EP2598247B1 - Guide blade for a comminuting device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a guide blade for a comminuting device, in particular a cutting device (eg for a knife ring chipper for cutting wood or the like) or for a stick mill, with at least one base plate and at least one interchangeable blow bar, which with a variable projection in one transverse to the beater bar longitudinal direction extending feed direction is fixed to the base plate beyond the base plate, wherein the beater bar is secured by a terminal strip to the base plate by the terminal block is clamped with one or more fasteners with the interposition of the blow bar against the base plate.

Such a vane is z. B. for cutting devices, in particular used in Messerringzerspanern, where the raw wood in particular as bulk material, eg. B. is supplied in the form of wood chips. A Messerringzerspaner usually has an (outer) rotating blade ring and a likewise rotatably driven within the blade ring racket wheel, which is also referred to as a rotor. However, the invention also relates to machines in which the knife ring does not rotate. While the knives are fixed to the (outer) knife ring, guide vanes of the type described above are attached to the (inner) racket wheel, which spin the wood to be cut outwards on the knife ring. The vanes or their base plates are equipped with blow bars, which are replaceable as wear parts. The quality of the chips produced is largely dependent on a constant gap size between knives on the one hand and blow bars on the other hand. It is therefore not only necessary for a Messerringzerspaner nachzuschleifen the blades of the knife ring regularly and re-adjust, but also the blow bars of the racquet wheel must be regularly reworked and / or reset. It is particularly important that the supernatant of the blow bar can be easily and accurately adjusted beyond the base plate in a direction transverse to the blow bar longitudinal direction of feed.

For this purpose was in the EP 0 993 920 B1 already proposed to attach the beater bar by means of a mounting plate or terminal strip on the vane or the base plate of the vane. The terminal block is always fixed in the same position relative to the base plate. This is ensured by a nose on the mounting plate, which engages in a groove of the base plate, said groove has a well-defined distance to Schlägerradzentrum. In order to adjust the supernatant of the blow bar at always the same position of the mounting plate, both the mounting plate and the blow bar are provided with a profiling, which may be formed, for example, sawtooth. As soon as the usual amount of wear has been achieved, the fastening bolts can be loosened first, the blow bar removed and reground on a grinding machine. Subsequently, the blow bar can be inserted again in a position higher by a profile step position between the mounting plate and the guide vane, so that the racket wheel is ready for a new operating cycle after appropriate fixation. A disadvantage of this solution is that the supernatant is adjustable only in relatively coarse steps, so that it lacks the possibility of a fine adjustment.

Alternatively, it has been proposed for a continuous adjustment of the blow bar or wear plate to adjust the wear plate relative to the base plate by means of an eccentric. For this purpose, the wear plate over Their length not only distributes passage openings for fastening screws, but also also oval openings for receiving an eccentric head of an eccentric screw head. By turning the eccentric head screw, the blow bar can be adjusted directly relative to the base plate of the guide vane (see. DE 26 16 849 A1 ). A disadvantage of this solution is the fact that the blow bar, which must usually be made of hardened steel, has to be worked consuming if z. B. oval openings must be introduced. In addition, there is a high stress on the blow bar in the course of fixation.

Finally, one knows from the DE 33 34 783 a racket or a racquet rotor with vanes, which are also equipped with one interchangeable blow bar of high quality tool steel, which interact with knives of the racquet rotor concentrically surrounding the knife ring and are exposed to heavy wear. To attach the blow bar to the vanes, these are provided on their pointing in the direction of rotation of the racket rotor side with a groove. This groove is parallel to the axis of the racquet rotor and receives the attached to the beater bars part of a form-fitting holder which holds in operation the blow bars on the vanes in the radial direction characterized in that the stop bar mounted stop surfaces are supported on the radially outer side wall of the groove. The groove is covered by a protective plate which is fastened by means of second clamping screws to the guide vane under the prestress of compression springs and which in this way fixes the impact plate in the axial direction by means of frictional engagement. In the form-fitting holder may be adjusting screws which are supported in operation with their end faces on the outer side wall of the groove provided in the guide vane and effect in this way the positive locking holder. These measures are constructive relatively expensive and a backlash-free fixation is not always guaranteed.

The invention not only relates to blades for knife ring chippers, but also to vanes for rackets in which the racket wheel is also provided with vanes, also referred to as strike plates. Interchangeable blow bars are also attached to these vanes or impact plates. The racquet is usually from an annular grinding track, z. B. Prallmahlbahn concentrically surrounded with radial Mahlspaltabstand. Such a racket mill is generally used for fine comminution of (pre-shredded) substances. These may be substances of different materials, such. As wood or other renewable resources, but also from plastics or other materials. Such racquets are for example from the DE 26 20 797 C2 , of the DE 33 17 144 C1 and the DE 41 01 352 C1 known.

The invention has for its object to provide a guide blade for a crushing device, in particular for a Messerringzerspaner or a racquet mill or for a racquet of such Messerringzerspaners or a club mill, which allows for a simple and stable structure optimum adjustment of the supernatant of the blow bar.

To solve this problem, the invention teaches in a generic guide blade for a crushing device, in particular for a Messerringzerspaner for the cutting of wood or for a racquet mill that the clamping bar is displaceable by means of at least one adjusting element along the feed direction to change the supernatant of the blow bar wherein the terminal block is so positively connected to the blow bar that the blow bar is moved in the course of displacement of the terminal block with the terminal strip along the feed direction. The adjusting element is preferably designed as a rotatable Exzenterstellelement.

The invention is initially based on the recognition that the adjustment of the supernatant by means of a suitable control element, for. B. Exzenterstellelementes is expedient to realize a continuous adjustment. This actuator, z. B. eccentric actuator engages within the scope of the invention, however, not directly on the blow bar itself, but on a separate terminal block, wherein the blow bar itself is clamped between terminal block and base plate. This can be dispensed with holes, slots or the like in the field of blow bar, so that in particular notch effects are avoided by drilling in the blow bar. Also, threads or the like need not be introduced into the blow bar, since the fixation is done using the still existing terminal block. Nevertheless, on the actuator, z. B. Exzenterstellelement a stepless adjustment of the supernatant, said eccentric now no longer engages in the blow bar itself, but in the terminal block. Of particular importance is the fact that the terminal block is not fixed as in the known solutions in the prior art always in the same position on the base plate or the vane, but that the terminal block in the course of adjustment via the actuator or Exzenterstellelement itself is moved along the feed direction. By a positive connection of the terminal block with the blow bar is then ensured that the blow bar is moved in the course of this adjustment together with the terminal strip along the feed direction to the desired extent. Positive-locking connection the terminal block with the blow bar means in this context a positive connection at least in the feed direction or along the feed direction.

Such a positive connection between the terminal block on the one hand and the blow bar on the other hand (along the feed direction) can be realized for example by the fact that the terminal strip on the blow bar facing back has at least one projection or a nose-like projection, which with respect to the feed direction positively in at least a corresponding recess (eg groove) in which the terminal strip facing front of the beater strip engages. Alternatively, conversely, the blow bar on its front side have at least one projection, while the terminal block has a corresponding recess on its back. The recess and / or the projection may extend over the entire length of the beater bar or over substantially the entire length of the beater bar. In a knife ring chipper with a racquet wheel, the length or longitudinal direction of the blow bar extends across the width of the racquet wheel and thus parallel to the axis of the racquet wheel. The projections and depressions may be matched in their dimensions to one another that the projection can penetrate different depths into the recess. This can be useful if the terminal strip is moved slightly transverse to the feed direction in the course of adjustment. Because the eccentric is optionally not only rotated in the course of rotation, but also moved transversely to the feed direction and consequently along the axis of the bolt.

Although introducing, for example, a recess in the blow bar also requires a processing of the blow bar, this is limited However, usually on the introduction of such wells, so that in particular the introduction of holes, perforations, threads, etc. can be dispensed with.

Alternatively, there is the possibility that the terminal block on its back and the blow bar on their front each have at least one recess, between terminal strip and blow bar at least a separate form-locking connection element is arranged, which relative to the feed direction both in the recess of the blow bar and engages positively in the recess of the terminal block. This embodiment has the advantage that neither the blow bar nor the terminal strip must have a protruding over the back or front projection, but that only depressions are provided. This facilitates the production, since overall work is done with less material removal. Because it is not necessary to ablate almost the entire back of the terminal strip to produce a projection. In this case, however, then a separate positive locking element is required, which produces the positive connection (relative to the feed direction) between the terminal block and blow bar.

The eccentric actuating element preferably has an end-side eccentric, which (for example in one piece) to a first end of a bolt, for. B. a cylindrical or pin-like bolt is connected. The eccentric, which can also be referred to as eccentric head, then engages in a rear recess of the terminal block, so that in the course of the rotation of the eccentric, z. B. by rotation of the bolt, the terminal strip is moved along the feed direction. The z. B. cylindrical or pin-like bolts, at the first end of the eccentric itself is connected, preferably passes through an opening in the base plate. The blow bar itself is completely fixed separately, ie there are no openings for the Exzenterstellelement in the blow bar itself required. Furthermore, it is expedient if the eccentric adjusting element at the second end of the bolt, which projects from the rear side of the opening of the base plate, has an actuating connection to which a tool can be connected. This actuating connection can be used, for example, as a polygonal connection, for. B. square connection be formed.

The eccentric can z. B. with a locking means, preferably a nut or lock nut, z. B. a self-locking nut, be locked. In this case, however, this lock is usually only the locking of the adjustment itself. In order to fix the bar then reliably in the predetermined position, separate fasteners, z. As fastening screws provided, however, also penetrate the base plate on the one hand and the terminal block on the other hand, without the need for drilling holes in the blow bar are required. It can z. B. two Exzenterstellelemente per terminal block and z. B. two or three (or more) fixing screws per terminal block may be provided.

Optionally, there is the possibility that the bolt, at one end of the eccentric is connected, at least partially formed as a steep taper. The opening in the base plate is then adapted in shape to this steep cone. It is advantageous in this embodiment, that in the course of adjusting the eccentric no self-locking occurs, so that the Exzenterstellelement is always easily solvable.

There is a further proposal of the invention the ability to attach to the base plate below the terminal strip at least one replaceable wear plate. These wear plates protect the base of the vane from damage.

The subject of the invention is also a rotatably drivable racket wheel for a knife ring chipper with a plurality of vanes of the type described. The vanes described are thus in particular also provided in combination with a racket wheel for a knife ring chipper under protection. The guide vanes according to the invention are fixed in a manner known per se on the outside circumference of the beater wheel and oriented in the radial direction, so that the feed direction of the beater bars extends in the radial direction of the beater wheel. The knife ring can be driven in rotation. However, the invention also includes embodiments in which the blade ring does not rotate.

Finally, a Messerringzerspaner with at least one such rotatably driven racquet with multiple vanes object of the invention.

The invention is not limited to blades for cutting devices, but also includes vanes for a racquet mill, with which not only wood or other renewable resources, but also other materials can be crushed. The invention is therefore also a rotatably drivable Schlägerrad for a crushing device, for. As a racquet mill, with a plurality of vanes of the type described. The vanes described are therefore in particular in combination with a racquet wheel for a racquet mill under protection.

The guide vanes according to the invention are attached in a manner known per se on the outside circumference of such a beater wheel and oriented in the radial direction, so that the feed direction of the beater bars in the radial direction of the beater wheel.

In this context, the invention also relates to a racket mill with at least one such rotatably driven racket wheel with a plurality of vanes. The use of the guide vanes for a racquet mill is therefore also of particular importance.

Fig. 1

einen Messerringzerspaner in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 2

ein Schlägerrad eines solchen Messerringzerspaners in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 3

das Schlägerrad nach Fig. 2 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt A-A durch den Gegenstand nach Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

einen Ausschnitt X aus dem Gegenstand nach Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes nach Fig. 5 (Ausschnitt) und

Fig. 7

eine weitere Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes nach Fig. 5 (Ausschnitt).

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a Messerringzerspaner in a perspective view,

Fig. 2

a racquet wheel of such a Messerringzerspaners in perspective,

Fig. 3

the beater wheel after Fig. 2 in a side view,

Fig. 4

a section AA through the object after Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5

a section X from the object after Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6

a modified embodiment of the article according to Fig. 5 (Detail) and

Fig. 7

a further embodiment of the article according to Fig. 5 (Detail).

In the figures, a cutting machine in the embodiment as Messerringzerspaner for the cutting or crushing of wood, in particular for the production of wood chips or the like material is shown. In a housing 1, on the one hand, a rotating (outer) blade ring 2 and on the other hand arranged a rotating within the blade ring 3 beater. Both the knife ring 2 and the beater wheel 3 are driven by suitable shafts. Details are not shown. As a rule, knife ring 2 on the one hand and beater wheel 3 on the other hand rotate in opposite directions. Fig. 1 shows the Messerringzerspaner frontally open housing, so that in particular the beater wheel 3 is visible inside. The wood is used as bulk material, eg. B. supplied in the form of wood chips. It passes through an upper feed chute 4 and a corresponding front-side deflection 5 in the interior of the Messerringzerspaners and consequently in the inner space formed within the Schlägerrades 3.

The beater 3 has a plurality of vanes 6, which are attached to the outer peripheral side of the beater 3 and oriented in the radial direction R. The guide vanes 6 are fastened between two cover plates 7, 8, which are formed in the embodiment as annular cover plates 7, 8. In particular, the front cover disk 8 is generally annular, so that the wood can be fed into the interior. The two cover plates 7, 8 are thus firmly connected to each other by the annularly arranged vanes 6 as it were. The direction of rotation of the beater wheel 3 is indicated by an arrow P. In the course of the rotation of the beater wheel 3, the centrally entering material becomes radial hurled outwards and out there with the guide vanes 6 over the blades of the knife ring 2.

Since not only the blades but also the vanes 6 are subject to wear, the vanes 6 each have a base plate 9 and a replaceable blow bar 10. The blow bar 10 is attached to the base plate 9 with a variable projection s, so that the blow bar 10 projects beyond this projection over the base plate, in a direction transverse to the blow bar longitudinal direction L extending feed direction V. The beater bar longitudinal direction L thus corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the guide vane itself and this longitudinal direction extends along the width of the knife ring and consequently parallel to the axis A of the knife ring. The feed direction V extends in the radial direction R.

The blow bars 10 are fastened in each case by means of a terminal strip 11 to the base plate 9 of the vane by the terminal block 11 with a plurality of fastening means 12 (screws) is clamped with the interposition of the blow bar 10 against the base plate 9. Consequently, there is no "direct" attachment of the blow bar 10 to the base plate 9, but as it were an "indirect" attachment, so that in particular thread, holes or the like in the field of bar strip 10 is omitted. In the embodiment, three screws 12 are shown in each case, in principle, however, only two screws per vane can be used.

In order to be able to change the supernatant s of the blow bar 10, the terminal block 11 by means of at least one rotatable Exzenterstellelementes 13 along the feed direction V is displaceable. For this purpose, the eccentric actuator engages 13 with an end-side eccentric 14 in a rear recess 30 of the terminal block. The clamping strip 11 is now positively connected to the blow bar 10 that the blow bar 10 is moved in the course of displacement of the terminal block 11 with the terminal block 11 along the feed direction V. In the context of the invention, therefore, not only the attachment of the blow bar 10 with the terminal block 11, but also the adjustment of the blow bar 10 is performed by means of the terminal block 11, wherein the blow bar 10 follows the movement of the terminal block 11 via the positive connection. Positive connection here means a positive connection at least in the feed direction V and consequently in the radial direction R.

In order to realize such a positive connection, the terminal strip 11 in the exemplary embodiment Fig. 5 on the blow bar 10 facing back 15 at least one projection 16, which - with respect to the feed direction V - positively engages in at least one corresponding recess 17 in the terminal strip 11 facing front 18 of the terminal block 11. In Fig. 5 is still a second recess 19 recognizable, which is arranged on the other side of the blow bar, in this case the back 20. This recess 19 has no function in the illustrated functional position. However, it is clear that the blow bar 10 can be rotated by 180 ° after appropriate wear, so that then the rear recess 19 can cooperate as a front recess with the corresponding projection of the terminal block 11.

Apart from these depressions 17, 19 can be omitted in the field of blow bar 10 on openings and in particular holes or threads, since both the fixation and the adjustment on the Terminal strip 11 can be realized. Problems that have been observed with impact bars with holes and / or threads by notch effect, do not occur. Unwanted "breaking points" are avoided. This is particularly important because the blow bar is made in practice of high strength, hardened steel. The terminal strip itself can easily be provided with holes, threads, etc. Here you can work with simple steel or structural steel.

Fig. 6 shows one opposite Fig. 5 modified embodiment in which both the terminal strip 11 on its back 15 and the blow bar 10 on its front side 18 each have a recess 17, 17 'have. Between terminal strip 11 and blow bar 10, a separate positive locking element 21 is then introduced, which engages both in the recess 17 and in the recess 17 'and in this way produces the required form fit.

The Exzenterstellelement 13 is composed on the one hand from the eccentric 14 and on the other hand, the bolt 22 which is formed like a pin. At the first end 23 of this pin 22 of the eccentric 14 is integrally connected. The bolt 22 passes through a corresponding opening 25 of the base plate. At the second end 24, the bolt 22 on an actuating terminal 26, which in the embodiment as a polygon, z. B. square connection, so that at this operating terminal 26, a tool is connected to rotate the (one-piece) Exzenterstellelement 13 and thus the eccentric 14 and thus to position the terminal block and consequently also the blow bar 10 along the Voschubrichtung V, so that the supernatant s is adjustable. The Exzenterstellelement 13 is locked by means of a locking means 27. In the exemplary embodiment is a nut 27, namely a self-locking nut 27. On this Way, the eccentric actuator 13 can be locked after adjustment in the desired position, so that the terminal block 11 and thus the blow bar 10 are locked in the desired position. Nevertheless, via the additionally provided fastening means 12, namely fastening screws secure fixing of the highly stressed blow bars 10 take place.

Fig. 7 shows a modified embodiment in which the bolt 22 of the Exzenterstellelementes 13 does not have a cylindrical cross-section, but is partially formed as a steep taper 28. For a self-locking is avoided, so that the Exzenterstellelement 13 is always easily solvable.

Incidentally, in Fig. 5 It can be seen that the guide vane 6 is equipped with an additional wear plate 29, which is fastened to the base plate 9 below the clamping strip 11.

The figures illustrate the invention by way of example with reference to a knife ring chipper. However, the illustrated vanes may be used in an identical or comparable manner on a racquet wheel for a racquet mill.

Claims (15)

1. A guide blade (6) for a comminuting device, in particular for a knife-ring flaker or for a beater mill,
   comprising at least one base plate (9) and at least one interchangeable beater bar (10) which, in a feed direction (V) extending transverse to the longitudinal direction (L) of the beater bar, is fastened to the base plate (9) with a variable overhang (s) so as to extend beyond the base plate (9),
   wherein the beater bar (10) is fastened to the base plate (9) by means of a clamping strip (11) in that the clamping strip (11) is braced against the base plate (9) by one or more fastening means (12) with the interposition of the beater bar (10),
   characterized in that for varying the overhang (s) of the beater bar (10), the clamping strip (11) can be displaced along the feed direction (V) by means of at least one adjusting element (13), wherein the clamping strip (11) is connected to the beater bar (10) in a positive-locking manner such that in the course of the displacement of the clamping strip (11), the beater bar (10) is displaced together with the clamping strip (11) along the feed direction (V).
2. The guide blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting element (13) is formed as a rotatable eccentric adjusting element (13).
3. The guide blade according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that on the rear side (15) facing towards the beater bar (10), the clamping strip (11) has at least one projection (16) which - with regard to the feed direction (V) - engages in a positive-locking manner in at least one corresponding indentation (17) in the front side (18) of the beater bar (10), which front side faces towards the clamping strip (11), or inversely, that the beater bar (10) has on its front side (18) at least one projection which engages in at least one corresponding indentation in the rear side (15) of the clamping strip (11).
4. The guide blade according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the clamping strip (11), on its rear side (15), and the beater bar (10), on its front side (18), each have at least one indentation (17, 17'), wherein between the clamping strip (11) and the beater bar (10) at least one separate positively locking connection element (21) is arranged which, with regard to the feed direction (V), engages in a positive-locking manner in both the indentation (17) of the beater bar (10) and in the indentation (17') of the clamping strip (11).
5. The guide blade according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the beater bar (10) has on the front side (18) and also on the rear side (20) in each case at least one indentation (17, 19) for a positive-locking connection.
6. The guide blade according to any one of the claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the eccentric adjusting element (13) has an eccentric (14) at its end, which eccentric engages in a recess (30) on the rear side of the clamping strip (11).
7. The guide blade according to any one of the claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the eccentric adjusting element (13) has an eccentric (14) that is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a first end (23) of a rotatable pin (22) which passes through a trough-hole (25) of the base plate (9).
8. The guide blade according to claim 7, characterized in that the eccentric adjusting element (13), at the second end (24) of the pin (22) which protrudes on the rear side out of the through-hole (25) of the base plate (9), has an actuating connection (26) to which a tool can be connected.
9. The guide blade according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the eccentric adjusting element (13) can be locked by means of at least one locking means (27), e.g., a nut, preferably a self-locking nut.
10. The guide blade according to any one of the claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the pin (22) of the eccentric adjusting element (13), at least in certain sections, is formed as a steep taper (28).
11. The guide blade according to any one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that below the clamping strip (11), at least one interchangeable wear plate (29) is fastened to the base plate (9).
12. The guide blade according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that one or more fastening screws are provided as fastening means (12).
13. A beater wheel (3) for a comminuting device comprising a plurality of guide blades (6) according to any one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein the guide blades (6) are fastened on the outer circumference to the beater wheel (3) and are oriented in the radial direction so that the feed direction (V) of the beater bar (10) extends in the radial direction (R) of the beater wheel (3).
14. A knife-ring flaker comprising at least one knife ring, e.g., a rotatably driven knife ring (2), and at least one rotatably driven beater wheel (3) according to claim 13.
15. A beater mill comprising at least one rotatably driven beater wheel (3) according to claim 13, and a grinding track that concentrically surrounds the beater wheel (3).

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