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EP2537912A1 - Appareil et procédé pour la décomposition thermochimique à cycle continu d'une biomasse - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour la décomposition thermochimique à cycle continu d'une biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2537912A1
EP2537912A1 EP12172758A EP12172758A EP2537912A1 EP 2537912 A1 EP2537912 A1 EP 2537912A1 EP 12172758 A EP12172758 A EP 12172758A EP 12172758 A EP12172758 A EP 12172758A EP 2537912 A1 EP2537912 A1 EP 2537912A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction chamber
pipe
biomass
interstice
apertures
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP12172758A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2537912B1 (fr
Inventor
Daniele Della Toffola
Mauro Petracca
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B51/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by combined direct and indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an apparatus and a method for the continuous-cycle thermo-chemical decomposition of a biomass, able to develop a combustion and produce vegetable carbon, known as biochar.
  • the latter can be used as an amender in the field of agriculture, increasing the fertility of the soil by a percentage on average comprised between about 10% and about 20%.
  • the present invention is based on the process of pyrolysis or gasification, to produce heat energy with high yields and low emissions of particulate of carbon monoxide and CO 2 . It is applied in the domestic and/or industrial field and can be used in boilers or heaters for rooms and/or for cooking foods or other, as well as for the production of biochar.
  • Pyrolysis is known, that is, the process of physical and chemical decomposition of a biomass such as for example pellets, chip, or wood derivatives in general, which takes place by heating the biomass to temperatures comprised between about 300°C and about 600°C. Pyrolysis decomposes the material of the biomass in two parts: a gassy part and a solid part.
  • the gassy part consists of a flammable mixture of gases and a condensable compound called TAR, while the solid part consists of carbon.
  • the gases deriving from this process are used in pyrolysis devices to feed a combustion, which can also take place in a place situated distant from the biomass, and which in turn contributes to keep the pyrolysis process active.
  • the process of gasification is also known: this takes place when a biomass is heated to a temperature comprised between about 1000°C and about 1100°C in the presence of oxygen.
  • a highly combustible gas is obtained, mainly consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
  • a combustion device which is based on the pyrolysis or gasification process, having an internal chamber into which the biomass is loaded and above which the so-called "flame cap” is generated.
  • the flame cap is a flame disposed radially which works as a cap and prevents the oxygen in the air situated above the flame from entering into the region below the flame.
  • the internal chamber comprises an aperture, in its upper part, in proximity to which a flame develops and, consuming the oxygen, prevents the oxygen from descending in the direction of the biomass below. The heat of the combustion and the residual gases, descending into the internal chamber in proximity to the biomass, causes the pyrolysis and/or gasification of the latter.
  • a pyrolysis device which functions continuously, that is, with a continuous and automatic loading of the biomass.
  • This known device has a so-called "closed-chamber" functioning and comprises a pyrolysis chamber which is made inside a long cylindrical steel tube, disposed horizontally and inside which the biomass runs, thrust by suitable means, such as for example a screw. Under the chamber there is a burner suitable to heat the chamber to a temperature suitable to cause the process of pyrolysis. The burner is fed with a part of the gas produced in the chamber. The rest of the gas produced by the pyrolysis process can be used for other purposes, or stored and used later.
  • This closed-chamber pyrolysis device has the disadvantage, however, that its structure is complex and that it requires a burner separate from the combustion chamber and means to collect the gases produced.
  • the patent application NL-A-8006038 describes an apparatus for burning excrement and litter, which comprises a feed screw inclined upward to convey the material to be burned toward the top of a combustion chamber, in which the material to be burned is distributed by a distribution screw disposed horizontally.
  • a grid In the lower part of the combustion chamber there is a grid on which the material to be burned is deposited.
  • the combustion chamber, above the grid, is passed through by a plurality of tubes of a heat exchanger of the gas-gas type.
  • the combustion air is forced by a ventilator into an interstice that surrounds the combustion chamber.
  • no pyrolysis or gasification process occurs and in the upper part of the combustion chamber there is no flame which, consuming the oxygen, prevents the latter from descending in the direction of the underlying material to be burned.
  • the international patent application WO-A-99/61561 describes a gasifier for the production of gas from combustion material fed from below, which provides injectors disposed in the lower part of a combustion chamber to introduce combustion air inside the combustion chamber.
  • the injectors are oriented at an acute angle with respect to the wall of the combustion chamber, so as to impart to the combustion air a rotational motion inside the combustion chamber.
  • this gasifier too, in the upper part of the combustion chamber no flame is generated which, consuming the oxygen, prevents it from descending in the direction of the combustion material.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to obtain an apparatus for the continuous-cycle thermo-chemical decomposition of a biomass which produces energy in the form of heat and which can function continuously without requiring the intervention of the user or an operator, which is economical, of limited size and simple to make.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to perfect a method for the continuous-cycle thermo-chemical decomposition of a biomass which emits energy in the form of heat and which allows to obtain biochar as a residual product.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • an apparatus for the continuous-cycle thermo-chemical decomposition of a biomass comprises a reaction chamber in which a pyrolysis or gasification process of said biomass is suitable to take place, with the generation of gas, and means to feed the biomass and comburent air, preferably but not necessarily at variable speed.
  • the apparatus also comprises a first pipe disposed along a first axis passing through the reaction chamber and through which the biomass is suitable to be continuously conveyed toward the reaction chamber, a second pipe, disposed along a second axis, substantially perpendicular to the first axis and connected to the reaction chamber so as to allow the combustion of at least one part of the gases produced by the pyrolysis or gasification.
  • the apparatus also comprises containing means disposed outside the reaction chamber, substantially at the intersection between said two axes, to define an interstice around the reaction chamber and at least a part of the second pipe, first apertures or passage ways, to put the reaction chamber in communication with the interstice, and second apertures or passage ways to put the inside of the second pipe into communication with the interstice and thus allow to generate a flame cap in the second pipe.
  • the reaction chamber is defined by a first part of the first pipe.
  • the first pipe comprises a first cylindrical tubular element, for example made of metal
  • the second pipe comprises a second cylindrical tubular element, also for example made of metal, attached to the first cylindrical tubular element in correspondence with the reaction chamber.
  • the first passage ways comprise a plurality of first through holes made in the lower part of the first cylindrical tubular element.
  • the second passage ways comprise a plurality of second through holes made in the second cylindrical tubular element and disposed radially, which put the interstice in communication with the inside of the second pipe.
  • the second through holes are adjustable in height.
  • the containing means comprise a closed container having a closure shaped like a circular crown, which is located above the second through holes and is passed through by the second cylindrical tubular element.
  • the container comprises an aperture in which ventilation means are disposed, suitable to convey air into the interstice.
  • the feed means comprise a screw, which is suitable to be made to rotate at variable speed and which is disposed inside a second part of the first pipe, upstream of the reaction chamber with respect to a direction of feed of the biomass.
  • the first pipe also comprises a third part, disposed downstream of the reaction chamber with respect to the direction of feed of the biomass.
  • closing means are disposed along said first axis in order to adjust the quantity of residual product exiting from the reaction chamber and the subsequent automatic discharge thereof.
  • the apparatus also comprises a third cylindrical tubular element which is attached to the first pipe in the third part, facing downward and is suitable to be partly filled with water in order to extinguish the residual product exiting from the reaction chamber and to prevent the access of air into the latter.
  • the present invention also concerns a method for an apparatus for the continuous-cycle thermo-chemical decomposition of a biomass, having a reaction chamber in which a process of pyrolysis or gasification of the biomass is suitable to take place.
  • the biomass is conveyed along a first pipe disposed along a first axis in the reaction chamber, continuously, by feed means.
  • the combustion of gases produced by the pyrolysis or gasification occurs in a second pipe, disposed along a second axis, substantially perpendicular to the first axis and connected to the reaction chamber.
  • the air is conveyed into an interstice to feed the combustion.
  • the interstice is defined by containing means disposed outside the reaction chamber, substantially at the intersection of the two axes, and at least a part of the second pipe.
  • the present invention also includes the possibility of regulating the production of heat by acting on the speed of the feed screw of the biomass, the speed of flow of the comburent air and the height of the holes of the second passage ways.
  • an apparatus 10 for the continuous-cycle thermo-chemical decomposition of a biomass comprises a loading section 11, suitable to introduce a biomass into a combustion section 13 inside which the pyrolysis of the biomass takes place.
  • the apparatus 10 also comprises a collection section 15 for the biochar, that is, the residues of the pyrolysis consisting substantially of vegetable carbon.
  • the biomass may consist of pellets, small pieces of pressed wood, chip, other fuels of vegetable origin or other.
  • the loading section 11 comprises a hopper 21 suitable to contain the biomass to be subjected to the pyrolysis process.
  • the hopper 21 comprises a first aperture 23, disposed in the upper part and suitable for loading the biomass by the user, and a second aperture 25, disposed in the lower part, under which a first screw 27 is horizontally disposed, which introduces the biomass arriving from the hopper 21 into a vertical connector 29 which at the upper part has a steel valve 31 for the entering or exiting air.
  • a second screw 33 is disposed horizontally, inside a first steel pipe 35, having a substantially cylindrical shape. The second screw 33 is suitable to introduce the biomass into a reaction chamber 37 of the combustion section 13.
  • both the first screw 27 and the second screw 33 are commanded by a first motor 39.
  • the latter is connected directly to the second screw 33 and is connected to the first screw 27 by means of a belt 41 disposed on a pair of pulleys 43.
  • the reaction chamber 37 is defined by a first part 48 of the first pipe 35, has an entrance 44 and an exit 46 for the biomasses, respectively communicating with a second part 50 and a third part 64 of the first pipe 35, and is situated at the junction between the first steel cylindrical pipe 35, disposed horizontally along a first axis X, and a second steel cylindrical pipe 45 disposed vertically along a second axis Y, which is attached to the first pipe 35 so as to form an upside-down T, and communicating with the reaction chamber 37.
  • the second pipe 45 has an emission aperture 47 facing upward, through which the heat is expelled, together with the combustion vapors and gases.
  • the first pipe 35 is provided with a plurality of first passage ways, in this case first through holes 49, made in the lower part.
  • the first holes 49 are disposed along a line inclined with respect to the first axis X.
  • the second pipe 45 is provided with a plurality of second passage ways, in this case second through holes 51, which are disposed radially and which describe a substantially horizontal line.
  • a metal container 53 which is closed at the upper part around the second pipe 45 and laterally around the first pipe 35.
  • the container 53 which is substantially cylindrical in shape and symmetrical with respect to the second axis Y, has a lower aperture 55 ( figs. 2 and 3 ), and defines an empty interstice 57, with respect to the two pipes 35 and 45.
  • a fan 59 In proximity to the lower aperture 55 there is a fan 59, advantageously provided with an electric motor, not shown in the drawings.
  • the first holes 49 are configured for the fluidic communication between the reaction chamber 37 and the interstice 57, while the second holes 51 are configured for the fluidic communication between the inside of the second pipe 45 and the interstice 57.
  • the collection section 15 comprises a mobile closing mean 63, which is located internally along a third part 64 of the first pipe 35 in proximity to the exit 46 of the combustion chamber.
  • the mobile closing mean 63 is advantageously commanded by a second motor 65 and is mobile horizontally along the first pipe 35 to regulate the exit of ash or biochar from the reaction chamber 37.
  • oblique or vertical pipe 67 In proximity to the exit 46 of the reaction chamber 37 there is an oblique or vertical pipe 67 which is communicating at the upper end with the third part 64 of the first pipe 35, being attached to the lower part of the latter. Furthermore, the oblique pipe 67 communicates, at its lower end, with a recovery pipe 69. Inside this, a third screw 71 is vertically disposed and is commanded by a third motor 73: the third screw 71 is provided to lift and remove the residues of reaction which are deposited at the base of the oblique pipe 67.
  • the oblique pipe 67 and the recovery pipe 69 are filled with water to a constant level L, in order to extinguish and/or cool the biochar exiting from the reaction chamber 37.
  • the level L of water inside the oblique pipe and the recovery pipe 69 is kept constant by a compensation tank 75.
  • the apparatus 10 as described heretofore functions as follows.
  • a biomass is loaded from the first aperture 23 of the hopper 21, exiting from the second aperture 25, and is then transported by the first screw 27 and the second screw 33 to the reaction chamber 37, in a direction F.
  • the process of pyrolysis and/or gasification of the biomass is started by igniting a spark plug of a known type, not shown in the drawings.
  • the fan 59 ( figs. 2 and 3 ) forces the air A inside the interstice 57.
  • the air A passes at the sides of the first pipe 35, in proximity to the first holes 49, which are situated at a first distance D1 from the respective sides of the container 53.
  • the air A then passes at the sides of the second pipe 45, in proximity to the second holes 51, which are situated at a second distance D2, greater than the first distance D1, from the respective sides of the container 53. Consequently, the section of the passage of air A in proximity to the first holes 49 is less than the section of the passage of air in proximity to the second holes 51.
  • the stream of air A is constant in the whole of the interstice 57, its speed is higher in proximity to the first holes 49 compared with the speed in proximity to the second holes 51.
  • the pressure inside the interstice 57 is in this case higher in proximity to the second holes 51 compared with the pressure in proximity to the first holes 49. Consequently, through the second holes 51 the air A passes from the interstice 57 inside the second pipe 45 and through the first holes 49 at least part of the gases G produced by the process of pyrolysis /gasification pass from the reaction chamber 37 to the interstice 57.
  • the air A in the interstice 57 is then mixed with the gases G1 and this mixture is introduced into the second pipe 45 through the second holes 51. In proximity to the latter, and inside the second pipe 45, the mixture is combusted ( fig. 4 ).
  • the combustion consumes the oxygen brought by the air A and produces gassy combustion residues G2 at high temperature.
  • Part of the combustion residues G2 are emitted into the atmosphere through the upper emission aperture 47 ( fig. 3 ), the remaining part is instead drawn back through the reaction chamber 37 due to the recall effect described above.
  • the gassy combustion residues G2 passing into the reaction chamber 37 give up heat to the biomass, causing the pyrolysis and/or gasification thereof, depending on the temperature and quantity of oxygen delivered.
  • the gases G produced by the pyrolysis and/or gasification of the biomass are again used to feed the combustion process in the second pipe 45 as described above.
  • the flame that develops in the second pipe 45 therefore performs the function of a "flame cap", preventing the oxygen in the air situated above the emission aperture 47 from entering into the reaction chamber 37.
  • the first distance D1 and the second distance D2 are similar, or not very different. Consequently, the pressures in proximity to the second holes 51 and in proximity to the first holes 49 are also similar or not very different, so that the recall effect described above is negligible.
  • the heat developed by the combustion in proximity to the second holes 51 is sufficient to cause the pyrolysis and/or gasification of the biomass that is in the reaction chamber 37.
  • the gases G1 thus produced ascend from the reaction chamber 37 to the second pipe 45 from the inside, that is, without passing through the interstice 57. In this case the gases G 1 mix with the oxygen entering from the holes 51 and feed the combustion.
  • the combustion in proximity to the holes 51 is given by the gases G1 coming directly from the combustion chamber 37 through the second pipe 45 and by the gases G 1 coming from the interstice 57.
  • the second pipe 45 comprises a mobile section which can be made to slide vertically along the second axis Y in order to raise or lower the row of second holes 51, so as to change the position along the second axis Y of the second holes 51 used to exchange gas, and hence for combustion.
  • the process of pyrolysis and/or gasification in the reaction chamber 37 can be controlled by acting on the speed of rotation of the second screw 33 which determines directly the speed of transit of the biomasses inside the reaction chamber 37. Furthermore, by increasing the speed of rotation of the fan 59 there is a greater input of oxygen to the combustion. It is possible that, in the presence of an excessive input of air A into the interstice 57, the combustion inside the second pipe 45 does not consume all the oxygen delivered. Consequently, in some forms of embodiment, the gases G2 that are drawn back inside the reaction chamber 37 contain a quantity of oxygen that can contribute to cause the gasification of the biomass when there are high temperatures.
  • the regulation of the speed of rotation of the fan 59 and the speed of the second screw 33 allows to choose the type of reaction that takes place inside the reaction chamber 37: for example, at low rotation speeds of the fan 59 and at low rotation speed of the second screw 33, it is mainly a process of pyrolysis of the biomass that occurs inside the reaction chamber 37; on the contrary, at high rotation speeds of the fan 59 and at low speed of advance of the second screw 33, it is mainly a process of gasification of the biomass that occurs inside the reaction chamber 37.
  • the gasification of the biomass delivers reaction gases G1 that cause an intense combustion, but does not allow to obtain biochar as residual product.
  • the pyrolysis of the biomass delivers gas G which generates a less intense and more controlled reaction, and as residual product of the reaction vegetable carbon or biochar may be obtained, which can advantageously be used as an amender in the field of agriculture.
  • the mobile closing mean 63 can be used to force the permanence of the biomass inside the reaction chamber 37 during the start-up of the reaction, preventing the loss of biomass not pyrolised or gasified, or at a later time, to regulate the discharge of the biochar through the oblique pipe 67.
  • the biochar is extinguished and/or cooled by the water, and is then collected by the third screw 71, dried and stored.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP12172758.0A 2011-06-20 2012-06-20 Appareil et procédé pour la décomposition thermochimique à cycle continu d'une biomasse Active EP2537912B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000095A ITUD20110095A1 (it) 2011-06-20 2011-06-20 Apparecchiatura e procedimento per la decomposizione termochimica a ciclo continuo di una biomassa

Publications (2)

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EP2537912A1 true EP2537912A1 (fr) 2012-12-26
EP2537912B1 EP2537912B1 (fr) 2014-08-06

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104388123A (zh) * 2014-09-29 2015-03-04 济南大学 一种具有连续供料功能且保压恒温的秸秆气化炉
CN107892931A (zh) * 2017-11-10 2018-04-10 东南大学 移动式热解制备生物炭的装置和方法
AT519471B1 (de) * 2017-02-06 2018-07-15 Herz Energietechnik Gmbh Verkohlungsanlage
DE102019117900A1 (de) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 Christian Engelhardt Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Pflanzenkohle und/oder zur Wärmegewinnung
CN112920820A (zh) * 2021-02-04 2021-06-08 中国五环工程有限公司 一种固废脱气热解装置及包括该装置的熔融气化系统
WO2022135838A1 (fr) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-30 Scanship As Collecteur de produit de carbonisation
WO2025109321A1 (fr) * 2023-11-22 2025-05-30 Edmond Rube Four de production de charbon de bois

Citations (8)

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WO2010052667A2 (fr) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-14 Nathaniel Mulcahy Dispositif et procede de gazeification et/ou pyrolyse ou vaporisation de materiaux combustibles
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NL8006038A (nl) 1979-11-10 1981-06-01 Wichmann Heinrich Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verbranden van stalmestmengsels.
US6190429B1 (en) * 1994-03-10 2001-02-20 Ebara Corporation Method and apparatus for treating wastes by gasification
WO1999061561A1 (fr) 1998-05-28 1999-12-02 Dedar Limited Gazogenes
WO2002057396A1 (fr) * 2000-12-21 2002-07-25 Nesi Plant S.A. Procede et appareil de fabrication d'hydrogene et de dioxyde de carbone a partir de la gazeification de matieres premieres
EP1950272A1 (fr) * 2007-01-27 2008-07-30 Robert Bosch GmbH Procédé et dispositif destinés à la transformation thermique de pellets ou de copeaux de bois
WO2010052667A2 (fr) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-14 Nathaniel Mulcahy Dispositif et procede de gazeification et/ou pyrolyse ou vaporisation de materiaux combustibles
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CN104388123A (zh) * 2014-09-29 2015-03-04 济南大学 一种具有连续供料功能且保压恒温的秸秆气化炉
CN104388123B (zh) * 2014-09-29 2016-06-29 济南大学 一种具有连续供料功能且保压恒温的秸秆气化炉
AT519471B1 (de) * 2017-02-06 2018-07-15 Herz Energietechnik Gmbh Verkohlungsanlage
AT519471A4 (de) * 2017-02-06 2018-07-15 Herz Energietechnik Gmbh Verkohlungsanlage
CN107892931A (zh) * 2017-11-10 2018-04-10 东南大学 移动式热解制备生物炭的装置和方法
DE102019117900A1 (de) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 Christian Engelhardt Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Pflanzenkohle und/oder zur Wärmegewinnung
WO2022135838A1 (fr) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-30 Scanship As Collecteur de produit de carbonisation
CN116670055A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2023-08-29 扫描船有限公司 焦炭收集器
JP2023553700A (ja) * 2020-12-21 2023-12-25 スキャンシップ・アクティーゼルスカブ 炭化物コレクタ
CN112920820A (zh) * 2021-02-04 2021-06-08 中国五环工程有限公司 一种固废脱气热解装置及包括该装置的熔融气化系统
WO2025109321A1 (fr) * 2023-11-22 2025-05-30 Edmond Rube Four de production de charbon de bois

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