, NL, wurde in einem organischen Lösungsmittel (z. B. aliphatischer Ether, etwa Tetrahydrofuran von Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D) gelöst in einer Konzentration zwischen 3-6 % (m/m). Dieser Lösung wurde ein Tensid, z.B. Tween 20 (Polyoxyethylen(20)-sorbitan-monolaurat, anderer Name Poly(oxy-1 ,2- ethandiyl)-monododekansäure-sorbitylester, erhältlich von Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D) oder DONS (Dioctylsulfosuccinat Natriumsalz, anderer Name Bis(2-ethylhexyl)- Sulfosuccinat Natriumsalz, e rh ä ltl ich vo n Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D), hinzuge- fügt in einer Menge entsprechend ca. 3-5 % (m/m) des Polymergehaltes. Die Lösung wurde durch eine pneumatische Drehstrahl-Düse versprüht bei einem Sprühdruck zwischen 2-4 bar. Der Verbrauch an Polymerlösung beim Sprühen lag bei ca. 2 mL/min. Das Testelement mit der zu beschichtenden Nachweisschicht wurde in einem Abstand von 5 cm bis 15 cm, z. B. ca. 10 cm, unterhalb der Sprühdüse angeordnet. Der Prozess wurde bei Raumtemperatur in einem gängigen Laborabzug durchgeführt (ohne Kontrolle der Temperatur und Feuchte). Die aufgesprühte Polymer- Schicht trocknete innerhalb weniger Sekunden zu einem fest auf der Nachweisschicht anhaftenden Film. An aliphatic polyurethane, for example Bionate 80A UR from DSM Biomedical Materials, Geleen, NL, was dissolved in an organic solvent (eg aliphatic ether, such as tetrahydrofuran from Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D) in a concentration between 3-6%. (m / m). To this solution was added a surfactant, eg Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, another name poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) -monododecanoic sorbityl ester, available from Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D) or DONS (dioctylsulfosuccinate Sodium salt, other name bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt, preferably from Sigma-Aidrich, Steinheim, D), added in an amount corresponding to about 3-5% (m / m) of the polymer content , The solution was sprayed through a pneumatic jet nozzle at a spray pressure between 2-4 bar. The consumption of polymer solution during spraying was approx. 2 mL / min. The test element with the detection layer to be coated was at a distance of 5 cm to 15 cm, z. B. about 10 cm, arranged below the spray nozzle. The process was carried out at room temperature in a common fume hood (without temperature and humidity control). The sprayed polymer Layer dried within a few seconds to a firmly adhering to the detection film film.
Der Sprühvorgang wurde wahlweise mit statischem oder bewegtem Testelement durchgeführt. Zur Beschichtung mit gleichzeitiger Bewegung des Testelementes wurde das Testelement auf einem Zylinder fixiert und der Zylinder unter der Sprühdüse rotiert (z.B. mit 100-120 U/min). Sowohl die statisch als auch die mit Bewegung aufgebrachten Spreitschichten zeigten eine effiziente Spreitwirkung. Die Schichtdicke der aufgesprühten Spreitschicht konnte einfach durch die Auswahl der Sprühzeit variiert werden. Bei einer Sprühzeit von 2 s entstanden Spreitschichten mit einer Schichtdicke im bereich von 2-5 pm. Bei einer Sprühzeit von 10 s lag die Schichtdicke der Spreitschicht im Bereich von 8-10 pm. Durch entsprechend längere Sprühzeiten konnte die Schichtdicke nach Bedarf auf Werte von z.B. 20 pm, 40 pm oder 100 pm angepasst werden. The spraying was carried out optionally with a static or moving test element. For coating with simultaneous movement of the test element, the test element was fixed on a cylinder and the cylinder was rotated under the spray nozzle (e.g., at 100-120 rpm). Both the static and the applied spreading layers showed an efficient spreading effect. The layer thickness of the sprayed spreading layer could be varied simply by selecting the spraying time. At a spray time of 2 s, spreading layers with a layer thickness in the range of 2-5 μm were formed. At a spray time of 10 s, the layer thickness of the spreading layer was in the range of 8-10 μm. By correspondingly longer spraying times, the layer thickness could be adjusted to values of e.g. 20 pm, 40 pm or 100 pm.
Die Effizienz der Spreitschicht wurde überprüft durch Tüpfeln von verschiedenen Blutvolumina im Bereich 0,05 pl-2,0 μΙ auf die unbeschichtete Nachweisschicht bzw. auf die mit der Spreitschicht beschichtete Nachweisschicht. Bei der unbe- schichteten Nachweisschicht hatte z.B. der Blutstropfen von 0,5 μΙ einen Durchmesser von ca. 1 ,5 mm, ohne auf der hydrophoben Oberfläche zu verlaufen. Es verblieb ein kalottenförmiger Blutüberstand mit einem Kontaktwinkel von ca. 40°. Bei der mit der aufgesprühten Spreitschicht beschichteten Nachweisschicht hatte der Blutstropfen von 0,5 pl einen Durchmesser von ca. 2,8 mm bis 3,1 mm und war komplett verlaufen, d.h. kein Blutüberstand mehr sichtbar (Kontaktwinkel 0°). Somit wurde durch die aufgesprühte Spreitschicht die vom Blut benetzte Fläche der Nachweisschicht in etwa vervierfacht. Die sehr effiziente Verbesserung des Spreitverhaltens wurde unabhängig von der Schichtdicke der Spreitschicht festgestellt, d.h. sowohl für dünne Spreitschichten (im Bereich von 2-5 pm) als auch für dickere Spreitschichten (im Bereich von 20-40 pm). Ebenfalls wurde eine effiziente Verbesserung des Spreitverhaltens durch die aufgesprühte Spreitschicht unabhängig vom Blutvolumen festgestellt, für Blutvolumina im relevanten Bereich von 0,05-2 Die Schichtdicke wurde durch optische Digitalmikroskopie (Auflicht) jeweils eines Querschnitts der beschichteten Testelemente bestimmt. Als Messgerät wurde ein Mikroskop Keyence VHX-1000 verwendet. In entsprechender Weise wurde auch die Effizienz der Spreitschicht bestimmt, nämlich durch optische Digitalmikroskopie im Auflicht des benetzten Bereichs eines Testelements nach Auftragen einer Blutprobe. Kontaktwinkel wurden mit einem Kontaktwinkelmessgerät Krüss DAS 100 der Firma Krüss GmbH, Hamburg bestimmt. The efficiency of the spreading layer was checked by spotting different blood volumes in the range of 0.05 μl-2.0 μΙ onto the uncoated detection layer or onto the detection layer coated with the spreading layer. In the case of the uncoated detection layer, for example, the blood drop of 0.5 μΙ had a diameter of approximately 1.5 mm, without passing on the hydrophobic surface. It remained a dome-shaped supernatant with a contact angle of about 40 °. In the case of the detection layer coated with the sprayed-on spreading layer, the blood drop of 0.5 μl had a diameter of approximately 2.8 mm to 3.1 mm and was completely run, ie no blood supernatant was more visible (contact angle 0 °). Thus, the sprayed-on spreading layer approximately quadruples the area of the detection layer wetted by the blood. The very efficient improvement of the spreading behavior was found independently of the layer thickness of the spreading layer, ie both for thin spreading layers (in the range of 2-5 pm) and for thicker spreading layers (in the range of 20-40 pm). Also, an efficient improvement in spreading behavior by the sprayed spreading layer independent of blood volume was noted for blood volumes in the relevant range of 0.05-2 The layer thickness was determined by optical digital microscopy (incident light) in each case of a cross section of the coated test elements. The measuring instrument used was a Keyence VHX-1000 microscope. In a similar manner, the efficiency of the spreading layer was determined, namely by optical digital microscopy in the reflected light of the wetted area of a test element after applying a blood sample. Contact angles were determined using a contact angle measuring device Krüss DAS 100 from Krüss GmbH, Hamburg.
Bezuqszahlen Bezuqszahlen
1 Testelement 1 test element
2 Testfeld 2 test field
3 Nachweisschicht 3 detection layer
4 Spreitschicht 4 spreading layer
5 Träger 5 carriers
6 Träger 6 carriers
7 Aussparung 7 recess
10 Bandkassette 10 tape cartridge
11 Testfeld 11 test field
12 Gehäuse 12 housing
13 Vorratsrolle 13 supply roll
14 Antriebsrolle 14 drive roller
15 Bandführungselement 15 tape guide element
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12704693.6A EP2681329B1 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-02-11 | Method of preparing a testelement and testelement for analysing a sample of a body fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11001784A EP2495333A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | Method for producing a test element for investigating a bodily fluid sample and test element |
| EP12704693.6A EP2681329B1 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-02-11 | Method of preparing a testelement and testelement for analysing a sample of a body fluid |
| PCT/EP2012/000653 WO2012116780A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-02-11 | Method for producing a test element for studying a body fluid sample, and test element |
Publications (2)
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|---|---|
| EP2681329A1 true EP2681329A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
| EP2681329B1 EP2681329B1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
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| EP12704693.6A Active EP2681329B1 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-02-11 | Method of preparing a testelement and testelement for analysing a sample of a body fluid |
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| EP (2) | EP2495333A1 (en) |
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| EP3409362A1 (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-05 | Roche Diabetes Care GmbH | Method for manufacturing a test element for detecting an analyte in a body fluid |
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| US11408881B2 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2022-08-09 | Roche Diabetes Care, Inc. | Test meter and method for detecting undue pressure applied to an inserated test strip |
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| EP3409362A1 (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-05 | Roche Diabetes Care GmbH | Method for manufacturing a test element for detecting an analyte in a body fluid |
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| CN103415622A (en) | 2013-11-27 |
| US20180106726A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
| US20130343964A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
| ES2820541T3 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
| US11561183B2 (en) | 2023-01-24 |
| HK1187653A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 |
| US9874525B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
| WO2012116780A1 (en) | 2012-09-07 |
| CN103415622B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
| EP2681329B1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
| EP2495333A1 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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