EP2514871B1 - Method for laying and compacting an asphalt layer - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

At one off JP 2 530000 B2 Known methods are behind the rearmost in the direction of travel stage of compacting tools screed directly through the asphalt layer thickness and determined on the surface of the asphalt layer, the density, and from a target layer thickness and a target density are calculated in order to use this data for adjust the built-in thickness critical screed attack angle so that the target layer thickness and target density behind the screed are achieved before the following compactor produces a final layer thickness and a final density. This means that the calculated data in the system will only be used for operating the paver. For this purpose, a thickness and density test operation part with measuring sensors either towed on wheels from the screed, or rear of the screed attached.

At one off DE 200 10 498 U Known method is with three compaction tools, namely a tamper, a screed plate, and a pressure bar in the screed of the paver already produced during installation a Nachwalzen the asphalt layer making unnecessary compaction. During operation of the screed, the penetration path of the pressure bar or the screed plate is measured as the size correlating with the compaction, and the penetration path is reduced or increased if a nominal compaction is undershot or exceeded.

At one off US Pat. No. 6,749,364 B1 In the case of known road finishers, a built-in asphalt layer temperature monitoring device is provided, and the paver is provided with a navigation system for correlating data obtained via the temperature distribution of the asphalt layer with position data.

At one off DE 10 2008 058 481 A Known methods, a positional temperature model of the site is generated and communicated to compaction equipment, to avoid that a compacting device then a position of the built-asphalt layer end-compacted, if there is a temperature range unsuitable for compaction in this position.

At one off EP 0 733 231 B1 ( DE 694 16 006 T2 ) known method is a mobile compactor on built-in asphalt using a digitized target space model in Comparison with an also digitized actual place model out, in which nominal degrees of compression and actual degrees of compression are shown. The respective actual degree of compaction is determined beforehand, eg by assessment. Optionally, the compactor travels over a test area to determine the compaction power and / or number of necessary crossings required for final compaction.

At one off EP 0 698 152 B1 In the known method for controlling a mobile compacting apparatus, the actual degree of compaction in the asphalt layer is determined by the compacting apparatus itself at the position to be compacted, and the compaction power is set immediately with respect to the desired final compaction degree. Since the actual degree of compaction is only determined when the respective position is reached, it is hardly possible to react sufficiently quickly to unavoidable changes in the actual degree of compaction.

In practice, it is also common to optimize operating parameters of the paver and / or the screed by the staff for experience and inspection of the installed asphalt layer or to use estimates or empirical values. Due to the large number of influences to be considered, this procedure is time-consuming and, in the result, often unsatisfactory and in need of correction (trial and error method).

The invention has for its object to provide an economical and efficient method for installing an asphalt layer with which to achieve a uniform as possible high Endverdichtungsgrades in the installed asphalt layer the real compaction actually produced by the road paver for general operation optimization and monitoring on the site is better considered ,

The stated object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

According to the process, the information required for economical and efficient operation of the at least one compaction device about the actual compaction degree generated by the compacting tools of the screed paver of the paver need not be estimated inaccurately or separately and only relatively late on the compacting device to be determined and evaluated, since they already at an early stage are available when working the paver. This significantly simplifies the operation and results in a consistently high degree of final compaction, which is one of the key parameters in the asphalting process. Because a sufficiently high and uniform degree of final compaction is a prerequisite for the road or traffic area to be able to play out its desired properties, in particular the carrying capacity, ie the ability to absorb loads caused by traffic and into the subsoil without the built-in asphalt layer deforming and, for example, ruts being formed. Since, when installed with the screed, the actual degree of compaction achieved may change due to various factors, it is important that the compaction apparatus produce only the compaction power required to achieve the desired final compaction level during subsequent compaction at the particular position. The compaction to the degree of final compaction takes place for example by a roller compaction, ie, for example by static Auflast- or vibration or Oszillationsverdichtung. Compaction equipment such as asphalt rollers compresses two stages per crossing, as they have two drums or wheelsets. In addition, rollers, in contrast to the paver, usually overrun every position of the asphalt layer several times, so that it is of considerable advantage to carry out the final compaction exactly taking into account the actual compaction generated and communicated by the compaction tools of the screed. In addition, the use of the material-density module makes it possible to optimize and monitor the operation of the road paver very efficiently, for example in a regulation that is closed by the actual degree of compaction generated, with regard to the compaction of the asphalt layer determined on the screed Operating parameters, eg automatically, to be changed and the result of the changes is immediately read off the actual degree of compaction. All in all, this greatly reduces the load on the paver, every compactor, and even in the mixing plant. Immediately upon installation, the material-density module procures the respective degree of compaction generated by at least one compaction tool of the screed, evaluates it, and thus provides meaningful information that is used for general operation optimization and / or monitoring, wherein either the Operation of the paver directly optimized and monitored, or the paver as the central producer of the asphalt layer peripheral accessories such as the compactor also in terms of their operational optimization leads (pull principle).

The material-density module provides the mixer with information that triggers alarms when the composition (recipe) and / or temperature limits of the asphalt material supplied to the paver are exceeded or undercut. In the mixing plant can then be the composition of the asphalt material, for example, in view of better processability and / or a different composition, promptly, ie, adjusted only with the delay caused by the supply chain to the paver. As a result, a high-quality asphalt layer can be economically and efficiently installed, since the material-density module functions as a guiding component of a site management system.

Data on the actual degree of compaction can be obtained, evaluated and / or documented in real time if at least the actual compaction degree measuring devices, in particular probes, are installed on the screed and connected to the material density module.

For a computational determination of the respective actual degree of compaction of the asphalt layer, a computing section determines the actual degree of compaction from the installed mass per built-in unit length, preferably taking into account the layer thickness and the installation width relatively accurately. The calculation section may be part of the material density module, or may communicate with it remotely. The material density module calculates the actual degree of compaction in a numerical way, in particular via at least one neural network.

In an expedient embodiment, the paver has a navigation system linked to the material-density module. In this way, the actual degree of compaction determined by the material-density module can be combined at least with position data, preferably also with procured layer and / or time and / or temperature information, which is meaningful for the compaction device, for example can take into account an operational delay until final compression at the respective position in the adjustment of the compaction performance. In order to be able to process the data as quickly as possible and also many data efficiently, it may be expedient if the material-density module is connected to a central computer, preferably a server, which, preferably, is stationary on the road paver or separated therefrom or placed mobile.

In a further embodiment, it is expedient, preferably for optimizing the operation of the screed on the material-density module, operating parameters, such as at least frequency, stroke, pressure bars, Beaufschlagungsdruck, penetration depth and possibly even the heating power for the like. The compaction tools, at least taking into account the temperature of the asphalt material or the predetermined final degree of compaction. This operational optimization achieves a uniformly high, hardly fluctuating actual degree of compaction without appreciable load on the personnel, so that the compacting device only needs to apply less power or execute a few crossings.

In a further embodiment, at least one operating parameter of the paver, such as at least the paving speed and / or the material throughput for screed and / or the distributor screw speed and / or performance is varied for optimizing the operation of the paver via the material density module, which is preferably taking into account Temperature of the supplied asphalt material and / or the predetermined final degree of compaction can be done. This in turn is advantageous in view of the fact that later the compactor only has to provide low compaction performance or has to perform only a few crossings in order to ensure as consistently as possible the desired degree of final compaction.

Fig. 1

schematisch ein System zum Einbauen einer Asphaltschicht aus Asphalt-Material auf einer Baustelle mit Grundkomponenten eines Baustellen-Management-Systems,

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt einer eingebauten Asphaltschicht,

Fig. 3

eine Schnittdarstellung einer Ausführungsform einer Einbaubohle eines Straßenfertigers des Systems,

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt einer anderen Ausführungsform einer Einbaubohle eines Straßenfertigers des Systems, und

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Teils der Baustelle beispielsweise von Fig. 1.

With reference to the drawings, embodiments of the subject invention will be explained. Show it:

Fig. 1

schematically a system for installing an asphalt layer of asphalt material on a construction site with basic components of a construction site management system,

Fig. 2

a cross-section of a built-in asphalt layer,

Fig. 3

a sectional view of an embodiment of a screed of a paver of the system,

Fig. 4

a cross-section of another embodiment of a screed of a paver of the system, and

Fig. 5

a perspective view of a part of the site, for example Fig. 1 ,

An in Fig. 1 schematically indicated system S for installing an asphalt layer D on a construction site includes, for example, an asphalt material mixer W, at least one paver F with at least one screed E, and at least one mobile compactor V. Between the mixer W and the paver F extends a Delivery line L for asphalt material A prepared in mixing plant W with a specific composition and / or temperature, which is transported via truck 3 and delivered by each truck directly to paver F, or using a feeder B moving in front of paver F At the construction site several road pavers F can be driven simultaneously and / or several compactors V.

The mixer W has feeders 1, 2 for producing a specific composition of the asphalt material A, which is filled with adjustable temperature and composition in the respective truck 3. The delivered asphalt material A has a temperature which depends on, for example, the length of the delivery path L and / or the ambient conditions, and is filled either by the respective truck 3 or by the feeder B into a bunker 5 of the paver F. From the bunker 5, the asphalt material A is brought by a longitudinal conveyor 6 to the rear to a distribution screw 7, which is driven at adjustable speed and / or power, and the discarded asphalt material A across a leveling cylinder on the paver F adjustable screed E across distributed on the ground. The road paver F has a navigation system 8, an electronic control 9 with, for example, a central computer Z, and an appropriate on-board material density module M, with the example of measuring devices such as probes 10 on the paver F and / or the screed E of the screed E real produced actual degree of compaction at a respective position in the asphalt layer D can be procured, evaluated and, for example, in the form of data can be documented. The material-density module M is constituted, for example, by at least one electronic hardware module at a slot, for example in the controller 9 and / or the central computer Z and corresponding software.

The respective compactor V also has a navigation system 8, and may have an on-board compression management system K, for example.

Alternatively, the material-density module M or a part M 'of which stationary or mobile be placed separately from the paver F, as well as another central computer Z', such as a server, the latter components wired or wireless with each other and optionally with the compactor V or the mixer W communicate via communication links.

Using at least the, preferably electronic, material-density module M of the road paver F, its operation can be optimized and / or monitored and documented, since the respectively determined and procured actual degree of compaction on the screed gives information on how the screed E works, so that, for example, in a closed loop over the actual degree of compaction operating parameters of the screed E with respect to an optimal and / or desired work result can be varied. Operating parameters of the road paver F can also be optimized, monitored and / or documented, such as the installation speed, the throughput rate of the longitudinal conveyor device 6 and / or the speed and / or performance and / or height adjustment of the transverse distribution screw 7. Further operating parameters to be optimized such as the heat outputs of the asphalt layer D processing compaction tools in the screed E be that produce the respective actual degree of compaction at a certain position P of the asphalt layer D, or height adjustments of the leveling cylinder for the screed E.

Measurement devices not shown can determine the temperature of the asphalt material delivered to the paver F and also such data at least to the material density module M, which also communicates with the navigation system 8 in order to combine the respectively determined actual degree of compaction of the asphalt layer D with position and / or time and / or layer and / or temperature information. This allows the compactor V to inform in advance before this reaches the respective position P. In this way, for the compacting device V, the compaction power required based on the actual degree of compaction be determined in advance, without any time pressure, so that the compactor V later just just generates the compaction power or executes number of crossings, starting from the actual degree of compaction to achieve the predetermined final degree of compaction are required. As a result, an extremely uniform high degree of final compaction of the asphalt layer is efficiently and economically achieved, not only the operation of the paver can be optimized, but also the operation of the compactor, and the mixer can be informed if certain limits (eg the temperature of the delivered Asphalt material A) below or exceeded. In the mixer W, the relevant operating parameters can be adjusted or optimized, the time delay comes into play, which is due to the delivery line L until optimal asphalt material is available again on the paver F.

Fig. 2 FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an example of the built-in asphalt layer D, which has a layer thickness 13, a paving width 14, and differently inclined portions 11, 12 on both sides of the center. The asphalt layer D is installed by the road paver F and the screed E with a uniform over the installation width 14 actual degree of compaction, and is later densified by the compacting device V, the cross-sectional profile must be maintained as shown, and the compacting device may never end-densify positions in which there is a critical temperature range which does not ensure a final compression. This danger can be safely built up by the communicated information of the material density module M (also temperature information).

The screed E in Fig. 3 is a Ausziehbohle with a Grundbohlenteil 15 and laterally movable Ausziehbohlen 16, which allow a change in the installation width 14. Alternatively, a screed E with an invariable paving width could be used (not shown). The base board 15, as well as each Ausziehbohle 16, has a bottom side scarf plate 17, on which at least one operable with selectable speed Vibration device 18 is arranged so that the smoothing plate 17 operates as a compaction tool in a stage of the screed E. A further compaction tool is a tamper having at least one tamper strip 19 with an eccentric drive 20 whose rotational speed and / or eccentricity (ie stroke) can be selected, the tamper 19 being in the installation direction (FIG. Fig. 3 from right to left) frontmost step and before the screed plate 17 is brought to act on the asphalt material A (two compacting tools 17, 19 or stages).

In the Fig. 4 Screed shown is also a Ausziehbohle with a base screed 15 and Ausziehbohlen 16, but could (not shown) also be a screed with fixed pave width.

In the screed E in Fig. 4 has the base board 15 as well as each Ausziehbohle 16 a third stage with another compaction tool, which here by at least one pressure bar 21 (here two consecutively) is constituted, which is operable via a hydraulic drive 22 with vertical pressure pulses and optionally adjustable acceleration and in Installation direction behind the screed plate 17 works. Here, therefore, three stages for densification of the asphalt layer D are provided. Although with the screed in Fig. 4 thanks to the at least one pressure bar 21, an actual degree of compaction of even approximately 98% can be generated, in practice, as a rule, however, the built-in asphalt layer D is still protected by at least one compacting device V (FIG. Fig. 1 ).

Fig. 5 schematically indicates a part of the construction site on which the paver, not shown, has installed the asphalt layer D, wherein the actual degree of compaction is determined and evaluated via the material density module M at the respective position P. The different actual densities are indicated by different colorations 23, 24. The compacting device V, taking recourse to the data communicated by the material-density module M, moves to the respective positions P, only bringing the compaction power required there to reach the predetermined final compaction degree from the communicated actual compaction level. Temperature information can also be supplied to the compression management system K for the respective positions P, for example.

The at the screed E in Fig. 1 indicated actual degree of compactness measuring devices 10 may be, for example, distributed over the paving width probes, which are connected to transmit the Meßwertwert with the material density module M, and expedient measure the actual degree of compaction of each stage of the compaction tools 17, 19, 21 and communicate or after the last stage (screed plate 17 or pressure bar 21) present at the respective position P actual degree of compaction. In this case, a plurality of probes can be provided transversely to the mounting direction to determine an average of the actual degree of compaction.

Alternatively, the actual degree of compaction can also be determined indirectly by tapping operating parameters of, for example, the compaction tools 17, 19, 21, for example via the stroke and frequency of the tamper 19, the frequency and power of the vibration device 18, or the hydraulic application pressure and / or the frequency the pressure pulses and / or the penetration depth and / or acceleration of each pressure bar 21, for example, based on the built-in per built-in unit length mass of asphalt material A. Here, preferably, the composition and optionally temperature of the supplied asphalt material is taken into account.

Alternatively, the respective actual degree of compaction can also be calculated numerically, for example via at least one neural network, for example, the central computer Z or Z 'can be used for calculations, and, suitably, the material density module M a not shown documentation module can be assigned, are documented and stored in the data and / or information.

In the arithmetical determination of the built-in mass per built-in unit length, the layer thickness 13 and the paving width 14 at the respective position P or on the built-in unit length is expediently taken into account, optionally in turn, taking into account the temperature of the asphalt material delivered to the paver F ,

Taking into account the actual compaction levels obtained by the material density module M after each stage, other operating parameters of the paver may be optimized, for example the installation speed, the throughput of the longitudinal conveyor 6 and / or the speed and / or power and / or height position of the transverse distributor auger 7 on the paver F, the angle of attack of the screed, for example, via the leveling cylinder, and possibly even the heating power of heaters of the compaction tools. The actual degree of compaction after the first stage (tamper 19) is, for example, a meaningful variable for largely keeping the angle of attack of the screed E, which is set via the leveling cylinder, not shown on the paver F and, inter alia, crucial for the flatness of the asphalt layer D.

As well as the temperature, the density of the asphalt material A changes during processing. The asphalt material A has its bulk density after the mixing process, which changes slightly during transport in the supply chain L, before, starting from the bulk density of the screed, a multi-stage compression process takes place. The subsequent final compression by the compactor V may be a static ballast, vibration or oscillation compaction. Asphalt rollers densify in two stages per crossing, as they have two bandages (wheelsets), each roller being able to cover every position of the asphalt layer several times.

In order to be able to optimally choose the operating parameters of the compaction tools 17, 19, 21 for optimizing the operation of the screed E, the temperature and the density or the present actual degree of compaction achieved up to the action of the respective compaction tool are important information. This information allows the operation of the compaction tools 17, 19, 21 read off, so to speak. Thus, e.g. in a closed loop over the actual degree of compaction, at least some of the above-mentioned operating parameters are changed until the result confirms or returns to a desired optimum. This can be, for example, a relatively high and very uniform actual degree of compaction, so that the compacting device V only has to provide relatively little and as uniform a performance as possible.

The material density module M determines or procures the actual degree of compaction expediently after each stage and transmits this, for example, with position, layer, time and temperature information to the central computer Z or Z ', which is for example a server. A documentation module can store the information of the material density module M. The central computer Z of the paver F knows, since these data are provided for example via a construction site management system, the processed mass, for example, in kilograms / per meter or kilograms / square meter. Since the central computer Z also knows the layer thickness 13 and the installation width 14, can also these parameters are used to determine the respective actual degree of compaction. For example, the actual degree of compaction generated after the last compression stage is documented in a position-related manner using the navigation system (satellite navigation system G) and communicated to the respective compactor V, for example combined with the time, temperature or shift information. From the compacting device V, the compression management system K can be used, for example for monitoring and documentation of Endverdichtungsgrades, the compactor V on the communicated data of the material density module M of the paver F, and only the required at the respective position P. Compaction power generated. Starting from the in Fig. 5 with the already quite uniform coloring at 23 indicated, determined actual degree of compaction, the compacting device V produces the indicated by the uniform coloring at 24 final compaction. In this way, there is a smooth flow on the site, the risk of damage and risks to personal injury are minimized, and especially the operator in the mixer and / or the paver F and / or the respective compactor V largely relieved in terms of operational optimization and monitoring becomes. The final work results are, for example, also operating parameters and route information, the processed asphalt material, and the like., Where appropriate, as well as faults and the like, documented and verifiable. The documented data can later be used on a different construction site with similar prerequisites to save time, at least for the basic setting of operating parameters.

Claims (8)

1. Method for laying an asphalt layer (D) from asphalt material (A) of selectable layer thickness (13) and laying width (14) by using a system (S) comprising at least one road paver (F) having at least one paving screed (E) with compacting tools (17, 19, 21), at least one self-propelled compacting device (V), and, optionally, an asphalt mixing plant (W), wherein at least two compacting tools (17, 19, 21) of a group including at least one tamper (19, 20), at least one smoothing plate having a vibration apparatus (17, 18) and at least one hydraulically operated pressing bar (21, 22) are provided in the paving screed (E), the at least two compacting tools (17, 19, 21) following each other in laying-working travelling direction and acting in subsequent stages during a laying process, and wherein based on a known composition and/or temperature of the asphalt material (A) delivered to the road paver each stage of the compacting tools (17, 19, 21) produces an actual degree of compaction in the asphalt layer (D), and thereafter the compacting device (V) produces a predetermined final degree of compaction of the asphalt layer (D), including the following steps:

   a material-density-module (M) obtains during the laying process data regarding the actual degree of compaction produced in the asphalt layer (D) either by at least one stage or behind the last stage;

   these data are processed at least with reference to positions (P) of the asphalt layer (D) or of a construction site and are communicated in advance to the compacting device before the compacting device (V) reaches the respective position (P) of the asphalt layer (D);

   the compacting device (V) or a plurality of compacting devices (V) produces or produce with recourse to the communicated data the final degree of compaction based on the communicated data regarding the actual degree of compaction.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the laying process the actual degree of compaction produced by each compacting tool (17, 19, 21) of one stage or an actual degree of compaction as a summary produced by the compacting tools of all stages is determined for the material-density-module (M) by calculation or by direct or indirect measurements.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing plant (W) is at least informed regarding a composition-variation and/or temperature-variation of the asphalt material (A) to be produced via data communication links extending between the electronic material-density-module (M) and the mixing plant (W).
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that measuring values of actual degree of compaction-measuring devices (10), in particular probes, installed at the paving screed (E) are transmitted to the material-density-module (M).
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the actual degree of compaction of the asphalt layer (D) is determined by calculation via the material-density-module (M) in a numerical manner, in particular in at least one neuronal network.
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of the material-density-module (M) the respective determined actual degree of compaction of the asphalt layer (D) is combined at least with position data from a navigation system (8) of the road paver (F) interlinked with the material-density-module (M), preferably also is combined with obtained information regarding the layer and/or the time and/or the temperature.
7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for operational optimization of the road paver (F) by means of the material-density module and by use of obtained and processed data operational parameter is or are varied like at least the frequency and/or the stroke and/or the pressing bar actuating pressure and/or the pressing bar acceleration and/or the heating power of the compacting tools (17, 19, 21).
8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for operational optimization of the road paver (F) by means of the material-density-module (M) and by use of determined and processed data further operational parameter of the road paver (F) are varied, in particular at least under consideration of the composition and/or temperature of the delivered asphalt material (A) and/or of the final degree of compaction of the asphalt layer (D) to be produced by the compaction device (V).

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