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EP2665781A1 - Utilisation de compositions à base de protéines pour produire des revêtements et des objets ignifuges - Google Patents

Utilisation de compositions à base de protéines pour produire des revêtements et des objets ignifuges

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Publication number
EP2665781A1
EP2665781A1 EP12716181.8A EP12716181A EP2665781A1 EP 2665781 A1 EP2665781 A1 EP 2665781A1 EP 12716181 A EP12716181 A EP 12716181A EP 2665781 A1 EP2665781 A1 EP 2665781A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
composition
protein
use according
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12716181.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johann Kiss
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2665781A1 publication Critical patent/EP2665781A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D189/00—Coating compositions based on proteins; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
    • C09D5/185—Intumescent paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of protein-containing compositions for the production of flame-retardant coatings and articles, preferably compositions of natural raw material components.
  • Flame protection always has special significance where there are opportunities for overheating or open flame exposure in living spaces or certain applications, and the potential for human and environmental hazards arises through self-combustion. Certain products must therefore be flame retardant or flame retarded before use. Flame retardant or flame retardant effect is controlled by chemically active substances and / or physical properties. The common flame retardancy techniques are divided into 5 main groups, each based on different mechanisms of action. Flame retardants which due to their reactivity bind the heat released fission products (radicals) or the oxygen to prevent reactions with oxygen (e.g., halides, phosphate and sulfur compounds).
  • Flame retardants which extract heat energy in the heat by endothermic reactions and / or formation of H 2 O, in order to hinder or terminate the thermal cracking and degradation process under the action of heat (cooling effect, energy absorber).
  • Flame retardants that form a protective insulating layer with soot by incomplete combustion on the surfaces to prevent the access of oxygen and thermal energy (encapsulation and thermal insulation).
  • Flame retardants which by their own incombustibility shift the ratio between flammable mass and incombustible mass and thus exert a "dilution effect". Physically-effective flame retardancy is also achieved by the fact that a shrinkage or melting process is triggered by heat to reduce the contact surfaces or the heat exchange surfaces and to interrupt by retraction from the heat source, the thermal degradation or by appropriate distance to minimize the effect of temperature.
  • halogenated flame retardants are preferably used in the form of modern hydrocarbon compounds (plastics), where characteristic properties must be retained and low thermal stability of the molecular chains in the case of thermally induced splits (cracking) are effectively blocked by oxidation processes with oxygen. These substances are already highly effective in the formation of combustible pyrolysis gases, but are questionable and controversial in connection with their gaseous reaction products. In addition, halo Flame retardants are the recycling and easy disposal of appropriately equipped products after their use.
  • Phosphorus and sulfur compounds are used in both organic-synthetic and natural forms. The combination options are partly limited due to their chemical behavior and their reactivity with other materials. In technical leaflets of branded products is often the note that with phosphorus or sulfur-containing compounds subsequently equipped or surface-treated products remain reactive and can lose their effectiveness through environmental, aging and weathering processes over time. It should also be noted that here too, similar to halogenated products, the gaseous reaction products released in the event of fire are not safe.
  • Nitrogen-based flame retardants consist largely of organo-synthetic products (eg based on urea or melamine) whose mode of action is designed to produce the highest possible nitrogen concentration in the form of aliphatic or aromatic organic compounds, which then under thermal stress in turn be cleaved into radicals and so bind the oxygen as ⁇ compounds and release H 2 0 as a cleavage product (oxygen blocker and energy absorber).
  • organo-synthetic products eg based on urea or melamine
  • a mode of action is designed to produce the highest possible nitrogen concentration in the form of aliphatic or aromatic organic compounds, which then under thermal stress in turn be cleaved into radicals and so bind the oxygen as ⁇ compounds and release H 2 0 as a cleavage product (oxygen blocker and energy absorber).
  • oxygen blocker and energy absorber oxygen blocker and energy absorber
  • US 3,929,692 A describes a sprayable composition for application to interior walls for producing flame resistance and / or acoustic insulation.
  • the aim of the invention there beschnebenen is the replacement of asbestos in réellebreich.
  • the claimed composition contains synthetic fibers suspended in a liquid medium which further contains a film-forming substance, a mineral agent and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
  • the synthetic fibers are selected from polyamide and polyester.
  • the liquid medium is selected from water, phenols, alkyd resin, diethylene glycol, monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol, liquid aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and oleoresins.
  • the film-forming substance is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, casein, butadiene-styrene mixtures and soy protein.
  • the mineral agent is selected from mica, calcium silicate, perlite, calcium carbonate and magnesium silicate.
  • the flame retardancy of these compositions is based on the discovery that the addition of staple nylon or dacron synthetic fibers to pigment or spray coating compositions represents an asbestos substitution because the synthetic fibers can replace asbestos mineral fibers.
  • the effect of the optionally present casein, which is mentioned as one of many other film formers, is therefore the one that has been known since ancient times ("Kalkleim").
  • WO 2009/1 12393 A1 discloses a refractory and heat-resistant material comprising wax, water, potash (K 2 CO 3) and water glass.
  • the potash can be replaced by deer horn salt, ie ammonium (hydrogen) carbonate.
  • optional component can also be contained casein.
  • JP 2007-21 1229 A discloses a coating material for preventing the release of toxic substances from surfaces, wherein the coating material in addition to some optional components mandatory natural stone (which also mentioned lime one or more vegetable components (as a powder, juice or extract), animal protein (preferably beehives) and Teflon. Flame retardant is not mentioned.
  • the object of the invention was to provide a highly effective flame retardant composition which is as harmless as possible in terms of health and environmental protection, in particular a largely biologically structured one, which meets the diverse fire protection requirements in combination with any materials and materials and which can be produced and used in an economical manner.
  • c) comprise one or more fillers and / or additives
  • compositions being prepared by dissolving or dispersing components a) to c), if present, in water or an aqueous solvent system and mixing them, and then preparing the flame retardant coating or flame retardant article by cross-linking the protein portion with the base (s) and drying hardened and hardened.
  • the invention is based on the discovery of the inventor that from a combination of animal and / or vegetable protein and one or more suitable bases with appropriate digestion and crosslinking of the components, a composition can be produced which represents a highly effective flame retardant without any addition of other components.
  • the components used as component a) Proteins are all natural or naturally identical substances, eg natural protein-containing waste products, so that disposal without any environmental or health concerns is possible, although, depending on the selection of optional components, recycling and recycling are in most cases easily possible - and that even mostly without quality reduction of the recycling products.
  • the solvent used to prepare the flame retardant compositions is preferably water.
  • mixtures of water and one or more water-miscible organic solvents can also be used in some cases in order to be able to produce homogeneous mixtures of the individual components of the composition.
  • the solvents are not particularly limited and may for example be selected from alcohols, including polyhydric alcohols such as glycols, or from acetone, taking into account in all cases on the environmental compatibility.
  • animal proteins may have a whole range of different or at least different nuanced properties, but in the majority of cases, as the component to be crosslinked in the composition, the resulting flame-retardant surfaces are relatively hard, firm and rigid, contains an animal Protein composition additionally preferably a proportion of vegetable polymers, especially vegetable proteins, which, in addition to other inherent properties, also serve as a crosslinkable and therefore binding component and as such tend to cause a higher elasticity and flexibility of the flame retardant surfaces.
  • vegetable proteins which, in addition to other inherent properties, also serve as a crosslinkable and therefore binding component and as such tend to cause a higher elasticity and flexibility of the flame retardant surfaces.
  • the composition may contain, as additional optional component c), various fillers and / or additives as long as these do not impair the flame retardant effect.
  • the desired properties of the flame-retardant products made therefrom can be set very precisely in very broad ranges.
  • natural component a) it is possible, by way of example and preferably, to use natural products, such as milk or milk products or cereal products, but also natural waste products, for example from slaughterhouses, dairies, sawmills, mills and other grinding operations.
  • natural substances are also used as the base of component b) and as fillers or additives of component c), at least in preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • a preferred base according to the invention is lime, which will be discussed in more detail later. All of this makes it possible to produce and use the flame retardant composition from the economic and ecological point of view.
  • the components a) and c), if present are all foods, food ingredients, food waste or waste products from food production and thus completely harmless from a health and environmental point of view.
  • a composition for use according to the invention may either be applied as a coating to a carrier for flame-retardant finishing of materials or used as a molding material or binder and made into a three-dimensional object with flame-retardant surfaces, in all cases more or less large proportions of the optional components c ) can be taken into account.
  • the transitions between (relatively unfilled) molding compound and (more or less strongly filled) binder are flowing here.
  • the optional component c) is not particularly limited and includes, for example, pigments, fibers, dyes, plasticizers, flow or thickening agents, mixing aids and fillers, as long as they do not affect the flame retardant properties of the composition, but even reinforce them in preferred embodiments.
  • optional fillers are selected from inorganic powders, flours, and pigments, such as stone meal, bone ash, chalk, gypsum, kieselguhr, silicon hydroxide, volcanic ash, glass foam, Titanium dioxide, iron oxide and carbon black, to name a few examples.
  • flame-retardant fillers are organic powders and flours, fiber and granule products such as cork granules, nut and coconut shells, pulp, cocoa or coffee as powder or granules, egg shells, corn and cob meal, hair, vegetable flours, dusts and fibers.
  • synthetic fillers such as polystyrene and polyurethane foam granules and mixtures thereof are not flame-retardant fillers, they can, in combination with other fillers and with the protein as flame retardant binder, be upgraded to flame-resistant products or be developed into new, high-quality products in new recycling processes , as will be explained later.
  • the optional component c) also includes blowing agents in order to foam the composition in a targeted manner if a foamed flame-retardant coating or a flame-retardant foamed component is to be obtained.
  • blowing agents in order to foam the composition in a targeted manner if a foamed flame-retardant coating or a flame-retardant foamed component is to be obtained.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that proteins per se are not easily flammable.
  • it has hitherto not been possible to produce flame-retardant coatings or articles from proteins or even natural protein sources which in their natural form are not stable to external and biological-natural degradation processes and decomposition effects and hardly combinable with other materials and products.
  • the flame-retardant properties of the natural proteins are first fully activated, enhanced by optional other vegetable polymers and especially by the base and on this way specifically used for flame retardancy.
  • the invention makes it possible to flame-retard the desired properties of the end product by appropriate selection of the components, coordination of the respective formulation and control of the crosslinking reactions during the processing of the composition Products are adjusted within wide limits and adapted to numerous materials.
  • the efficiency of protein flame retardants is critically influenced by the particular materials and products to be delivered, since non-absorbent, synthetic and closed-cell products require different formulations than open-cell, absorbent materials and products, to which a superficial flame retardant is more firmly anchored Reaction can be included in the networking process. Therefore, even with low concentrations and with the simplest combinations of disrupted proteins, different materials can be equipped with flame-retardant and even flame-resistant properties.
  • Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids with high amounts of nitrogen, which, when used in a flame retardant composition - without wishing to be limited to one theory - trigger two effective mechanisms even at low heat:
  • Natural protein sources and plant components with protein moieties usually contain undesirable concomitants, for example, for the present purposes. Fats, sugars, starches, cellulose, etc., which actually have the opposite effect in terms of fire resistance or flame retardancy.
  • Starch for example, is a polysaccharide whose molecules contain relatively many oxygen atoms that can be released upon thermal cleavage of the molecule, which tends to support fire behavior. Starch products can therefore burn without external oxygen supply, as it is known as independent "glowing". Of the natural vegetable raw materials used according to the invention, therefore, their protein content is primarily to be regarded as advantageous.
  • the invention uses all constituents of animal and vegetable protein sources with all accompanying substances, since these can be crosslinked in complete and joint digestion with the natural reaction and crosslinking components to highly effective flame retardant and preferably incombustible coating and binding agents.
  • the proteinaceous binder composition is completely disrupted and crosslinked with the alkaline reaction components. This is especially true for vegetable protein sources, where in a thermal mixing process to ensure the digestion of the accompanying components.
  • the individual components of a composition are described in more detail below.
  • the animal protein is responsible for the internal cohesion of the components of the composition due to the functions described below.
  • Targeted and suitable selection of the animal protein can also be used to produce or improve the compatibility with optional fillers and additives.
  • the following statements apply in part also to vegetable proteins described in more detail later: Proteins, especially animal proteins, have after the reaction, i. H. inter alia cross-linking, with other components of the composition has a strong dispersing or emulsifying effect, which makes it possible to include certain, previously considered incompatible components together in a stable composition.
  • - Proteins have hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups that support and enhance the adhesion to different flame-retardant surfaces in the targeted application in a flame-retardant system.
  • a combination of animal and vegetable protein sources is advantageous in many applications. Certain plant protein sources can be digested and crosslinked, especially in combination with animal proteins with basic reaction components. Incompatibilities and uncontrolled reactions are identified in such combinations. tions are avoided, and the flame retardant properties of the protein flame retardant binder are significantly enhanced.
  • the animal protein is not particularly limited, and milk proteins may be used as well as other natural protein sources or waste products containing animal and vegetable protein components. Non-limiting examples include collagen, gelatin, skin glue, bone glue, horn or bone meal and eggs. Animal and vegetable proteins are usually of 100% natural origin and are therefore fully biodegradable and, moreover, relatively inexpensive.
  • animal protein milk proteins more preferably in the form of milk, skim milk and / or one or more dairy products, in particular cow's milk or products thereof, such.
  • composition of milk and dairy products is not as volatile as those of other natural sources of protein, since casein proteins, as main constituents, make up about 80% of the protein content in milk.
  • the accompanying substances contained in the original and naturally occurring protein source milk such as sugar and fat, are not directly desired according to the invention, they do not disturb even in small amounts since they increase the compatibility of the components. support and improve one another's and those with the additional, optional components.
  • Purified, concentrated and industrially processed proteins, such as casein, or synthetically produced proteins are of course equally applicable according to the present invention and have in combination with the other components a comparable flame retardant effect as the corresponding natural product;
  • flame retardant products produced with casein as component a) have similar properties to those produced with milk or milk products. Due to the weaker dispersing properties, the economic efficiency and the limited availability of "pure" proteins, however, these are not preferred according to the invention.
  • the plant constituents which are not exclusively understood here, but in particular vegetable proteins and polysaccharides and the latter, above all, starch and cellulose, are assumed to be due to their characteristic properties (again, without wishing to be limited to a particular theory), that they mainly support the adhesive and adhesion promoting functions of the coating and binder system and stabilize and reinforce the internal strength of the targeted systems.
  • the properties of vegetable proteins as natural polymers vary relatively widely. Apart from the already very different protein qualities in the plant natural substances, which each have different property profiles, the concentrations of the proteins and the accompanying substances such as starch, fat, sugar, pulp, etc. differ.
  • Vegetable proteins lead to more flexible and elastic products and the reaction with alkaline reaction components significantly more effective and efficient "adhesive systems" allows.
  • the wettability and anchoring on different materials is much more promoted by plant proteins than by animal protein systems.
  • the starch content of the vegetable polymers unfolds their optimum effect when it is disrupted in a cooking process and reacts in the decomposed state with the alkaline reaction components, crosslinked and cured.
  • the reaction product of such vegetable polymers may be a flexible or hard, very stable product combining very good water resistance and fire resistant behavior with high degree of crosslinking.
  • animal protein sources are often only able to withstand a high thermal load, which can hinder the drying and hardening process in some cases considerably, but only requires low energy input.
  • Vegetable protein sources usually require temperatures above the boiling point of water for complete digestion and crosslinking of all components, so that existing and known methods for industrial processing can be adapted and used.
  • plant proteins may be an important means to enhance the binding and adhesive power to a carrier medium or to any fillers, as well as to optimize the crosslinking and water resistance of the flame retardant products produced from the composition.
  • gluten e.g. Barley, Wheat - Other vegetable proteinaceous fruits such as rice, corn, potato, lentils,
  • Plant and vegetable fruits with high protein content e.g. soy
  • Protein-containing food production waste and waste products e.g. Breadcrumbs, pasta, bread and pastries, expired and for the
  • Protein-containing products which in the course of the flame-retardant finishing or binding of a vegetable material are digested and crosslinked only in the second processing step, as explained in more detail below, eg grasses, bark granules, vegetable fibers
  • the selection of plant proteins is determined by the composition of each source, where specific property profiles can be used and used, depending on the protein content and concentration of the accompanying substances.
  • Vegetable protein sources containing gluten include the preferred form of vegetable protein sources in accordance with the present invention. Glues in particular assist and improve the adhesion and adhesion of the compositions, provide flexibility by maintaining flexibility while increasing the internal strength of elastic blends.
  • Other preferred vegetable protein sources contain, in addition to their emulsifying, wetting and more or less strongly adhesive and elastic action, water-binding pentosans or slime-forming hemicelluloses, i. Substances which ensure sufficient surface wettability in wet or wet conditions in highly crosslinked (water-resistant) mixtures.
  • starch paste which has different strength and toughness depending on the origin of the starch and supports the wettability and adhesion of the coating or binder system.
  • starch constituents can be uniformly crosslinked with alkaline earth metal hydroxides and "carbonated” with CO2 to form water-resistant, very stable, solid, flame-retardant products.
  • the gluing power of the original glue decreases with increasing degree of crosslinking, but this increases the strength and hardness of the final product.
  • composition as a source of vegetable proteins legume flour such as pea flour, or cereal flour contain, since they have relatively high levels of vegetable polymers, ie protein and starch portions, at the same time relatively low fat content with easy availability and correspondingly low price (Wheat: about 70% starch, about 12% protein, about 2% fat, rice: about 75% starch, about 7.5% protein, about 2% fat, oats: about 63% starch , about 12% protein, about 7% fat).
  • Wheat flour, rice flour, maize flour, potato flour and soybean meal have proven to be particularly advantageous and economical, which, in addition to their precisely defined composition, quality and quantity, are also the most economical.
  • the vegetable-based components can utilize waste products or residues or to use purified industrial individual constituents of vegetable raw materials (for example starch, gluten, bran, pomace, etc.) in a targeted manner.
  • vegetable raw materials for example starch, gluten, bran, pomace, etc.
  • vegetable protein sources used include, for example, cereal flours, potato flour, soya flour and maize flour.
  • Industrial wastes and residues of vegetable raw materials and products such as grape press residues, waste in the production of alcohol, leftovers and waste Food production, both economically and by their usually higher protein content and their already digested form (cooked / baked) even more advantageous and easier to use according to the invention.
  • reaction components selected from alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, bicarbonates and carbonates including, for the purposes of the present invention, also, in accordance with the accepted definition of "alkalis”, ammonia and its carbonate and bicarbonate, e.g. in the form of deer horn salt, are superficially used for the digestion and conversion of the proteins into corresponding reaction products.
  • alkalis ammonia
  • bicarbonate e.g. in the form of deer horn salt
  • the base provides an alkaline pH of the composition as a whole and thus the best possible wettability of various materials to be coated therewith as well as resistance to mold and other undesirable (because premature) rotting influences.
  • the in acidic environment such as. in the soil or soil
  • neutralization takes place so that the natural components of the composition can be microbiologically digested, allowing a slow natural rotting of the coatings or articles made from the composition after their disposal.
  • alkaline systems saponify fats and thus bind both fat deposits in the formulation as well as traces of grease or grease contamination to surfaces to be coated, which represents a significant advantage for a coating system.
  • NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2 , NaHCO 3 , NH 4 HCO 3 , potash, wood ash, soda and ammonia have proved to be preferred reactants and components of action.
  • Ca (OH) 2 NaOH or KOH or a mixture thereof as the base according to the present invention, more preferably Ca (OH) 2 in the form of quick lime, more preferably one Mixture of lime and at least one alkali metal hydroxide, in particular a mixture of lime lime and NaOH.
  • the alkali metal hydroxide (or at least one, if any), which is preferably NaOH for cost reasons, should be premixed with the animal protein and optionally also with optional vegetable components, and optionally heated together To bring about an at least partial, preferably complete, digestion of these components before the slaked lime and optional fillers or additives are added, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the base comprises a carbonate or bicarbonate, by means of which the water resistance can be increased, this is preferably likewise added only in the last mixing step, in order to prevent any foaming of the mixture, if this effect is not explicitly desired.
  • Different components such as digested starch, may be incompatible with certain strong bases and lead to unwanted reactions and segregation. This effect is inhibited or prevented by the emulsifying properties of the proteins according to the present invention.
  • silt lime has the advantage over slaked lime that slaked lime no longer contains any extinguished lime particles which could negatively affect the mixing of the components of the composition. Therefore, it is particularly preferred to use a lime that has been left to rest (ie, react with water) for at least three months to sufficiently convert the calcium oxide to Ca (OH) 2 .
  • both the extent of digestion of the animal and / or vegetable constituents and the degree of crosslinking of the polymers contained can be controlled.
  • larger proportions of NaOH, which are preheated together with components a) and, if appropriate, c) have the effect that the properties of the animal proteins and of any vegetable polymers are more pronounced.
  • the degree of crosslinking and thus the stability and stiffness as well as the swelling capacity and thus the water resistance of the cured composition can be controlled specifically based on the amount of Ca (OH) 2 , as will be explained in more detail in the later examples.
  • the base component is more or less diluted, dissolved or used as a solid or as a combination thereof.
  • hydrogen carbonates are used specifically for pulping and / or when foaming is desired in the later thermal processing.
  • the liberated C0 2 is used to enhance the carbonation in the system and / or to accelerate by reaction with other components. It is important to keep the composition alkaline overall and to reconstitute it with at least slight excess of alkali. Especially when using natural herbal products, it is advantageous if their protein and starch components even
  • the alkalinity is also advantageous because the improved wettability thereby has a supporting effect and the residual traces of fats or other interfering surface contaminants are chemically disrupted, for example by saponification.
  • Bone ash is a highly interesting and at the same time very effective filler and, due to its chemical composition, an additional effective flame retardant. Spodium consists of 73-84% calcium phosphate, about 10% calcium carbonate, 2-3% magnesium phosphate and about 4% calcium fluoride. This filler is useful in flame retardant coating systems, especially for paints, because its heat resistance and flame resistance are very high and it optimizes its effectiveness in the new natural protein system of the invention.
  • the only small disadvantage is the halide content, ie of calcium fluoride, which is relatively low and because of the high reactivity of fluorine will hardly pose a significant problem in combustion gases. However, this point should be considered in the recipe selection.
  • Cork has basically fire-resistant and fire retardant properties. According to the present invention, their flame retardant properties in the formulation can be additionally enhanced or optimized. at Using the composition as a binder for such cork fillers, absolutely non-combustible cork products can be produced.
  • Natural Fibers In addition to inherently incombustible fibers such as metal fibers and glass fibers, it may also be advantageous to use natural pulp, wool, hair, etc. based on pulp or collagen as fillers.
  • the fibers may be treated with a specially formulated formulation of the composition, e.g. With a slightly increased base content, chemically digested, they are thus cross-linked and thus flame-retardant, fire-resistant and are inseparably included in the drying and curing process.
  • an optimized binder system slurry
  • it may be cured and cured as a filled pulp to an extremely stable lightweight component.
  • An adhesive slurry with fibrous materials additionally has advantages where the adhesive strength of the unfilled binder system is insufficient to provide a strong, non-releasable coating on certain materials, e.g. those with smooth surfaces.
  • certain materials e.g. those with smooth surfaces.
  • straw, reeds, bamboo, grass, polyolefins etc. all have smooth surfaces and are therefore hardly bondable.
  • the surfaces may be enveloped with a fiber filled composition, thereby overcoming the poor bondability.
  • the same principle can be transferred to other, not or poorly bondable material mixtures.
  • Volcanic ash, glass foam Volcanic ash and glass foam are available in a wide variety of qualities and shapes. However, the most decisive product characteristic can be seen in the foamed, open-pored structure of the particles and the silicate-containing composition. Above all, the advantage of this filler is that based on inorganic and incombustible materials, the flame-retardant products produced from the composition can be given high stability, light weight and thermal insulation, with the result of their fire resistance and resistance clearly increased. With these fillers also heat insulation products such as polystyrene foam or polyurethane foams can be effectively flame retardant without sacrificing any significant degree of insulating properties. Using the composition as a binder for larger amounts of volcanic ash results in new flame resistant, lightweight and heat and sound insulating products.
  • coconut shells are extremely strong and permanently stable products which, in the milled state according to the present invention, are outstandingly suitable as fillers in order to increase the strength and durability of the products.
  • the effect is similar to the natural fibers mentioned above, when the starch and protein components are chemically digested and inseparably crosslinked and integrated in the system.
  • the products obtained from the composition are thereby given a particular hardness and stability.
  • Coconut shells show almost no swelling and are therefore especially suitable for waterproof fire-resistant products.
  • Cocoa, coffee Both products have the property of reacting with the components of the composition, forming complexes and supporting their flame-retardant action. An additional positive effect is the optimization of the water and moisture resistance of the system. Coffee powder swells strongly on contact with water and shrinks vigorously in the curing process. This must be taken into account in its use and, if necessary, compensated by low concentration, fine grinding or use of dissolving coffee.
  • auxiliaries or stabilizers for the purpose of optimizing the composition for their determination according to the present invention and possibly also to introduce additional functions.
  • auxiliaries or stabilizers for the purpose of optimizing the composition for their determination according to the present invention and possibly also to introduce additional functions.
  • preferred and partly also used in the later examples are mentioned in order to clarify the effect of this group.
  • Citric acid This is mainly used in formulations, in which in addition to NaOH and Ca (OH) 2 is used in certain mixing ratios as a base.
  • the two base components in such formulations tend to react very rapidly and violently in the curing and drying process at temperatures above 90 ° C, causing a short (but not stable) foaming.
  • the composition is used as a coating composition, the cured end product therefore does not form a coherent, uniform flameproofing film.
  • this is not necessarily a disadvantage, since at the same time a good distribution of the composition on the flame-retardant carrier to be equipped and penetration into the smallest pores of the same can be achieved.
  • the composition for example, about 0.1% to 1% citric acid are added.
  • citric acid itself is not thermostable and decarboxylates rapidly upon heating to over 175 ° C, which can be used for targeted foaming (ie, citric acid as a blowing agent).
  • citric acid In the presence of Ca 2+ , however, it is converted into insoluble and non-combustible calcium citrate.
  • a radical and ion scavenger is thus introduced into the composition, which bind the otherwise explosively released, excess base components and can be selectively used both for stabilization (foam prevention) and to increase the fire resistance.
  • Silica An inert inorganic product available in a wide variety of natural and industrial grades. This product family has exceptional properties that stabilize the composition and homogenize its reactions. In combination with selected reaction partners, the hardness, strength and weather resistance are increased, the chemical resistance is optimized and the fire protection effect is significantly improved. lent improved. Depending on the product and quality, noticeable changes in properties are already achieved with the smallest amounts (eg from 0.1%).
  • Alginates These polysaccharides are known natural thickeners and emulsifiers that are industrially used mainly in the food industry. In the presence of free calcium ions, alginates react by crosslinking to form long-chain, branched macromolecules, which is also understood as a "bridge-forming support structure".
  • a similar stabilizing effect can also be used selectively where foamed masses are permanently foam-stabilized and converted into solid, stable foam products should.
  • the crosslinking reaction of alginate with calcium also has the advantage that the alginates themselves are stabilized against the otherwise usually rapidly onset of biodegradation and protected against rotting in an alkaline environment.
  • Short fibers This means fibers from about 0.1 mm fiber length, which have an emulsifying, stabilizing effect as well as a wetting and adhesion promoting effect.
  • the use of short fibers as additives may be due to different objectives. Depending on the fiber type and type, the drying of the aqueous system can be accelerated or slowed down. Short fibers counteract crack formation during the drying process even in very low concentrations and ensure smooth continuous layers or thin films. In foamed systems, short fibers perform foam-stabilizing functions and, thanks to the support effect, ensure sufficiently uniform and stable foam structures until hardened. Kurmaschinen also have adhesion-enhancing effects. kung of coating or binder systems on smooth surfaces. When using non-combustible short fiber grades, the flame retardancy of a coating or article of the present invention can be further improved and, if desired, the solids content in the formulation increased.
  • Magnesium carbonate / magnesium hydroxide Both materials are characterized by low water solubility and heat resistance and are basic reacting auxiliaries and complementary options for quality optimization.
  • the magnesium compounds have the advantage that the water and heat resistance of a protein flame retardant formulation is significantly improved and, in combination with lime lime protein formulations, they potentiate the flame retardant properties even at low concentrations.
  • Magnesium and calcium compounds are usually the hardness-forming elements in water and are characterized by the formation of very stable and permanently solid and hardly soluble in water carbonate salts. This effect is deliberately and purposefully exploited with the help of the proteins and their emulsifying and flame retardant properties, which opens up new and previously unknown formulation options and property profiles of proteinaceous binders and material mixtures. production method
  • This self-contained airborne process can be supplemented, if necessary, either by the addition of water or by cooling, e.g. to 5-15 ° C, significantly inhibited or at least slowed down.
  • the advantages are rapid and economical processability, low water input and, with a high degree of crosslinking, good water resistance of the final product.
  • the disadvantage is that until complete crosslinking a thermally assisted drying and curing at not more than 65-70 ° C should take place in order not to provoke premature degradation of the macromolecular protein.
  • These contain, in addition to animal protein, preferably an alkali metal hydroxide as base component b-1) and bottoms lime as base component b 2 ) and optionally one or more optional components c).
  • the first step in the preparation is to mix component a) with alkali metal hydroxide b- ⁇ ) to break up the protein by uniform mixing and then optionally optional components c) mix in and evenly, without premature reactions or lump formation to disperse.
  • the non-protein impurities of component a) are thermally digested in a cooking process.
  • the digested and cooked mass should be cooled to at least 30-35 ° C and only then, in the third step, the crosslinking component Sumpfkalk be mixed and dispersed.
  • further components c) can be added.
  • compositions which are based exclusively on animal proteins, but can also be formulated non-reactive without thermal process and subsequently digested during processing, crosslinking.
  • the composition is already flame retardant in this state, but not water resistant. Therefore, the reaction component b 2) is blended in order thus also to increase the degree of crosslinking and the water resistance, preferably in a second step, at the same time the processing is performed to flame-Menden coatings or objects.
  • compositions are usually storage-stable for only a few hours or days, since the chemical digestion and cleavage process of the proteins in the alkaline medium continuously continues and degrades.
  • the cross-linking effect in the presence of both base components is not as pronounced in purely animal protein formulations as when using lime alone.
  • animal protein after digestion with component b-1) has the advantage that higher processing temperatures can be used, since the protein is already digested.
  • compositions containing animal and vegetable proteins where thermal digestion takes place only during processing in a thermal processing process in which boiling temperature is reached.
  • the components are mixed in the same sequence as described under B1) without thermal digestion of the accompanying substances.
  • the result is again a composition that can be stored for only a few days and only fully processed and networked during processing.
  • the mass is characterized by the lack of thermal digestion and the unreacted pre-crosslinking in their behavior "biological” and is therefore not compared to biodegradation processes (molecular degradation, segregation and mold formation during prolonged storage) not stabilized.
  • this deficiency can be remedied by appropriate stabilizing additives if necessary.
  • the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to illustrative, non-limiting embodiments.
  • compositions which have been used either as a coating for the preparation of flame retardant coatings on carriers or as a molding material / binder for the production of flame retardant articles.
  • the respective behavior under flame action or fire behavior of these products was investigated and compared with each other by means of a simple and at the same time effective test procedure.
  • both an edge and the main surface of the specimens were heated with a propane gas torch at full power, loading and evaluating the parts to be tested in a horizontal position relative to the flame and perpendicular to the flame.
  • the distance to the burner was adjusted so that the tip of the flame just touched the sample.
  • the firing time was limited to a maximum of 3 minutes continuous load, depending on the fire behavior of the respective test specimen, and was noted as well as special events, e.g. Smoke, unusual, intense odor, noise and the like.
  • nonwovens natural fiber and synthetic fiber
  • cork granules and plate products
  • wood wood shavings
  • polystyrene foam EPS granules
  • curd cheese about 1% fat 40.0% by weight
  • any available finely powdered stone meal or inorganic pigment e.g. White pigment, used or mixed in addition. Their effect is comparable, although the hardness of the dried coating differs.
  • Blow-out mica is characterized by the presence of a "scale-shaped" microstructure that results in smooth and smooth coatings with high surface hardness. Similar effects were also observed with color pigments, e.g. Titanium dioxide, observed, which influence the surface properties smoothing due to their structure.
  • Step 1 Quark and swamp lime were thoroughly mixed and completely digested to basal binder.
  • Step 2 Blähglimmer flour was stirred in and finely dispersed (roller mill, bead mill or dissolver stirrer disc, depending on the fineness of the powdered stone powder) taking care that no lumps were formed or one too developed high frictional heat, which would accelerate the independent reaction in addition.
  • the mass can be diluted depending on the desired consistency with water. It is important that this approach is processed quickly, ideally within 1 hour. With a foreseeable longer processing time, small amounts of water may be added after mixing to reduce the reaction rate, i. to extend the pot life.
  • the system is self-crosslinking, the coating dries and crosslinks at room temperature within a few minutes. Thermally assisted, the drying process can be additionally accelerated, but should not be loaded above 70 ° C until fully cured. The fully cured coating was and remained durably heat-resistant and fire-resistant. With a higher coating application, shrinkage or drying cracks in the coating can occur on hard and stable substrates, which are avoided, for example, by adding 1 -2% short fibers (for example 0.2 mm long) to the formulation.
  • Result and effect Used as a coating, surfaces are equipped with a fire-resistant and wet-resistant and firm protective layer.
  • the viscosity can be adjusted by changing the rock flour concentration or by adding water to the respective application technique. Dyes or pigments do not disturb this flame retardant, but should be carefully selected for their chemical composition so as not to produce toxic hydrolysis products.
  • temperature-sensitive or thermally shrinking products the thermal stability is increased by external heat.
  • the coating adhesion is markedly enhanced by the chemical disruption effect of the coating.
  • the fire-protective effect is given up to the time at which the carrier material behind the fire-retardant protective layer pyrolysis gases developed. Stronger and more lasting effects of heat do not prevent the formation of pyrolysis gases in the carrier medium in products coated in this way. burn a flame. To avoid or improve this, this flame retardant can also be used as a binder in the carrier material.
  • soy flour Hensel * 5.0% by weight
  • Step 1 Milk was predispersed with S 1 O 2 and digested with the NaOH solution, then soy flour was mixed and dispersed.
  • Step 2 The milk-flour mass was brought to cooking temperature and completely digested, then cooled.
  • Step 3 The lime lime was mixed in and finely dispersed.
  • This formula is non-reactive and storage stable for months.
  • the drying can be carried out at room temperature, but better in a thermally supported drying and curing process.
  • the viscosity can be adjusted to the desired consistency by adding water.
  • This composition is suitable for both paint systems and as a fire retardant binder.
  • Example 3 Comparable with Example 1, except that the coating contained no granular constituents, was more crosslinked and better stabilized against external influences.
  • composition with animal protein from eggs (whole egg or egg white)
  • Whole egg has the advantage of better dispersibility and very good wettability due to the fat content in the egg yolk, which can be additionally digested (i.e., saponified) with a higher base content, while impairing the water resistance.
  • the higher fat content leads to binder masses which promote film formation and provide more flexible and smoother coating results.
  • protein alone leads to harder flame retardant layers and results in stickier mixtures than when using whole egg.
  • Both sources of raw materials can be easily prepared as non-water-resistant coating and binder compositions by digestion with alkali metal hydroxides, during mixing a strong yellow formation occurs immediately, which can be reversed by means of temperature control to about 60-70 ° C in order to facilitate the processability.
  • Alkaline earth metal hydroxides result in water resistant and reactive compositions, and their handling in the preparation of the composition and its processing is more demanding.
  • a mixture of alkali metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal hydroxides and / or bicarbonates and / or ammonia has a property-optimizing effect with whole egg and protein and can be converted into corresponding formulations for processing and quality-optimized products.
  • two recipe examples follow that describe the modes of action and possibilities of using eggs as the source of the animal protein.
  • lump lime (at least 3 months old) 40-20.0% by weight
  • Such formulations are highly reactive, with gel formation and crosslinking starting within a few minutes.
  • the drying can be carried out simply at room temperature or else with thermal support, preferably with radiant heat.
  • the strength of the coating or the coating film is influenced by the heat of drying. At room temperature or thermally assisted drying up to 60 ° C stable and solid films and coatings were obtained. At drying and curing temperatures above 70 ° C, the flame retardancy remained, but the strength of the coating degraded with increasing drying temperature. It has proven advantageous to use a two-stage drying system in which, in a first step at room temperature or slightly thermally assisted (up to 60 ° C.), a complete drying system is used. continuous networking takes place and then the drying takes place without loss of quality at temperatures of up to 90-95 ° C.
  • Optional additives can be mixed in, for example, to optimize the appearance or the flame-retardant effect.
  • Paper was over the entire surface coated with the above whole egg / Ca (OH) 2 formulation with about 20-25 g / m 2 (dry substance) and dried at room temperature and cured. At a ratio of 80:20, this resulted in a clearly established, self-extinguishing and conditionally water-resistant product.
  • the coatings were chemically and mechanically anchored in the paper, which is thus permanently flame retardant.
  • a-i-i) quark about 1% fat 50.0% by weight
  • Step 1 The quark was digested with the swamp lime.
  • Step 2 The skin glue warmed to about 60-70 ° C was mixed with stirring into the digested quark mass and dispersed lump-free.
  • the processing of this composition must be done quickly because it is very reactive and sometimes gelled within an hour.
  • the pot life can be significantly extended by adding small amounts of water (eg 2-5%).
  • Paper and PET non-wovens (PET spunbonded fabric having 60 g / m 2 basis weight) were coated on both sides with the composition, resulting in stable and consolidated sheets.
  • the pyrolysis gases of the carriers burned under the action of flame, but the flame retardant products extinguished immediately upon settling of the flame.
  • the coating can be cured both at room temperature and thermally, preferably between 60 and 100 ° C, more preferably at about 65 ° C, cured and crosslinked. Temperatures above 100 ° C are possible for a short time, but then rapidly lead to the thermal degradation of the proteins, as shown by a corresponding yellow-brown color. The flame retardancy is not lost though.
  • the wettability is unusually high due to the amount of skin glue and additionally increases the adhesion to carriers or fillers.
  • Paper was coated with this composition and spun fleece and PU foam were impregnated. All products were dried at 65 ° C in a convection oven for 20 minutes and cured and immediately subjected to the fire test. All products so charred on the surface and extinguished immediately when the flame was removed.
  • the high protein content (animal and vegetable) of this composition causes the digestion with potassium hydroxide immediately increases the viscosity very strong and forms a tough, sticky mass.
  • the flame retardant effect is very pronounced due to the high protein content.
  • Step 1 Milk was predispersed with KOH and then soy flour was mixed in and dispersed.
  • Step 2 The digested milk-flour mass was brought to boiling temperature to completely digest the starch portions, and then cooled.
  • Step 3 The lime lime was mixed in and finely dispersed in the experiment in a bead mill.
  • thermal drying processes up to 130 ° C, preferably in the range 90-100 ° C, use. Temperatures above 130 ° C are possible for a short time. Then, however, there is a thermal degradation of the proteins, but without the flame retardancy is lost.
  • step 2 heating the batch to digest the starch portion
  • a- ⁇ ) milk about 1% fat content 60.0% by weight
  • Step 1 Milk was predispersed with KOH and then soy flour was mixed in and dispersed.
  • Step 2 The lime lime was mixed in and finely dispersed in a bead mill.
  • This composition after wetting and / or impregnating an open-celled carrier, requires a thermal process beyond 100 ° C to break up and crosslink the starch portion in the soybean meal during processing. It has its greatest economic advantages in those cases where materials undergo thermal drying processes in a processing process so that they only need to be equipped (coated, soaked, etc.) with the composition at room temperature, after which the composition is fully absorbed in the given process. concludes, reacts and finally hardens. The composition can not be stored for long and should be processed within a few days.
  • compositions from Example 5 and Example 6, can be used without problems as coating agents, as molding compounds and as binders.
  • Step 1 Quark and limestone lime were thoroughly mixed and completely digested to form the base binder.
  • Step 2 The bone ash was stirred in and finely dispersed by means of a dissolver stirring disc.
  • the viscosity of the composition was low after fine dispersion, i. it was almost fluid, allowing further adjuvants (e.g., aluminum hydroxide) or drugs to be easily mixed.
  • This mass can be used as a protective coating or as a flame retardant filling and binding agent. Paper and nonwoven fabrics that were coated or soaked with the mass were nonflammable and self-extinguishing.
  • EPS polystyrene foam
  • Re- granular (ie granulated recycled polystyrene ®) the above composition as a binder preferably in a ratio ranging from 50:50 to 90: 10 are mixed with the granules, since the flame retardant effect is sufficiently pronounced only from about 50% by weight binder content. At proportions of less than about 50% flame retardant binder processing to new products due to the high binding power of the formulation is still possible, but the flame retardancy is then in polystyrene foam products to advantage.
  • a volume ratio of up to 1: 100 may be present, so that a sufficient (weight) amount of flame retardant is needed to the surfaces of the Polystyrene granules throughout and completely wet and thus build up the effective flame retardant.
  • the flame retardant composition must have very high flame retardant properties in combustible foamed synthetic products having a closed cell structure. The effect can be intensified by foaming the protein-binder mass in order to reduce the volume differences and, ideally, to almost even out them. Foamed binders with flame retardancy have the additional advantage of better and more uniform dispersion and distribution with unequal volume of the individual components.
  • the flame retardant binder is mixed with the polystyrene foam granules, introduced into a shaping tool and compacted as desired and required.
  • the pre-reacted and already stable component can be removed and either dried in the air or, more efficiently, by means of thermally and technically optimized manufacturing processes with heating (to a maximum of 60 ° C) and cured.
  • Polyurethane foam is usually open-celled and offers up to a density of 80-100 kg / m 3 the advantage of being soaked and wetted with the composition throughout.
  • dipping methods are available, according to which the flame retardant excess can be pressed out in a second step if necessary.
  • Step 1 The milk was digested with NaOH solution and the cornmeal was mixed and dispersed.
  • Step 2 The milk-flour mass was brought to boiling temperature and completely digested.
  • Step 3 After cooling, the lime lime was mixed in and dispersed thoroughly (lump-free).
  • This approach is a high viscosity paste with thixotropic properties and can be stored for months at room temperature.
  • the composition cross-links, dries and hardens completely and rapidly only with thermal support.
  • polystyrene foam itself can hardly be thermally stressed and reaches the limits of its thermal capacity at contact heat even at approx. 65 ° C. At this temperature, shrinkage processes are first initiated in the material, and at even higher temperatures, the plastic melts.
  • the pulp fibers used here can either originate from softened and paperboard recycled waste paper from which the excess water was pressed out and which has a residual moisture content of about 60%, or pulp fibers having a fiber length of preferably not more than 5 mm softened with water and the excess water removed again by squeezing. Squeezing is critical to the effect and processability of making a homogeneous flame-retardant binder slurry.
  • Step 1 Quark and limestone lime were thoroughly mixed and completely disrupted.
  • Step 2 The digested binder mass was foamed, after which, with constant stirring, the wet pulp mass was mixed in small portions and thoroughly dispersed. As the concentration of the cellulosic substance increases, the foam was destroyed / dissolved and the mass turned into a thick and viscous slurry.
  • the moistened pulp mass can also be blended and homogenized in a suitable for fiber substances compulsory mixer without foaming process.
  • Reactive compositions should be dried cured and cross-linked in two stages. After the batch was mixed with all components and the part was shaped, the independent pre-crosslinking of the composition, which usually lasts for at least 60 minutes at room temperature, at least 10-15 minutes at 50-60 ° C., should be completed before using Thermal support at temperatures above 70 ° C, but preferably not above 130 ° C, the complete curing / drying and crosslinking takes place.
  • the cured product was a very compact, hard, nonflammable and water resistant article.
  • the present composition shows the best effect in cases where smooth or / and hard-to-bond surfaces of products (eg, straw, reeds, bamboo, etc.) prevent firm bonding.
  • products eg, straw, reeds, bamboo, etc.
  • the pulp flame retardant slurry had a relatively high drying shrinkage and caused by the swollen pulp more expensive drying processes. This effect can be reduced and optimized by reducing the water content, eg by adding fillers.
  • Step 1 The milk was digested with NaOH solution and the wheat bran blended.
  • Step 2 The milk-bran mass was heated to boiling temperature for about 2-3 minutes and thereby fully digested.
  • Step 3 After cooling, the lime lime was mixed in and dispersed thoroughly (lump-free).
  • This approach was compact and doughy, had sticky properties and was storable at room temperature for a longer time. It is outstandingly suitable as a light-weight fire protection filling system in a material mixture and has a similar mode of action as the composition described in Example 9.
  • This binder slurry with bran shrinks more in the drying process than other formulations and should preferably be combined with elastic components to avoid shrinkage cracks.
  • a combination with cork granules was prepared by mixing in a weight ratio 50% of the composition as a flame retardant binder with 50% cork granules with 2-3 mm grain size and from a plate of 3 mm thickness was produced. Manufacturing parameters: Shaping tool 300x200 mm, heated on both sides and set to 3 mm nominal thickness; Temperature 120 ° C; Compression of the filling compound 3: 1; Drying and curing time 4 minutes.
  • a- ⁇ milk about 1% fat 50.0% by weight
  • Step 1 The milk was digested with the NaOH solution, the breadcrumbs mixed in and thoroughly dispersed to a homogeneous mass.
  • Step 3 The lime lime was mixed in and dispersed thoroughly (lump-free).
  • a thermal exclusion is not required here, because due to the baking process, the starch components of the breadcrumbs are already open-minded.
  • This approach had only weak sticky properties and was storable for months at room temperature.
  • This composition results in hard and porous flame retardant products and fillers in a material mixture.
  • a combination with cork granules was prepared by mixing in a weight ratio of 50% of the composition as a flame retardant binder with 50% cork granules with 2-3 mm grain size and from a plate of 3 mm thickness was produced. Manufacturing parameters: Shaping tool 300x200 mm, heated on both sides and set to 3 mm nominal thickness; Temperature 120 ° C; Compression of the filling compound 3: 1; Drying and curing time 4 minutes.
  • Step 1 The milk was digested with NaOH solution and the chickpea flour was mixed.
  • Step 2 The milk-pea flour mass was heated to boiling temperature for about 2-3 minutes, so completely disrupted and then allowed to cool to about 35-40 ° C.
  • Step 3 After cooling, the lime lime was mixed in and dispersed thoroughly (lump-free). This approach had only slightly tacky properties and was storable at room temperature for a long time. This formulation is excellently suited as a filling fire-resistant binder in cases where very hard and stable end products are desired.
  • a combination with chopped straw (grain size about 10 mm) was prepared by mixing in a weight ratio of 50% of the composition as a flame retardant binder with 50% chopped straw and from a plate-shaped component with 3 mm thickness was produced.
  • Manufacturing parameters Shaping tool 300x200 mm, heated on both sides and set to 3 mm nominal thickness; Temperature 120 ° C; Compression of the filling compound 1: 1; Drying and curing time 5 minutes.
  • composition for producing stable flame retardant foams Composition for producing stable flame retardant foams
  • Step 1 The quark and the limestone lime were thoroughly mixed and opened up.
  • Step 2 The digested binder mass was foamed by rapid stirring, and after achieving the desired foam consistency, the pulp fibers were mixed in small portions with further stirring and then the Algi- natants mixed and thoroughly dispersed.
  • Step 3 The stone meal was mixed into the foam.
  • a base foam having a wet weight per liter of about 0.35-0.40 kg / l was obtained from components a) to c 2 ) using a household hand mixer.
  • With forced-ventilated industrial foam blenders, on the other hand, reproducible wet-weight weights of 0.10 kg / l were obtained.
  • the foam compositions produced in each case from components a) to c 2 ) were already permanently stable flame-retardant base foams, which were subsequently mixed with rock flour c 3 ) as filler.
  • Thermally assisted drying is generally more advantageous in such cases, but care must be taken to ensure that the foam continues to expand if the heat generation is too high.
  • the best drying conditions were previously found at temperatures of about 65-70 ° C with circulating air or with careful radiation energy. Radiation energy has the advantage over ventilated systems that the heat energy is transported continuously and in the medium from the inside to the outside, which significantly reduces skin formation and supports and accelerates the drying and curing process.
  • the final cured products in this example were hard, rigid, non-flammable foams with a density of 0.3 kg / L, which were flashed and cured as 5 mm thick plates at room temperature without additional drying technique; Drying and curing time: 2 days.
  • Flame retardant foam When used as a coating agent or binder, their larger surface area and the release of "fire-retardant inert gases" usually have a significantly greater flame retardancy than non-foamed products, but they are also “consumed” more quickly. In the case of permanent flame exposure, it may be decisive how concentrated and how long the flame-retardant active ingredients are available.
  • composition with vegetable protein for the production of flame retardant wood panels
  • the peculiarity of this formulation is that the chemical reaction and crosslinking of the protein binder takes place only in the thermal processing process (in closed forming tools), where the vegetable (here: cornmeal) components are digested under the influence of temperature and thereby react and crosslink indirectly with the alkaline reaction components. After the thermal reaction, it is only necessary to dry off the remaining amount of water in the mold.
  • the mixing ratios and concentrations of the constituents are an easy-to-understand formulation example that is variable and expandable in every form.
  • Step 1 A 20% cereal flour dispersion, obtained by mixing the flour in water, is added to lime lime with constant stirring and homogenized. The result is a sticky and viscous binder mass.
  • Step 2 This mass is mixed with magnesium carbonate powder, which further increases the viscosity and gives the binder.
  • Step 3 Pre-mix sawdust and wood flour and stir the binder.
  • a mixing unit with high shear forces is advantageous in order to completely dissolve any lumps formed and to ensure uniform wetting of the sawdust.
  • Step 4 The well mixed and dispersed batch is placed in a heated forming tool and squeezed with the desired compression ratio: the higher the compression ratio, the harder and more stable the final product. With tool temperatures of 130 to 160 ° C, 3 mm thick components could be completely cured within 3 to 5 minutes in the trials. Important is the tool design, as it should be ensured that the violent formation of water vapor in the curing process is not hindered or blocked. Aluminum tools can hardly be used without surface protection measures.
  • the blended batch can be pre-reacted and pre-dried.
  • various and known technologies are available to the person skilled in the art.
  • wood flour instead of or in addition to wood flour, other farinaceous, fibrous or granular constituents can also be added, which additionally increase the strength of the component and the flame retardant effect.

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EP12716181.8A 2011-01-19 2012-01-18 Utilisation de compositions à base de protéines pour produire des revêtements et des objets ignifuges Withdrawn EP2665781A1 (fr)

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US2880104A (en) * 1955-09-26 1959-03-31 United Gilsonite Lab Water reducible texture paint
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JPS5437135A (en) * 1977-08-30 1979-03-19 Hatsutarou Ogino Method of making waterrproof coating
ITBO950462A1 (it) * 1995-09-29 1997-03-29 Bernacchia Ida Pittura e relativo uso
GB2339785A (en) * 1998-06-26 2000-02-09 Michael Ellis Retroreflective PVC coatings
US20100233146A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2010-09-16 Reactive Surfaces, Ltd. Coatings and Surface Treatments Having Active Enzymes and Peptides
WO2006070960A1 (fr) * 2004-12-31 2006-07-06 Kyung Dong Ceratech Co., Ltd. Composite de recouvrement pour résistance au feu et absorption acoustique
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