EP2567106B1 - Method for producing a fixed connection, tool and connection - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a solid connection between a metal dowel and a substrate according to claim 1, a tool for producing such a compound according to claim 8 and a compound produced by the method and / or the tool according to claim 9 and beyond the use a metal dowel for carrying out the method and / or for producing the compound according to claim 12.

From the EP 0 848 169 A1 is known to the method for producing a firm connection between a metal dowel and a substrate, wherein so-called Spreizlappen be plastically twisted. The dowel used for this purpose is internally threaded.

The DE 10 2008 035 276 A1 shows a dowel with internal thread.

From the EP 0889250 A1 is an undercut dowel known.

The EP 0217053 A1 describes an expansion anchor which has a widening in the insertion direction expansion cone at the front end in the insertion direction, on which an expansion sleeve can be pushed.

From the WO 2009/149789 A1 is there described as an expansion sleeve, front open metal dowels for insertion into a sandwich material known, the core of which is formed by a metal foam layer. The known metal dowel has end-side pinnacles, which are beveled in the installation position radially outward over the sleeve shell, so that they can be supported on the inside of a rear metal sheet with respect to the insertion direction of the sandwich material, to pull out the spreading device in the axial direction of the sandwich material bore to prevent. The known metal dowel includes an internal thread, in which in the installed position of the spreader a screw is screwed. For fixing the known metal dowel in the metal foam substrate of the metal dowel is claimed to train and at the same time widens in the radial direction, such that the batts evenly, ie a total of a conical envelope contour, are subjected to force in the radial direction to the outside. With the known method, it is not possible to introduce the known metal dowel into a solid material substrate, such as wood, plastic or stone.

From the US 4,702,654 is a female thread-free expansion anchor is known, which has at its opposite direction of insertion one end of a plurality of circumferentially spaced pinnacles, which are spread evenly with a cone member. So that the known expansion anchor can be inserted in solid material, the document proposes, at the rear end of the pinnacles

Provide cutting inserts, with which material can be removed. Although the known expansion anchor can be introduced with conventional conical expansion mandrels in solid material, the overall procedure is very expensive, since the battlements must be previously equipped with the cutting elements.

From the DE 42 31 313 A1 is an expansion dowel known that anchored in a dowel hole and can be removed if necessary. For this purpose, a dowel core and a dowel sleeve are provided with matched wedge profiles, which increase in the circumferential direction with a slight slope in only one direction and can be brought by twisting the dowel core relative to the fixed dowel sleeve in self-locking frictional engagement and also released again. When screwing in the dowel core battlements of the dowel sleeve are adjusted elastically in the circumferential direction. A plastic deformation of the pinnacles must be avoided at all costs to be able to remove the dowel as required. A sufficient widening of the dowel core not rotating during rotation of the dowel sleeve is not guaranteed in the known expansion dowel.

From the DE 10 2008 048 387 A1 Another dowel is known which has on its front material removal means. End pinnacles are uniformly urged in the radial direction to uniformly expand them in the circumferential direction.

Based on the aforementioned prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a method which is suitable for producing a solid connection between a metal dowel and a substrate, preferably designed as a solid substrate, ie not formed as a foam or pores exhibiting substrate. Furthermore, the object is to provide a tool for carrying out the method, as well as a connection between a metal dowel and a, preferably formed as a solid substrate, substrate.

This object is achieved with regard to the method with the features of claim 1, with regard to the tool with the features of claim 9 and with respect to the connection with the features of claim 10. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims. All combinations of at least two features disclosed in the description, the claims and / or the figures fall within the scope of the invention. In order to avoid repetition, features disclosed according to the device should be regarded as disclosed according to the method and be able to be claimed. Likewise, according to the method disclosed features should be considered as device disclosed and claimed claimable.

The invention is based on the idea that the at least one peg of the metal dowel after insertion of the metal dowel in a substrate bore is not plastically deformed in the radial direction uniformly over the circumference as in the prior art, but in such a way that the pawl is crossed so that it a front in a direction of rotation peripheral portion, that is located in the direction of rotation located front end of the pinnacle is moved radially outward, as a rear end of the pawl, so that the front peripheral portion of the pawl as a blade or scraper, ie, works to remove the chip during rotation of the Metal dowels around its longitudinal axis in a direction of rotation substrate material, such as wood, plastic or stone, remove so as to create space in the radial direction in the substrate preferably formed as a solid material space for further expansion of the at least one pinnacle in the radial direction. In other words, by applying axial force to the metal dowel, more specifically to the at least one rear spider, a radial force component acting on the at least one spider causes the at least one spider to be unevenly spaced with respect to its circumferential extent, preferably by plastic (permanent) deformation Adjusted radially, so that a lying in a rotational direction front peripheral portion, in particular a front end, is moved further radially outward than a rear end, so as to chip removal or substrate material removal, with the aim of a wide expansion of the pinnacle in allow radial direction or to provide space in the radial direction for this, so that the at least one pinnacle in the finished solid connection, a withdrawal of the metal dowel in the axial direction against the insertion direction due to the produced between the pinnacle and the substrate (effective in the axial direction) positive connection, ie by supporting in the axial direction reliably prevented. The removal of the substrate by means of the front peripheral portion, preferably by means of the front end or preferably in the circumferential direction or in the direction of rotation facing end side of the batt, carried out by applying the metal dowel in the aforementioned, oriented in the circumferential direction of rotation. In this twisting material is removed due to the entanglement of at least one pinnacle.

It is particularly expedient if the metal dowel outside, at least in the area of the battlements / or in an axially adjacent to the pinnacle axial section is contoured and only by the Axialkraftbeaufschlagung an adjustment of the at least one pinnacle in the radial direction over the peripheral edge of an adjacent to the pinnacles Axial section, in particular of the sleeve sheath portion is effected.

It is particularly expedient if not only a single end extending in the circumferential direction to be entangled pinnacle is provided, but if several such, preferably evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, crenelations are provided, and it is even more preferred if at least two of the pinnacles , Preferably all battlements, as described above with reference to the example of a pinnacle, each deformed differently in the radial direction to several substrate material removing, in the radial direction over the respective end portion projecting peripheral portions or edges and / or circumferentially facing end sides to obtain.

Preferably, the generation of the radial force component for non-uniform adjustment of the at least one pinnacle in the circumferential direction by means of a correspondingly shaped tool, in which a cooperating with the radially adjustable peg support surface of the tool has a profile in the radial direction, ie, a contouring deviating from a conical contouring, such that a forward in the direction of rotation portion of the support surface further projects in the radial direction outwardly as a downstream located portion of the support surface. The use of such a tool lends itself to, since in this case the inner circumference of the pinnacles can be contoured cylindrical before adjusting. Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable not to contour the crenellations on their inner circumference cylindrically, but to provide them with a radial course such that the pinnacles protrude further radially inwards in a front region in the direction of rotation than in a rear region in the direction of rotation that takes place by appropriate Radialkraftbeaufschlagung uneven widening in the radial direction. In the latter case could be provided as a tool and a tool with a conically contoured support surface. However, the embodiment variant in which the pinnacles lie with their inside on an imaginary cylinder jacket surface before the radial adjustment is preferred. Such a metal dowel can be produced much easier.

The diameter of the substrate bore into which the metal dowel is inserted in the insertion direction preferably corresponds at least in a front region to the diameter of the metal dowel, in particular the diameter of a cylinder jacket section (sleeve jacket section) arranged in front of the pinnacles in the insertion direction.

According to the invention, the Axialkraftbeaufschlagen not uniform, but pul-sierend, in particular by the use of an impact wrench or percussion drill with a corresponding (tool) essay. It is particularly expedient if the Axialkraftbeaufschlagen to generate the radial force components for interleaving the at least one pinnacle takes place simultaneously with the application of force to the metal dowel in the circumferential direction. This can be achieved for example by the use of a percussion tool, such as a percussion drill or impact wrench. It is also conceivable to realize the application of axial force and the application of force in the direction of rotation always alternately one after the other.

It is conceivable, but not absolutely necessary, that the metal dowel, after sufficient substrate material has been removed with the circumferentially viewed front peripheral portion of the at least one pinnacle, is again subjected to force in the axial direction, such that a radial force component results, the rear peripheral portion of at least a spider, at least approximately, in the radial direction as far radially outward acted upon, that after this process, the at least one pinnacle over its circumferential extent with its front edge at least approximately on a common, ie the same radius. This can be achieved for example by Axialkraftbeaufschlagen by means of a conical support surface.

As already indicated, it is preferred if the metal dowel before insertion into the bore, at least in the region of the battlements and / or in an axially adjacent thereto, in particular circumferentially closed axial portion (cylindrical surface portion), has an outer Zylindermantelhüllkontur. Preferably, an inner Zylindermantelhüllkontur is also provided in the area of the merlons before their entanglement.

In order to prevent the metal dowel, depending on the nature of the substrate preferably formed as a solid substrate, is driven by the, preferably beating, Axialkraftbeaufschlagung into the substrate, ie axially further working beyond the bore further, is provided in development of the invention with advantage that the metal dowel has a large axial support or bearing surface, which is preferably formed by a closed in the insertion direction facing end side. Preferably, the end face is formed by subsequent closing of a passage opening, for example by welding a lens or by screwing a threaded piece into the axially continuous internal thread in this case.

Preferably, the force is applied to the metal dowel in the direction of rotation by means of at least one radial extension of an applied tool which force the rear peripheral portion of at least one pinnacle or not deformed in the radial direction, in particular crenellated, axial extension of the metal dowel in the direction of rotation.

It is particularly useful if the bore is not formed as a continuous (diameter constant) cylinder bore, but as, preferably simple, stepped, stepped bore, wherein a front cylindrical bore portion has a smaller diameter than a rear bore portion, wherein the diameter of the front bore portion preferably the Diameter of the metal dowel plus a game corresponds. Preferably, the axial extent of the front bore portion is dimensioned such that it is projected axially backwards from the pinnacles in order to be able to widen them in such a way by providing the rear, one (eg, 1 mm to 4 mm) larger diameter bore portion. in that they can be moved into the battlements into the peripheral wall of the rear bore section formed by the substrate in a material-removing manner.

The invention also relates to a tool, in particular for placing on a percussion tool or mounted on a striking tool, such as a percussion drill or an impact wrench, for carrying out the method according to the concept of the invention, wherein the tool, preferably adjacent to a radial extension for acting on the metal sleeve, in the direction of rotation has a formed for cooperation with the at least one batt supporting surface, which may rest on the inner circumference of the batt, said support surface is contoured such that when Axialkraftbeaufschlagung a non-uniform deformation of the batt in the radial direction, so that in the circumferential direction or . As viewed in the direction of rotation front peripheral portion of the pinnacle is further adjusted radially outward than a rear portion. In this case, the support surface is preferably contoured in such a way that it is viewed in a front section in the circumferential direction or in the direction of rotation continues radially outward than in a viewed in the direction of rotation rear portion of the support surface. Preferably, the support surface follows a spiral shape. Preferably, a front end edge of the at least one support surface is part-circular contoured and arranged concentrically to the longitudinal center axis of the tool. In this case, the angle of inclination spanned by the support surface and the longitudinal center axis changes over the circumferential extension of the support surface. It is also conceivable to keep the angle of inclination of the support surface constant over the circumferential extent - in this case, the front end edge of the support surface is not concentric with the longitudinal center axis of the tool.

The invention also relates to a compound produced by means of the above-described method according to the concept of the invention between the preferably solid material substrate, i. at least approximately pore-free, i. not formed as a foam substrate and the metal dowel. The substrate is preferably wood, plastic or stone, whereby the term "stone" also refers to concrete or the like.

The connection is preferably characterized in that the front region of the at least one pinnacle viewed in the direction of rotation protrudes further in the radial direction than a rear region, preferably by at least 0.2 mm, more preferably by at least 0.5 mm, particularly preferably by at least 1mm, more preferably at least 1.5mm, most preferably at least 2mm, or at least 3mm or at least 4mm or at least 5mm.

In a further development of the invention, in contrast to a connection produced by Zugbeaufschlagung of the metal dowel connection is characterized in that no material is present between the initially existing cylinder jacket-shaped inner circumference of the bore and the radial end or fixing position of at least one peg, since the metal dowel was subjected to force during insertion in the insertion direction and twisted in the circumferential direction.

The invention also leads to the use of a metal dowel for carrying out the method and / or for producing the connection described above, wherein the metal dowel is characterized by at least one rearwardly facing peg and preferably by an axially adjacent to the at least one pinnacle, preferably circumferentially closed, In particular cylinder jacket-shaped axial portion over its circumference in the radial direction, the at least one pinnacle in the implementation of the method is deformed non-uniformly in the radial direction. Preferably, the metal dowel on a closed, pointing in the direction of insertion end face.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine geschnittene Darstellung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines Metalldübels vor dem Einsetzen in eine Substratbohrung,

Fig. 2

den Metalldübel gemäß Fig. 1 nach der Anwendung des Verfahrens mit in radialer Richtung verschränkten Zinnen,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf die hintere Stirnseite des aufgeweiteten Metalldübels gemäß Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine Verbindung umfassend ein Vollmaterialsubstrat und einen darin eingebrachten Metalldübel mit in radialer Richtung verschränkten Zinnen,

Fig. 5

eine mögliche Ausführungsform eines Werkzeugs zur Herstellung einer Verbindung gemäß Fig. 4,

Fig. 6a

eine Schnittansicht entlang der Schnittlinien A-A gemäß Fig. 5, und

Fig. 6b

eine Schnittansicht entlang der Schnittlinien B-B gemäß Fig. 5.

These show in:

Fig. 1

a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a metal dowel before insertion into a substrate bore,

Fig. 2

the metal dowel according to Fig. 1 after using the method with radially interlocked pinnacles,

Fig. 3

a plan view of the rear end side of the expanded metal dowel according to Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

a joint comprising a solid material substrate and a metal dowel inserted therein with radially interlocked pinnacles,

Fig. 5

a possible embodiment of a tool for making a connection according to Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6a

a sectional view taken along the section lines AA according to Fig. 5 , and

Fig. 6b

a sectional view taken along the section lines BB according to Fig. 5 ,

In the figures, like elements and elements having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In Fig. 1 a possible embodiment of a metal dowel 1 is shown. This is intended to be used in an insertion direction E (axial direction) in a hole in a substrate, in particular wood, stone or plastic. With respect to the insertion direction E back of the metal dowel 1 comprises a plurality, here four circumferentially equally spaced circumferentially curved battlements 2 with pointing in a direction of rotation D front peripheral portion 3 and a counter to the direction of rotation D facing rear peripheral portion 4. The battlements have an outer, cylindrical envelope contour, which is aligned with a cylindrical envelope contour of an axially adjacent to the battlements 2 axial section 5. The axial section 5 is a cylinder jacket section. In this an internal thread opening 6 is introduced with internal thread 7 for fixing a screw. As it turned out Fig. 1 results, the internal thread opening 6 is closed at the end 8 located in the insertion direction E, here by means of a small plate 9. Alternatively, a design of the metal dowel 1 from a single component can be realized. Possibly. can, in particular with hard substrate material such as stone, be dispensed with sealing of the end face 8. In this case, then the metal dowel 1 has a through hole.

It can be seen that the internal thread opening 6 has a cylindrical inner envelope contour, as well as the battlements 2. Both inner envelope contours are spaced from each other via a not provided with a reference numeral cone section.

To set the metal dowel 1 in a hole in a substrate, the pinnacles 2, as in FIG FIGS. 2 and 3 shown, crossed in the radial direction. For this purpose, the battlements 2 axialkraftbeaufschlagt on its inner peripheral side 10 or initially at its inner end edge by means of a as in example Fig. 5 illustrated formed tool 11. This Axialkraftbeaufschlagung is preferably striking. By using the tool 11 with its obliquely extending to the axial extension of the metal dowel support surfaces 1 results on the battlements 2 a radial force component such that the battlements 2 are each unevenly deformed in the radial direction, as is particularly well in Fig. 3 can be seen. There, it is shown that the front circumferential portions 3 of the pinnacles 2 in the direction of rotation D or the ends of the pinnacles 2 pointing in the circumferential direction, more precisely in the direction of rotation D, are adjusted further radially outward than the (rear) circumferential portions 4 oriented counter to the direction of rotation D. or rear ends. In other words, the battlements 2 are deformed so that the front peripheral portions 3 come to lie on a larger radius 12 than the rear peripheral portions 4 and the rear ends, which come to rest on a smaller radius 13. As a result, when the metal dowel 1 is rotated in the direction of rotation D, the front circumferential sections 3 form radially outwardly projecting chip-removing regions 14 or scrapers projecting in the radial direction in front of the rear peripheral section of the respective gable 2 in the direction of rotation in that both radii 12, 13 are larger than the outer radius of the cylindrical axial section 5 axially adjacent to the pinnacles.

Out Fig. 3 It can be seen that in each case two circumferentially adjacent battlements 2 are spaced apart by a distance 20 (material-free peripheral portion). In this section, each one to be explained later radial extension of the tool 11 to engage the rear peripheral portions of the battlements 2, more precisely their counter to the direction of rotation D facing ends to act with a (rotational) force.

In Fig. 4 a connection 15 comprising a substrate 16 designed as a solid material substrate, in particular wood, stone such as concrete or plastic, is shown. In this substrate formed as a stepped bore bore 17 is introduced, the front cylindrical portion 18 has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the axial section 5 plus. A minimum clearance. Axially opposite to the insertion direction E connects thereto to a rear portion 19 with a diameter which is slightly larger than the diameter of the front cylindrical portion 18, preferably by about 1 mm to 3mm larger.

How out Fig. 4 it can be seen, project the pinnacles 2, the front cylindrical portion 13 against the insertion direction E and are radially outwardly widened beyond the outer periphery of the cylindrical axial portion 5 addition, wherein it can be seen further that the pinnacles 2 are not uniformly expanded in the radial direction, but in that the circumferentially-facing front ends of the pinnacles or the front peripheral sections 3 protrude radially further outward than the respective rear peripheral sections 4, whereby chip-removing radially projecting regions 14 for removing substrate material are formed. Preferably, the battlements 2 are simultaneously bent in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction, ie more precisely in the direction of rotation D kraftbeaufschlagt. As a result, substrate material was removed in a region 21 radially adjacent to the rear cylindrical section 19. It can be seen that this region 21 has a curved base surface 22 on its side oriented opposite to the insertion direction E and that no substrate material is present in a region radially between the bore 17 and the rear peripheral edge 23 of the pinnacles.

Because the battlements 2 project beyond the inner circumference of the (original) bore contour of the bore 17 in the radial direction, the battlements 2 are supported in the substrate 16 in the axial direction towards the rear, thereby reliably preventing the metal dowel 1 from being pulled out against the insertion direction E.

Fig. 5 shows a possible embodiment of a tool 11 for inserting the metal dowel 1 and for expanding its battlements. The tool 11 has a number of battlements 2 of the metal dowel 1 corresponding number of support surfaces 24 which are geometrically shaped such that the desired, previously explained, restricting the pinnacles results in the radial direction. For this purpose, the front circumferential regions 25 or front ends in the direction of rotation D protrude further radially outward than the rear circumferential regions 26 or rear ends in the direction of rotation D. In the embodiment shown, the profile of the support surface 24 in a region between the front and the rear peripheral portion 25, 26 is continuous.

At the in Fig. 5 shown embodiment is in conjunction with the Fig. 6a and 6b to recognize that in the insertion direction E front, extending in the circumferential direction edge 27 of the support surface 24 is continuously at a certain radius. To ensure this, the angle of inclination of the support surfaces 24 to the longitudinal central axis of the tool over the course of the support surface 24 in the circumferential direction is different. In other words, the support surface 24 includes in the front peripheral region 25 with the longitudinal center axis L of the tool 11 a larger angle 28 than in the rear peripheral region 26. The inclination angle 29 of the support surface 24 to the longitudinal axis L in the rear peripheral region is smaller by about 15 ° in the embodiment shown as the angle 28 and is about 30 °. The (front) angle 28 is about 45 °.

Alternatively, it is possible to realize a support surface 24 with over its circumferential extent at least approximately constant support surface inclination angle to the longitudinal center axis. In this case, however, the edge 27 is not arranged over its circumferential extent on a constant radius, but extends from the front in the direction of rotation D in the direction of rotation D seen radially inward.

To be able to take the metal dowel 1 in the direction of rotation D so that the plastically deformed pinnacles 2 can remove material with their radially projecting front peripheral section 3, at least one of the pinnacles, preferably each of the pinnacles, is (in each case) one extending in the radial direction , ie in the circumferential direction effective investment or driving surface of the tool to rest on the viewed in the direction of rotation D rear peripheral portion assigned.

reference numeral

1

metal anchors

2

merlon

3

front peripheral section

4

rear peripheral portion

5

axial

6

Internally threaded opening

7

inner thread

8th

front

9

Tile

10

inner peripheral side

11

Tool

12

big radius

13

small radius

14

Area

15

connection

16

substratum

17

drilling

18

front cylindrical section

19

rear cylindrical section

20

distance

21

Area

22

curved base

23

peripheral edge

24

supporting

25

front peripheral area

26

rear peripheral area

27

edge

28

Inclination angle (in front of the direction of rotation)

29

Inclination angle (in the direction of rotation further back)

D

direction of rotation

e

insertion

L

Longitudinal center axis of the tool

Claims (14)

1. A method for producing a fixed connection (15) between a metal anchor (1) and a substrate (16), preferably a solid material substrate, with the steps of:

   • providing a metal anchor (1) that features on its end at least one crenellation (2) extending opposite to an inserting direction (E) and in a rotating direction (D) that is oriented in the circumferential direction,

   • producing a bore (17) in the substrate (16),

   • inserting the metal anchor (1) into the bore (17) in the inserting direction (E),

   • exerting a force upon the metal anchor (1) in the inserting direction (E) and thereby generating a radial force component such that a front circumferential section (3) pointing in the rotating direction (D) is adjusted radially outward in such a way that the front circumferential section (3) radially protrudes over a rear circumferential section (4) referred to the rotating direction (D) in order to thereby remove substrate material during the rotation of the metal anchor (1) in the rotating direction (D), and

   • exerting a force upon the metal anchor (1) in the rotating direction (D) and thereby removing substrate material by means of the front end section of the at least one crenellation (2) that radially protrudes over the rear end section,
   characterized in
   that the metal anchor features an internal thread (7) for locating an externally threaded element, and in
   that the force is exerted upon the metal anchor (1) in the axial direction in a pulsating fashion.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a force is simultaneously or successively exerted upon the metal anchor (1) in the axial direction and in the rotating direction (D).
3. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a force is exerted upon the metal anchor (1) in the inserting direction (E) after the removal of substrate material, and in that a resulting radial force component adjusts the rear circumferential section (4) radially outward at least approximately as far as the front circumferential section (3) of the crenellation (2) such that the front and the rear circumferential sections (3, 4) of the crenellation (2) are at least approximately positioned on the same radius.
4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor (1) to be provided has prior to the insertion into the bore (17) an enveloping contour of a cylinder jacket at least in the region of the crenellations (2) and/or an axial section (5) that is located axially adjacent thereto and, in particular, circumferentially closed.
5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end face of the anchor (1) to be provided, which points in the inserting direction (E), is closed.
6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force is exerted in the rotating direction (D) by means of at least one radial projection of a tool (11) which, in the case of a single crenellation (2), radially protrudes into the clearance between the rear and the front circumferential sections (3, 4) of the one crenellation (2) and exerts a force in the circumferential direction (D) upon the rear circumferential section (4) of the crenellation (2) or, in the case of a first crenellation and at least one second crenellation (2) that is spaced apart from the first crenellation (2) in the rotating direction (D), radially protrudes into the clearance between the first and the second crenellation (2) and exerts a force in the rotating direction (D) upon the rear circumferential section (4) of the first crenellation (2) or exerts a force in the rotating direction (D) upon an axial projection that is not radially deformed.
7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bore (17) is produced in the form of a stepped bore.
8. A tool, particularly for being attached to a percussion drill or an impact driver or being attached to a percussion drill or an impact driver, in order to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims, featuring a force application surface for generating a radial force component acting upon the crenellation (2) of the metal anchor (1) when an axial force is exerted, wherein the force application surface is shaped in such a way that it adjusts the front circumferential section (3) of the crenellation (2) pointing in the rotating direction (D) farther radially outward than the rear end section pointing opposite to the rotating direction (D).
9. A connection between a metal anchor (1) and a substrate (16), preferably a solid material substrate, which is produced in accordance with one of the methods with the characteristics of at least one of claims 1-7 and/or produced with a tool (11) according to claim 8.
10. The connection according to claim 9, characterized in that the front circumferential section (3) of the at least one crenellation (2) radially protrudes farther than the rear circumferential section (4) of the crenellation, preferably by at least 0.2 mm, preferentially by at least 0.5 mm, especially by at least 1.0 mm, particularly by at least 1.5 mm, primarily by at least 2.0 mm.
11. The connection according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that no substrate material is any longer present in a region located radially between a circumferential contour of the bore (17) and the axial rear end of the at least one crenellation (2).
12. A utilization of a metal anchor (1) that features on its end at least one crenellation (2) extending opposite to an inserting direction (E) and in a rotating direction (D) that is oriented in the circumferential direction, as well as an internal thread (7) for locating an externally threaded element, in order to carry out the method according to one of claims 1-7 and/or to produce a connection (15) according to one of claims 8-11.
13. The utilization according to claim 12, characterized in that the end face of the anchor (1) used, which points in the inserting direction (E), is closed.
14. A system comprising a metal anchor (1) that features on its end at least one crenellation (2) extending opposite to an inserting direction (E) and in a rotating direction (D) that is oriented in the circumferential direction, as well as an internal thread (7) for locating an externally threaded element, and a tool according to claim 8.

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