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EP2651632B1 - Impregnated blade coating - Google Patents

Impregnated blade coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2651632B1
EP2651632B1 EP11787852.0A EP11787852A EP2651632B1 EP 2651632 B1 EP2651632 B1 EP 2651632B1 EP 11787852 A EP11787852 A EP 11787852A EP 2651632 B1 EP2651632 B1 EP 2651632B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
blade according
blade
polymer
oxide
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP11787852.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2651632A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen ANGERLER
Alexander Etschmaier
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Publication of EP2651632A1 publication Critical patent/EP2651632A1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G3/00—Doctors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/12—Crêping
    • B31F1/14—Crêping by doctor blades arranged crosswise to the web
    • B31F1/145—Blade constructions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G3/00—Doctors
    • D21G3/005—Doctor knifes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/08—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
    • D21H25/10—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with blades
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to blades for papermaking machines and, more particularly, to the formation of blades for use in creping or scraping a paper web.
  • the nonwoven web produced in the papermaking process In order to produce the surface properties required for the particular application of a type of paper, the nonwoven web produced in the papermaking process, the so-called raw paper web, generally has to be subjected to a separate treatment. For this purpose, high-quality paper grades are deleted, hygiene papers are creped.
  • the creping process produces paper types with surface textures.
  • a blade usually referred to as a creping doctor
  • a creping doctor with its working edge is applied to the surface of a drying cylinder or Yankee cylinder (steam-heated cylinder, usually several meters in diameter), which separates the paper web from the cylinder.
  • the creping doctor has a run-on surface arranged close to its working edge, on which the paper web is jammed upon impact and thereby structured.
  • the paper web surface is painted on this usually pasty line layer of pigments, binders and excipients.
  • the coating of the paper web can be done in a separate operation, but is usually integrated into the papermaking process by incorporating a coating into the paper machine. Smooth paper surfaces come with a Coating achieved in which the coating composition is applied to the paper and the excess mass is then removed with a blade. By the pressure exerted by the blade, referred to as a doctor blade, on the coating mass, the depressions of the paper surface are filled with the coating composition, thus achieving a uniform surface of the coated paper.
  • creping scrapers and doctor blades are therefore usually provided with a coating which has a higher wear resistance or lower wear rate than the base material of the blade.
  • Such coatings are usually made of an abrasion resistant material using metal oxides or cemented carbides in which a metal carbide is embedded in a cobalt, nickel or iron matrix.
  • thermal spraying techniques are used, wherein the coating material is often applied in several strokes. Each of the strokes applies a thin layer of coating material to the base material of the blade or to the coating layer applied last thereon.
  • the application of the coating in several thin layers ensures that the components of the coating material can not segregate during the construction of the coating.
  • a macroscopically homogeneous coating can thus be produced on the basis of the chemical and physical identity of the individual layers.
  • a squeegee in particular for doctoring ink from a surface of a printing forme and / or for use as a paper doctor blade, comprises a flat and elongated base body having a working edge region formed in a longitudinal direction, at least the working edge region having a first coating on the base a nickel-phosphorus alloy is coated.
  • Monocrystalline and / or polycrystalline diamond particles are dispersed in the first coating, with a particle size of the diamond particles measuring at least 5 nm and less than 50 nm.
  • the coating is designed to extend the life of the squeegee while ensuring that the coating is evenly painted.
  • the nonwoven web handling blade comprises a base body and a coating covering at least a portion of the surface of the body, the coating forming at least the portion of the blade surface intended to contact the nonwoven web and the coating at the contact surface has an open-pore material whose pores are at least partially filled with a polymer.
  • a blade according to this embodiment has good sliding properties and a dirt-repellent effect on the contact surface provided for contact with a product guided along it. These properties reduce the forces on the coating, thereby increasing the life of the coating and reducing the risk of damage to the coating during use of the blade.
  • the dirt repellent effect of the contact surface prevents the attachment of particles and contaminants at and near the coating surface in contact with the paper web, thus improving the quality of the paper produced.
  • the polymer comprises an epoxy resin, since this wets well the open-cell coating material in the non-crosslinked or partially crosslinked state and thereby can penetrate deep into the pores of the coating.
  • the polymer advantageously comprises a silicone-polyester resin, as this combines very good non-stick and thus sliding properties with excellent dirt-repellent effect.
  • fillers may be embedded in the polymer, the fillers of preferred embodiments thereof containing polyfluoroethylene (PFE) and in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the fillers are present in the form of particles and in particular in the form of particles with mean diameters in the range of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m .
  • the polymer may also be formed directly from polyfluoroethylene and in particular polytetrafluoroethylene or from a polymer comprising such a substance.
  • polytetrafluoroethylene particles having sizes from the range are preferred slurried from about 50 to 100 nm and introduced the resulting dispersion in the pores, for example by means of an immersion bath, by spraying or by applying with a brush or other coating device.
  • a polymer is used which is in the form of particles having a size distribution in which at least 65 percent of the particles have one or more sizes from the range of 50 to 100 nm.
  • the open-pored base material of the coating is formed in embodiments of an oxide ceramic or a mixture of two or more oxide ceramics.
  • Other embodiments include an open-pore coating base material comprising one or more oxide ceramics.
  • the oxide ceramics in preferred embodiments, are selected from alumina, zirconia, magnesia, chromium (III) oxide, yttria, and titanates, which combine good mechanical resistance with high abrasion resistance and can be applied to the blade main body by modern high speed injection techniques such as HVOF .
  • the open cell material of the coating comprises a cemented carbide which also combines good mechanical resistance with high abrasion resistance and can be effectively and economically applied to the blade body with modern high speed injection molding techniques.
  • the porosity of the coating base material is preferably between 2 and 10 percent, these values representing the area proportions of the pores in a cross-section passing through the material.
  • the average pore diameter of the coating base material in embodiments has a value in the range of 5 to 15 ⁇ m .
  • an adhesive layer is arranged between these in embodiments.
  • a blade as indicated above is designed as a creping doctor with a working edge and a shoulder surface or as a doctor blade.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through the front portion of a provided with a coating 12 Kreppschabers 10.
  • the creping blade 10 has a molded example of steel base body 11, on which a coating 12 is applied.
  • the coating 12 occupies at least the portion of the creping doctor 10 which comes into contact with the dry or Yankee cylinder and the nonwoven web of the paper web.
  • an intermediate layer 13 may be provided between the coating 12 and the Base 11 between the coating 12 and the Base 11 .
  • the working edge with which the creping doctor rests against the drying or Yankee cylinder adjoins the run-on surface on which the paper web impinges. Bake surface and working edge 14 are formed on the coating 12.
  • the coating 12 has two components, a coating matrix or coating carrier layer formed by a coating base material, in which the smallest cavities 17 are formed, and one in the cavities 17 the coating matrix arranged polymer.
  • the density of the cavities is approximately constant in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the cavities are formed when the coating material is applied to the base body 11 or to the adhesion promoter layer 13 and are called pores.
  • the density of the pores 17 does not have to be approximately constant as shown, but may change from the surface of the coating in the direction of the main body, for example in order to promote rapid shrinkage of the creping doctor 10.
  • the coating matrix has an open-pore design, the term "open-pored” meaning that cavities located deeper in the matrix are connected to cavities located on the surface of the coating.
  • the coating 12 has a porosity in the range from about 2 to 10 percent, these values, as already mentioned above, representing the area proportions of the pores in a cross-section passing through the material.
  • the coating base material is first applied to the base body 11 or, if an adhesion promoter is used, applied to the adhesion promoter layer 13 previously applied eg to the base body 11 using a thermal spraying method.
  • the selection of suitable materials for the formation of the primer layer depends both on the material used to form the body, as well as the particular coating base material used. If the main body 11 on the surface to be coated, for example made of steel, then the material for the primer layer may be selected from aluminum, nickel, chromium and alloys thereof, such as AlNi or NiCr in the coating materials listed below.
  • a thermal spraying method is preferably used for application of the coating base material.
  • the spray coating is preferably carried out in several strokes, for example with 10 to 100 strokes. Each stroke generates a thin layer of the coating material, wherein the first layer is sprayed directly onto the surface of the main body 11 or the adhesive layer previously applied thereto, and further layers are sprayed onto the respectively previously applied layer.
  • the physical homogeneity or, conversely, the porosity of the individual layers can be adjusted via the parameters of the method used.
  • HVOF High Velocity Oxygen Fuel
  • the porosity can be adjusted by the ratio of fuel to oxygen and the rate of delivery of the powder material used for film formation. By changing the parameters from layer to layer, the porosity can be changed over the layer depth in the above-mentioned ranges.
  • hard metal powders with about 8-10% cobalt and tungsten monocarbide as hard material are suitable as the coating base material.
  • ceramic coatings are preferably powder oxide ceramic materials such. Alumina, zirconia, magnesia, crom (III) oxide, yttria and titanates.
  • the filling of pores in this document means the introduction of material into the pores, wherein the introduced material does not have to completely fill the respective pore volume, but can.
  • the introduced material can be applied to the pore walls, but it can also be arranged completely or partially detached from the pore walls in the pore volume.
  • Suitable polymers are thermosets and thermoplastics, which can be prepared on the basis of one-component and two-component systems. Particularly suitable are thermosets whose decomposition temperature is so far above the operating temperature of the blade coating that the thermoset behaves elastically. In an analogous manner, thermoplastics whose glass transition temperature is so far above the operating temperature of the blade coating, that when using the blade impregnated with the polymer no disturbing softening of the polymer can occur. As a rough guideline for the minimum difference between operating temperature and decomposition or glass transition temperature 20 ° C can be specified. Operating temperature is understood to mean the operating temperature of the blade coating during the intended use of the blade.
  • Particularly suitable polymers are epoxy resins and epoxy resins with filler particles embedded therein, for example of a polyfluoroethylene (PFE) and in particular of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PFE polyfluoroethylene
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • epoxy resin shows a good wetting of the coating base material in the non-crosslinked or partially crosslinked state, it can, for example, assisted by capillary action, penetrate deep into its open pores and fill them.
  • the viscosity of the epoxy resin can be reduced by the addition of solvents, such as alcohols or ketones, to adjust the penetration depth of the polymer to the thickness of the coating.
  • the impregnation process i. the introduction of the material into the pores of the blade coating can be done using a dip bath; by spraying, or by means of painting tools such. B. brushing or filling.
  • a creping blade 10 is m thick NiAl 5 -Haftvermittler für 13 applied to a surface area of a shaped steel base body 11 using a thermal spray process an approximately 50 ⁇ .
  • a Cr 2 O 3 ceramic is subsequently applied to the free surface of the adhesion promoter layer 13 by means of a plasma spraying process, for example the above-mentioned HVOF process.
  • the Cr 2 O 3 powder used for the application preferably has a particle size distribution in which the grain size, which is not exceeded by 90% of the hard grains, is at least twice as large and preferably at least three times as large as the grain size, that of 10 % of the grains of hard material is not fallen below, in particular, a particle size distribution of 15/45 in which 90% of the powder grains is not larger than 45 ⁇ m and 10% of the powder grains is not less than 15 ⁇ m is preferred.
  • the thickness of the applied Cr 2 O 3 layer is according to embodiments about 300 ⁇ m, the porosity of the layer about 2 to 3%, wherein the average pore diameter in the range of about 5 to 15 ⁇ m are. Pore diameter here is to be understood as meaning the diameter of a circle whose surface area corresponds to the pore cross-section at the respective location.
  • the hardness of a Cr 2 O 3 coating layer produced in this way can be given as approximately 1150 HV0.3 (Vickers hardness in HV).
  • a filling material is introduced into its pores 17.
  • the filler is composed of a mixed with isobutanol silicone polyester resin containing PTFE particles with average sizes of 0.1 to 5 microns .
  • the proportions of the silicone-polyester resin in the filler are between 40 and 70% by weight, that of the isobutanol between 10 and 60% by weight and that of the PTFE particles between 2 and 20% by weight.
  • a likewise preferred embodiment differs from the one described above in the choice of filling material.
  • the filling material of this embodiment consists of a mixture of epoxy resin and isobutanol containing PTFE particles with average diameters of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m .
  • the proportions of the epoxy resin on the filler material are again between 40 and 70% by weight, that of the isobutanol between 10 and 60% by weight and that of the PTFE particles between 2 and 20% by weight.
  • the depth to which the filler penetrates into the coating matrix 16 is influenced by the viscosity of the filler and the temperature of the coating matrix during the filling process. At high solvent contents, the viscosity of the filling material is low, whereby the pores can be filled to great depths. By heating the Coating matrix during filling, the maximum penetration depth of the filling material can be further increased provided that the temperature is sufficiently below the crosslinking temperature. Penetration temperatures from the range of about 70 to about 90 ° C, and preferably about 80 ° C are suitable for the above Golfmaterialsysteme, which at the above mean pore diameters of about 5 to 15 ⁇ m penetration depths of about 800 to about 1000 ⁇ m can be achieved.
  • the filling material After the introduction of the filling material into the pores of the coating matrix 12, it is preferably thermally crosslinked, whereby the impregnation of the coating matrix 16 is completed. Finally, the free surface of the impregnated coating 12 is honed to create a smooth ramp surface and a smooth working edge. With such a regrind, usually about 50 ⁇ m of coating material are removed.
  • the described sequence of impregnation and fine grinding is not mandatory and may possibly also be carried out reversed.
  • non-woven fabric and dry or Yankee cylinders with little friction can slide along the respective contact surfaces of the creping doctor.
  • the increased lubricity of the contact surfaces reduces the abrasion of the coating.
  • the contact surfaces are provided with a dirt-repelling effect by the polymer layer, which reduces damage to the coating by particles and impurities entrained by the non-woven fabric or the Yankee cylinder and thus improves the quality of the creped paper.
  • FIG. 2 Figure 14 shows a cross-section through the front portion of a doctor blade 20 provided with a coating 22.
  • the doctor blade comprises a base body 21, which may be formed of steel, for example, and a coating 22 and an adhesion-promoting layer 23 disposed between the two in some embodiments 22 occupies at least the part of the doctor blade 20, which comes into contact with the nonwoven fabric of the paper web or a sheeting applied thereto.
  • the doctor blade 20 has a chamfer, commonly referred to as wate.
  • the coating 22 covers the main body 21, as illustrated in the figure, also in the area of the wate.
  • the coating structure of the doctor blade corresponds to that of the creping doctor, i. H.
  • the coating consists of a porous coating matrix as described above, the pores of which are at least partially filled with a polymer as likewise mentioned above.
  • the contact surface of the coating to the paper web has an improved lubricity and dirt-repellent effect, thus reducing the likelihood of damage to the coating resulting in microlining manifesting on the coated paper in the form of linear irregularities can.
  • the more lubricious and dirt-repellent coating surface reduces the use of the doctor blade less dirt and line material on the opposite side of the paper, whereby the risk of wet and dry overcooking and the formation of a beard at the blade tip is significantly reduced.
  • Blades according to the invention described have improved abrasion resistance due to the better sliding properties on the coating surface than blades with not suitably impregnated coatings.
  • the impregnation also reduces the likelihood of damage to the coating during operation and, due to its stain-resistant effect, improves the quality of a paper web processed with the blade.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Klingen für Maschinen zur Papierherstellung und bezieht sich im Besonderen auf die Ausbildung von Klingen zur Verwendung beim Kreppen oder Streichen einer Papierbahn.The invention relates to blades for papermaking machines and, more particularly, to the formation of blades for use in creping or scraping a paper web.

Um die für den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck einer Papiersorte erforderlichen Oberflächeneigenschaften zu erzeugen, muss die im Papierherstellungsprozess produzierte Faservliesbahn, die sogenannte Rohpapierbahn, in der Regel einer gesonderten Behandlung unterzogen werden. Hochwertige Papiersorten werden hierzu gestrichen, Hygienepapiere gekreppt.In order to produce the surface properties required for the particular application of a type of paper, the nonwoven web produced in the papermaking process, the so-called raw paper web, generally has to be subjected to a separate treatment. For this purpose, high-quality paper grades are deleted, hygiene papers are creped.

Mit dem Kreppverfahren werden Papiersorten mit Oberflächenstrukturen erzeugt. Hierzu wird eine üblicherweise als Kreppschaber bezeichnete Klinge mit ihrer Arbeitskante an die Oberfläche eines Trockenzylinders oder Yankeezylinders (dampfbeheizter Zylinder von meist mehreren Metern Durchmesser) angelegt, die die Papierbahn von dem Zylinder ablöst. Zum Erzeugen der Oberflächenstruktur weist der Kreppschaber eine nahe seiner Arbeitskante angeordnete Auflauffläche auf, auf der die Papierbahn beim Aufprallen gestaut und hierdurch strukturiert wird.The creping process produces paper types with surface textures. For this purpose, a blade, usually referred to as a creping doctor, with its working edge is applied to the surface of a drying cylinder or Yankee cylinder (steam-heated cylinder, usually several meters in diameter), which separates the paper web from the cylinder. To produce the surface structure, the creping doctor has a run-on surface arranged close to its working edge, on which the paper web is jammed upon impact and thereby structured.

Zum Glätten der Papierbahnoberfläche wird auf diese eine meist pastenförmige Strichlage aus Pigmenten, Bindemitteln und Hilfsstoffen aufgestrichen. Das Streichen der Papierbahn kann in einem gesonderten Arbeitsgang erfolgen, wird üblicherweise jedoch in den Papierherstellungsprozess durch Einbindung eines Streichwerks in die Papiermaschine integriert. Glatte Papieroberflächen werden mit einem Streichverfahren erzielt, bei dem die Strichmasse auf das Papier aufgebracht und die überschüssige Masse anschließend mit einer Klinge abgenommen wird. Durch den von der als Streichmesser bezeichneten Klinge auf die Strichmasse ausgeübten Druck werden die Vertiefungen der Papieroberfläche mit der Strichmasse aufgefüllt und so eine gleichmäßige Oberfläche des gestrichenen Papiers erzielt.To smooth the paper web surface is painted on this usually pasty line layer of pigments, binders and excipients. The coating of the paper web can be done in a separate operation, but is usually integrated into the papermaking process by incorporating a coating into the paper machine. Smooth paper surfaces come with a Coating achieved in which the coating composition is applied to the paper and the excess mass is then removed with a blade. By the pressure exerted by the blade, referred to as a doctor blade, on the coating mass, the depressions of the paper surface are filled with the coating composition, thus achieving a uniform surface of the coated paper.

Da bei beiden Verfahren starke Kräfte auf die Klingen einwirken, werden an deren mechanische Beständigkeit und Abriebfestigkeit hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Im Bereich der belasteten Stellen werden Kreppschaber und Streichmesser daher üblicherweise mit einer Beschichtung versehen, die eine höhere Verschleißfestigkeit bzw. geringere Verschleißrate aufweist als das Grundmaterial der Klinge. Solche Beschichtungen werden zumeist aus- einem abriebfesten Material unter Verwendung von Metalloxiden oder Hartmetallen, bei denen ein Metallcarbid in einer Cobalt-, Nickel- oder Eisenmatrix eingebettet ist, gefertigt. Zum Aufbringen von physikalisch wie chemisch möglichst homogenen Beschichtungen werden vorzugsweise thermische Spritztechniken verwendet, wobei das Beschichtungsmaterial häufig in mehreren Hüben aufgebracht wird. Jeder der Hübe bringt eine dünne Lage Beschichtungsmaterial auf das Grundmaterial der Klinge bzw. auf die zuletzt darauf aufgebrachte Beschichtungslage auf. Das Auftragen der Beschichtung in mehreren dünnen Lagen stellt dabei sicher, dass sich die Komponenten des Beschichtungsmaterials beim Aufbau der Beschichtung nicht entmischen können. Bei Beibehalten der Beschichtungsparameter kann so aufgrund der chemischen wie physikalischen Identität der einzelnen Lagen eine makroskopisch homogene Beschichtung erzeugt werden.Since strong forces act on the blades in both processes, high demands are placed on their mechanical resistance and abrasion resistance. In the area of the loaded areas, creping scrapers and doctor blades are therefore usually provided with a coating which has a higher wear resistance or lower wear rate than the base material of the blade. Such coatings are usually made of an abrasion resistant material using metal oxides or cemented carbides in which a metal carbide is embedded in a cobalt, nickel or iron matrix. To apply physically and chemically as homogeneous as possible coatings preferably thermal spraying techniques are used, wherein the coating material is often applied in several strokes. Each of the strokes applies a thin layer of coating material to the base material of the blade or to the coating layer applied last thereon. The application of the coating in several thin layers ensures that the components of the coating material can not segregate during the construction of the coating. By maintaining the coating parameters, a macroscopically homogeneous coating can thus be produced on the basis of the chemical and physical identity of the individual layers.

Dennoch erlaubt das Verschleißverhalten dieser Beschichtungen unter den im Betrieb vorherrschenden Bedingungen keine langen Standzeiten, so dass Kreppschaber und Streichmesser zum Aufrechterhalten der Papierqualität noch immer in sehr kurzen Intervallen gewechselt werden müssen. Partikel und Verunreinigungen an und innerhalb der Papierbahnen führen darüber hinaus zu lokalen Belastungsspitzen an den Klingen, die an den Klingenbeschichtungen regelmäßig Beschädigungen hervorrufen, wodurch die Qualität des erzeugten Papiers gemindert wird.Nevertheless, the wear behavior of these coatings allows for the prevailing during operation Conditions do not require a long service life, so that creping doctor and doctor blade to maintain the paper quality still need to be changed in very short intervals. Particles and contaminants on and within the paper webs also result in localized load peaks on the blades, which regularly cause damage to the blade coatings, thereby reducing the quality of the paper produced.

Aus der WO 2010/040236 A1 geht eine Rakel, insbesondere zum Abrakeln von Druckfarbe von einer Oberfläche einer Druckform und/oder zur Verwendung als Papierstreichmesser hervor, welche einen flachen und länglichen Grundkörper mit einem in einer longitudinalen Richtung ausgebildeten Arbeitskantenbereich umfasst, wobei wenigstens der Arbeitskantenbereich mit einer ersten Beschichtung auf der Basis einer Nickel-Phosphor-Legierung überzogen ist. In der ersten Beschichtung sind monokristalline und/oder polykristalline Diamantpartikel dispergiert, wobei eine Partikelgröße der Diamantpartikel wenigstens 5 nm und weniger als 50 nm misst. Die Beschichtung soll die Standzeit der Rakel verlängern und gleichzeitig gewährleisten, dass die Streichfarbe gleichmäßig abgestrichen wird.From the WO 2010/040236 A1 For example, a squeegee, in particular for doctoring ink from a surface of a printing forme and / or for use as a paper doctor blade, comprises a flat and elongated base body having a working edge region formed in a longitudinal direction, at least the working edge region having a first coating on the base a nickel-phosphorus alloy is coated. Monocrystalline and / or polycrystalline diamond particles are dispersed in the first coating, with a particle size of the diamond particles measuring at least 5 nm and less than 50 nm. The coating is designed to extend the life of the squeegee while ensuring that the coating is evenly painted.

Es ist daher wünschenswert, eine Klingenbeschichtung für Kreppschaber und Streichmesser anzugeben, die eine verbesserte Verschleißbeständigkeit aufweist.It is therefore desirable to provide a blade coating for creping scrapers and doctor blades having improved wear resistance.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist die Klinge zur Behandlung von Faservliesbahnen einen Grundkörper und eine, zumindest einen Teil der Oberfläche des Grundkörpers bedeckende, Beschichtung auf, wobei die Beschichtung wenigstens den Teil der Klingenoberfläche ausbildet, der zum Kontakt mit der Faservliesbahn vorgesehen ist, und wobei die Beschichtung an der Kontaktoberfläche ein offenporiges Material aufweist, dessen Poren wenigstens teilweise mit einem Polymer verfüllt sind.According to one embodiment, the nonwoven web handling blade comprises a base body and a coating covering at least a portion of the surface of the body, the coating forming at least the portion of the blade surface intended to contact the nonwoven web and the coating at the contact surface has an open-pore material whose pores are at least partially filled with a polymer.

Eine Klinge gemäß dieser Ausführungsform weist an der zum Kontakt mit einem an ihr entlanggeführten Gegenstand vorgesehenen Kontaktfläche gute Gleiteigenschaften und eine schmutzabweisende Wirkung aus. Diese Eigenschaften verringern die auf die Beschichtung einwirkenden Kräfte, wodurch die Standzeit der Beschichtung verlänger und die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Beschichtung während des Einsatzes der Klinge verringert wird. Die schmutzabweisende Wirkung der Kontaktfläche verhindert die Anlagerung von Partikeln und Verunreinigungen an und nahe der mit der Papierbahn in Kontakt stehenden Beschichtungsoberfläche und verbessert so die produzierte Papierqualität.A blade according to this embodiment has good sliding properties and a dirt-repellent effect on the contact surface provided for contact with a product guided along it. These properties reduce the forces on the coating, thereby increasing the life of the coating and reducing the risk of damage to the coating during use of the blade. The dirt repellent effect of the contact surface prevents the attachment of particles and contaminants at and near the coating surface in contact with the paper web, thus improving the quality of the paper produced.

Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die in dieser Beschreibung und den Ansprüchen zur Aufzählung von Merkmalen verwendeten Begriffe wie "umfassen", "aufweisen", "beinhalten", "enthalten" und "mit", sowie deren grammatikalische Abwandlungen, generell als nichtabschließende Aufzählung von Merkmalen, wie z. B. Verfahrensschritten, Einrichtungen, Bereichen, Größen und dergleichen aufzufassen sind, und in keiner Weise das Vorhandensein anderer oder zusätzlicher Merkmale oder Gruppierungen von anderen oder zusätzlichen Merkmalen ausschließen.It should be understood that the terms used in this specification and the claims for listing features include "comprise," "comprise," "include," "contain," and "with," as well as their grammatical modifications, generally non-exhaustive of Characteristics, such. Process steps, facilities, areas, sizes and the like, and in no way preclude the presence of other or additional features or groupings of other or additional features.

Bei Ausführungsformen umfasst das Polymer ein Epoxidharz, da dieses das offenporige Beschichtungsmaterial im nichtvernetzten bzw. teilvernetzten Zustand gut benetzt und dadurch tief in die Poren der Beschichtung eindringen kann. Bei weiteren Ausführungsformen umfasst das Polymer vorteilhaft ein Silicon-Polyesterharz, da dieses sehr gute Antihaft- und damit Gleiteigenschaften mit ausgezeichneter schmutzabweisender Wirkung verbindet. Zur Verbesserung der gleit- und schmutzabweisenden Eigenschaften der Kontaktoberfläche der Beschichtung können in dem Polymer Füllstoffe eingebettet sein, wobei die Füllstoffe von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen hiervon Polyfluorethylen (PFE) und insbesondere Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) enthalten. Bei vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen liegen die Füllstoffe in Form von Partikeln und insbesondere in Form von Partikeln mit mittleren Durchmessern aus dem Bereich von 0,1 bis 5 µm vor. Statt von einem Epoxidharz oder Silicon-Polyesterharz mit PFE bzw. PTFE aufweisenden Füllstoffen kann das Polymer auch direkt von Polyfluorethylen und insbesondere Polytetrafluorethylen gebildet sein oder von einem Polymer, das einen solchen Stoff umfasst. Zum Einbringen von Polytetrafluorethylen in die Poren der Beschichtung werden vorzugsweise Polytetrafluorethylenpartikel mit Größen aus dem Bereich von etwa 50 bis 100 nm aufgeschlämmt und die so erhaltene Dispersion in die Poren eingebracht, beispielsweise mithilfe eines Tauchbads, durch Aufspritzen oder durch Auftragen mit einem Pinsel oder einem anderen Streichgerät. Vorzugsweise wird hierzu ein Polymer verwendet, dass in Form von Partikeln mit einer Größenverteilung vorliegt, bei der wenigstens 65 Prozent der Partikel eine oder mehrere Größen aus dem Bereich von 50 bis 100 nm aufweisen.In embodiments, the polymer comprises an epoxy resin, since this wets well the open-cell coating material in the non-crosslinked or partially crosslinked state and thereby can penetrate deep into the pores of the coating. In further embodiments, the polymer advantageously comprises a silicone-polyester resin, as this combines very good non-stick and thus sliding properties with excellent dirt-repellent effect. In order to improve the sliding and dirt-repellent properties of the contact surface of the coating, fillers may be embedded in the polymer, the fillers of preferred embodiments thereof containing polyfluoroethylene (PFE) and in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In advantageous embodiments, the fillers are present in the form of particles and in particular in the form of particles with mean diameters in the range of 0.1 to 5 μm . Instead of an epoxy resin or silicone-polyester resin with PFE or PTFE-containing fillers, the polymer may also be formed directly from polyfluoroethylene and in particular polytetrafluoroethylene or from a polymer comprising such a substance. For introducing polytetrafluoroethylene into the pores of the coating, polytetrafluoroethylene particles having sizes from the range are preferred slurried from about 50 to 100 nm and introduced the resulting dispersion in the pores, for example by means of an immersion bath, by spraying or by applying with a brush or other coating device. Preferably, for this purpose, a polymer is used which is in the form of particles having a size distribution in which at least 65 percent of the particles have one or more sizes from the range of 50 to 100 nm.

Das offenporige Grundmaterial der Beschichtung ist bei Ausführungsformen von einer Oxidkeramik oder von einer Mischung von zwei oder mehreren Oxidkeramiken gebildet. Weitere Ausführungsformen weisen ein offenporiges Beschichtungsgrundmaterial auf, das eine oder mehrere Oxidkeramiken umfasst. Die Oxidkeramiken sind bei bevorzugten Ausführungsformen unter Aluminiumoxid, Zirconiumdioxid, Magnesiumoxid Chrom(III)-oxid, Yttriumoxid und Titanaten ausgewählt, die eine gute mechanische Beständigkeit mit hoher Abriebfestigkeit verbinden und mit modernen Hochgeschwindigkeits-Spritzverfahren wie beispielsweise HVOF auf den Grundkörper der Klinge aufgetragen werden können. Bei weiteren Ausführungsformen umfasst das offenporige Material der Beschichtung ein Hartmetall, das ebenfalls eine gute mechanische Beständigkeit mit hoher Abriebfestigkeit verbinden und mit modernen Hochgeschwindigkeits-Spritzverfahren effektiv, und ökonomisch auf den Klingengrundkörper aufgebracht werden kann. Die Porosität des Beschichtungsgrundmaterials beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 10 Prozent, wobei diese Werte die Flächenanteile der Poren in einem das Material durchsetzenden Querschliff wiedergeben. Der mittlere Porendurchmesser des Beschichtungsgrundmaterials weist bei Ausführungsformen einen Wert aus dem Bereich von 5 bis 15 µm auf. Zur Verbesserung der Haftung der Beschichtung auf dem Klingengrundkörper ist bei Ausführungsformen eine Haftschicht zwischen diesen angeordnet.The open-pored base material of the coating is formed in embodiments of an oxide ceramic or a mixture of two or more oxide ceramics. Other embodiments include an open-pore coating base material comprising one or more oxide ceramics. The oxide ceramics, in preferred embodiments, are selected from alumina, zirconia, magnesia, chromium (III) oxide, yttria, and titanates, which combine good mechanical resistance with high abrasion resistance and can be applied to the blade main body by modern high speed injection techniques such as HVOF , In further embodiments, the open cell material of the coating comprises a cemented carbide which also combines good mechanical resistance with high abrasion resistance and can be effectively and economically applied to the blade body with modern high speed injection molding techniques. The porosity of the coating base material is preferably between 2 and 10 percent, these values representing the area proportions of the pores in a cross-section passing through the material. The average pore diameter of the coating base material in embodiments has a value in the range of 5 to 15 μm . In order to improve the adhesion of the coating on the blade main body, an adhesive layer is arranged between these in embodiments.

Bevorzugt ist eine wie zuvor angegebene Klinge als Kreppschaber mit einer Arbeitskante und einer Auflauffläche oder als Streichmesser ausgebildet.Preferably, a blade as indicated above is designed as a creping doctor with a working edge and a shoulder surface or as a doctor blade.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit den Ansprüchen sowie den Figuren. Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Erfindung nicht auf die Ausführungsformen der beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, sondern durch den Umfang der beiliegenden Patentansprüche bestimmt ist. Insbesondere können die einzelnen Merkmale bei erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen in unterschiedlicher Anzahl und Kombination als bei den untenstehend angeführten Beispielen verwirklicht sein. Bei der nachfolgenden Erläuterung einiger Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung wird auf die beiliegenden Figuren Bezug genommen, von denen

Figur 1
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einen Kreppschaber im Bereich um die Arbeitskante zeigt, und
Figur 2
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch ein Streichmesser im Bereich um dessen Wate zeigt.
Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the claims and the figures. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of the described embodiments, but is determined by the scope of the appended claims. In particular, the individual features in embodiments according to the invention can be realized in different numbers and combinations than in the examples given below. In the following explanation of some embodiments of the invention reference is made to the accompanying figures, of which
FIG. 1
shows a schematic cross section through a creping doctor in the area around the working edge, and
FIG. 2
shows a schematic cross section through a doctor blade in the area around the Wate shows.

Die schematische Darstellung von Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den vorderen Bereich eines mit einer Beschichtung 12 versehenen Kreppschabers 10. Der Kreppschaber 10 weist einen beispielsweise aus Stahl geformten Grundkörper 11 auf, auf dem eine Beschichtung 12 aufgebracht ist. Die Beschichtung 12 nimmt wenigstens den Teil des Kreppschabers 10 ein, der mit dem Trocken- oder Yankeezylinder und dem Faservlies der Papierbahn in Berührung kommt. Zur besseren Haftung kann, wie in Figur 1 veranschaulicht ist, zwischen der Beschichtung 12 und dem Grundkörper 11 eine Zwischenschicht 13 vorgesehen sein. Die Arbeitskante, mit der der Kreppschaber am Trocken- bzw. Yankeezylinder anliegt, schließt an die Auflauffläche an, auf die die Papierbahn aufprallt. Auflauffläche und Arbeitskante 14 sind an der Beschichtung 12 ausgebildet.The schematic representation of FIG. 1 shows a cross section through the front portion of a provided with a coating 12 Kreppschabers 10. The creping blade 10 has a molded example of steel base body 11, on which a coating 12 is applied. The coating 12 occupies at least the portion of the creping doctor 10 which comes into contact with the dry or Yankee cylinder and the nonwoven web of the paper web. For better adhesion, as in FIG. 1 is illustrated, between the coating 12 and the Base 11 an intermediate layer 13 may be provided. The working edge with which the creping doctor rests against the drying or Yankee cylinder adjoins the run-on surface on which the paper web impinges. Bake surface and working edge 14 are formed on the coating 12.

Wie der schematischen Detaildarstellung A der Beschichtung 12 im Bereich der Arbeitskante 14 zu entnehmen ist, weist die Beschichtung 12 zwei Komponenten auf, eine von einem Beschichtungsgrundmaterial gebildete Beschichtungsmatrix bzw. Beschichtungsträgerschicht, in der kleinste Hohlräume 17. ausgebildet sind, und ein in den Hohlräumen 17 der Beschichtungsmatrix angeordnetes Polymer. Die Dichte der Hohlräume ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in etwa konstant. Die Hohlräume entstehen beim Aufbringen des Beschichtungsmaterials auf den Grundkörper 11 bzw. auf die Haftvermittlerschicht 13 und werden Poren genannt. Die Dichte der Poren 17 muss nicht wie dargestellt in etwa konstant sein, sondern kann sich von der Oberfläche der Beschichtung in Richtung zum Grundkörper verändern, beispielsweise um ein schnelles Einlaufen des Kreppschabers 10 zu begünstigen. Die Beschichtungsmatrix ist offenporig ausgeführt, wobei unter dem Begriff "offenporig" zu verstehen ist, dass tiefer in der Matrix gelegene Hohlräume mit an der Oberfläche der Beschichtung gelegenen Hohlräumen verbunden sind. Die Porosität der Beschichtungslage 12, d.h. das Verhältnis des Porenvolumens zum Gesamtvolumen der Beschichtung 12, ist in Figur 1 stark übertrieben dargestellt. In der Regel weist die Beschichtung 12 eine Porosität im Bereich von etwa 2 bis 10 Prozent auf, wobei diese Werte, wie zuvor bereits erwähnt, die Flächenanteile der Poren in einem das Material durchsetzenden Querschliff wiedergeben.As can be seen from the schematic detail illustration A of the coating 12 in the region of the working edge 14, the coating 12 has two components, a coating matrix or coating carrier layer formed by a coating base material, in which the smallest cavities 17 are formed, and one in the cavities 17 the coating matrix arranged polymer. The density of the cavities is approximately constant in the illustrated embodiment. The cavities are formed when the coating material is applied to the base body 11 or to the adhesion promoter layer 13 and are called pores. The density of the pores 17 does not have to be approximately constant as shown, but may change from the surface of the coating in the direction of the main body, for example in order to promote rapid shrinkage of the creping doctor 10. The coating matrix has an open-pore design, the term "open-pored" meaning that cavities located deeper in the matrix are connected to cavities located on the surface of the coating. The porosity of the coating layer 12, ie the ratio of the pore volume to the total volume of the coating 12, is in FIG. 1 greatly exaggerated. As a rule, the coating 12 has a porosity in the range from about 2 to 10 percent, these values, as already mentioned above, representing the area proportions of the pores in a cross-section passing through the material.

Zur Herstellung der Beschichtung 12 wird zunächst das Beschichtungsgrundmaterial auf den Grundkörper 11 oder, falls ein Haftvermittler verwendet wird, auf die zuvor z.B. unter Verwendung eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens auf den Grundkörper 11 aufgebrachte Haftvermittlerschicht 13 aufgetragen. Die Auswahl von für die Ausbildung der Haftvermittlerschicht geeigneten Materialien richtet sich sowohl nach dem zur Ausbildung des Grundkörpers verwendeten Material, als auch nach dem jeweils verwendeten Beschichtungsgrundmaterial. Besteht der Grundkörper 11 an der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche beispielsweise aus Stahl, dann kann bei den nachstehend aufgeführten Beschichtungsmaterialien das Material für die Haftvermittlerschicht unter Aluminium, Nickel, Chrom und Legierungen hiervon, wie z.B. AlNi oder NiCr ausgewählt sein.For producing the coating 12, the coating base material is first applied to the base body 11 or, if an adhesion promoter is used, applied to the adhesion promoter layer 13 previously applied eg to the base body 11 using a thermal spraying method. The selection of suitable materials for the formation of the primer layer depends both on the material used to form the body, as well as the particular coating base material used. If the main body 11 on the surface to be coated, for example made of steel, then the material for the primer layer may be selected from aluminum, nickel, chromium and alloys thereof, such as AlNi or NiCr in the coating materials listed below.

Zum Auftrag des Beschichtüngsgrundmaterials wird vorzugsweise ein thermisches Spritzverfahren verwendet. Die Spritzbeschichtung erfolgt hierbei bevorzugt in mehreren Hüben, beispielsweise mit 10 bis 100 Hüben. Jeder Hub erzeugt eine dünne Lage des Beschichtungsmaterials, wobei die erste Lage direkt auf die Oberfläche des Grundkörpers 11 oder der darauf zuvor aufgebrachten Haftvermittlerschicht, und weitere Lagen auf die jeweils zuvor aufgebrachte Lage aufgespritzt werden. Die physikalische Homogenität bzw. umgekehrt die Porosität der einzelnen Lagen kann über die Parameter des verwendeten Verfahrens eingestellt werden. Zum Beispiel kann bei dem mit dem Akronym HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) bezeichneten Spritzverfahren die Porosität durch das Verhältnis von Brennstoff zu Sauerstoff und über die Förderrate des zur Schichtbildung verwendeten Pulvermaterials eingestellt werden. Durch Verändern der Parameter von Lage zu Lage kann die Porosität über die Schichttiefe in den oben angegebenen Bereichen verändert werden.For application of the coating base material, a thermal spraying method is preferably used. The spray coating is preferably carried out in several strokes, for example with 10 to 100 strokes. Each stroke generates a thin layer of the coating material, wherein the first layer is sprayed directly onto the surface of the main body 11 or the adhesive layer previously applied thereto, and further layers are sprayed onto the respectively previously applied layer. The physical homogeneity or, conversely, the porosity of the individual layers can be adjusted via the parameters of the method used. For example, in the spray process called HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel), the porosity can be adjusted by the ratio of fuel to oxygen and the rate of delivery of the powder material used for film formation. By changing the parameters from layer to layer, the porosity can be changed over the layer depth in the above-mentioned ranges.

Als Beschichtungsgrundmaterial eignen sich handelsübliche Hartmetallpulver mit ca. 8-10 % Cobalt und Wolframmonocarbid als Hartstoff. Zur Ausbildung keramischer Beschichtungen werden vorzugsweise Pulver oxidkeramischer Materialien, wie z. B. Aluminiumoxid, Zirconiumdioxid, Magnesiumoxid, Crom(III)-oxid, Yttriumoxid und Titanate, verwendet.Commercially available hard metal powders with about 8-10% cobalt and tungsten monocarbide as hard material are suitable as the coating base material. For the formation of ceramic coatings are preferably powder oxide ceramic materials such. Alumina, zirconia, magnesia, crom (III) oxide, yttria and titanates.

Nach dem Aufbringen des Beschichtungsgrundmaterials werden dessen offene Poren mit einem Polymer verfüllt. Unter dem Verfüllen von Poren wird in dieser Schrift das Einbringen von Material in die Poren verstanden, wobei das eingebrachte Material das jeweilige Porenvolumen nicht vollständig ausfüllen muss, aber kann. Bei teilweisem Ausfüllen der Poren kann sich das eingebrachte Material an den Porenwänden anlegen, es kann aber auch ganz oder teilweise von den Porenwänden abgelöst im Porenvolumen angeordnet sein.After application of the coating base material, its open pores are filled with a polymer. The filling of pores in this document means the introduction of material into the pores, wherein the introduced material does not have to completely fill the respective pore volume, but can. In the case of partial filling of the pores, the introduced material can be applied to the pore walls, but it can also be arranged completely or partially detached from the pore walls in the pore volume.

Als Polymere eignen sich Duroplaste und Thermoplaste, die auf Basis von Einkomponenten- und Zweikomponentensystemen hergestellt werden können. Geeignet sind insbesondere Duroplaste, deren Zersetzungstemperatur so weit oberhalb der Einsatztemperatur der Klingenbeschichtung liegt, dass sich der Duroplast elastisch verhält. In analoger Weise eignen sich Thermoplaste, deren Glasübergangstemperatur soweit oberhalb der Einsatztemperatur der Klingenbeschichtung liegt, dass bei einem Einsatz der mit dem Polymer imprägnierten Klinge keine störende Erweichung des Polymers auftreten kann. Als grober Richtwert für die Mindestdifferenz zwischen Einsatztemperatur und Zersetzungs- bzw. Glasübergangstemperatur können 20 °C angegeben werden. Unter Einsatztemperatur ist die Betriebstemperatur der Klingenbeschichtung während des bestimmungsgemäßen Einsatzes der Klinge zu verstehen.Suitable polymers are thermosets and thermoplastics, which can be prepared on the basis of one-component and two-component systems. Particularly suitable are thermosets whose decomposition temperature is so far above the operating temperature of the blade coating that the thermoset behaves elastically. In an analogous manner, thermoplastics whose glass transition temperature is so far above the operating temperature of the blade coating, that when using the blade impregnated with the polymer no disturbing softening of the polymer can occur. As a rough guideline for the minimum difference between operating temperature and decomposition or glass transition temperature 20 ° C can be specified. Operating temperature is understood to mean the operating temperature of the blade coating during the intended use of the blade.

Als Polymere eignen sich insbesondere Epoxidharze und Epoxidharze mit darin eingebetteten Füllstoffpartikeln, beispielsweise aus einem Polyfluorethylen (PFE) und insbesondere aus Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE). Da Epoxidharz im nichtvernetzten bzw. teilvernetzten Zustand eine gute Benetzung des Beschichtungsgrundmaterials zeigt, kann es, beispielsweise durch Kapillarwirkung unterstützt, tief in dessen offene Poren eindringen und diese verfüllen. Die Viskosität des Epoxidharzes kann durch die Zugabe von Lösungsmitteln, wie zum Beispiel Alkoholen oder Ketonen, verringert werden, um die Eindring- bzw. Penetrationstiefe des Polymers an die Dicke der Beschichtung anzupassen. Der Imprägniervorgang, d.h. das Einbringen des Materials in die Poren der Klingenbeschichtung kann mithilfe eines Tauchbads; durch Aufspritzen, oder mithilfe von Streichwerkzeugen wie z. B. Pinseln oder Spachteln ausgeführt werden.Particularly suitable polymers are epoxy resins and epoxy resins with filler particles embedded therein, for example of a polyfluoroethylene (PFE) and in particular of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Since epoxy resin shows a good wetting of the coating base material in the non-crosslinked or partially crosslinked state, it can, for example, assisted by capillary action, penetrate deep into its open pores and fill them. The viscosity of the epoxy resin can be reduced by the addition of solvents, such as alcohols or ketones, to adjust the penetration depth of the polymer to the thickness of the coating. The impregnation process, i. the introduction of the material into the pores of the blade coating can be done using a dip bath; by spraying, or by means of painting tools such. B. brushing or filling.

Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kreppschabers 10 wird unter Verwendung eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens eine etwa 50 µm starke NiAl5-Haftvermittlerschicht 13 auf einen Oberflächenbereich eines aus Stahl geformten Grundkörpers 11 aufgebracht. Auf die freie Oberfläche der Haftvermittlerschicht 13 wird anschließend mittels einem Plasmaspritzverfahren, beispielsweise dem oben angeführten HVOF-Verfahren, eine Cr2O3-Keramik aufgetragen. Das zum Auftrag verwendete Cr2O3-Pulver weist vorzugsweise eine Korngrößenverteilung auf, bei der die Korngröße, die von 90 % der Hartstoffkörner nicht überschritten wird, wenigstens doppelt so groß und vorzugsweise wenigstens dreimal so groß ist, wie die Korngröße, die von 10 % der Hartstoffkörner nicht unterschritten wird, wobei insbesondere eine Korngrößenverteilung von 15/45, bei der 90 % der Pulverkörner nicht größer als 45 µm und 10 % der Pulverkörner nicht kleiner als 15 µm sind bevorzugt wird.In a preferred embodiment of a creping blade 10 is m thick NiAl 5 -Haftvermittlerschicht 13 applied to a surface area of a shaped steel base body 11 using a thermal spray process an approximately 50 μ. A Cr 2 O 3 ceramic is subsequently applied to the free surface of the adhesion promoter layer 13 by means of a plasma spraying process, for example the above-mentioned HVOF process. The Cr 2 O 3 powder used for the application preferably has a particle size distribution in which the grain size, which is not exceeded by 90% of the hard grains, is at least twice as large and preferably at least three times as large as the grain size, that of 10 % of the grains of hard material is not fallen below, in particular, a particle size distribution of 15/45 in which 90% of the powder grains is not larger than 45 μ m and 10% of the powder grains is not less than 15 μ m is preferred.

Die Stärke der aufgebrachten Cr2O3-Schicht beträgt gemäß Ausführungsbeispielen etwa 300 µm, die Porosität der Schicht etwa 2 bis 3 %, wobei die mittleren Porendurchmesser im Bereich von etwa 5 bis 15 µm liegen. Unter Porendurchmesser ist hierbei der Durchmesser eines Kreises zu verstehen, dessen Flächeninhalt dem Porenquerschnitt an der jeweiligen Stelle entspricht. Die Härte einer solcherart hergestellten Cr2O3-Beschichtungslage kann mit etwa 1150 HV0,3 (Vickershärte in HV) angegeben werden. Nach dem Auftragen der Cr2O3-Beschichtung wird in deren Poren 17 ein Füllmaterial eingebracht. Das Füllmaterial setzt sich aus einem mit Isobutanol gemischten Silicon-Polyesterharz zusammen, das PTFE-Partikel mit mittleren Größen von 0,1 bis 5 µm enthält. Die Anteile des Silicon-Polyesterharzes am Füllmaterial betragen zwischen 40 und 70 Gew. -%, die des Isobutanol zwischen 10 und 60 Gew.-% und die der PTFE-Partikel zwischen 2 und 20 % Gew.-%.The thickness of the applied Cr 2 O 3 layer is according to embodiments about 300 μ m, the porosity of the layer about 2 to 3%, wherein the average pore diameter in the range of about 5 to 15 μ m are. Pore diameter here is to be understood as meaning the diameter of a circle whose surface area corresponds to the pore cross-section at the respective location. The hardness of a Cr 2 O 3 coating layer produced in this way can be given as approximately 1150 HV0.3 (Vickers hardness in HV). After the application of the Cr 2 O 3 coating, a filling material is introduced into its pores 17. The filler is composed of a mixed with isobutanol silicone polyester resin containing PTFE particles with average sizes of 0.1 to 5 microns . The proportions of the silicone-polyester resin in the filler are between 40 and 70% by weight, that of the isobutanol between 10 and 60% by weight and that of the PTFE particles between 2 and 20% by weight.

Eine ebenfalls bevorzugte Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich von der zuvor beschriebenen in der Wahl des Füllmaterials. Das Füllmaterial dieser Ausführungsform besteht aus einer Mischung aus Epoxidharz und Isobutanol, die PTFE-Partikel mit mittleren Durchmessern von 0,1 bis 5 µm enthält. Die Anteile des Epoxidharzes am Füllmaterial betragen wiederum zwischen 40 und 70 Gew.-%, die des Isobutanol zwischen 10 und 60 Gew.-% und die der PTFE-Partikel zwischen 2 und 20 % Gew.-%..A likewise preferred embodiment differs from the one described above in the choice of filling material. The filling material of this embodiment consists of a mixture of epoxy resin and isobutanol containing PTFE particles with average diameters of 0.1 to 5 μm . The proportions of the epoxy resin on the filler material are again between 40 and 70% by weight, that of the isobutanol between 10 and 60% by weight and that of the PTFE particles between 2 and 20% by weight.

Die Tiefe, bis zu der das Füllmaterial in die Beschichtungsmatrix 16 vordringt, wird über die Viskosität des Füllmaterials und die Temperatur der Beschichtungsmatrix beim Verfüllvorgang beeinflusst. Bei hohen Lösungsmittelanteilen ist die Viskosität des Füllmaterials gering, wodurch die Poren bis in große Tiefen verfüllt werden können. Durch Aufheizen der Beschichtungsmatrix während des Verfüllens kann die maximale Eindringtiefe des Füllmaterials unter der Voraussetzung, dass die Temperatur genügend unterhalb der Vernetzungstemperatur liegt, weiter erhöht werden. Für die oben angegebenen Füllmaterialsysteme eignen sich Penetrationstemperaturen aus dem Bereich von etwa 70 bis etwa 90 °C, und vorzugsweise um 80 °C, womit bei den oben angegebenen mittleren Porendurchmessern von etwa 5 bis 15 µm Eindringtiefen von etwa 800 bis etwa 1000 µm erzielt werden können.The depth to which the filler penetrates into the coating matrix 16 is influenced by the viscosity of the filler and the temperature of the coating matrix during the filling process. At high solvent contents, the viscosity of the filling material is low, whereby the pores can be filled to great depths. By heating the Coating matrix during filling, the maximum penetration depth of the filling material can be further increased provided that the temperature is sufficiently below the crosslinking temperature. Penetration temperatures from the range of about 70 to about 90 ° C, and preferably about 80 ° C are suitable for the above Füllmaterialsysteme, which at the above mean pore diameters of about 5 to 15 μ m penetration depths of about 800 to about 1000 μ m can be achieved.

Nach dem Einbringen des Füllmaterials in die Poren der Beschichtungsmatrix 12 wird dieses vorzugsweise thermisch vernetzt, wodurch die Imprägnierung der Beschichtungsmatrix 16 abgeschlossen ist. Schließlich wird die freie Oberfläche der imprägnierten Beschichtung 12 feingeschliffen um eine glatte Auflauffläche und eine glatte Arbeitskante zu schaffen. Bei einem solchen Rückschliff werden üblicherweise etwa 50 µm Beschichtungsmaterial abgetragen. Die beschriebene Reihenfolge von Imprägnierung und Feinschliff ist nicht zwingend und kann gegebenenfalls auch umgekehrt.ausgeführt werden.After the introduction of the filling material into the pores of the coating matrix 12, it is preferably thermally crosslinked, whereby the impregnation of the coating matrix 16 is completed. Finally, the free surface of the impregnated coating 12 is honed to create a smooth ramp surface and a smooth working edge. With such a regrind, usually about 50 μm of coating material are removed. The described sequence of impregnation and fine grinding is not mandatory and may possibly also be carried out reversed.

Durch das in die Beschichtungsmatrix eingebrachte Polymer können Faservlies und Trocken- bzw. Yankeezylinder mit geringer Reibung an den jeweiligen Kontaktflächen des Kreppschabers entlang gleiten. Durch die erhöhte Gleitfähigkeit der Kontaktflächen wird der Abrieb der Beschichtung reduziert. Außerdem erhalten die Kontaktflächen durch die Polymerschicht eine schmutzabweisende Wirkung, wodurch Beschädigungen der Beschichtung durch von dem Faservlies oder dem Trocken- bzw. Yankeezylinder mitgeführte Partikel und Verunreinigungen reduziert und so die Qualität des gekreppten Papiers verbessert wird.As a result of the polymer introduced into the coating matrix, non-woven fabric and dry or Yankee cylinders with little friction can slide along the respective contact surfaces of the creping doctor. The increased lubricity of the contact surfaces reduces the abrasion of the coating. In addition, the contact surfaces are provided with a dirt-repelling effect by the polymer layer, which reduces damage to the coating by particles and impurities entrained by the non-woven fabric or the Yankee cylinder and thus improves the quality of the creped paper.

Die schematische Darstellung von Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den vorderen Bereich eines mit einer Beschichtung 22 versehenen Streichmessers 20. Das Streichmesser weist einen Grundköper 21 auf, der beispielsweise aus Stahl gebildet sein kann, sowie eine Beschichtung 22 und eine bei einigen Ausführungsformen zwischen beiden angeordnete haftvermittelnde Schicht 23. Die Beschichtung 22 nimmt wenigstens den Teil des Streichmessers 20 ein, der mit dem Faservlies der Papierbahn bzw. einem darauf aufgebrachten Strichmaterial in Berührung kommt. Ferner weist das Streichmesser 20 eine Fase auf, die allgemein als Wate bezeichnet wird. In der Regel überdeckt die Beschichtung 22 den Grundkörper 21 wie in der Figur veranschaulicht auch im Bereich der Wate.The schematic representation of FIG. 2 Figure 14 shows a cross-section through the front portion of a doctor blade 20 provided with a coating 22. The doctor blade comprises a base body 21, which may be formed of steel, for example, and a coating 22 and an adhesion-promoting layer 23 disposed between the two in some embodiments 22 occupies at least the part of the doctor blade 20, which comes into contact with the nonwoven fabric of the paper web or a sheeting applied thereto. Further, the doctor blade 20 has a chamfer, commonly referred to as wate. As a rule, the coating 22 covers the main body 21, as illustrated in the figure, also in the area of the wate.

Abgesehen von der Geometrie entspricht der Beschichtungsaufbau des Streichmessers dem des Kreppschabers, d. h. die Beschichtung besteht aus einer wie oben beschriebenen porösen Beschichtungsmatrix, deren Poren wenigstens teilweise mit einem wie ebenfalls oben angeführten Polymer verfüllt sind. Auch beim Einsatz eines solchen Streichmessers weist die Kontaktfläche der Beschichtung zur Papierbahn eine verbesserte Gleitfähigkeit und schmutzabweisende Wirkung auf, und reduziert so die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten von Beschädigungen der Beschichtung, die in einem sich auf dem gestrichenen Papier in Form von linienförmigen Unregelmäßigkeiten äußernden Microlining führen können.Apart from the geometry, the coating structure of the doctor blade corresponds to that of the creping doctor, i. H. the coating consists of a porous coating matrix as described above, the pores of which are at least partially filled with a polymer as likewise mentioned above. Even with the use of such a doctor blade, the contact surface of the coating to the paper web has an improved lubricity and dirt-repellent effect, thus reducing the likelihood of damage to the coating resulting in microlining manifesting on the coated paper in the form of linear irregularities can.

Durch die gleitfähigere und schmutzabweisend wirkende Beschichtungsoberfläche setzen sich beim Gebrauch des Streichmessers weniger Schmutz und Strichmaterial auf der dem Papier gegenüberliegenden Seite ab, wodurch die Gefahr des nassen und des trockenen Überkochens als auch die der Bartbildung an der Klingenspitze deutlich verringert wird.The more lubricious and dirt-repellent coating surface reduces the use of the doctor blade less dirt and line material on the opposite side of the paper, whereby the risk of wet and dry overcooking and the formation of a beard at the blade tip is significantly reduced.

Klingen gemäß der beschriebenen Erfindung weisen aufgrund der besseren Gleiteigenschaften an der Beschichtungsoberfläche eine verbesserte Abriebfestigkeit auf, als Klingen mit nicht entsprechend imprägnierten Beschichtungen. Die Imprägnierung verringert auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Beschädigungen der Beschichtung während des Betriebs und verbessert aufgrund ihrer schmutzabweisenden Wirkung die Qualität einer mit der Klinge bearbeiteten Papierbahn.Blades according to the invention described have improved abrasion resistance due to the better sliding properties on the coating surface than blades with not suitably impregnated coatings. The impregnation also reduces the likelihood of damage to the coating during operation and, due to its stain-resistant effect, improves the quality of a paper web processed with the blade.

Claims (16)

  1. Blade for treating fibrous nonwoven webs, having a base (11, 21) and a coating (12, 22) covering at least part of the surface of the base, the coating forming at least that part of the blade surface that is intended for contact with the fibrous nonwoven web, characterized in that the coating (12, 22) on the contact surface has an open-pore material (16) whose pores (17) are filled at least partly with a polymer.
  2. Blade according to Claim 1, in which the polymer comprises an epoxy resin.
  3. Blade according to Claim 1, in which the polymer comprises a silicone-polyester resin.
  4. Blade according to any of Claims 1, 2 and 3, in which fillers are embedded in the polymer.
  5. Blade according to Claim 4, in which the fillers comprise polyfluoroethylene and, in particular, polytetrafluoroethylene.
  6. Blade according to Claim 4 or 5, in which the fillers are in the form of particles and, in particular, in the form of particles having average diameters from the range from 0.1 to 5 µm.
  7. Blade according to Claim 1, in which the polymer comprises polyfluoroethylene and, in particular, polytetrafluoroethylene.
  8. Blade according to Claim 7, in which the polymer is formed in the form of particles having a size distribution in which at least 65 per cent of the particles have one or more sizes from the range from 50 to 100 nm.
  9. Blade according to any of the preceding claims, in which the open-pore material (16) of the coating comprises an oxide ceramic or a plurality of oxide ceramics.
  10. Blade according to Claim 9, in which the open-pore material (16) of the coating is selected from aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium(III) oxide, yttrium oxide and titanates.
  11. Blade according to any of the preceding claims, in which the open-pore material (16) of the coating comprises a cemented carbide.
  12. Blade according to any of the preceding claims, in which the open-pore material has a porosity from the range from 2 to 10%.
  13. Blade according to any of the preceding claims, in which the average pore diameter has a value from the range from 5 to 15 µm.
  14. Blade according to any of the preceding claims, in which an adhesion layer (13, 23) is disposed between the coating (12, 22) and the base (11, 21).
  15. Blade according to any of the preceding claims, the blade (10, 20) being designed as a creping doctor (10) having a working edge (14) and a run-on surface (15).
  16. Blade according to any of Claims 1 to 14, the blade (10, 20) being designed as a coating knife (20).
EP11787852.0A 2010-12-13 2011-11-22 Impregnated blade coating Revoked EP2651632B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010062901A DE102010062901A1 (en) 2010-12-13 2010-12-13 Impregnated blade coating
PCT/EP2011/070659 WO2012079923A1 (en) 2010-12-13 2011-11-22 Impregnated blade coating

Publications (2)

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EP2651632A1 EP2651632A1 (en) 2013-10-23
EP2651632B1 true EP2651632B1 (en) 2015-02-25

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US (1) US20130269897A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2651632B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103347688A (en)
DE (1) DE102010062901A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012079923A1 (en)

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DE102014012738B4 (en) * 2014-08-27 2023-03-30 Rampf Formen Gmbh Mold, vibratory base and drawing sheet with coated surfaces, method of making them and use of the coatings
CN106182906A (en) * 2016-07-13 2016-12-07 北京华恩表面工程技术有限公司 A kind of creping blade and preparation method thereof
CN106493437A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-03-15 泰州前进科技有限公司 A kind of scraper
CN110461512B (en) * 2017-03-29 2020-12-08 京瓷株式会社 Coated tools and cutting tools
DE102018214778A1 (en) * 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of conductor tracks and electronic module
EP4137304A1 (en) * 2021-08-16 2023-02-22 Voith Patent GmbH Blade and creping arrangement

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EP2651632A1 (en) 2013-10-23
DE102010062901A1 (en) 2012-06-14
CN103347688A (en) 2013-10-09
US20130269897A1 (en) 2013-10-17
WO2012079923A1 (en) 2012-06-21

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