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EP2512441A2 - Activation, dependant de la temperature, d'acides nucleiques catalytiques pour une liberation controlee de principe actif - Google Patents

Activation, dependant de la temperature, d'acides nucleiques catalytiques pour une liberation controlee de principe actif

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Publication number
EP2512441A2
EP2512441A2 EP10796285A EP10796285A EP2512441A2 EP 2512441 A2 EP2512441 A2 EP 2512441A2 EP 10796285 A EP10796285 A EP 10796285A EP 10796285 A EP10796285 A EP 10796285A EP 2512441 A2 EP2512441 A2 EP 2512441A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nucleic acid
delivery system
drug delivery
catalytically active
oligonucleotide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10796285A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jiang Gao
Monika Fischler
Volker A. Erdmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magforce AG
Original Assignee
Magforce AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magforce AG filed Critical Magforce AG
Publication of EP2512441A2 publication Critical patent/EP2512441A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A61K41/0028—Disruption, e.g. by heat or ultrasounds, sonophysical or sonochemical activation, e.g. thermosensitive or heat-sensitive liposomes, disruption of calculi with a medicinal preparation and ultrasounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • A61K47/549—Sugars, nucleosides, nucleotides or nucleic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • A61K47/555—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound pre-targeting systems involving an organic compound, other than a peptide, protein or antibody, for targeting specific cells
    • A61K47/556—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound pre-targeting systems involving an organic compound, other than a peptide, protein or antibody, for targeting specific cells enzyme catalyzed therapeutic agent [ECTA]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
    • A61K47/6921—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere
    • A61K47/6923—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being an inorganic particle, e.g. ceramic particles, silica particles, ferrite or synsorb
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
    • A61K9/0009—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy involving or responsive to electricity, magnetism or acoustic waves; Galenical aspects of sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation or electroosmosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/167—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface
    • A61K9/1676—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface having a drug-free core with discrete complete coating layer containing drug
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
    • A61K9/5107—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/513—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a drug release system which functions via a catalytically active nucleic acid.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid is released in the first step by an external stimulus from a bound to a nanoparticle oligonucleotide inhibitor strand.
  • the released active nucleic acid in its second step binds to its substrate, a nanoparticle-drug conjugate, releasing a covalently, electrostatically, coordinatively or ionically bound drug or an intercalated drug.
  • the patent application WO2006 / 108405 is defined as the closest prior art and shows nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles therapeutically active substances are bound, and wherein the detachment of the therapeutically active substances from the nanoparticles caused by an alternating magnetic field or is initiated.
  • the direct thermal release of the drug from the nanoparticles has often not been effective enough to provide, at relatively low temperature increases, a therapeutically effective concentration of the drug released, e.g. in the tumor cells, to reach.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide a method and suitable compositions with coupled active ingredients for use in this method, which allows a quantitative release of the active ingredient even at low temperature increase and thus leads to a further increase in efficiency over the method disclosed in WO2006 / 108405.
  • the present invention solves the problem by providing a drug release system comprising a composition 1 and a composition 2, wherein the composition 1 is activated by means of a temperature-induced release of a catalytically active nucleic acid, and wherein the catalytically active nucleic acid in turn catalytically releases the active ingredient from the second composition , As shown in the examples, this is achieved, for example, by means of an L-RNA as the catalytically active nucleic acid, wherein the catalytically active nucleic acid is hybridized under physiological conditions with an L-DNA in the form of an inhibitor. This complex is stable for a long time in a stability test in human serum.
  • interactions with native (eg endogenous) nucleases present in the target organism can be excluded by using L-nucleic acids.
  • the melting point of the conjugate bound to the particles is adjusted so that no dehybridization occurs at physiological conditions (shown in the context of the present invention for 38 ° C, ie for a temperature which is slightly higher as the normal body temperature).
  • the double strands are so stable that the catalytic nucleic acids are completely inhibited.
  • the catalytic nucleic acids dehybridize from the inhibitor DNA, resulting in the resolution of the duplexes, and catalytically active nucleic acids are released.
  • These may now enzymatically cleave a second composition containing a carrier which is linked to a therapeutic agent via a molecule acting as a substrate for the catalytic nucleic acid. The cleavage releases the active substance, which can thus exert its effect.
  • the present invention thus relates, in a first aspect, to a drug delivery system comprising a composition 1 comprising at least one nanoparticle linked to an oligonucleotide inhibitor strand, wherein the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand is hybridized with a catalytically active nucleic acid, and a composition 2 comprising a carrier with at least one substrate molecule, wherein the substrate molecule is connected to at least one therapeutic agent, wherein the therapeutic agent is releasable by cleavage of the substrate molecule, wherein the cleavage of the substrate molecule is carried out by the catalytically active nucleic acid.
  • the present invention relates to a drug delivery system consisting of a nanoparticle linked to an oligonucleotide inhibitor strand, wherein the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand is hybridized with a catalytically active nucleic acid, and another nanoparticle linked to a substrate oligonucleotide, wherein the Substrate oligonucleotide is connected to a therapeutic agent which is releasable by cleavage of the substrate oligonucleotide by the catalytically active nucleic acid.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid preferably acts and cleaves only with respect to the substrate oligonucleotide and does not exhibit activity against other oligonucleotides.
  • physiological conditions is to be understood as meaning the physico-chemical conditions which are present intracellularly or extracellularly in the target organism, preferably in the human organism, in the respective target tissue.
  • the term “essentially no cleavage of the active ingredient” is to be understood as meaning that the term “physiological conditions”
  • Low release agent does not induce adverse reactions in the target tissue. This means in particular that over a period of 4 hours (h) less than 10%, more preferably less than 1%, and in particular less than 0.5% of the active ingredient used in a release experiment, such as Example 3A, is released.
  • catalytic nucleic acids or “catalytically active nucleic acids” mean nucleic acid molecules such as “DNAzymes”, ribozymes, modified nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs which can specifically catalyze chemical reactions without the involvement of a protein component Only naturally occurring catalytic nucleic acids can be used, but also nucleic acids produced by evolutionary methods (eg SELEX) can be used Furthermore, the catalytic nucleic acids can be prepared by means of automated solid-phase synthesis.
  • the term "caused or initiated by a magnetic alternating field” is understood to mean that the magnetic alternating field or the impulses cause the release or detachment directly, or the release or detachment indirectly, for example via the activation of enzymes or the production of heat, is effected.
  • the present invention relates to a drug release system in which the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand is covalently bound to the nanoparticle, in particular via a crosslinker (linker 1).
  • the linker 1 as well as the later introduced linker 2 and linker 3, can either be formed covalently directly from two functional groups between nanoparticle (or carrier) and oligonucleotide. This may preferably consist of a peptide bond, a triazole ring or a dithiol bridge or be formed by a different dimerization, condensation, alkylation or click reactions.
  • they may consist of a homo- or heterobifunctional crosslinker inserted between a functional group of the oligonucleotide and a functional group or the reactive surface of the nanoparticle (or carrier).
  • a modified nucleotide in oligonucleotide synthesis is preferably incorporated terminally into the oligonucleotide.
  • the used crosslinker is not cleavable under physiological conditions.
  • heterobifunctional crosslinkers have two different reactive ends, which makes it possible to sequentially carry out the conjugation and thereby avoid unwanted intramolecular side reactions.
  • the group of heterobifunctional crosslinkers includes e.g.
  • Sulfo-SMCC succinimidyl-4- (N-maleimido-methyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
  • sulfo-NHS -hydroxysulfosuccinimide
  • EDC 1-ethyl-3- [3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride
  • sulfo-LC- SPDP N-succinimidyl-3- (2-pyridyldithio) -propionate
  • amino groups introduced on the nanoparticle surface by aminosilane modification are reacted with an SH group at the 5 'end of the inhibitor oligonucleotide with the Crossliker sulfo-SMCC or sulfo-GMBS.
  • the composition 1 contains the catalytically active nucleic acid and the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand, which is covalently bonded to the particle surface, for example covalently via a bifunctional crosslinker, for example sulfo-SMCC.
  • the base sequences of catalytic nucleic acid and inhibitor strand are completely hybridized under physiological conditions, which is achieved by a largely to completely complementary base sequence.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid and / or the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand are selected from the group of RNA, DNA, L-RNA or L-DNA or modified nucleic acids.
  • Modified nucleic acids are, for example, those which have a lower nuclease sensitivity than the corresponding, naturally occurring nucleic acids.
  • modified nucleic acids are LNA, PNA, morpholino (Karkare and Bhatnagar, 2006) or GNA (Zhang and Chaput, 2010).
  • L-ribozymes are described, for example, in Seelig et al. (2000), US 2003219422 and DE 10 2009 007929.
  • functional groups for coupling into the oligonucleotide can be introduced by means of modified nucleic acids, which are preferably incorporated terminally. In particular, an SH-modified nucleotide is inserted.
  • This is preferably introduced terminally, in particular at the 5 ' end of the oligonucleotide in the synthesis. This can then be coupled, for example with the aid of one of the crosslinker sulfo-SMCC or sulfo-GMBS, to an amino group of an aminosilane-modified nanoparticle.
  • the present invention relates to a drug release system in which the linker 1 is formed by reaction of an amino group with a crosslinker and the SH group of the SH-modified nucleotide at the 5 ' end of the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand, the amino group being modified by aminosilane modification on the nanoparticle surface and the crosslinker is preferably sulfo-SMCC or sulfo-GMBS.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid preferably has a length of 10 to 100 nucleotides, in particular a length of 12 to 60 nucleotides.
  • Suitable catalytic nucleic acids are known in the art. These are optionally extended to their 5 'or 3' end in order to set a suitable hybridization temperature or to incorporate modified nucleic acids.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid used is preferably an RNA or DNA.
  • catalytically active nucleic acid molecules possess sequence specificity. This sequence specificity is due to specific base pairings formed near the cleavage site between the catalytic nucleic acid and the substrate oligonucleotide.
  • catalytically active nucleic acids can be constructed such that any nucleotide sequence can be cut in a sequence-specific manner.
  • RNA molecules In addition to naturally occurring catalytic nucleic acids such as hammerhead, hairpin, ribonuclease P and hepatitis delta virus ribozymes, a number of synthetic RNA molecules have been developed whose catalytic activity has dramatically increased in recent years as a result of the development of in vitro selection techniques (Carmi et al., 1998). "DNAzymes" are a recent product of biotechnological development, and DNA molecules with catalytic activity are obtained exclusively through in vitro selection processes, which can cleave both DNA and RNA, for example, a molecule with RNAse activity. 23 DNAzyme (Santoro et al., 1997).
  • the present invention relates to a drug delivery system in which the catalytically active nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of RNA, DNA, L-RNA, L-DNA and a modified nucleic acid, wherein the catalytically active nucleic acid in particular an SH-modified Contains nucleotide, wherein the catalytically active nucleic acid preferably has a length of 10 to 100 nucleotides and in particular a length of 12 to 60 nucleotides, wherein the catalytically active nucleic acid is preferably RNA, in particular a ribozyme, in particular a hammerhead ribozyme, and in particular containing Sequence 5 ' -GGC UCG ACU GAU GAG GCG C-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • the catalytic nucleic acids of the invention include, but are not limited to, hammerhead, hairpin, ribonuclease P, and hepatitis delta virus ribozymes, as well as ribozyme analogs derived therefrom, and other synthetic ribozymes and "DNAzymes.”
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention is hammerhead ribozymes.
  • Naturally occurring hammerhead ribozymes typically consist of a single RNA molecule that self-cleaves.
  • the sequence consists minimally of three double helices, which are connected by short linkers of conserved sequences.
  • the conserved "uridine turn” links helix 1 with helix 2.
  • Helix 2 and helix 3 are linked by the sequence GAAA, and in addition a hammerhead ribozyme contains at least one loop.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid is an L-RNA, L-DNA and / or a modified nucleic acid.
  • Modified nucleic acids are understood, for example, as those which have a lower nuclease sensitivity.
  • modified nucleic acids can be used to introduce appropriate coupling groups into the oligonucleotide.
  • ribozymes in particular a hammerhead ribozyme.
  • a particularly preferred catalytic nucleic acid contains the sequence 5 '- GGC GAU ACU UCG GAG GCG C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand is suitable for the catalytically active nucleic acid gem. constructed of general skill. Accordingly, the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand of the
  • Drug release system also RNA or, DNA, in particular L-RNA, L- DNA and / or modified nucleic acids that have lower nuclease sensitivity.
  • the inhibitor strand preferably has a length of 10 to 100 nucleotides, in particular a length of 10 to 60 nucleotides, and in particular it contains the sequence 5 - G CCT CAT CAG TCG AGC C-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 2) ,
  • the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand used is preferably a nucleic acid having a length of 10 to 100 nucleotides, in particular having a length of 10 to 60 nucleotides.
  • the chosen length of> 10 nucleotides is due to the hybridization stability, the preference to ⁇ 100 nucleotides is due to the high cost in the synthetic preparation of long oligonucleotides. Basically, this is selected so that it is fully hybridized under physiological conditions due to their base pairing with the catalytic nucleic acid and thus is largely complementary to the catalytic nucleic acid.
  • a particularly preferred nucleic acid contains the sequence 5 '- G CCT CAT CAG TCG AGC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2).
  • the invention relates to a drug delivery system in which the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand is selected from the group consisting of RNA, DNA, L-RNA, L-DNA and a modified nucleic acid, in particular containing an SH-modified nucleotide, preferably with a length of 10 to 100 nucleotides, in particular having a length of 10 to 60 nucleotides, in particular containing the sequence 5 - G CCT CAT CAG TCG AGC C-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 2).
  • the molar ratio of oligonucleotide inhibitor strand to catalytically active nucleic acid is preferably> 1, in particular 1 to 2, in order to ensure a complete hybridization of the catalytic nucleic acid.
  • the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand containing the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 and the catalytically active nucleic acid containing the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 was an optimal ratio and a sufficient stability at T ⁇ 43 ° C from 1, 0 to 1, 3, in particular of about 1, 1, determined by in vitro experiments by gel electrophoresis.
  • the present invention thus relates to a drug release system in which in the composition 1, the ratio of the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand to the catalytically active nucleic acid is> 1 and in particular 1 to 2.
  • the present invention relates to a drug delivery system in which in the composition 1, the ratio of the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand having the sequence 5 '- G CCT CAT CAG TCG AGC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2) for the catalytically active nucleic acid having the sequence 5 - GGC UCG ACU GAU GAG GCG C-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 1) is 1, 0 to 1, 3 and especially about 1.1.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid is completely hybridized with the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand under physiological conditions, in particular even up to a body temperature of below 43 ° C.
  • at temperatures of 43 ° C. and more at least one catalytically active nucleic acid, preferably 5%, more preferably 10%, in particular 20%, of the catalytic active nucleic acids containing the total amount is then dehydrated.
  • the release of the at least one catalytic nucleic acid can be measured via the in a release assay in buffer according to Example 3.
  • Significant release of the fluorochemical dye suggests dehybridization of at least one catalytic nucleic acid.
  • the invention thus relates to a drug release system in which the catalytically active nucleic acid is fully hybridized under physiological conditions with the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand and at 43 ° C at least one catalytically active nucleic acid, preferably 5%, more preferably 10%, and especially 20% of dehybridized bound, catalytically active nucleic acids.
  • the nanoparticle of composition 1 preferably contains a core containing a para or superparamagnetic iron oxide. Suitable nanoparticles are described in the prior art. In particular, nanoparticles from WO 97/38058, WO 98/58673 and WO 2009/086824 are incorporated by reference in each case for the system according to the invention).
  • the invention relates to a drug release system in which the nanoparticle has a core containing at least one paramagnetic or superparamagnetic iron oxide.
  • These nanoparticles are preferably made of a magnetic material, preferably a ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, antiferrimagnetic or superparamagnetic material, more preferably iron oxides, in particular superparamagnetic iron oxides or pure iron, which is provided with an oxide layer.
  • iron-based materials are chosen especially for their low toxicity, but in principle other metal oxides are also suitable.
  • Preferred iron oxides are magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), maghemite (y-Fe 2 O 3 ) or mixtures of these two oxides.
  • the preferred nanoparticles can be represented by the formula FeO x wherein X is an integer from 1 to 2.
  • magnétique materials of the formula FeOx wherein X is a number in the range of 1, 0 to 2.0
  • materials of the general formula MFe 2 Ü with M Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ba or other ferrites used.
  • silica or polymer particles incorporating and / or attached to magnetic materials such as the magnetic materials referred to herein.
  • the present invention relates to a drug release system in which the paramagnetic or superparamagnetic nanoparticle is heated in the alternating magnetic field.
  • the heat required for the present invention is generated by an extracorporeal magnetic alternating field which excites the preferably superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which releases, above all, hysteresis heat.
  • an extracorporeal magnetic field can be internally amplified (WO 2009/118091).
  • the alternating magnetic field can also be induced internally (WO 2009/118091). This release of heat results in the increased temperature needed to release the catalytically active nucleic acid.
  • Frequencies in the range of 10 to 500 kHz and field strengths of 0.5 to 50 kA / m, in particular 50 to 200 kHz and field strengths of 0.5 to 20 kA / m are used in particular for heating the paramagnetic or superparamagnetic nanoparticles in the alternating magnetic field. These areas are particularly tolerable and clinically proven for human treatment.
  • a heating of the tissue containing the nanoparticles to above 80 ° C, in particular to temperatures between 43 ° C and 55 ° C is possible and depending on the specific absorption rate of the particles and their concentration in the target tissue.
  • the preparation of nanoparticles, but without active ingredient and also without coating is described in detail in US 6,048,515.
  • the functionalization of the surface of the nanoparticles is known, so that amino groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, thiol groups, epoxide groups or carbonyl groups can be generated on the surface of the nanoparticles by known methods.
  • the nanoparticles are preferably based on magnetic iron-containing cores surrounded by one or more colloidal shells or coatings.
  • the core preferably consists of magnetite or maghemite.
  • the primary function of the shells is to achieve a colloidal distribution in the aqueous medium and to protect the nanoparticles from agglomeration.
  • Multishally coated particles as described in WO 98/58673, are suitable in principle as the basis for the nanoparticle conjugates, since the biological behavior of such particles can be adjusted by overcoating with polymers.
  • an iron oxide core having a diameter of 15 nm was used, which was provided with a reactive silane shell, specifically, an aminosilane shell.
  • the nanoparticles of composition 1 according to the invention preferably comprise at least one shell, preferably a silane shell or a SiO 2 shell and a silane shell. These particles are superparamagnetic and have the advantage of an inert surface compared to the pure iron particles. Thus, the iron oxide core is protected from reactions in the physiological medium;
  • the SiO 2 surface offers the advantage that the density of functionality is increased by condensation of the reactive silane on the existing SiOH groups compared to pure iron oxide. Preference is given to nanoparticles which have been coated with the functional Silane shell with a Si0 2 layer of 1-20 nm, in particular 5 nm were coated.
  • the present invention relates to a drug release system in which the nanoparticle contains at least one shell, preferably a silane shell or a SiO 2 and a silane shell.
  • nanoparticles of a non-magnetic material such as silicon oxide (Si0 2 ) (see below) or gold (Au). If nanoparticles made of non-magnetic materials are used, the excitation and heat generation in the nanoparticle area is not effected by a magnetic alternating field but by infrared radiation, for example.
  • the nanoparticles preferably have a diameter of less than 500 nm.
  • the nanoparticles preferably have an average diameter of 15 nm or are preferably in the size range from 1 to 100 nm and particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 20 nm.
  • the substrate molecule must be cleavable by the catalytically active nucleic acid, so that is released by the cleavage of the drug from the carrier-substrate molecule-drug conjugate and can exert its effect.
  • the substrate molecule is an oligonucleotide, but it may also be a cleavable peptide or another molecule which is matched to the catalytically active nucleic acid.
  • the present invention relates to a drug delivery system in which the substrate molecule is an oligonucleotide.
  • the carrier of composition 2 may be a polymer (eg, a polylactide glycolide), especially a biopolymer, an SiO 2 particle, a metallic particle, eg, gold particles, or an oxide particle. Suitable biopolymers are, for example, sugars, dextranes, chitosans or starch. Also preferred for this purpose is a surface-modified iron oxide particle.
  • the carrier may be in the form of a gel, microparticle, microsphere or nanoparticle. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition 2 is also present as an oxidic nanoparticle as described above for composition 1.
  • nanoparticle-containing medical devices as described in WO 2009/100716 (incorporated by reference).
  • the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand hybridized to the catalytically active nucleic acid and the substrate molecule-drug conjugate may be coupled to the same nanoparticle.
  • the present invention thus relates to a drug release system in which the carrier is a polymer, in particular a biopolymer, an SiO 2 particle, a metallic particle, in particular a gold particle, or an oxidic particle, preferably a surface-modified iron oxide particle as a gel, microparticles, microsphere or nanoparticles, in particular as oxidic nanoparticles, is present.
  • the carrier is a polymer, in particular a biopolymer, an SiO 2 particle, a metallic particle, in particular a gold particle, or an oxidic particle, preferably a surface-modified iron oxide particle as a gel, microparticles, microsphere or nanoparticles, in particular as oxidic nanoparticles, is present.
  • the drug release system according to the invention in one embodiment comprises two types of nanoparticles.
  • the nanoparticles which contain the active substance bound via the substrate oligonucleotide and optionally a linker to the magnetic nanoparticles and, on the other hand, the nanoparticles which hybridize the catalytically active nucleic acid to an oligonucleotide inhibitor strand.
  • a one-component system in which both components (catalytically active nucleic acid and substrate) are bound to a particle.
  • the present invention also relates to a nanoparticle associated with an oligonucleotide inhibitor strand hybridized with a catalytically active nucleic acid capable of cleaving a substrate oligonucleotide linked to another nanoparticle and a therapeutic agent.
  • the present invention relates to a nanoparticle which is associated with a therapeutic agent and with a substrate oligonucleotide, wherein the substrate oligonucleotide is cleavable by a catalytically active nucleic acid.
  • the functional principle of the drug delivery system according to the invention is as follows.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid is hybridized to an oligonucleotide inhibitor strand and is only at elevated temperature, i. released above 38 ° C, preferably above 40 ° C. This ensures that under physiological conditions and at temperatures up to 38 ° C, no release of the catalytically active nucleic acid occurs.
  • the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand to which the catalytically active nucleic acid is hybridized is in turn bound to a magnetic nanoparticle and preferably to a superparamagnetic nanoparticle.
  • the active substance to be released which is primarily an anticancer agent, is bound to another nanoparticle via a substrate oligonucleotide and optionally a linker, but may also be bound to the same nanoparticle on which the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand with the hybridized catalytically active Nucleic acid is bound.
  • the carrier or particle-drug conjugates also offer the advantage that they accumulate in tumor cells or bacterial cells and, for example, by MRI (magnetic resonance tomography) detect not only tumors of small size but even individual tumor cells. This highly sensitive detection method can be used, for example, to detect the occurrence and extent of metastasis.
  • the nanoparticles according to the invention and the active substance release system according to the invention can be used in this detection method.
  • the active substance is bound so tightly and preferably covalently to the substrate oligonucleotide that substantially no cleavage of the active substance takes place under physiological conditions.
  • the nanoparticle, to which the substrate oligonucleotide is optionally bonded via a linker, is preferably also magnetic, and in particular preferably superparamagnetic, particles in the nanometer to micrometer range.
  • the temperature in the region of the nanoparticles can be increased in such a way that the hybridized catalytically active nucleic acid is released.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid then binds to the substrate oligonucleotide and cleaves it, so that the active ingredient is detached from the nanoparticle and can develop its activity.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the drug release system according to the invention.
  • the nanoparticle-drug conjugates consist of nanoparticles (eg iron oxide, gold, S1O2 or core-shell particles of different preferably superparamagnetic materials), optionally crosslinkers and substrate oligonucleotides (DNA, RNA, modified nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs) carrying an active substance and specifically cleaved by corresponding catalytic nucleic acids.
  • substrate oligonucleotides DNA, RNA, modified nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs
  • the catalytic nucleic acids from the first component serve as a cutting tool after thermal release to cleave the substrate oligonucleotide strand.
  • the active substance symbolized by the star in Figure 2, is subsequently released.
  • the advantage of the active substance release system according to the invention lies in the catalytic activity of the nucleic acids and the resulting increased efficiency in the enzymatic release of the active ingredient from the nanoparticle-active substance conjugate. Due to the enzymatic nature of the catalytically active nucleic acids, only low concentrations of catalytic nucleic acids are necessary to release therapeutically effective concentration of the drug from the nanoparticle-drug conjugate.
  • the temperature-dependent activation of the catalytic nucleic acids can be e.g. be varied as desired by the length of the inhibitor sequence or the hybridization ratios between inhibitor and catalytic nucleic acids.
  • the rate of drug release or the amount of the released active ingredients are dependent on the local temperature or the concentrations of the components, so that possible side effects of the active ingredient on normal cells can be minimized.
  • the substrate molecule is covalently bound to the support, preferably via a linker 2.
  • the linker 2 is selected according to general knowledge depending on the reactive groups of the carrier or the substrate molecule present. Possibly. a modified nucleic acid, in particular terminally modified nucleic acid, is used to provide, for example, an amino group on the substrate oligonucleotide side.
  • the same crosslinkers can be used as were described above for linker 1.
  • Preferred linkers are sulfo-SMCC and sulfo-GMBS.
  • the present invention relates to a drug release system in which the substrate molecule is covalently, in particular via a linker 2 covalently connected to the carrier, wherein the linker is preferably sulfo-SMCC or sulfo-GMBS.
  • the substrate oligonucleotide is preferably selected from DNA, RNA, L-DNA, L-RNA and modified nucleic acids.
  • modified nucleic acids those which have lower nuclease sensitivity are preferred To prevent or reduce spontaneous release by the activity of naturally occurring nucleases.
  • modified nucleotides can be incorporated which contain an additional reactive group, a coupling functionalization. These are preferably installed terminally.
  • Preferred functions are in particular amino, thiol, or Corboxyl, alkyne or azide function.
  • the present invention thus relates to a drug delivery system in which the substrate oligonucleotide is selected from the group consisting of DNA, RNA, L-DNA, L-RNA and a modified nucleic acid, wherein the modified nucleic acid preferably a particular terminal coupling functionalization, in particular a Amino, thiol, or Corboxyl, alkyne or azide function.
  • the substrate oligonucleotide is selected from the group consisting of DNA, RNA, L-DNA, L-RNA and a modified nucleic acid, wherein the modified nucleic acid preferably a particular terminal coupling functionalization, in particular a Amino, thiol, or Corboxyl, alkyne or azide function.
  • any molecule which can be cleaved by catalytically active nucleic acid selected for composition 1 can be used as substrate molecule.
  • this cleavage is specific.
  • Corresponding pairs of catalytic nucleic acids and their substrates are well known in the art.
  • Substrate oligonucleotides preferably have a length of 10 to 100 nt, more preferably 15-60 nt, in particular 20-30 nt. Again, oligonucleotides greater than 100 nt are usually too expensive. Detection sequences of substrates are usually at least 10 nt in length.
  • catalytically active nucleic acid is a substrate oligonucleotide is in particular comprising the sequence 5 '- GCG CCG AAA CAC GUC CGU UCG AGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3) is preferred.
  • the present invention relates to a drug delivery system in which the substrate oligonucleotide is from 10 to 100 nucleotides in length, preferably from 15 to 60 nucleotides in length, more preferably from 20 to 30 nucleotides in length, especially containing Sequence 5 - GCG CCG AAA CAC CGU GUC UCG AGC-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • the active substance release system according to the invention comprises at least one therapeutic agent which is selected from the group comprising nucleic acids, siRNAs, antisense RNAs, amino acids, aptamers, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, glycans, lipids, lipoproteins and low molecular weight active substances. Particularly preferred are low molecular weight drugs.
  • anti-proliferative, cytostatic, cytotoxic, anti-migratory, anti-angiogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and / or antifungal active ingredients in particular cytostatic or cytotoxic effect
  • antiproliferative, anti-migratory, anti-angiogenic, cytostatic and / or cytotoxic agents and nucleic acids in particular inhibitory nucleic acids (eg siRNA), amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, glycoproteins, glycans or lipoproteins with anti-proliferative, anti-migrative, anti-angiogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, cytostatic, cytotoxic, anti-coagulative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and / or anti-mycotic properties are preferred.
  • these substances may also be radiosensitizers or sensitizers or enhancers of other substances.
  • the present invention thus relates to a drug delivery system in which the therapeutic agent is selected from the group comprising nucleic acids, siRNAs, antisense RNAs, amino acids, aptamers, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, glycans, lipids, lipoproteins and low molecular weight drugs, the is a therapeutic agent, in particular a small molecule, and preferably an anti-proliferative, cytostatic, cytotoxic, anti-migratory, anti-angiogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-phlogistic, anti-coagulative, anti-bacterial, anti- viral and / or antifungal activity, in particular has a cytostatic or cytotoxic effect, in particular wherein the therapeutic agent is doxorubicin or methotrexate.
  • the therapeutic agent is selected from the group comprising nucleic acids, siRNAs, antisense RNAs, amino acids, aptamers, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, gly
  • cytotoxic and / or cytostatic compounds ie chemical compounds with cytotoxic and / or cytostatic properties can include alkylating agents, antibiotics with cytostatic properties, antimetabolites, microtubule inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors, platinum-containing compounds and other cytotoxic agents such as asparaginase, tretinoin, alkaloids , Podophyllotoxins, taxanes and Miltefosin ® , hormones, immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, signal transducers (signal transduction molecules) and cytokines.
  • alkylating agents such as asparaginase, tretinoin, alkaloids , Podophyllotoxins, taxanes and Miltefosin ® , hormones, immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, signal transducers (signal transduction molecules) and cytokines.
  • alkylating agents there may be mentioned, among others, chloroethamine, cyclophosphamide, trofosfamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulfan, thiotepa, carmustine, lomustine, dacarbazine, procarbazine, temozolomide, treosulfan, estramustine and nimustine.
  • antibiotics with cytostatic properties are daunorubicin as well as liposomal daunorubicin, doxorubicin (adriamycin), dactinomycin, mitomycin C, bleomycin, epirubicin (4-epi-adriamycin), idarubicin, dactinomycin, mitoxantrone, amsacrine and actinomycin D.
  • Methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, 6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, fludarabine, cladribine, pentostatin, gemcitabine, cytarabine, azathioprine, raltitrexed, capecitabine, cytosine arabinoside, tioguanine and mercaptopurine may be cited as examples of antimetabolites (antimetabolic agents).
  • the class of alkaloids and podophyllotoxins include, but are not limited to, vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, etoposide, and teniposide.
  • platinum-containing compounds can be used according to the invention.
  • platinum containing compounds may be mentioned, for example, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
  • To the microtubule inhibitors include, for example alkaloids, such as vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, Venorelbin) and paclitaxel (Taxol ®), as well as derivatives of paclitaxel.
  • topoisomerase inhibitors include etoposide, teniposide, camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan.
  • Paclitaxel and docetaxel are examples of the compound class of taxanes and among the other cytostatic agents (other cytostatics) include, for example hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea), imatinib, miltefosine ®, amsacrine, topotecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor), pentostatin, bexarotene, tretinoin and asparaginase ,
  • cytostatic agents include, for example hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea), imatinib, miltefosine ®, amsacrine, topotecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor), pentostatin, bexarotene, tretinoin and asparaginase
  • Representatives of the compound class of monoclonal antibodies include trastuzumab (Herceptin ®), alemtuzumab (Campath ®) and rituximab (MabThera ®).
  • Hormones such as glucocorticoids (prednisone), estrogens (Fosfestrol, estramustine), LHRH (buserelin, goserelin, leuprorelin, triptorelin), flutamide, cyproterone acetate, tamoxifen, toremifene, aminoglutethimide, formestane, exemestane, letrozole and anastrozole can also be used.
  • prednisone prednisone
  • estrogens Frasfestrol, estramustine
  • LHRH buserelin, goserelin, leuprorelin, triptorelin
  • flutamide cyproterone acetate
  • tamoxifen toremifene
  • aminoglutethimide aminoglutethimide
  • formestane exemestane
  • letrozole and anastrozole can also be used.
  • cytokines cytokines, antibodies and signal interleukin-2, interferon- ⁇ , erythropoietin, G-CSF, trastuzumab, rituximab, Efitinib count (Iressa ®), Ibritumomab (Zevalin ®), levamisole, as well as retinoids.
  • the drug to be released may also be an opioid agonist, a nonopioid analgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug, an anti-migraine drug, a Cox-II inhibitor, a ⁇ -adrenergic blocker, an anticonvulsant, antidepressant, Ca 2+ channel blocker or drug for the treatment of neuronal or neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, anxiety, epilepsy, stroke, psychosis, cognitive disorders or depression.
  • NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
  • the drug release system and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are used for the treatment as well as the prophylaxis of diseases in which the controlled drug release properties can be exploited to control the drug, in therapeutically relevant concentrations, only in the cells of the target tissue.
  • Another significant advantage of the present invention is the possibility of controlled time-dependent drug release of an agent from the particles by applying an external alternating magnetic field in magnetic particles or by irradiation with infrared waves in non-magnetic particles. As a result, at a certain point in time, for example during a migraine attack or when severe pain occurs, targeted and timely controlled release of active ingredient to treat the disorder, pain or other diseases.
  • the drug delivery system and the pharmaceutical compositions containing it also for the prophylaxis and treatment of pain, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Examples of useful opioid agonists include: alfentanil, allylprodin, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine, bezitramide, bubrenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazene, codeine, desomorphine, dextromoramide, decocin, diampromide, diamorphone, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiambutene , Ethylmorphine, etonitazene fentanyl, heroin, hydrocodone.hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine, isomethadone, ketobemidone, levorphanol, levophenacylmorphan, lofentanil, meperidine, meptazinol, metazocine, methadone, metopon, morphine, myrophin, nalbuphine, narcein, nicomorphine,
  • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) agents examples include aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, flubufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, piroprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pramoprofen, muroprofen , Trioxaprofen, suprofen, aminoprofen, tiaprofenoic acid, fluprofen, bucloxinic acid, indomethacin, sulindac, tolmetin, zomepirac, tiopinac, zidometacin, acemetacin, fentiazac, clidanac, oxpinac, mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, to
  • nonopioid analgesics include the following chemical classes of analgesic, antipyretic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) agents: salicylic acid derivatives including aspirin, sodium salicylate, choline-magnesium trisalicylate, salsalate, diflunisal, salicylic acid bicylic acid, sulfasalazine, and olsalazine; para-aminophenol derivatives, including acetaminophen and phenacetin; Indole and indenoacetic acid, including indomethacin, sulindac and etodolac; Heteroarylacetic acids, including tolmetin, diclofenac and ketorolac; Anthranilic acid (fenamate), including mefenamic acid and meclofenamic acid; Enolic acids, including oxicams (piroxicam, tenoxicam) and pyrazolidinediones (phenylbutazone, oxy
  • Cox-II inhibitors and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors are: celecoxib, etoricoxib, rofecoxib, parecoxib and valdecoxib.
  • useful anti-migraine agents include: Alpiropride, Bromocriptine, Dihydroergotamine, Dolasetron, Ergocornine, Ergocorninine, Ergocryptine, Ergonovine, Ergot, Ergotamine, Flumedroxone acetate, Fonazine, Ketanserin, Lisurid, Lomerizine, Methylergonovine, Methysergide, Metoprolol, Naratriptan, oxetoron, pizotylin, propranolol, risperidone, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, timolol, trazodone, zolmitriptan and mixtures thereof.
  • ⁇ -adrenergic blocking agents are: acebutolol, alprenolol, amosulabol, arotinolol, atenolol, befunolol, betaxolol, bevantolol, bisoprolol, bopindolol, bucumolol, bufetolol, bufuralol, bunitrolol, bupranolol, butidrine hydrochloride, butofilolol, carazolol, Carteolol, Carvedilol, Celiprolol, Cetamolol, Chloranolol, Dilevalol, Epanolol, Esmolol, Indenolol, Labetalol, Levobunolol, Mepindolol, Metipranolol, Metoprolol, Moprolol, Nadolol,
  • Examples of useful anticonvulsants include: acetylpheneturides, albutoin, aloxidone, aminoglutethimides, 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid, atrolactamide, beclamid, buramate, calcium bromide, carbamazepine, cinromide, clomethiazole, clonazepam, decimemide, diethadione, dimethadione, doxenitroin, etterobarb , Ethadione, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fluoreson, gabapentin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, lamotrigine, magnesium bromide, magnesium sulfate, mephenytoin, mephobarbital, metharbital, methetoin, methsimide, 5-methyl-5- (3-phenanthryl) -hydantoin, 3-methyl 5-phenylhydantoin, narcobarbital,
  • Phenylmethylbarbituric acid Phenylmethylbarbituric acid, phenytoin, phethenylate sodium, potassium bromide, pregabalin, primidone, progabide, sodium bromide, solanum, strontium bromide, suclofenide, sulthiam, tetrantoin, tiagabine, topiramate, trimethadione, valproic acid, valpromide, vigabatrin and zonisamide.
  • Examples of useful antidepressants are: Binedalin, Caroxazone, Citalopram, (S) -citalopram, Dimethazan.Fencamine, Indalphin, Indeloxazine Hydrochloride, Nefopam, Nomifensine, Oxitriptan, Oxypertin, Paroxetine, Setralin, Thiazesim, Trazodone, Benmoxin, Iprociozide , Iproniazid, isocarboxazid, nialamide, octamoxine, phenelzine, cotinine, rolicyprin, rolipram, maprotiline, metralindole, mianserin, mirtazepine, adinazolam, amitriptyline, amitriptyline, amoxapine, butriptyline, clomipramine, demexiptiline, desipramine, dibenzepine, dimet
  • Ca 2+ channel blockers examples include bepridil, clentiazem, diltiazem, fendiline, gallopamil, mibefradil, prenylamine, semiotiadil, terdiline, verapamil, amlodipine, aranidipine, barnidipine, benidipine, cilnidipine, efonidipine, elgodipine, felodipine, isradipine , Lacidipine, Lercanidipine, Manidipine, Nicardipine, Nifedipine, Nilvadipine, Nimodipine, Nisoldipine, Nitrendipine, Cinnarizine, Flunarizine, Lidoflazine, Lomerizine, Bencyclan, Etafenone, Fantofarone and Perhexiline.
  • Examples of useful agents in the treatment of neuronal or neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, anxiety, epilepsy, stroke, psychosis, cognitive disorders or depression include: L-dopa, anticholinergics, COMT inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors , Buspirone, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Valproic Acid, Carbamazepine, Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, noradrenaline serotonin-selective antidepressants and trimipramine.
  • Parkinson's disease Carbidopa / levodopa, pergolide, bromocriptine, ropinirole, pramipexole, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, amantadine and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride.
  • benzodiazepines e.g. Alprazolam, Breadizolam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clobazam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Demoxepam, Diazepam, Estazolam, Flumazenil, Flurazepam, Halazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Nitrazepam, Nordazepam, Oxazepam, Prazepam, Quazepam, Temazepam and Triazolam;
  • Non-benzodiazepine drugs such as e.g.
  • Buspirone Gepirone, Ipsapirone, Tiospirone, Zolpicon, Zolpidem and Zaleplon; Tranquillizers from the group of barbiturates, e.g. Amobarbital, Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Butalbital, Mephobarbital, Methohexital, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital and Thiopental; and propanediol carbamate, such as meprobamate and tybamate.
  • carbamazepine ethosuximide, gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, valproic acid, trimethadione, benzodiazepines, ⁇ -vinyl GABA, acetazolamide and felbamate.
  • Anticoagulant agents e.g. Heparin
  • drugs that can dissolve clotted blood clots such as streptokinase or tissue-specific plasminogen activators and drugs that reduce swelling, such as mannitol, corticosteroids or acetylsalicylic acid.
  • phentothiazines such as chlorpromazine hydrochloride, mesoridazine besylate and thoridazine hydrochloride;
  • Thioxanthenes such as chloroprothixene and thiothixene hydrochloride, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, quetiapine fumarate, haloperidol, haloperidol decanoate, loxapine succinate, molindone hydrochloride, primocid and ziprasidone.
  • agents for the treatment of dementia e.g. tacrine; Donepezil, ibuprofen and antipsychotic agents such as thioridazine and haloperidol.
  • amitryptyline amoxapine, bupropion, clomiopramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, maprotiline, nefazadone, nortriptyline, protriptyline, trazodone, trimipramine, venlafaxine, citalopram, (S) -citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, Setralin, isocarboazide, pargyline, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate.
  • the aforementioned active ingredients are preferably covalently bound to the substrate oligonucleotide.
  • the binding of the active ingredients can be carried out, for example, via hydroxyl groups, amino groups, carbonyl groups, thiol groups or carboxyl groups, depending on which functional groups the respective active ingredient carries.
  • Hydroxy groups are preferably bonded as ester, acetal or ketal, thio groups preferably as thioester, thioacetal or thioketal, amino groups preferably as amides and partly also as imines (Schiff bases), carboxyl groups preferably as esters or amides and carbonyl groups preferably as ketals.
  • the active ingredients doxorubicin and methotrexate are preferred.
  • Methotrexate can be covalently linked by means of a peptide bond via an amino group, which in the substrate oligonucleotide preferably terminally coupled via a carboxy group of the methotrexate.
  • doxorubicin could be coupled as a prodrug via a linker to the amino function as described for albumin-doxorubicin conjugates in the art (Abu Ajaj et al., 2009, Boga et al., 2009, Calderon et al., 2009 , Kratz et al., 2008).
  • the attachment of the at least one therapeutically active substance to the substrate oligonucleotide i.
  • the molecules of at least one therapeutically active substance class or of a specific active ingredient are preferably covalently or by a predominantly covalent bond and / or by a sufficiently strong ionic bond, insertion compound, complex binding or by intercalation, so that an uncontrolled release of therapeutically active substance is largely omitted.
  • Uncontrolled release is understood to mean the detachment of therapeutically active substance in healthy tissue, in particular the detachment without cleavage of the substrate oligonucleotide by the catalytic nucleic acid of the first component.
  • the catalytic nucleic acid is separated from its oligonucleotide inhibitor strand, for example by means of an alternating magnetic field, in particular an external or externally applied alternating magnetic field (pulse) or by IR radiation for gold nanoparticles.
  • the free catalytic nucleic acid then binds the substrate oligonucleotide in the nanoparticle-drug conjugate and releases by cleavage of the substrate, the drug together with the attached oligonucleotide.
  • the single-stranded oligonucleotide is rapidly degraded inside the cell, so that then the drug is completely free.
  • the therapeutic agent is covalently linked, in particular via a linker 3, to the substrate oligonucleotide.
  • a linker 3 This can be done as described above for linkers 1 and 2 by direct attachment, in particular formation of a peptide bond between the active substance and substrate molecule, but also by a homo- or heterobifunctional crosslinker.
  • the present invention thus relates to a drug delivery system in which the therapeutic agent is covalently, in particular via a linker 3 covalently connected to the substrate molecule.
  • the linker 3 is a peptide bond or a hydrazone, the latter having the advantage that it is in the acidic environment of the lysosome or the tumor of the substrate residue, i. the part that is still present after cleavage on the active ingredient, split off and thus the original structure of the drug is restored.
  • Methotrexate can be covalently coupled via a peptide bond via an amino group, which has preferably been terminally incorporated into the substrate oligonucleotide via a carboxy group of the methotrexate.
  • Doxorubicin can be coupled as a prodrug via the amino group (Abu Ajaj et al., 2009, Boga et al., 2009, Calderon et al., 2009, Kratz et al., 2008).
  • the present invention relates to a drug delivery system in which the linker 3 is selected from the group consisting of an amino group and hydrazone, in particular wherein methotrexate is coupled via a peptide bond between the amino group with a carboxy group of the methotrexate.
  • the therapeutic agent is inactive as long as it is bound to the substrate molecule and / or the linker 3. With release of the substrate oligonucleotide or linker 3 by the cleavage of the substrate molecule or after subsequent uptake by a cell, the active ingredient is then activated.
  • the cleaved agent may still contain a portion of the now cleaved substrate molecule and linker 3 and thus be deactivated.
  • cleavable, in particular enzymatically cleavable or acid-labile crosslinkers can be used in the cell, in particular hydrazones, which are split upon entry into the lysosome and release the active ingredient.
  • the present invention relates to a drug delivery system in which the therapeutic agent is inactive while bound to the substrate molecule and / or the linker 3, and in which the therapeutic agent is released from the substrate molecule or released from the linker, respectively 3 or after subsequent uptake by a cell is activated.
  • a short nucleotide strand may remain in the cleavage still on the active ingredient, which, however, degraded under physiological conditions and does not or not significantly affect the effectiveness of the drug.
  • a protective sheath or barrier coating may be therapeutic Prevent active substances until the nanoparticles have reached their destination.
  • this protective cover or barrier coating or as a further layer on this protective cover or Barrier coating can be applied to an outer layer carrying cell-specific functionalities.
  • This cell-specific coating increases the affinity of the nanoparticles for certain cells, for example to specific bacterial cells or to specific tumor cells and thus serves for cell discrimination.
  • Such cell-specific nanoparticles preferentially accumulate in such cells to which they have an increased affinity on their surface due to the functionality and are thus tumor-specific.
  • this technology allows the development of tumor-specific nanoparticles for certain cancers.
  • the nanoparticles can be stabilized by a colloidal protective sheath, which protect the nanoparticles from agglomeration. It is preferred if such protective sheaths or coatings have amino groups or carboxy groups.
  • a colloidal protective sheath which protect the nanoparticles from agglomeration.
  • Such protective sheaths or coatings have amino groups or carboxy groups.
  • biological, synthetic or semisynthetic polymers can be used.
  • biostable i. extensively resistant polymers are used against biodegradation.
  • biodegradable polymers are preferably used for the production of cell-specific casings or coatings.
  • biostable polymers may be used: polyacrylic acid and polyacrylates such as polymethylmethacrylate, polybutylmethacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitriles, polyamides, polyetheramides, polyethyleneamine, polyimides, polycarbonates, polycarbourethanes, polyvinyl ketones, polyvinyl halides, polyvinylidene halides, polyvinyl ethers, polyisobutylenes, polyvinylaromatics, polyvinyl esters, polyvinylpyrollidones, polyoxymethylenes, polytetramethylene oxide , Polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethanes, polyether urethanes, silicone polyether urethanes, silicone polyurethanes, silicone-polycarbonate urethanes, polyolefin elastomers, polyisobutylenes, EPDM rubbers, fluorosilicones, carboxy- methyl chi
  • biodegradable polymers it is possible to use: polyvalerolactones, poly- ⁇ -decalactones, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid polylactides, polyglycolides, copolymers of polylactides and polyglycolides, poly-s-caprolactone, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyvalerates, polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerates, poly ( 1, 4-dioxane-2,3-diones), poly (1,3-dioxan-2-ones), poly-para-dioxanones, polyanhydrides such as polymaleic anhydrides, polyhydroxymethacrylates, fibrin, polycyanoacrylates, polycaprolactone-dimethylacrylates, poly- ⁇ - Maleic acid polycaprolactone butyl acrylates,
  • Multiblock polymers such as oligocaprolactone diols and oligodioxanonediols, polyether ester multiblock polymers such as PEG and poly (butylene terephthalate), polypivotolactones, polyglycolic acid trimethylcarbonates, polycaprolactone glycolides, poly (D-ethylglutamate), poly (DTH-iminocarbonate), poly (DTE-co-DT-carbonate), Poly (bisphenol A-iminocarbonate), polyorthoesters, polyglycolic acid trimethylcarbonates, polytrimethylcarbonates, polyiminocarbonates, poly (N-vinyl) -pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohols, polyesteramides, glycolated polyesters, polyphosphoesters, polyphosphazenes, poly [(p-carboxyphenoxy) propane] polyhydroxypentanoic acid, polyanhydrides, Polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide, polyurethanes, polyure
  • monoclonal antibodies and / or aptamers can be coupled on the surface of the nanoparticles or on the outer layer or shell of the nanoparticles.
  • the monoclonal antibodies and aptamers are designed in such a way that they recognize certain cells, for example tumor cells, and further increase the cell discrimination of the nanoparticles.
  • the catalytically active nucleic acid if it is dissociated from the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand, can cleave the substrate molecule.
  • the concentration of the substrate molecule is> K M , where k cat is preferably> 0.05 / min, more preferably> 0.5 / min, more preferably 1 / min, and especially ⁇ 5 / min.
  • composition 1 The ratio of composition 1 to composition 2 is preferably ⁇ 2, in particular 1.
  • the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand, the catalytically active nucleic acid and the substrate oligonucleotide are each a mirrored nucleic acid.
  • the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand is a L-DNA, in particular comprising the sequence 5 '- G CCT CAT CAG TCG AGC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2), wherein the catalytically active nucleic acid is a L-RNA is, in particular comprising the sequence 5 '- GGC UCG ACU GAU GAG GCG C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 1), and that the substrate oligonucleotide is an L-RNA, in particular comprising the sequence 5 - GCG CCG AAA CAC CGU GUC UCG AGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • a particularly suitable drug release system could be implemented according to the examples.
  • Another object of this invention is a composition 1 as defined in this invention.
  • a composition 1 can be sold as a single product, e.g. a patient had previously had a composition 2 implanted earlier, for example, during a previous surgery.
  • the active ingredient coupled to such an implant could thus be split off at a later time by separate addition of the composition 1 and thus activated.
  • the composition can be injected into the implant (eg sponge-like polymers), to the implant (in feeding (blood) vessels or in close proximity) or administered systemically (zBi V.), especially if the composition 1 via a targeting mechanism accumulates in the target tissue.
  • composition 2 as defined in the context of the present invention. As described above, this can be implanted at an earlier point in time, for example during an operation, at specific locations in the body in order to release the coupled active substance at a later point in time.
  • the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions or medicaments containing the drug release system according to the invention or one of the inventive compositions 1 or 2, as well as the use of the drug delivery system according to the invention for the preparation of such pharmaceutical compositions.
  • These pharmaceutical compositions are, in particular, infusion or injection solutions.
  • Such solutions of the nanoparticles, in, for example, physiological saline, are suitable for interstitial or intratumoral application.
  • Intra-arterial or intravenous administration also allows a systemic, whole-body therapeutic option for non-solid and / or metastatic tumor types.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions or medicaments are formulated according to skill in the art, i. if necessary, suitable buffers and auxiliaries are added.
  • the present invention relates to a medicament containing a drug delivery system as defined in the context of the present invention.
  • the drug release system and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are used for the treatment as well as the prophylaxis of diseases characterized by degenerate cell species or foreign cells and in which the controlled drug release properties can be exploited to control the drug at therapeutically relevant concentrations, only in the degenerate cells release.
  • Degenerate cells are especially cancer cells or in their proliferation disordered cells as well as stenotic or restenotic tissue. In particular, bacteria can be mentioned as foreign cells.
  • the drug delivery system and the pharmaceutical compositions or medicament containing it are used for the prophylaxis and / or treatment of proliferative diseases, tumors, carcinomas, cancer, inflammatory diseases, especially autoimmune diseases, and bacterial infections.
  • the invention relates to a medicament containing an inventive drug delivery system for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of proliferative diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases, in particular autoimmune diseases, and bacterial infections.
  • Examples of types of cancer and tumors where the nanoparticles according to the invention can be used are: adenocarcinomas, choroidal melanoma, acute leukemia, acoustic neuroma, ampoule carcinoma, anal carcinoma, astrocytomas, basalioma, pancreatic cancer, connective tissue tumor, bladder cancer, bronchial carcinoma, non-small cell Bronchial carcinoma, breast cancer, Burkitt's lymphoma, corpus carcinoma, CUP syndrome, colon cancer, small bowel cancer, small intestine tumors, ovarian cancer, endometrial carcinoma, ependymoma, epithelial cancers, Ewing tumors, gastrointestinal tumors, gall bladder cancer, bile carcinomas, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, glioblastomas, gynecological tumors, Ear, nose and throat tumors, hematological neoplasias, hairy cell leukemia, urethral cancer, skin cancer, brain tumors
  • osteoplastic carcinoma osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, penile cancer, plasmocytoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, prostate cancer, pharyngeal cancer, rectal carcinoma, retinoblastoma, vaginal cancer, thyroid carcinoma, Schneeberger disease, esophageal cancer, spinal, T-cell lymphoma (Mycosis fungoides), Thymoma, tubal carcinoma, tumors of the eye, urethral cancer, urological tumors, urothelial carcinoma, vulvar cancer, wart involvement, soft tissue tumors, soft tissue sarcoma, Wilms tumor, cervical carcinoma and tongue cancer.
  • Especially solid tumors are preferred. Also preferred are prostatic carcinomas, brain tumors, sarcomas, cervical carcinomas, ovarian cancers, breast cancers, bronchial carcinomas, melanomas, head and neck tumors, esophageal carcinomas, rectal cancers, pancreatic, bladder and renal carcinomas, metastases of the liver, brain, and lymph nodes.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a medicament in which the compositions 1 and 2 are introduced into the patient simultaneously or successively.
  • the medicament according to the invention can be embodied such that the compositions 1 and 2 are introduced simultaneously or in succession, ie in the form of a kit as separate products, in particular by intratumoral, interstitial or intraperitoneal injection into the patient.
  • both sequences are possible.
  • the composition 2 containing the active ingredient can be introduced, which is split off by subsequent injection of the composition 1 and subsequent heating (as described above) and thus activated.
  • the medicament according to the invention comprising the compositions 1 and / or the composition 2 are introduced into the tumor bed or the resection cavity when a tumor is removed.
  • the present invention relates to a medicament in which compositions 1 and 2 are introduced into the tumor bed upon removal of a tumor.
  • a further subject of the present invention is furthermore a process for the release of an active ingredient of composition 2 as described above comprising the steps:
  • composition 1 as described above in close proximity to composition 2 under conditions which allow the diffusion of the released, catalytically active nucleic acid to the substrate oligonucleotide and its cleavage, and
  • Figure 1 shows the cleavage of the fluorescent dye Alexa-647, which serves as a model substance for any drug, by means of the drug delivery system of the invention.
  • the middle curve (- ⁇ -) shows the increase in fluorescence in the reaction supernatant by free Alexa-647, which is released from the nanoparticle-drug conjugate after activation of the catalytically active RNA sequence by dehybridization at 49 ° C.
  • the second curve from the bottom shows that dehybridization does not take place at 37 ° C. because no increase in the fluorescence intensity in the supernatant can be detected.
  • the lowest curve (- ⁇ -) shows the negative control in the absence of a catalytic nucleic acid.
  • the top curve (- ⁇ -) shows the positive control where the nanoparticle drug conjugate was incubated with the uninhibited catalytically active RNA single strand.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the drug delivery system according to the invention, in which the catalytically active nucleic acid and the substrate oligonucleotide to be cleaved with the active ingredient are bound to two different nanoparticles.
  • the nanoparticles with his Silicon oxide coating is shown on the left as a sphere.
  • the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand is bound to the nanoparticle, and the catalytically active nucleic acid is hybridized to the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand.
  • the substrate oligonucleotide is bound, which is linked at the other end with the active ingredient (shown as a star).
  • the annealing of the released catalytically active nucleic acid is shown to the substrate oligonucleotide and finally the cleaved substrate oligonucleotide is shown, which has released the drug.
  • Figure 3 Schematic representation of the drug delivery system.
  • the system consists of compositions 1 and 2, wherein heating leads to dehybridization of oligonucleotide inhibitor strand and catalytically active nucleic acid, which is now released and can enzymatically cleave its substrate molecule. In turn, this cleavage releases the therapeutic agent from composition 2 and thus activates it.
  • Figure 4 Temperature-dependent release of the fluorescent dye Alexa-647 coupled to the substrate oligonucleotide from nanoparticles / (L) - substrate-oligonucleotide conjugates in the presence of a nanoparticle / (L) - oligonucleotide inhibitor strand / ribozyme conjugate in buffer.
  • the RFU in the supernatant was measured after 1, 2, 3 and 4 h incubation at 37 ° C and 49 ° C, respectively.
  • nanoparticles / (L) -substrate oligonucleotide conjugates with free L-ribozyme as negative control only nanoparticles / (L) -substrate oligonucleotide conjugates with reaction buffer were used.
  • Figure 5 Temperature-dependent release of the fluorescent dye Alexa-647 coupled to the substrate oligonucleotide from nanoparticles / (L) - substrate oligonucleotide conjugates in the presence of a nanoparticle / (L) - oligonucleotide inhibitor strand / ribozyme conjugates in human serum.
  • the RFU in the supernatant was measured after 1, 2, 3 and 4 h incubation at 37 ° C and 49 ° C, respectively.
  • nanoparticle / (L) substrate oligonucleotide Conjugates with free L-ribozyme used as negative control only nanoparticles / (L) - substrate-oligonucleotide conjugates with reaction buffer.
  • Figure 6 Stability of L and R ribozyme in serum. 30 pmol aliquots of the respective 19 bp ribozyme were analyzed for their degradation after incubation in human serum at 37 ° C. and given time. The degradation of the 19 bp RNA was visualized in a 15% denaturing polyacrylamide gel after EtBr staining in UV light. Part A shows the degradation within 0 - 48 h for the L-ribozyme, part B within 0 - 180 sec for the R-ribozyme.
  • Example 1 Temperature-dependent cleavage of the fluorescent dye Alexa-647 by catalytic nucleic acids
  • Example 1 shows the temperature-dependent cleavage of the fluorescent dye Alexa-647 (serves as a model substance for any drug) by means of the described system.
  • the catalytic nucleic acid is a ribozyme having the sequence: 5 '- GGC GAU ACU UCG GAG GCG C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 1) with an inhibitor having the sequence: 5 '- CCT CAT CAG G TCG AGC C -3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 2), wherein the 5 ' terminal nucleotide carries an SH group.
  • the double-stranded RNA is linked via the SH group and a sulfo-SMCC crosslinker to an amino group of the iron oxide nanoparticle with iron oxide core, SiO 2 shell, and DIAMO surface functionalization.
  • the nanoparticle-drug conjugate composed of the substrate oligonucleotide and covalently bound Alexa-647 as (model substance, already coupled purchased from IBA, Göttingen) with the sequence: 5 '- GCG CCG AAA CAC CGU GUC UCG AGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3), wherein the 5 ' -terminal nucleotide carries an SH group which has the SH group and a sulfo-SMCC crosslinker with an amino group of the iron oxide nanoparticle with iron oxide core, Si0 2 shell and DIAMO surface functionalization is connected.
  • the heating periods during the experiment are shown in FIG. 1 as bars.
  • the middle curve (- ⁇ -) shows the increase in fluorescence in the reaction supernatant by free Alexa-647, which is released from the nanoparticle-drug conjugate after activation of the catalytically active RNA sequence by dehybridization at 49 ° C.
  • the dehybridization does not take place and the ribozyme remains inhibited, therefore no increase of the fluorescence intensity in the supernatant is detected.
  • the nanoparticle-drug conjugate (NP cross-linker substrate strand with Alexa-647) was used in the absence of a catalytic nucleic acid.
  • the nanoparticle-drug conjugate was incubated with the non-inhibited catalytically active RNA single strand.
  • Example 2 Nanoparticle-nucleic acid coupling with sulfo-SMCC
  • sulfo-SMCC was used as linker for coupling between 5-terminal thiol group-modified oligonucleotides in L-form and iron oxide nanoparticles. This was done for the substrate oligonucleotides and the oligonucleotide inhibitor strand / ribozyme duplexes that were hybridized before coupling in the molar ratio 1.1: 1 in PBS (pH 6.7).
  • SEQ ID NO: 3 i is the site in the substrate oligonucleotide (Ruffner and Uhlenbeck, 1990).
  • the 15 nm iron oxide nanoparticles contain about 550 amine groups per particle.
  • the oligonucleotides were first reduced with 1 mM TCEP (Sigma).
  • TCEP 1 mM TCEP
  • sulfo-SMCC Sigma
  • the iron oxide nanoparticles with sulfo-SMCC with a concentration of 2.2 mM in PBS (pH 7.4) were incubated for 1 h at room temperature at 1000 rpm (revolutions per minute) in a thermomixer Reaction brought. The excess of linker was separated by centrifugation. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were distilled twice with dist. washed.
  • the reduced oligonucleotides were then added in a molar ratio of oligonucleotides to nanoparticles of 65: 1 and incubated in PBS (pH 6.7) at 4 ° C rotating overnight. Unconjugated oligonucleotides were separated by centrifugation.
  • Nanoparticles / (L) -substrate oligonucleotide * conjugates and nanoparticles / (L) - oligonucleotide inhibitor strand / ribozyme conjugates were prepared as described in Example 2. The release experiments were performed in reaction buffer and human serum.
  • reaction buffer A. In reaction buffer:
  • the conjugates prepared in Example 2 were resuspended in reaction buffer (Tris-HCl 50 mM, pH 7.5, with 10 mM MgC) and mixed in the ratio 1: 1 in 1.5 ml reaction vessels (two batches, for 37 ° C and 49 ° C).
  • reaction buffer Tris-HCl 50 mM, pH 7.5, with 10 mM MgC
  • nanoparticles / (L) -substrate oligonucleotide conjugates with 0.625 ⁇ of the free L-ribozyme with identical sequence from Table 1 in reaction buffer were prepared. Accordingly, it was used as a negative control Nanoparticles / (L) substrate oligonucleotide conjugates mixed with reaction buffer. All four reactions had the same final concentration of the nanoparticle / (L) -substrate oligonucleotide conjugate.
  • the fluorescence signal at 49 ° C showed a clear, time-dependent release of the fluorescent dye, which almost reached the level of positive control with increasing incubation.
  • the negative control as in the case of 37 ° C, even after 4 h hardly any release took place (see FIG. 4).
  • the stability assays were performed essentially as described by Klussmann (1996).
  • Human serum S7023 was purchased from Sigma (USA).
  • the L-ribozyme (see Table 1) and its corresponding R-form (19 bp each) were incubated at 10 ⁇ in 90% human serum in an incubator at 37 ° C, 94.5% humidity and 5% C0 2 incubated (0 to 6 h for the L-ribozyme, 0 to 180 sec for the R-ribozyme). Aliquots were mixed 1: 1 with stop solution (8 M urea, 50 mM EDTA, 2% SDS) and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen.
  • RNA samples were filtered through Microcon YM-30 (Millipore) filters and each 30 pmol of RNA was size fractionated in a 15% denaturing polyacrylamide gel (7M urea). The gel was stained in EtBr solution (1 pg / ml) for 15 min and photographed under UV light (302 nm).
  • CARMI N., BALKHI, S.R., BREAKER, R.R., SUN, L.Q., CAIRNS, M.J.,
  • KLUSSMANN S., NOLTE, A., BALD, R., ERDMANN, V.A., FURSTE, J.P., RUFFNER, D.E. & UHLENBECK, O.C. 1996.
  • RNA cleaving DNA enzymes Cleaving DNA with DNA; Catalytic nucleic acids: from lab to applications. Proc Natl Acad Be U S A., 94, 4262-6.
  • SEELIG B., KEIPER, S., STUHLMANN, F. & JASCHKE, A. 2000.
  • a drug delivery system consisting of a nanoparticle
  • Nanoparticles associated with a substrate oligonucleotide, which is connected to a therapeutic agent, which is releasable by cleavage of the substrate oligonucleotide by the catalytically active nucleic acid.
  • a drug delivery system according to 1 or 2 wherein the substrate oligonucleotide is linked to the nanoparticle via a crosslinker.
  • a drug delivery system comprising anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-angiogenic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, cytostatic, cytotoxic, anti-coagulative, anti- bacterial, anti-viral and / or antifungal agents, opioid agonists, nonopioid analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), anti-migraine agents, Cox-II inhibitors, ⁇ -adrenergic blocking agents, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, Ca2 + channel blockers or agents for the treatment of neuronal or neurodegenerative diseases.
  • the at least one therapeutically active substance is selected from the group comprising anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-angiogenic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, cytostatic, cytotoxic, anti-coagulative, anti- bacterial, anti-viral and / or antifungal agents, opioid agonists, nonopioid analgesics, non-steroidal
  • therapeutically active substance is selected from the group comprising actinomycin D, aminoglutethimide, amsacrine, anastrozole, antagonists of purine and pyrimidine bases, anthracyclines,
  • Aromatase inhibitors asparaginase, anti-estrogens, bexarotene, bleomycin, buselerin, busulfan, camptothecin derivatives, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside, alkylating cytostatics, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, docetaxel, doxorubicin (adriamycin ), Doxorubicin lipo, Epirubicin, estramustine, etoposide, exemestane, fludarabine, fluorouracil, folic acid antagonists, formestan, gemcitabine, glucocorticoids, goselerin, hormones and hormone antagonists, hycamtin, hydroxyurea, idarubicin, ifo
  • a drug delivery system wherein the at least one therapeutically active substance is selected from the group comprising nucleic acids, siRNA, amino acids, peptides, proteins,
  • Nanoparticles which is associated with a therapeutic agent and with a substrate oligonucleotide, wherein the substrate oligonucleotide is cleavable by a catalytically active nucleic acid.

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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un système de libération de principe actif contenant deux compositions. La première composition comprend une nanoparticule, liée à un brin inhibiteur oligonucléotidique qui est hybridé à un acide nucléique catalytiquement actif. La deuxième composition comprend un support, lié à une molécule de substrat, laquelle est couplée à un principe actif thérapeutique. Grâce à une stimulation externe, l'acide nucléique catalytiquement actif de la première composition est libéré et se lie d'une manière spécifique à la molécule de substrat de la deuxième composition. Cela conduit à une dissociation de la molécule de substrat, ce qui provoque une libération du principe actif qui y est lié.
EP10796285A 2009-12-16 2010-12-16 Activation, dependant de la temperature, d'acides nucleiques catalytiques pour une liberation controlee de principe actif Withdrawn EP2512441A2 (fr)

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US28247110P 2010-02-16 2010-02-16
PCT/EP2010/007702 WO2011082796A2 (fr) 2009-12-16 2010-12-16 Activation, dépendant de la température, d'acides nucléiques catalytiques pour une libération contrôlée de principe actif

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AU2010341118A1 (en) 2012-07-19
RU2012129977A (ru) 2014-01-27
CN102711727B (zh) 2015-03-18
CN102711727A (zh) 2012-10-03
CA2784704A1 (fr) 2011-07-14
DE102009058769A1 (de) 2011-06-22
WO2011082796A3 (fr) 2012-05-03
DE102009058769A8 (de) 2012-04-05
US20130102545A1 (en) 2013-04-25
US9517272B2 (en) 2016-12-13
JP2013514289A (ja) 2013-04-25

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