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EP2553369A2 - Device for the cryogenic separation of air - Google Patents

Device for the cryogenic separation of air

Info

Publication number
EP2553369A2
EP2553369A2 EP11708993A EP11708993A EP2553369A2 EP 2553369 A2 EP2553369 A2 EP 2553369A2 EP 11708993 A EP11708993 A EP 11708993A EP 11708993 A EP11708993 A EP 11708993A EP 2553369 A2 EP2553369 A2 EP 2553369A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
column
mixing
heat exchanger
pressure column
mixing column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11708993A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2553369B1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Lochner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to PL11708993T priority Critical patent/PL2553369T3/en
Publication of EP2553369A2 publication Critical patent/EP2553369A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2553369B1 publication Critical patent/EP2553369B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04418—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system with thermally overlapping high and low pressure columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/0446—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases
    • F25J3/04466—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases for producing oxygen as a mixing column overhead gas by mixing gaseous air feed and liquid oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/0489—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the air fractionation unit, in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04945—Details of internal structure; insulation and housing of the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/40—Vertical layout or arrangement of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, condensers, heat exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the cryogenic separation of air according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention has for its object to find an improved arrangement of the mixing column.
  • This object is achieved in that the mixing column and at least one of the two mentioned heat exchangers are arranged in a common coldbox.
  • a coldbox is used for the thermal insulation of plant components (see, for example, Hausen / Linde, Tiefftemperaturtechnik, 1985, in particular pages 490 and 491).
  • a "cold box” is understood here as an insulating casing which has a
  • the insulating effect can be through corresponding configuration of the outer walls and / or be effected by the filling of the gap between system parts and outer walls with an insulating material.
  • a powdery material such as perlite is preferably used.
  • the invention relates in particular to the first two variants, wherein the mixing column is preferably arranged above the subcooling countercurrent.
  • a container for example a column or a heat exchanger
  • the space, otherwise unused, above the heat exchanger is conveniently used by placing the mixing column there. This results in a particularly compact device.
  • the high-pressure column, the low-pressure column and the main heat exchanger can in principle be arranged in the invention in one or more further cold boxes.
  • they each have their own coldbox, in the other they housed in a common coldbox with mixing column and subcooling countercurrent (with or without main heat exchanger), which in particular encloses all the cold parts of the device, in this case also the main heat exchanger.
  • the subcooler countercurrent serves to subcool one or more liquids from one of the columns of the nitrogen-oxygen separation distillation column system or the mixing column in countercurrent to one or more cold gaseous streams, typically from the low pressure column to warm.
  • a supercooling countercurrent serves to remove liquid streams boiling at a higher pressure column (e.g.
  • Mixing column is passed through the supercooling countercurrent, this is heated inversely to get as close to the boiling point below the - regularly higher - pressure of the mixing column.
  • the cold streams are warmed up with the thawing temperature from the lower pressure columns. Since these streams go into the main heat exchanger, the process air in the high-pressure column is also warmer, that is, it is closer to the tau temperature. The proportion of pre-liquefied air is minimized.
  • the space above this heat exchanger remains largely unused, not so in the embodiment of the invention described here.
  • the subcooling countercurrent is realized by a separate component from the main heat exchanger.
  • the mixing column can by suitable fasteners on the
  • the mixing column is placed on a rack, optionally with additional
  • This frame is preferably supported on the bottom of the coldbox.
  • the double column of high pressure column and Low pressure column is arranged in the same coldbox, it may be particularly advantageous if the mixing column is supported on the double column.
  • a common coldbox encloses mixing column, subcooling countercurrent, high pressure column and low pressure column.
  • the coldbox preferably has a rectangular base.
  • the main heat exchanger can in principle also be accommodated in the common coldbox. Alternatively, it is placed in a second, separate cold box, especially if it can be prefabricated and then largely completely on the
  • High-pressure column and low-pressure column are preferably designed as a double column.
  • first and last-mentioned variants can be realized so that the mixing column and the main heat exchanger are arranged in the common cold box. It is advantageous if a first coldbox encloses the main heat exchanger and the mixing column. A second cold box then contains the high pressure column and the low pressure column of the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation, which are preferably arranged in the form of a classic double column. In this variant of the invention, the supercooling countercurrent in the
  • Main heat exchanger to be integrated. For small systems, all cold parts mentioned can be arranged in a single cold box. This can be useful even for very large plants, where the cold box is assembled on site.
  • a first coldbox surrounds the main heat exchanger and the mixing column and a second coldbox surrounds the high-pressure column and the low-pressure column.
  • Figure 2 shows the first embodiment in a vertical cross-sectional view
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention with the arrangement of
  • FIG. 4 shows the second exemplary embodiment in vertical cross-section
  • a mixing column 1 and a subcooling countercurrent 2 are arranged in a common coldbox 3.
  • High-pressure column and low-pressure column of the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation are realized as a classic double column 5 and also housed in the cold box 3.
  • Figure 2 shows the same arrangement in another view.
  • the cold box 3 From the cold box 3, only the lateral outer walls are shown in both drawings. Details such as piping, valves and the interior of the apparatus 1, 2, 5 are not shown.
  • the space between the apparatus 1, 2, 5 and the outer wall of the cold box 3 is filled with perlite.
  • the underside of the coldbox 4 is formed by a separate outer wall.
  • the double column 5 is supported by a frame, not shown, on the bottom 4 of the cold box 3.
  • a main heat exchanger is housed in the first embodiment in a separate coldbox (not shown in Figures 1 and 2).
  • the two dashed circles 1a and 1b in FIG. 1 represent two modifications of the first exemplary embodiment, in which the mixing column is arranged offset to the supercooling countercurrent 2. However, the mixing column is also above the
  • Subcooling countercurrent arranged (analogous to Figure 2); In order to reach this geodetic height, it must be mounted on its own frame.
  • FIG. 4 shows the same arrangement in FIG different view. From the cold box 3, only the lateral outer walls are shown in both drawings. Details such as piping, valves and the interior of the apparatus 1, 6 are not shown. The space between the apparatus 1, 6 and the outer wall of the cold box 3 is filled with perlite. The underside of the coldbox 4 can be formed by a separate outer wall or a foundation. The two devices 1, 6 are each supported by a frame.
  • a subcooling countercurrent and the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation are housed in the second embodiment in one or more separate cold boxes (not shown in Figures 3 and 4).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The device serves for the cryogenic separation of air. It has the following features: a main heat exchanger and a supercooling countercurrent heat exchanger (2); a distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation (5), which comprises a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column; a mixing column (1); means for introducing charge air via the main heat exchanger into the high-pressure column and into the mixing column; a liquid-oxygen line for introducing liquid oxygen from the low-pressure column into the upper region of the mixing column; an oxygen product line for extracting oxygen gas from the upper region of the mixing column through the main heat exchanger. The mixing column (1) and at least one of the two heat exchangers mentioned (2, 6) are arranged in a common cold box (3).

Description

Beschreibung  description

Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlequnq von Luft Apparatus for cryogenic separation of air

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. The invention relates to a device for the cryogenic separation of air according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Luftzerlegungsverfahren mit Mischsäule sind seit den siebziger Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts bekannt (DE 2204376 = US 4022030). Außerdem sind solche Verfahren in US 5454227, US 5490391 , DE 19803437 A1 , DE 19951521 A1 , EP 1139046 B1 (= US 2001052244 A1 ), EP 1284404 A1 (=US 6662595 B2), DE 10209421 A1 , DEAir separation processes with mixing column are known since the seventies of the last century (DE 2204376 = US 4022030). Furthermore, such processes are described in US Pat. No. 5,454,227, US Pat. No. 5,490,391, DE 19803437 A1, DE 19951521 A1, EP 1139046 B1 (= US Pat. No. 2,001,024,244 A1), EP 1284404 A1 (= US Pat. No. 6662595 B2), DE 10209421 A1, DE

10217093 A1 , EP 1376037 B1 (=US 6776004 B2), EP 1387136 A1 und EP 1666824 A1 offenbart. Diese Schriften zeigen nur schematische Verfahrensdiagramme und enthalten keine Information über die räumliche Anordnung der Mischsäule in Bezug auf die übrigen Apparateteile. 10217093 A1, EP 1376037 B1 (= US Pat. No. 6,776,004 B2), EP 1387136 A1 and EP 1666824 A1. These documents show only schematic process diagrams and contain no information about the spatial arrangement of the mixing column with respect to the other parts of the apparatus.

Aus DE 19904526 A1 ist bekannt, Hochdrucksäule, Niederdrucksäule und Mischsäule nebeneinander auf dem Boden anzuordnen. In US 6167723 wird ebenfalls empfohlen, die Mischsäule auf dem Boden aufzustellen, hier ist die Niederdrucksäule oberhalb der Mischsäule angeordnet, die Hochdrucksäule steht daneben. Auch in DE 19919587 A1 steht die Mischsäule auf dem Boden; die Doppelsäule aus Hochdrucksäule und Niederdrucksäule ist oberhalb der Mischsäule aufgebaut. From DE 19904526 A1 it is known to arrange high-pressure column, low-pressure column and mixing column next to one another on the floor. In US 6167723 it is also recommended to set up the mixing column on the ground, here the low-pressure column is arranged above the mixing column, the high-pressure column stands next to it. Also in DE 19919587 A1, the mixing column is on the ground; the double column of high-pressure column and low-pressure column is constructed above the mixing column.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte Anordnung der Mischsäule zu finden. The invention has for its object to find an improved arrangement of the mixing column.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass die Mischsäule und mindestens einer der beiden genannten Wärmetauscher in einer gemeinsamen Coldbox angeordnet sind. This object is achieved in that the mixing column and at least one of the two mentioned heat exchangers are arranged in a common coldbox.

Eine Coldbox dient zur thermischen Isolierung von Anlagenteilen (siehe zum Beispiel Hausen/Linde, Tieftemperaturtechnik, 1985, insbesondere Seiten 490 und 491 ). Unter einer "Coldbox" wird hier eine isolierende Umhüllung verstanden, die einen A coldbox is used for the thermal insulation of plant components (see, for example, Hausen / Linde, Tiefftemperaturtechnik, 1985, in particular pages 490 and 491). A "cold box" is understood here as an insulating casing which has a

wärmeisolierten Innenraum vollständig mit Außenwänden umfasst; in dem Innenraum sind zu isolierenden Anlagenteile angeordnet, zum Beispiel ein oder mehrere thermally insulated interior complete with exterior walls; in the interior of equipment to be isolated parts are arranged, for example, one or more

Trennsäulen und/oder Wärmetauscher. Die isolierende Wirkung kann durch entsprechende Ausgestaltung der Außenwände und/oder durch die Füllung des Zwischenraums zwischen Anlagenteilen und Außenwänden mit einem Isoliermaterial bewirkt werden. Bei der letzteren Variante wird vorzugsweise ein pulverförmiges Material wie zum Beispiel Perlite verwendet. Separation columns and / or heat exchangers. The insulating effect can be through corresponding configuration of the outer walls and / or be effected by the filling of the gap between system parts and outer walls with an insulating material. In the latter variant, a powdery material such as perlite is preferably used.

Für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gibt es drei bevorzugte Varianten There are three preferred variants for the device according to the invention

- Mischsäule, Hauptwärmetauscher und Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer in einer  - Mixing column, main heat exchanger and subcooling countercurrent in one

gemeinsamen Coldbox  common coldbox

- Mischsäule und Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer in einer gemeinsamen Coldbox;  - mixing column and subcooling countercurrent in a common coldbox;

Hauptwärmetauscher in einer weiteren, separaten Coldbox  Main heat exchanger in another, separate cold box

- Mischsäule und Hauptwärmetauscher in einer gemeinsamen Coldbox;  - mixing column and main heat exchanger in a common coldbox;

Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer in einer weiteren, separaten Coldbox  Subcooling countercurrent in another, separate coldbox

Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf die ersten beiden Varianten, wobei die Mischsäule vorzugsweise oberhalb des Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmers angeordnet ist. The invention relates in particular to the first two variants, wherein the mixing column is preferably arranged above the subcooling countercurrent.

Alle Angaben zur räumlichen Orientierung beziehen sich hier auf Ausrichtung der Vorrichtung während des Betriebs der Kolonnen. Ein Behälter (zum Beispiel eine Säule oder ein Wärmetauscher) befindet sich All information on the spatial orientation here refers to the orientation of the device during the operation of the columns. A container (for example a column or a heat exchanger) is located

"oberhalb" (beziehungsweise "unterhalb") eines anderen Behälters, wenn sich seine Unterkante (Oberkante) auf höherem (niedrigerem) geodätischen Niveau als die Oberkante (Unterkante) des anderen Behälters befindet. Dabei kann, muss aber nicht eine vertikale Linie existieren, die durch beide Behälter hindurchgeht. In der Projektion auf eine horizontale Ebene können sich die Querschnitte der beiden Behälter überschneiden, sie können aber auch vollständig versetzt zueinander angeordnet sein Analog ist der Begriff "übereinander" zu verstehen.  "above" (or "below") another container if its bottom edge (upper edge) is at a higher (lower) geodesic level than the top edge (bottom edge) of the other container. This may or may not be a vertical line passing through both containers. In the projection on a horizontal plane, the cross sections of the two containers may overlap, but they may also be arranged completely offset from one another. Analogously, the term "one above the other" should be understood.

Bei der hier beschriebenen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der - ansonsten ungenutzte - Raum über dem Wärmetauscher, auf günstige Weise verwendet, indem die Mischsäule dort platziert wird. Es ergibt sich eine besonders kompakte Vorrichtung. In the embodiment of the invention described herein, the space, otherwise unused, above the heat exchanger is conveniently used by placing the mixing column there. This results in a particularly compact device.

Die Hochdrucksäule, die Niederdrucksäule und der Hauptwärmetauscher können bei der Erfindung grundsätzlich in einer oder mehreren weiteren Coldboxen angeordnet sein. Im einen Extremfall weisen sie jeweils eine eigene Coldbox auf, im anderen sind sie in einer gemeinsamen Coldbox mit Mischsäule und Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer (mit oder ohne Hauptwärmetauscher) untergebracht, die insbesondere alle kalten Teile der Vorrichtung umschließt, in diesem Fall also auch den Hauptwärmetauscher. Der Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer dient dazu, eine oder mehrere Flüssigkeiten aus einer der Säulen des Destilliersäulen-Systems zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung oder der Mischsäule im Gegenstrom zu einem oder mehreren kalten gasförmigen Strömen, die in der Regel aus der Niederdrucksäule kommen, zu unterkühlen oder anzuwärmen. Insbesondere dient ein Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer dazu, flüssige Ströme, die mit Siedetemperatur aus einer Säule mit höheren Druck (zum Beispiel der The high-pressure column, the low-pressure column and the main heat exchanger can in principle be arranged in the invention in one or more further cold boxes. In one extreme case, they each have their own coldbox, in the other they housed in a common coldbox with mixing column and subcooling countercurrent (with or without main heat exchanger), which in particular encloses all the cold parts of the device, in this case also the main heat exchanger. The subcooler countercurrent serves to subcool one or more liquids from one of the columns of the nitrogen-oxygen separation distillation column system or the mixing column in countercurrent to one or more cold gaseous streams, typically from the low pressure column to warm. In particular, a supercooling countercurrent serves to remove liquid streams boiling at a higher pressure column (e.g.

Hochdrucksäule) in eine Säule mit niedrigerem Druck (zum Beispiel die High pressure column) into a lower pressure column (for example the

Niederdrucksäule) entspannt werden, möglichst bis zu der Siedetemperatur abgekühlt werden, die dem niedrigeren Druckniveau entspricht. Dabei wird die Dampfmenge (Flash) bei der Entspannung, vom höheren auf den niedrigeren Druck minimiert. Wenn der flüssige Sauerstoff aus der Niederdrucksäule vor der Einspeisung in die Low pressure column) are relaxed, if possible cooled to the boiling temperature, which corresponds to the lower pressure level. The amount of steam (Flash) is minimized during the relaxation, from the higher to the lower pressure. When the liquid oxygen from the low pressure column before feeding into the

Mischsäule durch den Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer geführt wird, wird dieser umgekehrt angewärmt, um möglichst nahe an den Siedepunkt unter dem - regelmäßig höheren - Druck der Mischsäule zu gelangen. Im Gegenzug dazu werden die kalten Ströme mit der Tautemperatur aus den Säulen mit dem niedrigeren Druck angewärmt. Da diese Ströme in den Hauptwärmetauscher gehen, wird die Prozessluft in die Hochdrucksäule ebenfalls wärmer, das heißt sie ist der Tautemperatur näher. Der Anteil der vorverflüssigten Luft wird minimiert. Bei den bisher bekannten Mixing column is passed through the supercooling countercurrent, this is heated inversely to get as close to the boiling point below the - regularly higher - pressure of the mixing column. In turn, the cold streams are warmed up with the thawing temperature from the lower pressure columns. Since these streams go into the main heat exchanger, the process air in the high-pressure column is also warmer, that is, it is closer to the tau temperature. The proportion of pre-liquefied air is minimized. In the previously known

Mischsäulenanlagen bleibt der Raum oberhalb dieses Wärmetauschers weitgehend ungenutzt, nicht so bei der hier beschriebenen Ausführungsform der Erfindung. In dieser Variante der Erfindung ist der Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer durch ein vom Hauptwärmetauscher getrenntes Bauteil realisiert. Mixed column systems, the space above this heat exchanger remains largely unused, not so in the embodiment of the invention described here. In this variant of the invention, the subcooling countercurrent is realized by a separate component from the main heat exchanger.

Die Mischsäule kann dabei durch geeignete Verbindungselemente auf dem The mixing column can by suitable fasteners on the

Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer befestigt sein. Alternativ (oder vorzugsweise dann, wenn die Mischsäule seitlich versetzt zum Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer angeordnet ist) wird die Mischsäule auf einem Gestell angeordnet, gegebenenfalls mit zusätzlicher Be mounted subcooling countercurrent. Alternatively (or preferably, when the mixing column is laterally offset from the subcooling countercurrent), the mixing column is placed on a rack, optionally with additional

Abstützung an der Außenwand der Coldbox oder an anderen Apparaten, die von der Coldbox umschlossen werden. Dieses Gestell stützt sich vorzugsweise auf dem Boden der Coldbox ab. Wenn auch die Doppelsäule aus Hochdrucksäule und Niederdrucksäule in derselben Coldbox angeordnet ist, kann es besonders günstig sein, wenn die Mischsäule an der Doppelsäule abgestützt ist. Support on the outer wall of the coldbox or on other devices that are enclosed by the coldbox. This frame is preferably supported on the bottom of the coldbox. Although the double column of high pressure column and Low pressure column is arranged in the same coldbox, it may be particularly advantageous if the mixing column is supported on the double column.

Es ist günstig, wenn eine gemeinsame Coldbox Mischsäule, Unterkühlungs- Gegenströmer, Hochdrucksäule und Niederdrucksäule umschließt. Die Coldbox weist vorzugsweise eine rechteckige Grundfläche auf. Der Hauptwärmetauscher kann grundsätzlich ebenfalls in der gemeinsamen Coldbox untergebracht werden. Alternativ wird er in einer zweiten, separaten Coldbox angeordnet, insbesondere dann, wenn diese vorgefertigt werden kann und anschließend weitgehend komplett auf die It is favorable if a common coldbox encloses mixing column, subcooling countercurrent, high pressure column and low pressure column. The coldbox preferably has a rectangular base. The main heat exchanger can in principle also be accommodated in the common coldbox. Alternatively, it is placed in a second, separate cold box, especially if it can be prefabricated and then largely completely on the

Baustelle transportiert wird. Hochdrucksäule und Niederdrucksäule sind vorzugsweise als Doppelsäule ausgestaltet. Construction site is transported. High-pressure column and low-pressure column are preferably designed as a double column.

Die oben zuerst und zuletzt genannten Varianten können so realisiert werden, dass die Mischsäule und der Hauptwärmetauscher in der gemeinsamen Coldbox angeordnet sind. Hierbei ist es günstig, wenn eine erste Coldbox den Hauptwärmetauscher und die Mischsäule umschließt. Eine zweite Coldbox enthält dann die Hochdrucksäule und die Niederdrucksäule des Destilliersäulen-Systems zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung, die vorzugsweise in Form einer klassischen Doppelsäule angeordnet sind. In dieser Variante der Erfindung kann der Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer in den The above first and last-mentioned variants can be realized so that the mixing column and the main heat exchanger are arranged in the common cold box. It is advantageous if a first coldbox encloses the main heat exchanger and the mixing column. A second cold box then contains the high pressure column and the low pressure column of the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation, which are preferably arranged in the form of a classic double column. In this variant of the invention, the supercooling countercurrent in the

Hauptwärmetauscher integriert sein. Bei kleinen Anlagen können alle genannten kalten Teile in einer einzigen Coldbox angeordnet werden. Dies kann auch bei sehr großen Anlagen sinnvoll sein, bei denen die Coldbox auf der Baustelle zusammengesetzt wird. Main heat exchanger to be integrated. For small systems, all cold parts mentioned can be arranged in a single cold box. This can be useful even for very large plants, where the cold box is assembled on site.

In diesem Fall ist es günstig, wenn eine erste Coldbox den Hauptwärmetauscher und die Mischsäule und eine zweite Coldbox die Hochdrucksäule und die Niederdrucksäule umschließen. In this case, it is favorable if a first coldbox surrounds the main heat exchanger and the mixing column and a second coldbox surrounds the high-pressure column and the low-pressure column.

Hochdrucksäule und Niederdrucksäule sind vorzugsweise übereinander angeordnet. Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen: Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit Anordnung von High-pressure column and low-pressure column are preferably arranged one above the other. The invention and further details of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Hereby show: Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention with an arrangement of

Mischsäule und Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer übereinander in horizontaler Querschnittsdarstellung,  Mixing column and subcooling countercurrents one above the other in horizontal cross section,

Figur 2 das erste Ausführungsbeispiel in vertikaler Querschnittsdarstellung, Figur 3 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit Anordnung von  Figure 2 shows the first embodiment in a vertical cross-sectional view, Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention with the arrangement of

Mischsäule und Hauptwärmetauscher in einer gemeinsamen Coldbox in horizontaler Querschnittsdarstellung und  Mixing column and main heat exchanger in a common coldbox in horizontal cross-sectional view and

Figur 4 das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel in vertikaler Querschnittsdarstellung,  FIG. 4 shows the second exemplary embodiment in vertical cross-section,

In dem Beispiel von Figur 1 sind eine Mischsäule 1 und ein Unterkühlungs- Gegenströmer 2 in einer gemeinsamen Coldbox 3 angeordnet. Hochdrucksäule und Niederdrucksäule des Destilliersäulen-Systems zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung sind als klassische Doppelsäule 5 realisiert und ebenfalls in der Coldbox 3 untergebracht. Figur 2 zeigt dieselbe Anordnung in anderer Ansicht. In the example of FIG. 1, a mixing column 1 and a subcooling countercurrent 2 are arranged in a common coldbox 3. High-pressure column and low-pressure column of the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation are realized as a classic double column 5 and also housed in the cold box 3. Figure 2 shows the same arrangement in another view.

Von der Coldbox 3 sind in beiden Zeichnungen nur die seitlichen Außenwände dargestellt. Details wie Rohrleitungen, Ventile und das Innere der Apparate 1 , 2, 5 sind nicht gezeigt. Der Zwischenraum zwischen den Apparaten 1 , 2, 5 und der Außenwand der Coldbox 3 ist mit Perlite gefüllt. Die Unterseite der Coldbox 4 wird durch eine separate Außenwand gebildet. Die Doppelsäule 5 ist über ein nicht dargestelltes Gestell auf dem Boden 4 der Coldbox 3 abgestützt. Die Mischsäule 1 und der From the cold box 3, only the lateral outer walls are shown in both drawings. Details such as piping, valves and the interior of the apparatus 1, 2, 5 are not shown. The space between the apparatus 1, 2, 5 and the outer wall of the cold box 3 is filled with perlite. The underside of the coldbox 4 is formed by a separate outer wall. The double column 5 is supported by a frame, not shown, on the bottom 4 of the cold box 3. The mixing column 1 and the

Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer stützen sich über ebenfalls nicht dargestellte Subcooling countercurrents are based on also not shown

Verbindungselemente an der Doppelsäule 5 ab. Ein Hauptwärmetauscher ist bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer separaten Coldbox untergebracht (in Figuren 1 und 2 nicht dargestellt). Connecting elements on the double column 5 from. A main heat exchanger is housed in the first embodiment in a separate coldbox (not shown in Figures 1 and 2).

Die beiden gestrichelten Kreise 1a und 1 b in Figur 1 stellen zwei Abwandlungen des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels dar, bei der die Mischsäule versetzt zum Unterkühlungs- Gegenströmer 2 angeordnet ist. Die Mischsäule ist jedoch auch hier oberhalb desThe two dashed circles 1a and 1b in FIG. 1 represent two modifications of the first exemplary embodiment, in which the mixing column is arranged offset to the supercooling countercurrent 2. However, the mixing column is also above the

Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmers angeordnet (analog zu Figur 2); um diese geodätische Höhe zu erreichen muss sie auf ein eigenes Gestell montiert sein. Subcooling countercurrent arranged (analogous to Figure 2); In order to reach this geodetic height, it must be mounted on its own frame.

In dem Beispiel von Figur 3 sind eine Mischsäule 1 und ein Hauptwärmetauscher 6 in einer gemeinsamen Coldbox 3 angeordnet. Figur 4 zeigt dieselbe Anordnung in anderer Ansicht. Von der Coldbox 3 sind in beiden Zeichnungen nur die seitlichen Außenwände dargestellt. Details wie Rohrleitungen, Ventile und das Innere der Apparate 1 , 6 sind nicht gezeigt. Der Zwischenraum zwischen den Apparaten 1 , 6 und der Außenwand der Coldbox 3 ist mit Perlite gefüllt. Die Unterseite der Coldbox 4 kann durch eine separate Außenwand oder eine Fundament gebildet werden. Die beiden Apparate 1 , 6 werden von je einem Gestell unterstützt. In the example of FIG. 3, a mixing column 1 and a main heat exchanger 6 are arranged in a common coldbox 3. FIG. 4 shows the same arrangement in FIG different view. From the cold box 3, only the lateral outer walls are shown in both drawings. Details such as piping, valves and the interior of the apparatus 1, 6 are not shown. The space between the apparatus 1, 6 and the outer wall of the cold box 3 is filled with perlite. The underside of the coldbox 4 can be formed by a separate outer wall or a foundation. The two devices 1, 6 are each supported by a frame.

Ein Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer und das Destilliersäulen-System zur Stickstoff- Sauerstoff-Trennung sind bei dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer oder mehreren separaten Coldboxen untergebracht (in den Figuren 3 und 4 nicht dargestellt). A subcooling countercurrent and the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation are housed in the second embodiment in one or more separate cold boxes (not shown in Figures 3 and 4).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft mit einem Hauptwärmetauscher (6) und einem Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer (2), mit einem Destilliersäulen- System zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung (5), das eine Hochdrucksäule und eine Niederdrucksäule aufweist, und mit einer Mischsäule (1 ) und mit Mitteln zumA device for the cryogenic separation of air with a main heat exchanger (6) and a subcooling countercurrent (2), with a distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation (5), which has a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column, and with a mixing column ( 1) and with funds for Einleiten von Einsatzluft über den Hauptwärmetauscher in die Hochdrucksäule und in die Mischsäule, mit einer Flüssigsauerstoffleitung zum Einleiten von flüssigem Sauerstoff aus der Niederdrucksäule in den oberen Bereich der Mischsäule und mit einer Sauerstoffproduktleitung zum Abziehen von Sauerstoffgas aus dem oberen Bereich der Mischsäule durch den Hauptwärmetauscher, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischsäule (1 ) und mindestens einer der beiden genannten Wärmetauscher (2, 6) in einer gemeinsamen Coldbox (3) angeordnet sind. Introducing feed air via the main heat exchanger into the high pressure column and into the mixing column, with a liquid oxygen line for introducing liquid oxygen from the low pressure column into the top of the mixing column and with an oxygen product line for withdrawing oxygen gas from the top of the mixing column through the main heat exchanger in that the mixing column (1) and at least one of the two heat exchangers (2, 6) are arranged in a common cold box (3). 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischsäule (1 ) und der Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer (2) in der gemeinsamen Coldbox (3) angeordnet sind und die Mischsäule (1 ) oberhalb des Unterkühlungs- Gegenströmers (2) angeordnet ist. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing column (1) and the subcooling countercurrent (2) in the common coldbox (3) are arranged and the mixing column (1) above the supercooling countercurrent (2) is arranged. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Mischsäule (1 ) auf einem Gestell angeordnet ist.  Mixing column (1) is arranged on a frame. 4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gemeinsame Coldbox (3) die Mischsäule (1 ), den Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer (2), die Hochdrucksäule und die Niederdrucksäule umschließt. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the common coldbox (3) encloses the mixing column (1), the subcooling countercurrent (2), the high pressure column and the low pressure column. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischsäule (1 ) und der Hauptwärmetauscher (6) in der gemeinsamen Coldbox (3) angeordnet sind. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixing column (1) and the main heat exchanger (6) are arranged in the common coldbox (3). 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erste Coldbox (3) den Hauptwärmetauscher (6) und die Mischsäule (1 ) und eine zweite Coldbox die Hochdrucksäule und die Niederdrucksäule umschließen. 6. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a first coldbox (3) the main heat exchanger (6) and the mixing column (1) and a second cold box enclose the high pressure column and the low pressure column. 7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Hochdrucksäule und Niederdrucksäule übereinander (5) angeordnet sind. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the high pressure column and low pressure column are arranged one above the other (5).
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