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EP2593257A1 - Machine-outil et procédé d'usinage d'une pièce - Google Patents

Machine-outil et procédé d'usinage d'une pièce

Info

Publication number
EP2593257A1
EP2593257A1 EP11732469.9A EP11732469A EP2593257A1 EP 2593257 A1 EP2593257 A1 EP 2593257A1 EP 11732469 A EP11732469 A EP 11732469A EP 2593257 A1 EP2593257 A1 EP 2593257A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
movement
vibration
machine tool
cutting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11732469.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Axel HESSENKÄMPER
Hans-Jörg PUCHER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sauer Ultrasonic GmbH
Original Assignee
Sauer Ultrasonic GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=44628468&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2593257(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Sauer Ultrasonic GmbH filed Critical Sauer Ultrasonic GmbH
Publication of EP2593257A1 publication Critical patent/EP2593257A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/027—Driving main working members reciprocating members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/04—Tool holders for a single cutting tool
    • B23B29/12—Special arrangements on tool holders
    • B23B29/125—Vibratory toolholders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B37/00—Boring by making use of ultrasonic energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
    • B23Q1/34—Relative movement obtained by use of deformable elements, e.g. piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, elastic or thermally-dilatable elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/108—Piezoelectric elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2270/00—Details of milling machines, milling processes or milling tools not otherwise provided for
    • B23C2270/10—Use of ultrasound

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine tool and a workpiece machining method according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • the vibrating tools are rough, work abrasive and vibrate relatively high frequency (vibrational motion), for example at frequencies above 5 kHz or above 10 kHz or above 20 kHz. Because of Of the high vibration frequencies, which may be beyond the human ear, the processing is often referred to as ultrasonic processing and the machine as an ultrasonic machine.
  • the vibration of the tool may be a translational or a rotational vibration. The tool can move parallel to the surface of the workpiece and then quasi filing material ablate. But it can also act impacting on the workpiece.
  • a disadvantage of the known machining methods with tools with a defined cutting edge is that in certain machining situations, in particular for certain workpiece materials, the removal rate is relatively low or the tool wear is relatively high or the surface quality of the machined workpiece is relatively poor. It was found that the breaking of chips during machining with conventional tools with a defined cutter leaves behind ver ⁇ same manner rough and torn surfaces which are not mechanically optimally resistant and susceptible to environmental influences (corrosion, rust) are.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a machine tool and a workpiece machining method which, in certain machining situations, provide improved removal performance and / or less tool wear and / or improved surface qualities, in particular smoother and more compact surfaces. Chen surfaces or surfaces with relatively high compressive residual stress on the workpiece.
  • a machine tool has a cutting tool for workpiece machining with a cutting movement of the tool relative to the workpiece and a vibration ⁇ unit for generating a vibrating movement between the tool and the workpiece.
  • a cutting movement and simultaneously or alternately to a Vibrationsbe ⁇ movement caused relatively between a cutting tool and a workpiece.
  • the combination of cutting and vibrating machining has the advantage that the removal of the chips from the workpiece with the defined cutting edge of the tool with variable relative movements between the workpiece and the cutting edge.
  • the dissolution of the chips happens thereby less tearing, but increasingly cutting. This results in less rough surfaces, and the workpiece surface has a relatively high residual compressive stress after processing and is less torn and scored after processing, which is in terms of hardness and resistance. surface is better than environmental and mechanical stress.
  • the vibration unit is preferably located close to the tool. It can have one or more piezoelectric actuators or electromagnetic actuators.
  • the vibration frequency can be over 5 kHz, over 10 kHz, over 20 kHz or over 40 kHz.
  • the machine tool may be a drill, a milling machine, a lathe, a planer, or the like.
  • the direction of the vibratory motion may be parallel and / or perpendicular to the cutting motion of the tool or at an angle therebetween. It can be parallel to the local instantaneous workpiece surface or have a certain angle greater than 0 ° relative thereto. It can be perpendicular to the workpiece surface.
  • the tool may be adapted to the possible vibratory motion, such as by roughening, serrating or otherwise modifying certain surfaces or edges thereof, as compared to conventional tools.
  • the modification may be such that the tool has or avoids certain resonant frequencies.
  • the vibration unit can be part of a quick-change (automatically exchangeable) tool and then receive energy through suitable equipment.
  • a wireless (inductive) energy transmission can be provided.
  • a controller may control the cutting motion and the vibratory motion.
  • the process parameters can be returned to the controller.
  • the controls of cutting motion and vibratory motion may follow each other independently or interleaved with each other.
  • the one can be controlled or regulated in accordance with driving or measuring parameters of the other.
  • Cutting movement and vibration movement can be controlled simultaneously with each other or alternatively independently of each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a machine tool
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a machine tool 10. It has a machine frame 1.
  • the workpiece 6 and at the other hand, the tool 7 fixed ⁇ are different intermediate members on Ma ⁇ schin frame 1 on one hand. It can be provided for static adjustment of the translational and / or rotational positions of the tool and / or the workpiece several adjusting axles 2a, 2b. It can be provided between machine frame 1 and tool table 4 adjusting axles 2a and / or adjusting axles 2b between machine frame 1 and tool. 7
  • the drive may be electrically and have a mechanical transla ⁇ wetting or reduction.
  • the tool may be a milling cutter, in particular an end mill, which is set in rotary motion during workpiece machining in an electrically driven manner.
  • the drive 3b may be, for example, an electric motor with a gear that causes the drill 7 or the drill chuck to rotate.
  • Drehma ⁇ machine 3a of the drive may be a geared electric motor which sets the spin chuck in rotation.
  • a drive 3 a can lie between the machine frame 1 and the workpiece 6, and / or it can be a drive 3b between the machine frame 1 and the tool 7.
  • the tool 7 can be exchangeable via a quick coupling 5, 5a and / or via a tool interface 5b, so that it can be exchanged quickly and possibly also automatically.
  • the quick-coupling 5, 5a may be a conventional cone clutch with egg ⁇ nem tool side tapered surface 5a and a corresponding machine-side recording or the like.
  • the tool interface 5b may lie directly on eigentli- chen tool and having a receptacle for a drive shaft and generating ⁇ may comprise a collet or the like.
  • the workpiece 6 may lie on a workpiece table 4 and may be clamped there.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment in which the vibration unit 11 is located at the end of the machine frame of a quick coupling 5a.
  • the vibration unit may also be located closer to the tool, for example on the tool side of the quick-action coupling 5, wherein the said further tool interface 5b may then be located between the vibration unit 11 and the tool.
  • the vibration unit 11 can also be located in the vicinity of the work table 4, for example between the work table 4 and drive 3a or the actuators 2a or the machine frame. 1
  • the vibration unit 11 is designed to operate the tool 7 vibrie ⁇ rend.
  • the vibration may be a linear vibration or a rotational vibration.
  • a linear vibration may have directional components parallel and / or perpendicular to the local workpiece plane.
  • the vibration can take place along the drill axis.
  • the vibration can take place along the drill axis.
  • the lathe tool can be vibrated. With a milling cutter, the milling tool or the workpiece can be vibrated.
  • a rotary vibration can be made to an existing machine in the axis of rotation and are introduced by a suitably mounted and driven vibration ⁇ unit. It can generally be introduced into the component of the machine which has already been subjected to the rotational movement (eg drill chuck or drill). But it can also - around the same axis - generally introduced into the respective opposite of the component acted upon by the rotational movement (in the case of a drill so in the workpiece table or in the workpiece).
  • the lathe chuck be beat with a rotating vibration around the axis of rotation beauf ⁇ beat.
  • the milling tool can be acted upon by a rotary vibration around its axis of rotation.
  • vibrations and in particular Drehvibra ⁇ tion and linear vibration, can at the same time and will be superimposed on a ⁇ brought over several vibration units. If several vibration units are provided, they can partly attack on the workpiece or on the workpiece table and partly on the tool or on the tool holder.
  • a vibration unit can one or more vibrators, z. B. piezo elements having. You can receive the same or different signals. The difference can be a phase offset or an inversion.
  • the vibration frequency may be above 5 kHz or above 10 kHz or above 20 kHz or above 40 kHz.
  • Vib ⁇ rationstician 11 and driving 3a, 3b may be alternately betae ⁇ tigbar actuated simultaneously or individually.
  • the controller may be the ⁇ (alternately shared) designed for both Radio
  • the machine tool 10 may generally include sensor 14 for detecting process parameters.
  • the sensor system can have one or more sensors distributed over the machine tool. Via lines 16 the signals are returned to the control / regulation 12 and there logged and / or output and / or taken into account for controlling the various machine components.
  • the controller 12 has control lines 15 to the individual components of the machine, ie in particular to the drives 3a, 3b, adjusting axles 2a, 2b and the vibration unit. 11th
  • an output unit can be present for operating personnel.
  • 13 symbolizes a data memory (eg semiconductor and / or disk), which on the one hand contains, for example, a machining program for the workpiece, but on the other hand also characteristic values for the cutting movement, for the vibration movements or for the dependencies of control parameters, in particular for the cutting movement and for the vibration movement of input parameters or determined / measured parameters (tabular, formula ⁇ moderate).
  • the controller can have access to the memory, where access for example to two or Modi ⁇ dimensional tables for determining manipulated variables from input variables.
  • the individual parameters may be adjustable / controllable, in particular vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, waveform of the driving signals, vibration direction, and the like. Individual or several parameters can be be corrected in accordance with recorded, josgeScience ⁇ ten values.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically the control engineering part of a control.
  • 12 symbolizes the controller of Figure 1.
  • the program-technical part which may also be present. He may have a Be ⁇ processing program stored which controls the individual ⁇ nen machine components and each driving ⁇ parameters and specifies target values for controls and regulations.
  • the controller 12 may be digitally constructed and may include analog-to-digital converters, not shown, at the interface to the process. Depending on the respective operating state, the controller 12 or control 12 can each receive default values, which are for example taken from a memory 13 or determined by the mentioned control program.
  • the controller 12 is shown schematically as consisting of two parts, namely on the one hand a controller 21 for the conventional drive 3b of the cutting tool 7, so for example an electric ⁇ motor for a drill.
  • the real process is in so far ⁇ symbolized by box 3b.
  • 14a symbolizes sensors relating to the conventional cutting movement, which is returned via line 16a.
  • Cutting motion are simultaneously controlled or alternately controlled.
  • the controls of the individual movements can be carried out independently of each other on the control or regulation level according to respective individual specifications, or they can be performed entangled, for example by also introducing output signals 15a for the conventional cutting movement drive into the controller 22 for the vibratory drive ( Line 23) and / or vice versa, by
  • Output signals 15b for the vibratory drive 11 are input to the controller 21 for the cutting drive (line 24). Also, the feedback of signals 16a, 16b, if provided, can also be done "crosswise", ie by the controller 22 for the vibration drive receives process signals relating to the cutting movement (line 16a) and / or vice versa, by the controller 21 for the Cutting movement receives process signals relating to the vibration movement (line 16b)
  • the linking and interleaving of the individual parameters can be carried out in a formula or on the basis of tables which are suitably deposited and kept in stock. However, it may also be provided a comparatively simple control, which controls the cutting movement and the vibrational movement simply in accordance with default values without any feedback, but of course the default values with respect to each other may have been determined.
  • One or more vibration units 11 may be provided.
  • a first vibration unit 11 may be provided near the tool 7, and a second vibration unit 11 near the
  • Workpiece 6 or workpiece table 4. They may be individually controllable or controllable in relation to each other, as explained with reference to cutting movement control 21 and vibration movement control 22 with reference to FIG.
  • a single vibration unit 11 can also be designed for vibration along several axes, wherein the individual axes can be controlled independently of one another.
  • Figure 2 shows only parts of the overall control. Not shown are the control of conventional components (eg adjusting axles, tool changers), which may also be present.
  • the controller 12 may be part of a process computer equipped according to the requirements.
  • the sensors in the machine tool 10 may have one or more of the following sensors, in which respect the term "sensor” may also include more complex evaluation mechanisms: sensor for
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of a quickly exchangeable tool unit 30. It has the actual tool 7, for example an end mill. In addition, it has the vibration unit 11. It further has an energy supply ⁇ 31 and a coupling part 5a to the
  • the coupling part 5 a can be a conventional one
  • Vibration unit 11 and 7 tool can the
  • Tool interface 5b may be provided, the
  • the vibration unit 11 may be an electro-mechanically operated vibrating unit or a pie ⁇ zoelektrisch operated vibrating unit.
  • electrical energy is needed. It can be supplied via a conventional electrical connection, which in the case of rotating tools, however, would then have to be designed to be abrasive and thus relatively complicated.
  • the energy supply can also be wireless, for example inductively, by providing an induction coil 32 in the tool unit, for example, relative to which an external magnetic field, indicated by arrow 33, changes.
  • the coil 32 can lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of a rotating tool and can be penetrated by an external magnetic field changing with a certain frequency.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a representation for explaining directional information in a milling cutter as a tool 7. Shown is schematically a progressing from left to right on a workpiece surface end mill (arrow 74). It rotates counterclockwise about axis 43 as indicated by arrow 42. 71 are the cutting edges of the end mill. The relative cutting movement between cutter 7 and workpiece 6 also runs in the direction of arrow 74 (x-direction).
  • the vibration movement may be perpendicular to it, approximately perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (y-direction).
  • the Vibra ⁇ tion device may be as shown also different, generally along the x-direction or along the z-direction, or may be oblique to these directions.
  • FIG. 4b schematically shows a representation for explaining directions in a drill as a tool 7. Shown schematically is a drill 7 stuck in a workpiece 6. 71 symbolizes a cutting edge of the drill. In conventional operation, the drill 7 rotates about its axis 73 as indicated by arrow 74. Every point on the
  • Cutting edge 71 then performs a circular
  • FIG. 4b shows an embodiment in which the vibratory movement takes place along arrow 75, that is to say in the direction of the drill axis 73 (z-direction).
  • the rerachse 73 (z-direction).
  • the vibratory motion 75 is not parallel to the cutting movement direction 74. It may be to approximately at right angles or insbeson ⁇ particular in the direction of the drill axis. It is not parallel to the local workpiece surface under the drill cutting edge in the embodiment shown.
  • the tool can be laid out in comparison to conventional tools on the also vibrating movement ⁇ out.
  • certain areas or edges of the tool may be roughened or in a particular way compared to conventional tools be modifi ⁇ ed.
  • the clamping ⁇ surface of a tool or the cutting edge of a tool or the flank of a tool may be roughened or toothed, at least partially, in order to adjust the effectiveness of the vibratory motion in a desired manner.
  • the tool can also be designed so that in view of the desired vibration excitation certain resonance frequencies of the tool are given or avoided in certain frequency ranges.
  • Steps implementing devices shall be understood, and descriptions of particular devices and components shall also be understood as describing method steps implemented by these devices and components.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine-outil (10) comportant un outil de coupe (7) pour l'usinage d'une pièce au moyen d'un mouvement de coupe (76) de l'outil (7) par rapport à la pièce (6), et une unité vibrante (11) pour la création d'un mouvement vibratoire (75) entre l'outil (7) et la pièce (6). Selon un procédé d'usinage de pièce, un mouvement de coupe (76) et un mouvement vibratoire (75) simultané ou alterné avec le mouvement de coupe sont créés relativement entre un outil de coupe (7) et une pièce (6).
EP11732469.9A 2010-07-16 2011-07-15 Machine-outil et procédé d'usinage d'une pièce Withdrawn EP2593257A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010027305 2010-07-16
DE102010048638.8A DE102010048638B4 (de) 2010-07-16 2010-10-15 Werkzeugmaschine, Werkstückbearbeitungsverfahren
PCT/EP2011/062163 WO2012007583A1 (fr) 2010-07-16 2011-07-15 Machine-outil et procédé d'usinage d'une pièce

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2593257A1 true EP2593257A1 (fr) 2013-05-22

Family

ID=44628468

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11732469.9A Withdrawn EP2593257A1 (fr) 2010-07-16 2011-07-15 Machine-outil et procédé d'usinage d'une pièce

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2593257A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103052457B (fr)
DE (1) DE102010048638B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012007583A1 (fr)

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DE102011077568B4 (de) * 2011-06-15 2023-12-07 Dmg Mori Ultrasonic Lasertec Gmbh Werkzeugmaschine, Werkstückbearbeitungsverfahren
DE102012219254B4 (de) 2012-10-22 2015-01-29 Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh Versorgungsschaltung, Versorgungssystem, Werkzeugaktor, Werkzeug
DE102013210199A1 (de) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh Werkzeug
DE102013223799A1 (de) 2013-08-22 2015-02-26 Gühring KG Werkzeugaufnahme
CN106687874B (zh) * 2014-09-09 2018-04-17 三菱电机株式会社 数控装置
DE102016111545A1 (de) * 2016-06-23 2017-12-28 Keuro Besitz Gmbh & Co. Edv-Dienstleistungs Kg Sägemaschine und Führungseinrichtung für ein Sägeband oder Sägeblatt einer Sägemasschine
DE102016211740B4 (de) * 2016-06-29 2018-01-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ultraschallbohren
DE102016214498A1 (de) * 2016-08-05 2018-02-08 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Werkzeughalteeinrichtung und Verfahren zum Bohren
DE102016214697B4 (de) 2016-08-08 2025-05-22 Dmg Mori Ultrasonic Lasertec Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Oberflächenstrukturierung auf einem Werkstück an einer Werkzeugmaschine
EP3638449B1 (fr) 2017-04-21 2023-03-08 General Electric Company Système et procédé de brunissage de rouleau à ultrasons et procédé d'usinage de composant
CN107571344A (zh) * 2017-10-19 2018-01-12 浙江粤强家具科技有限公司 一种具有打磨功能的木材打孔设备
WO2019147536A1 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2019-08-01 Quantum Impact, LLC Procédé et appareil d'usinage d'une pièce

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WO2008156116A1 (fr) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-24 Kazumasa Ohnishi Dispositif de découpe ou d'affûtage

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US7508116B2 (en) * 2005-09-07 2009-03-24 Panasonic Corporation Method and apparatus for vibration machining with two independent axes
JP2008183626A (ja) 2005-11-25 2008-08-14 Hamamatsu Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyu Shinkokai 超音波振動切削方法及びそれにより得られる繊維強化樹脂
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JP5197102B2 (ja) * 2008-03-31 2013-05-15 雅彦 神 超音波スピンドル装置、超音波スピンドル装置の工具連結方法、工具連結装置、工具連結方法及び工具交換システム

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103052457B (zh) 2016-11-09
DE102010048638A1 (de) 2012-01-19
CN103052457A (zh) 2013-04-17
DE102010048638B4 (de) 2017-10-05
WO2012007583A1 (fr) 2012-01-19

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