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EP2537911A1 - Gazogène vertical doté de moyens d'humidification - Google Patents

Gazogène vertical doté de moyens d'humidification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2537911A1
EP2537911A1 EP11170730A EP11170730A EP2537911A1 EP 2537911 A1 EP2537911 A1 EP 2537911A1 EP 11170730 A EP11170730 A EP 11170730A EP 11170730 A EP11170730 A EP 11170730A EP 2537911 A1 EP2537911 A1 EP 2537911A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasifier
product gas
biomass
temperature
moisturization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11170730A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Marinitsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stirlingdk Aps
Original Assignee
Stirlingdk Aps
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stirlingdk Aps filed Critical Stirlingdk Aps
Priority to EP11170730A priority Critical patent/EP2537911A1/fr
Publication of EP2537911A1 publication Critical patent/EP2537911A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an updraft gasifier for a biomass gasification system to generate gasifier product gas to be burned in a combustion unit, which gasifier comprises:
  • Document WO 2007/081296 discloses a cross draft gasifier for biomass that uses a downdraft and an updraft mode to produce gasifier product gas, which can be burned in a combustion unit.
  • the disclosed gasifier comprises a first inlet for municipal waste in the upper area of the gasifier and a first outlet of the gasifier for the ash at the bottom of the gasifier.
  • the gasifier furthermore comprises a second inlet for preheated air or oxygen in the lower area of the gasifier and a second outlet in the upper area of the gasifier for syngas as gasifier product gas generated in the gasifier.
  • the gasifier product gas at the outlet of the gasifier comprises dust and tar residues, which need to be kept at a low percentage level of the gasifier product gas as they may result in damage at the internal combustion engine unit.
  • WO 2007/081296 discloses that a number of parameters need to be maintained within certain limits. These include: particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, heating value, bulk density and feedstock composition.
  • the heating value is kept in a range be providing preheated air as needed. It is furthermore disclosed that the moisture content of the biomass needs to be kept in a 10% to 20% range to achieve this low level of tar in the gasifier product gas.
  • This known gasifier comprises the disadvantage that there is a need of a high number of sensors and control circuits to keep all these parameters in the preferred rang an still the result is not satisfying as there is a high percentage of tar in the gasifier product gas.
  • a biomass gasification system that uses this known cross draft gasifier therefore needs an expensive system to separate the tar and dust from the rest of the gasification product gas before burning in the combustion unit.
  • the inventors realized that there is a need to keep the temperature of the generated gasifier product gas in the upper area of the gasifier below a maximum temperature to ensure that the tar in the gasifier product gas is captured in moisture drops.
  • the gasification product gas at the second outlet of the gasifier has to have a temperature in the range of about 70 to 80 degrees Celsius. This temperature and other process parameters enable equilibrium between vaporisation and condensation of water and tar in upper area of the updraft gasifier.
  • the tar residues in the gasifier product gas are captured in moisture drops of nebular. This nebula consists of liquid tar dissolved in the water coming from the wood chips moisture.
  • gasifier according to the invention is characterized in, that the gasifier furthermore comprises:
  • This updraft gasifier comprises the advantage that the tar and dust residues in the gasifier product are kept in a condition that enables an easy and cost effective way to separate and to keep them in the gasifier, convert them to ash and to take them out as grate ash from the gasifier. Consequently, the product gas and then after combustion the flue gas has a very low dust content. Further details and advantages of this updraft gasifier will become more apparent in the following description and the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG 1 is a perspective view and Figure 2 is a side view of a Stirling plant 1 to generate heat and electricity from biomass.
  • the Stirling plant 1 comprises a biomass gasification system 2 to generate heat, which heat to some extent is transformed into electricity by four Stirling engines 3.
  • the biomass gasification system 2 comprises an updraft gasifier 4, from which gasifier product gas is transported through pipes 5 to four combustion units 6 where the gasifier product gas is burnt to heat up a transfer medium used to drive the Stirling engines 3.
  • FIG 3 is a side view of the gasifier 4 of the biomass gasification system 2.
  • the gasifier 4 is built as updraft gasifier.
  • the updraft gasifier is a standing tubular reactor 7 which consists essentially out of cylindrical steel shell isolated and lined with bricks on the inner side. Additional the reactor 7 is isolated on the outer side as well, to avoid hot surfaces.
  • the gasifier 4 comprises a wood chip conveyor 8 connected to a first inlet 9 of the gasifier 4 as fuel feed and an ash conveyer 10 connected to a first outlet 11 of the gasifier 4 as fuel discharge.
  • the wood chip conveyor 8 feeds the gasifier 4 through the lateral first inlet 9 which is arranged in the upper area of the gasifier 4.
  • the feeding is monitored by a filling level indicator.
  • the filling level indicator consists out of a rotating blade in the filling space mounted on a geared motor. The filling level is periodically checked and if necessary the fuel feed activated.
  • the gasification in the updraft gasifier 4 takes place in a counterflow principle, thereby the fuel passes the gasifier 4 from its upper area 12 to its lower area 13, while the gasification agent enters the gasifier 4 at a second inlet 14 at the bottom of the gasifier 4 and leaves the gasifier 4 as gasification product gas at a second outlet 15 in the upper area of the gasifier 4.
  • different zones are formed in the gasifier 4. Basically four zones are formed, the drying zone, the pyrolysis zone, the reduction zone and the oxidation zone.
  • As a gasification agent a defined mixture of flue gas and air is used.
  • the gasification agent is preheated in a gas pre-heater of the biomass gasification system 2 and afterwards fed at the second inlet 14 at the bottom of the gasifier 4.
  • the biomass gasification system 2 comprises a manifold system 16 to connect the second outlet 15 of the gasifier 4 with pipes 5 for the four combustion units 6 of the biomass gasification system 2.
  • the biomass gasification system 2 is setup in such a way, that there is a route of transportation R of the gasifier product gas from the outlet 15 of the gasifier 4 through the manifold system 16 and the pipes 5 into inlets 18 of the combustion units 6.
  • the highest or top points of these routes of transportation R is the manifold system 16 from where there is a decline W of the pipes 5 into the combustion units 6 in the direction of the route of transportation R and from where there is a decline through the manifold system 16 to the outlet 15 of the gasifier 4 towards the route of transportation R.
  • the gasifier 4 comprises a temperature sensor 19 to measure the temperature of the gasifier product gas in the upper area 12 of the gasifier 4.
  • the gasifier 4 furthermore comprises moisturization means that are realized by a sprinkler system 20 arranged at the chip conveyor 8 to moisture the biomass in the chip conveyor 8.
  • a control circuit 20 is connected to the temperature sensor 19 and the sprinkler system 20 and is arranged to activate the sprinkler system 20 in case the measured temperature exceeds a maximum temperature stored in the control circuit 20.
  • the appropriate maximum temperature to be stored in the control circuit might depend on different circumstances like for instance the kind of biomass fed into the gasifier or contents of the gasifier product gas allowed to be burned in the combustion unit.
  • the moisture of the biomass is typically in a preferred range of 20-55%.
  • the gasification product gas at the second outlet 15 of the gasifier 4 has to be kept in a temperature range of about 70 to 80 degrees Celsius. This temperature and other process parameters enable equilibrium between vaporisation and condensation of water and tar in the upper area of the updraft gasifier 4.
  • the tar residues in the gasifier product gas are captured in moisture drops of nebular. This nebula consists of liquid tar dissolved in the water coming from the wood chips moisture. These moisture drops get in contact with the pipes 5 and condense on the inner walls of the pipes 5 and run along the pipes 5 towards the combustion units 6.
  • the tar from the gasifier product gas is flushed away towards the combustion units 6 where it is burned residue-free together with the gasification product gas.
  • the pipes 5 are insulated to avoid that too much of the moisture drops condensate on the inner walls of the pipes 5. This keeps the amount of condensate in a preferred range.
  • the control circuit 21 activates the sprinkler system 20.
  • the sprinkler system 20 moistures the biomass in the chip conveyor 8 with steam or water droplets. This biomass with an increased moisture content is transported by the chip conveyor 8 into the gasifier 4 what increases the moister content in the gasification process what reduces the temperature of the gasifier product gas by the cold due to evaporation.
  • the biomass gasification system 2 therefore is characterized by a very low amount of dust in the emission which can be less then 20mg/m 3 or even less than 10mg/m 3 . This makes the use of the biomass gasification system 2 outstanding environment-friendly.
  • the control circuit 21 deactivates the sprinkler system 20, in case a deactivation criteria is met.
  • a deactivation criteria is met.
  • the sprinkler system 20 could moisture the biomass in the chip conveyor 8 for a given time duration of e.g. 120 seconds or 5 minutes, while the chip conveyor transports the moistured chips into the gasifier 4.
  • An alternative deactivation criteria would be, that the temperature of the gasifier product gas fell below a minimum temperature of e.g. 60 or 75 degrees Celsius.
  • a further deactivation criteria would be, that a moisture sensor attached to the gasifier to measure the moisture of the chips in the gasifier 4 exceeds a maximum moisture limit.
  • the control circuit 21 could use only one of these deactivation criteria or two or more of these deactivation criteria to decide about when to deactivate the sprinkler system 20.
  • the sprinkler system is mounted at the ceiling of the gasifier to moister the biomass already in the gasifier.
  • This solution has the advantage that the steam or water droplets from the sprinkler system immediately increase the humidity of gasifier product gas and the biomass in the gasifier. Apart from this additional advantage the same advantages are achieved with a gasifier of this embodiment as explained for the gasifier 4.
  • the biomass gasification system 2 with the combustion units 6 may be used in the Stirling plant 1, but could be used in a heating system of a building as well.
  • the combustion units 6 heat up a transfer medium (e.g. water or air).
  • this transfer medium is used to drive the Stirling engine 3 and in a heating system the transfer medium would be used to heat the radiators in one or more buildings.
  • Combined systems may be used as well.
  • the preferred temperature range could be in a different range of e.g. 60 to 100 degrees Celsius with maximum and minimum temperatures adapted to it
  • the gasifier could comprise a hydraulic piston or other means to transport the biomass through the first inlet into the gasifier.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP11170730A 2011-06-21 2011-06-21 Gazogène vertical doté de moyens d'humidification Withdrawn EP2537911A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11170730A EP2537911A1 (fr) 2011-06-21 2011-06-21 Gazogène vertical doté de moyens d'humidification

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11170730A EP2537911A1 (fr) 2011-06-21 2011-06-21 Gazogène vertical doté de moyens d'humidification

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2537911A1 true EP2537911A1 (fr) 2012-12-26

Family

ID=44802530

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EP11170730A Withdrawn EP2537911A1 (fr) 2011-06-21 2011-06-21 Gazogène vertical doté de moyens d'humidification

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP2537911A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0137461A2 (fr) * 1983-10-11 1985-04-17 Erhard Fischer Procédé et appareil pour la production de gaz combustibles à partir de combustibles solides
WO2001005910A1 (fr) * 1999-07-19 2001-01-25 Nuova Meccanica S.R.L. Procede et dispositif de production de gaz combustible a partir de dechets carbones
US20060112639A1 (en) * 2003-11-29 2006-06-01 Nick Peter A Process for pyrolytic heat recovery enhanced with gasification of organic material
JP2006143983A (ja) * 2004-10-20 2006-06-08 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd ガス化装置の運転方法及びガス化装置
WO2007081296A1 (fr) 2006-01-16 2007-07-19 Gep Yesil Enerji Uretim Teknolojileri Ltd. Sti. Gazogene a ecoulement descendant/ascendant pour production de gaz de synthese a partir de dechets solides

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0137461A2 (fr) * 1983-10-11 1985-04-17 Erhard Fischer Procédé et appareil pour la production de gaz combustibles à partir de combustibles solides
WO2001005910A1 (fr) * 1999-07-19 2001-01-25 Nuova Meccanica S.R.L. Procede et dispositif de production de gaz combustible a partir de dechets carbones
US20060112639A1 (en) * 2003-11-29 2006-06-01 Nick Peter A Process for pyrolytic heat recovery enhanced with gasification of organic material
JP2006143983A (ja) * 2004-10-20 2006-06-08 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd ガス化装置の運転方法及びガス化装置
WO2007081296A1 (fr) 2006-01-16 2007-07-19 Gep Yesil Enerji Uretim Teknolojileri Ltd. Sti. Gazogene a ecoulement descendant/ascendant pour production de gaz de synthese a partir de dechets solides

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