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EP2542653B1 - Water distribution system for a gasification reactor - Google Patents

Water distribution system for a gasification reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2542653B1
EP2542653B1 EP11708399.8A EP11708399A EP2542653B1 EP 2542653 B1 EP2542653 B1 EP 2542653B1 EP 11708399 A EP11708399 A EP 11708399A EP 2542653 B1 EP2542653 B1 EP 2542653B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
distribution system
openings
water distribution
reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11708399.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2542653A2 (en
EP2542653B8 (en
Inventor
Johannes Kowoll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Publication of EP2542653A2 publication Critical patent/EP2542653A2/en
Publication of EP2542653B1 publication Critical patent/EP2542653B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2542653B8 publication Critical patent/EP2542653B8/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/78High-pressure apparatus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52Ash-removing devices
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/74Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/82Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/82Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C10J3/845Quench rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17DPIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318Processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water distribution system and a water distribution method for a gasification reactor for carrying out a slag-forming air flow method in which the resulting synthesis gas flows downward during the gasification reaction.
  • hot gas is generated from 1200 to 2000 ° C containing molten and sticky ash particles and condensing or desubliming substances, such as e.g. Sodium, potassium, lead and zinc. These particles can form deposits on cooled walls and cause malfunctions.
  • the hot gas is often cooled by mixing with water, i. quenched, the ash particles quickly solidify.
  • the fine fly ash particles have similar properties to cement and can form concrete-like deposits with water. So that does not happen, all the walls of the quenching room should be continuously either hot and dry or covered with a film of water.
  • the water curtain In order to prevent a backflow of the generated synthesis gas, the water curtain should have no gaps in the edge region. But he should also not cool so much that the slag outlet clogged. In addition, the water curtain should be evenly distributed over the circumference and thereby be as fine and thin. Furthermore, the generated, to be quenched gas jet should be centered so that the hot gas can be quenched as effectively as possible after the disintegration of the water curtain in the central region of the cross section.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved water distribution system and an improved water distribution method for a gasification reactor for carrying out a slag-forming flight flow method, which no longer has the disadvantages described above and is as economical as possible to install and operate.
  • the openings are designed as upwardly directed nozzles.
  • the openings may also have a tangential inclination in the direction of the circumference of the reactor or also an inclination towards the central axis of the reactor.
  • the openings are guided with a lateral component and not only vertically from the openings to the deflection.
  • the annular distributor is designed with different flow cross sections, which taper from the inlet of the ring distributor to each of the openings. It is important to ensure that a flow rate of approximately 2 m / s is maintained. However, if slag water or other particle-laden return water for the water curtain is to be used, the flow rate must in any case be more than 0.5 m / s, so that no particles can settle. In this case, a flow rate of 3 m / s should not be exceeded because of the risk of erosion. The strength of the generated water curtain should be between 1 and 10 mm.
  • the flow cross sections of the ring distributor are interpreted accordingly by the person skilled in the art.
  • the radius of curvature of the deflection surface is less than 0.3 meters.
  • Deflection surfaces of this type can be obtained, for example, in an economical manner from longitudinally open, curved tubes.
  • the concave deflection surface according to the invention can be composed without difficulty of sectionally juxtaposed or nested sections to facilitate maintenance.
  • a straight section adjoins the curvature of the deflection surface. In terms of design, this can be achieved by not removing the segment for the outlet of the water curtain, but after the longitudinal cutting upwards bent out and straightened, resulting in a baseball cap-like cross-section for the concave deflection.
  • the annular distributor according to the invention on the outside thereof, as well as the cooled walls of the quenching space, tend to cause caking of fine particles from the particle-laden gas. Therefore, such cooled walls are usually provided with a water film.
  • the water distribution system can also be modified by further embodiment of the ring manifold so that the production of the water films required for the Quenchraumwandungen and the outer wall of the ring manifold itself is alike. In this case, further lateral openings and opposite deflection surfaces are provided which form a water film generate, which adheres to the outer wall of the ring manifold and further to the wall of the quench and runs down it.
  • the person skilled in the art has to weigh up which geometric shape is to be selected for the respective purpose. If the water curtain in the middle of the central channel converge, so that the water curtain mainly decays in the central region, the water is to be directed vertically against the deflection without twist. However, if the falling water curtain is to contract first in the middle, then widen again during the further case, and if a more even radial distribution of the drops is desired to wet the edge regions of the reactor in the lower part of the water curtain, then the water curtain is a corresponding one Impose rotation around the reactor axis. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention is therefore provided that the water jets are directed in the circumferential direction of the reactor inclined to the deflection that the closed water film performs a rotation about the reactor axis.
  • the solids-laden water from the slag bath of the gasification reactor or the water from a water cycle downstream of the slag bath of the gasification reactor is used as water. Prior to use, only a coarse separation of larger slag particles is required, such as in a hydrocyclone.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of the device for the production of the free-falling, funnel-shaped and marginally closed water curtain with a gap according to the conventional art extended around a curved surface for equalization of the flat steel.
  • the device is in this case behind a cooled wall 2, which consists for example of evaporator tubes.
  • the hot gas emanating from a gasifier has a temperature in the range of 1000-2000 ° C and contains fly ash and molten slag particles. Coarse slag also falls in the central region of the usually cylindrical channel 1, whose diameter is in the range of 0.6 - 3 m at.
  • the quench water is fed at one or more points into the circulating channel 4 of the distributor 3, which consists of the rectangular upper part and a chamfered bottom.
  • the channel has a constant width over the circumference, but its height varies so that there is a constant flow velocity in the interior over the entire circumference. Only part of the cross-section is varied, drawn as height H1, but the remainder of the cross-section has a function similar to that of a flywheel to compensate for the effects of disturbances in the entrance area and deviations of the construction from the computationally ideal shape.
  • the water leaves the distributor through the outlet gap 5 and is then deflected on the deflector 6 designed as a concave surface. If small portions of the cross section of the outlet gap 5 are clogged, the outflowing water jet has gaps. On the curved surface, however, the water is forced so strongly against the concave surface that the gaps are closed. From the water film of the deflection 6, which is designed as a ramp, a water curtain 7, which is closed at first, emerges, which falls freely, and only decays as a result of the mixing with the hot gas 1. The closed water curtain prevents upward flow of the cooled, water-drop containing gas into the carburetor exit area, thereby preventing slag flow disturbances.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the position of the water distribution system in the gasification reactor, with the pressure vessel 8, the supply lines 9 of the water in the ring manifold 3 and the central cylindrical channel with hot gas 1.
  • the water supply via only one supply line would also be possible.
  • the ring distributor would then have a correspondingly larger diameter.
  • a larger supply line is cheaper than several smaller, but it is also stiffer, which can lead to thermal expansion differences between the manifold 3 and the pressure vessel 8. In terms of the number of feeders, an optimum can be found by the person skilled in the art.
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective section of a ring manifold 3 with the deflection 11.
  • the inventive production of the water curtain 7 is carried out by means of much larger openings 10, which can not be clogged, and with a Deflection surface 11, on which the outflowing water jets are pressed flat by centrifugal forces and form a flat water curtain 7 at the exit.
  • a substantially constant speed of circulation of the water flow in the ring manifold 3 is required, which can be achieved by varying the cross section, in the present example, this is done by varying the height, but other variations can also be used .
  • the inflow of water takes place on the transverse surface next to the inscription H1.
  • H1 represents the variable part of the height
  • H2 represents the constant part of the total height, which is composed of H1 and H2.
  • the openings can, as in Fig. 3 shown as round holes, but also as rectangular slots or as straight or curved nozzles are executed.
  • the pulse of the circulating flow in the ring manifold 3 can be used for this purpose. It is sufficient to make the openings 10 so that the peripheral component of the pulse is not destroyed when the water exits through the openings 10. If the upper wall of the ring manifold 3 is significantly thinner than the length of the opening in the circumferential direction, the openings can be made perpendicular to the wall. For a thicker wall, the openings should be made obliquely, with the favorable angle resulting from the normal and tangential velocity components by vector addition.
  • Fig. 4 shows an advantageous geometry of a deflection surface 11.
  • the deflection surface should have a substantially circular or elliptical shape and include a deflection angle BETA.
  • the radii R1 and R2 can be varied within a wide range.
  • a section B which is straight in longitudinal section, ie a cone section in 3-dimensional view, so that no centrifugal forces act on the water at the trailing edge and change the direction of the jet. Only a short "straight" section is required.
  • a length of 5 to 10 water film thicknesses that is 10 to 20 mm with a 2 mm thick film of water, which slides along the deflection surface, a stable, uniform water fog is generated.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the ring manifold 3 with nozzles as openings 10.
  • the outflow of water from the ring manifold 3 takes place here with nozzles which are inclined in the tangential direction.
  • the deflection surface 11 may be first to the outside be tilted to achieve larger orbital angles and thus cause the path on which the water jets are pressed flat by the centrifugal forces, is extended.
  • FIG. 5 shows a water film 15, which runs down on the side facing the reactor chamber on the ring manifold 3 and thus protects it from caking.
  • openings 12 are provided, through which flows a part of the water circulating in the manifold in a gap 14 which is formed for example by the inner wall of the ring manifold and a cylindrical plate 13 which is curved at the upper end, so that the water jets formed through the openings 12 are pressed flat and form a thin film on the surface 13 first.
  • the openings 12 may have similar shapes as the openings 10, so holes, slots or nozzles.
  • the circulation speed should be maintained during the flow, so that the film formed on the surface 13 is still thrown within the gap 14 by the centrifugal force to the wall 16.
  • the width of the gap 14 may be greater than that of the water film at low film thicknesses.
  • the deflection surface at the upper end of the sheet 13 is intended to have a very small radius, e.g. 30 mm.
  • the diameter of the openings 12 and the width of the gap 14 can be significantly greater than the thickness of the wall film produced, so that coarser, e.g. 10 mm large slag granules can flow through this device with the water unhindered.
  • the nozzle inside diameter is then to be selected with 10 mm to exclude blockages.
  • the distance between the nozzles is selected so that the required speed of 1.5 - 2 m / s prevails in the nozzles.
  • the nozzles should therefore be 40 mm apart.
  • the centrifugal acceleration of the water is 75 m / s 2 at 1.5 m / s and 133 m / s 2 at 2 m / s - that is 7 to 13 times the gravitational acceleration.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the water distribution system according to the invention.
  • the free falling water curtain 7 is generated similarly as in Fig. 3 and 5 , However, the wall film is produced by tangential injection of the water flowing through openings 12 onto the surface 16.
  • the speed of the water in the openings 12 may be higher than the speed of circulation of the water in the distributor 4, so that the water jets are pressed against the wall 16 and form a flat film.
  • a small, eg 10 mm wide diameter jump between surfaces 16 and 17 can be additionally provided, so that first a rotating, 10 mm thick water layer is formed, from which a thinner wall film with a first small vertical speed on the wall 17 succeeds.
  • a cylindrical wall with a diameter of 2 m is to be protected with a thin film of water against deposits, the narrowest cross sections should be at least 10 mm wide to exclude blockages, and the required normal initial speed of the free falling water curtain 7 and thus the normal water outlet velocity in the openings 10 and 12 is about 5 m / s.
  • the water flowing out through slots 12 has a centrifugal acceleration of 25 m / s 2 , which is significantly higher than the gravitational acceleration, thus producing a closed, thin film of water adhering to the wall can be.
  • the speeds of more than 3 m / s should be made of materials resistant to erosion, such as cast iron or ceramics, or coated with suitable material by means of metal parts by means of build-up welding.
  • Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the water distribution system according to the invention.
  • the free falling water curtain 7 is generated similarly as in Fig. 3 -6 and the wall film as in Fig. 5 ,
  • the partition wall consists of two concentric surfaces 16 and 17 and the water supply for the production of the film 16 and the water curtain films 7 takes place through the gap.
  • This solution is special favorable when the water from the slag bath within the pressure vessel with suitable pumping means, eg injectors, is conveyed to the openings 10 and 12.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wasserverteilsystem und ein Wasserverteilungsverfahren für einen Vergasungsreaktor zur Durchführung eines schlackebildenden Flugstromverfahrens, bei der das entstehende Synthesegas während der Vergasungsreaktion abwärts strömt. Bei derartigen Verfahren wird heißes Gas von 1200 bis 2000 °C erzeugt, welches geschmolzene und klebrige Aschepartikel und kondensierende oder desublimierende Stoffe enthält, wie z.B. Natrium, Kalium, Blei und Zink. Diese Partikel können an gekühlten Wänden Ablagerungen bilden und Betriebsstörungen verursachen.The invention relates to a water distribution system and a water distribution method for a gasification reactor for carrying out a slag-forming air flow method in which the resulting synthesis gas flows downward during the gasification reaction. In such processes, hot gas is generated from 1200 to 2000 ° C containing molten and sticky ash particles and condensing or desubliming substances, such as e.g. Sodium, potassium, lead and zinc. These particles can form deposits on cooled walls and cause malfunctions.

Um das zu verhindern, wird häufig das heiße Gas durch Vermischung mit Wasser abgekühlt, d.h. gequencht, wobei die Aschepartikel schnell erstarren. Die feinen Flugaschepartikel weisen jedoch ähnliche Eigenschaften wie Zement auf und können mit Wasser betonartige Ablagerungen bilden. Damit das nicht passiert, sollen alle Wände des Quenchraumes kontinuierlich entweder heiß und trocken oder mit einem Wasserfilm bedeckt werden.To prevent this, the hot gas is often cooled by mixing with water, i. quenched, the ash particles quickly solidify. However, the fine fly ash particles have similar properties to cement and can form concrete-like deposits with water. So that does not happen, all the walls of the quenching room should be continuously either hot and dry or covered with a film of water.

Nach bekanntem Stand der Technik, wie er beispielsweise in der WO 2009/036985 A1 beschrieben wird, weist ein derartiger Vergasungsreaktor daher einen ersten, oben im Reaktor angeordneten Reaktionsraum auf, in dessen oberen Bereich eine Zuführvorrichtung für Einsatzstoffe angeordnet ist und dessen Seitenwände mit Rohren mit Innenkühlung als Membranwand oder Rohrschlangen ausgestattet sind, an denen flüssige Schlacke frei ablaufen kann, ohne dass die Oberfläche dieser Schlacke dabei erstarrt, und an dessen Unterseite eine Öffnung mit einer Abtropfkante vorgesehen wird. Weiterhin einen sich unten an die Öffnung anschließenden zweiten Raum, in dem das Synthesegas trocken gehalten und durch Strahlungskühlung abgekühlt wird und bei dem ein Wasserverteilsystem zur Erzeugung eines trichterförmigen Wasserschleiers vorgesehen wird, wobei sich unten an den zweiten Raum ein dritter Raum anschließt und unten oder seitlich des dritten Raums eine Abzugsvorrichtung für Synthesegas aus dem Reaktor vorgesehen ist. US 2009/0047193 A1 beschreibt ein Wasserverteilsystem für einen Flugstromvergaser, wobei ein Wasserfilm entlang einer Ablenkvorrichtung (302) in den Gasstrom (110) geleitet wird, welcher einen Strahlungskühler verlässt.According to known prior art, as shown for example in the WO 2009/036985 A1 Therefore, such a gasification reactor, a first, arranged in the top of the reactor reaction space, in the upper part of a supply device for feedstock is arranged and the side walls are equipped with tubes with internal cooling as a membrane wall or coils, where liquid slag can run freely, without the surface of this slag solidifies, and on the underside of an opening with a drip edge is provided. Furthermore, a subsequent at the bottom of the second opening space in which the synthesis gas is kept dry and cooled by radiation cooling and in which a water distribution system is provided to produce a funnel-shaped water curtain, wherein the bottom of the second room is followed by a third room and below or side the third space is provided a discharge device for synthesis gas from the reactor. US 2009/0047193 A1 describes a water distribution system for an entrained flow gasifier wherein a film of water is directed along a deflector (302) into the gas stream (110) exiting a radiant cooler.

Um eine Rückströmung des erzeugten Synthesegases zu verhindern, soll der Wasserschleier keine Lücken im Randbereich aufweisen. Er soll aber auch nicht so stark kühlen, dass der Schlackeaustritt verstopft. Außerdem soll der Wasserschleier gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt und dabei möglichst fein und dünn sein. Ferner soll der erzeugte, zu quenchende Gasstrahl zentriert werden, damit das heiße Gas nach dem Zerfall des Wasserschleiers im zentralen Bereich des Querschnitts möglichst effektiv gequencht werden kann.In order to prevent a backflow of the generated synthesis gas, the water curtain should have no gaps in the edge region. But he should also not cool so much that the slag outlet clogged. In addition, the water curtain should be evenly distributed over the circumference and thereby be as fine and thin. Furthermore, the generated, to be quenched gas jet should be centered so that the hot gas can be quenched as effectively as possible after the disintegration of the water curtain in the central region of the cross section.

Sehr vorteilhaft wäre es auch, wenn für die Erzeugung des Wasserschleiers rückgeführtes Wasser eingesetzt werden könnte, wobei das bei der Vergasung zur Abkühlung der Asche verwendete Schlackewasser zum Teil scharfkantige Partikel enthält. Um starke Erosion zu vermeiden, müssen in Rohrleitungen, Verteilern und Düsen geringe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, z.B. etwa 2 m/s eingehalten werden, allerdings werden bei zu niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten, typisch unterhalb 0,5 m/s, Ablagerungen gebildet.It would also be very advantageous if recycled water could be used for the production of the water fog, wherein the slag water used in the gasification for cooling the ash contains partly sharp-edged particles. In order to avoid heavy erosion, low flow rates in piping, manifolds and nozzles, e.g. 2 m / s are maintained, but at too low speeds, typically below 0.5 m / s, deposits are formed.

Ein großes Problem stellen auch die Anforderungen an die Betriebssicherheit der Einrichtungen dar, mit denen ein derartiger Wasserschleier erzeugt werden soll. Dies betrifft vor allem den Ringverteiler, aber auch die in der WO 2009/036985 A1 beschriebene Rampe. Sofern rückgeführtes Wasser verwendet werden soll, besteht das Problem der dauerhaften Reinhaltung der Wasseraustrittsöffnungen, aus denen das Wasser auf die Rampe gleichmäßig verteilt werden soll, seien es nun Schlitze oder Bohrungen oder Düsen, sowie das der dauerhaften Freihaltung der Rampe von Ablagerungen selbst. Hierbei ist auch zu berücksichtigen, dass diese genannten Anlagenteile nur schwer zugänglich sind.A major problem is also the requirements for the reliability of the facilities with which such a water curtain is to be generated. This concerns above all the ring distributor, but also in the WO 2009/036985 A1 described ramp. If recycled water is to be used, there is the problem of permanent cleanliness of the water outlet openings from which the water is to be evenly distributed on the ramp, be it slots or holes or nozzles, as well as the permanent freedom of the ramp of deposits themselves It should also be borne in mind that these parts of the plant are difficult to access.

Für die Zuleitung einer Flüssigkeit zu mehreren Düsen werden meistens gewöhnliche Rohrleitungen oder Ringverteiler mit konstantem Querschnitt verwendet. Die US 4,474,584 beschreibt ein Wasserquenchsystem, das mehrere Wasserverteiler beinhaltet, die eine Reihe von Austrittsdüsen enthalten. Die beispielhaften Abbildungen zeigen umlaufende Kanäle, die entweder einen quadratischen oder einen runden Querschnitt mit konstanter Querschnittsfläche aufweisen.For the supply of a liquid to several nozzles usually ordinary piping or ring distributor with constant cross section are used. The US 4,474,584 describes a water quench system that includes a plurality of water manifolds containing a series of exit nozzles. The exemplary figures show circumferential channels having either a square or a circular cross-section with a constant cross-sectional area.

In derartigen Verteilern sinkt nach jeder Düse die Geschwindigkeit, wodurch der statische Druck ansteigt, so dass der Durchsatz der Flüssigkeit durch die Düsen variiert. Bei einem üblichen Verteiler führt das jedoch zu starker Ungleichmäßigkeit der Wasserverteilung. Eine annähernd ausgeglichene Wasserverteilung über den Umfang kann zwar durch Erhöhung der Geschwindigkeit in den Düsen erreicht werden, so dass der Druckverlust in Düsen deutlich höher als der dynamische Druck des Wassers im Verteiler ist. Mit erhöhter Geschwindigkeit würde sich jedoch die Erosion des Wandmaterials beim Einsatz in einem Flugstromvergasungsreaktor über das erträgliche Maß hinaus erhöhen.In such manifolds, after each nozzle, the velocity decreases causing the static pressure to increase, so that the flow rate of the liquid through the nozzles varies. In a conventional distributor, however, this leads to excessive unevenness of the water distribution. Although an approximately balanced water distribution over the circumference can be achieved by increasing the speed in the nozzles, so that the pressure loss in nozzles is significantly higher than the dynamic pressure of the water in the manifold. However, with increased speed, the erosion of the wall material would increase beyond the tolerable level when used in an entrainment gasification reactor.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein verbessertes Wasserverteilsystem und ein verbessertes Wasserverteilungsverfahren für einen Vergasungsreaktor zur Durchführung eines schlackebildenden Flugstromverfahrens zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches die oben beschriebenen Nachteile nicht mehr aufweist und möglichst ökonomisch zu installieren und zu betreiben ist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved water distribution system and an improved water distribution method for a gasification reactor for carrying out a slag-forming flight flow method, which no longer has the disadvantages described above and is as economical as possible to install and operate.

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe mittels eines Wasserverteilsystems für einen Vergasungsreaktor zur Durchführung eines schlackebildenden Flugstromverfahrens, bei dem das entstehende Synthesegas während der Vergasungsreaktion abwärts strömt, der Vergasungsreaktor aufweisend

  • einen ersten, oben im Reaktor angeordneten Reaktionsraum, in dessen oberen Bereich eine Zuführvorrichtung für Einsatzstoffe angeordnet ist, und dessen Seitenwände mit Rohren mit Innenkühlung als Membranwand oder Rohrschlangen ausgestattet sind, an denen flüssige Schlacke frei ablaufen kann, ohne dass die Oberfläche dieser Schlacke dabei erstarrt, und an dessen Unterseite eine Öffnung mit einer Abtropfkante vorgesehen wird,
  • wobei sich unten an die Öffnung ein zweiter Raum anschließt, in dem das Synthesegas trocken gehalten und durch Strahlungskühlung abgekühlt wird, und ein Wasserverteilsystem zur Erzeugung eines trichterförmigen Wasserschleiers vorgesehen wird,
  • wobei sich unten an den zweiten Raum ein dritter Raum anschließt und unten oder seitlich des dritten Raums eine Abzugsvorrichtung für Synthesegas aus dem Reaktor vorgesehen ist, indem zur Bildung des Wasserschleiers als Wasserverteilsystem ein konzentrischer Ringverteiler in Verbindung mit einer achsensymmetrischen, im Querschnitt konkav gekrümmten Umlenkfläche vorgesehen werden, wobei
  • der Ringverteiler mindestens einen Wasserzulauf aufweist,
  • der Ringverteiler Öffnungen aufweist, die für einen strahlförmigen Wasseraustritt geeignet ausgeführt sind,
  • die Strahlrichtung der Öffnungen auf die Innenseite der konkav gekrümmten Umlenkfläche weist,
  • in Strahlrichtung der Öffnungen die flächige Ausrichtung der konkav gekrümmten Fläche so ausgeprägt ist, dass die Strahlrichtung und die Tangentenebene der Querschnittsfläche am Auftreffpunkt des Strahls im spitzen Winkel zwischen 0 und 45 Grad zueinander ausgerichtet sind, und
  • die Umlenkfläche im Querschnitt soweit gekrümmt ist, dass sie einen Umlenkwinkel von mehr als 60 Grad aufweist.
The invention solves the problem by means of a water distribution system for a gasification reactor for carrying out a slag-forming air flow process in which the resulting synthesis gas flows downwards during the gasification reaction, comprising the gasification reactor
  • a first, arranged in the top of the reactor reaction space, in the upper part of a feeder for feedstocks is arranged, and the side walls are equipped with tubes with internal cooling as membrane wall or coils where liquid slag can run freely, without the surface of this slag solidifies , and on the underside of which an opening with a drip edge is provided,
  • a second space adjoins the opening at the bottom, in which the synthesis gas is kept dry and cooled by radiation cooling, and a water distribution system is provided for producing a funnel-shaped water curtain,
  • wherein a third space adjoins the second space at the bottom and at the bottom or the side of the third space a withdrawal device for synthesis gas is provided from the reactor by provided to form the water curtain as a water distribution system a concentric ring manifold in conjunction with an axisymmetric, in cross-section concavely curved deflection be, where
  • the ring distributor has at least one water inlet,
  • the ring distributor has openings which are designed to be suitable for a jet-shaped water outlet,
  • the jet direction of the openings points to the inside of the concavely curved deflection surface,
  • in the beam direction of the openings, the planar alignment of the concave curved surface is so pronounced that the beam direction and the tangent plane of the cross-sectional area are aligned at the point of impact of the beam at an acute angle between 0 and 45 degrees to each other, and
  • the deflection in the cross section is curved so far that it has a deflection angle of more than 60 degrees.

In Ausgestaltungen des Wasserverteilsystems wird vorgesehen, dass die Öffnungen als nach oben gerichtete Düsen ausgeführt werden. Die Öffnungen können auch eine tangentiale Neigung in Richtung des Reaktorumfangs oder auch eine Neigung zur Mittelachse des Reaktors hin aufweisen. Je nach Ausführung der Düsen kann auch der Impuls der Strömung im Ringverteiler dazu genutzt werden, dass die Wasserstrahlen aus den Öffnungen mit einer seitlichen Komponente und nicht nur vertikal aus den Öffnungen hin zur Umlenkfläche geführt werden.In embodiments of the water distribution system it is provided that the openings are designed as upwardly directed nozzles. The openings may also have a tangential inclination in the direction of the circumference of the reactor or also an inclination towards the central axis of the reactor. Depending on the design of the nozzles and the pulse of the flow in the ring manifold can be used to that of the water jets the openings are guided with a lateral component and not only vertically from the openings to the deflection.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Wasserverteilsystems wird vorgesehen, dass der Ringverteiler mit unterschiedlichen Strömungsquerschnitten ausgeführt wird, die sich vom Zulauf des Ringverteilers aus zu jeder der Öffnungen verjüngen. Hierbei ist darauf zu achten, dass eine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von möglichst ca. 2 m/s eingehalten wird. Sofern Schlackewasser oder sonstiges, partikelbeladenes Rückführwasser für den Wasserschleier zum Einsatz gebracht werden soll, muss die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in jedem Fall aber mehr als 0,5 m/s betragen, damit sich keine Partikel absetzen können. Dabei soll eine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von 3 m/s wegen der Erosionsgefahr nicht überschritten werden. Die Stärke des erzeugten Wasserschleiers soll zwischen 1 und 10 mm betragen. Die Strömungsquerschnitte des Ringverteilers sind durch den Fachmann dementsprechend auszulegen.In a further embodiment of the water distribution system, it is provided that the annular distributor is designed with different flow cross sections, which taper from the inlet of the ring distributor to each of the openings. It is important to ensure that a flow rate of approximately 2 m / s is maintained. However, if slag water or other particle-laden return water for the water curtain is to be used, the flow rate must in any case be more than 0.5 m / s, so that no particles can settle. In this case, a flow rate of 3 m / s should not be exceeded because of the risk of erosion. The strength of the generated water curtain should be between 1 and 10 mm. The flow cross sections of the ring distributor are interpreted accordingly by the person skilled in the art.

In weiteren Ausgestaltungen des Wasserverteilsystems wird vorgesehen, dass der Krümmungsradius der Umlenkfläche weniger als 0,3 Meter beträgt. Umlenkflächen solcher Art kann man beispielsweise in ökonomischer Weise gewinnen aus längsseitig offenen, gebogenen Rohren. Die erfindungsgemäße konkave Umlenkfläche lässt sich problemlos aus abschnittsweise aneinander gehefteten oder ineinander geschobenen Abschnitten zusammensetzen, um die Wartung zu erleichtern.In further embodiments of the water distribution system it is provided that the radius of curvature of the deflection surface is less than 0.3 meters. Deflection surfaces of this type can be obtained, for example, in an economical manner from longitudinally open, curved tubes. The concave deflection surface according to the invention can be composed without difficulty of sectionally juxtaposed or nested sections to facilitate maintenance.

In weiteren Ausgestaltungen des Wasserverteilsystems wird vorgesehen, dass sich an die Krümmung der Umlenkfläche ein gerader Abschnitt anschließt. Konstruktiv lässt sich dies erreichen, indem das Segment für den Austritt des Wasserschleiers nicht herausgenommen, sondern nach dem längsseitigen Aufschneiden nach oben herausgebogen und begradigt wird, wodurch sich ein Baseballkappen-artiger Querschnitt für die konkave Umlenkfläche ergibt.In further embodiments of the water distribution system, it is provided that a straight section adjoins the curvature of the deflection surface. In terms of design, this can be achieved by not removing the segment for the outlet of the water curtain, but after the longitudinal cutting upwards bent out and straightened, resulting in a baseball cap-like cross-section for the concave deflection.

Der erfindungsgemäße Ringverteiler neigt auf seiner Außenseite ebenso wie die gekühlten Wandungen des Quenchraums dazu, dass Anbackungen von feinen Partikeln aus dem partikelbeladenen Gas wachsen. Daher werden solche gekühlten Wandungen üblicherweise mit einem Wasserfilm versehen. Das Wasserverteilungssystem kann durch weitere Ausgestaltung des Ringverteilers auch so modifiziert werden, dass die Erzeugung der für die Quenchraumwandungen und der Außenwand des Ringverteilers selbst erforderlichen Wasserfilme gleichermaßen erfolgt. Hierbei werden weitere seitliche Öffnungen und ihnen gegenüberliegende Umlenkflächen vorgesehen, die einen Wasserfilm erzeugen, der an der Außenwandung des Ringverteilers und weiter an der Wandung des Quenchraums anhaftet und daran herabläuft.The annular distributor according to the invention, on the outside thereof, as well as the cooled walls of the quenching space, tend to cause caking of fine particles from the particle-laden gas. Therefore, such cooled walls are usually provided with a water film. The water distribution system can also be modified by further embodiment of the ring manifold so that the production of the water films required for the Quenchraumwandungen and the outer wall of the ring manifold itself is alike. In this case, further lateral openings and opposite deflection surfaces are provided which form a water film generate, which adheres to the outer wall of the ring manifold and further to the wall of the quench and runs down it.

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe auch mit einem Verfahren zur Wasserverteilung mittels eines Wasserverteilsystems nach Anspruch 1 in einem Vergasungsreaktor bei der Durchführung eines schlackebildenden Flugstromverfahrens, bei dem das entstehende Synthesegas während der Vergasungsreaktion abwärts strömt, und bei dem ein trichterförmiger, am Rand geschlossener, Wasserschleier erzeugt wird, indem

  • das Wasser unter Druck in einen Ringverteiler geleitet wird, den es mit mindestens 0,5 m/s durchströmt, bis es durch Öffnungen aus dem Ringverteiler austritt
  • beim Austritt aus den Öffnungen jeweils einen Wasserstrahl bildet, der auf eine Umlenkfläche trifft,
  • jeder der Wasserstrahlen beim Gleiten entlang der Umlenkfläche aufgefächert wird und sich mit dem Wasserstrahl der jeweils benachbarten Öffnung zu einem geschlossenen Wasserfilm verbindet,
  • dieser geschlossene Wasserfilm nach Verlassen der Umlenkfläche in Abwärtsrichtung in den Innenraum des Reaktors geleitet wird.
The invention also achieves the object with a method for distributing water by means of a water distribution system according to claim 1 in a gasification reactor in carrying out a slag-forming entrained flow process in which the resulting synthesis gas flows downward during the gasification reaction, and in which a funnel-shaped, closed at the edge, water fog generated is by
  • The water is passed under pressure into a ring manifold, which flows through it with at least 0.5 m / s until it emerges through openings in the ring manifold
  • forms at the exit from the openings in each case a water jet, which strikes a deflection surface,
  • each of the water jets is fanned out as it slides along the deflection surface and connects to the water jet of the respectively adjacent opening to form a closed water film,
  • this closed water film is passed after leaving the deflection in the downward direction in the interior of the reactor.

Bei der Gestaltung der Geometrie des Wasserschleiers hat der Fachmann abzuwägen, welche geometrische Form für den jeweiligen Zweck zu wählen ist. Soll der Wasserschleier in der Mitte des zentralen Kanals zusammenlaufen, so dass der Wasserschleier überwiegend im zentralen Bereich zerfällt, ist das Wasser ohne Drall vertikal gegen die Umlenkfläche zu richten. Soll sich der fallende Wasserschleier aber zunächst in der Mitte zusammenziehen, dann während des weiteren Falls aber wieder aufweiten und ist auch eine gleichmäßigere radiale Verteilung der Tropfen gewünscht, um die Randbereiche des Reaktors im unteren Abschnitt des Wasserschleiers zu benetzen, dann ist dem Wasserschleier eine entsprechende Rotation um die Reaktorachse aufzuprägen. In einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird daher vorgesehen, dass die Wasserstrahlen so in Umfangsrichtung des Reaktors geneigt auf die Umlenkfläche geleitet werden, dass der geschlossene Wasserfilm eine Rotation um die Reaktorachse ausführt.When designing the geometry of the water curtain, the person skilled in the art has to weigh up which geometric shape is to be selected for the respective purpose. If the water curtain in the middle of the central channel converge, so that the water curtain mainly decays in the central region, the water is to be directed vertically against the deflection without twist. However, if the falling water curtain is to contract first in the middle, then widen again during the further case, and if a more even radial distribution of the drops is desired to wet the edge regions of the reactor in the lower part of the water curtain, then the water curtain is a corresponding one Impose rotation around the reactor axis. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention is therefore provided that the water jets are directed in the circumferential direction of the reactor inclined to the deflection that the closed water film performs a rotation about the reactor axis.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird vorgesehen, dass über seitliche Öffnungen und ihnen gegenüberliegende Umlenkflächen mindestens ein weiterer Wasserfilm erzeugt wird, der an gekühlten Wandungen des Ringverteilers oder des Quenchraums, die erzeugtem Gas ausgesetzt sind, anhaftet.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, provision is made for at least one further water film to be produced via lateral openings and deflecting surfaces lying opposite them, which adheres to cooled walls of the annular distributor or of the quench space which are exposed to generated gas.

In weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird vorgesehen, dass als Wasser das feststoffbeladene Wasser aus dem Schlackebad des Vergasungsreaktor oder das Wasser aus einem dem Schlackebad des Vergasungsreaktors nachgeschalteten Wasserkreislauf verwendet wird. Vor der Verwendung ist lediglich eine Grobabscheidung größerer Schlackepartikel erforderlich, etwa in einem Hydrozyklon.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the solids-laden water from the slag bath of the gasification reactor or the water from a water cycle downstream of the slag bath of the gasification reactor is used as water. Prior to use, only a coarse separation of larger slag particles is required, such as in a hydrocyclone.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend beispielhaft anhand von 6 Skizzen dargestellt. Hierbei zeigen:

Fig. 1 :
einen Querschnitt eines Wasserverteilsystems zur Erzeugung eines Wasserschleiers mit einem Spalt und einer gekrümmten Fläche zur Vergleichmäßigung des flachen Stahls,
Fig. 2:
eine Draufsicht auf die Lage des Wasserverteilsystems im Vergasungsreaktor,
Fig. 3:
einen perspektivischen Ausschnitt aus einem Ringverteiler mit Umlenkfläche,
Fig. 4:
eine vorteilhafte Geometrie einer Umlenkfläche 11,
Fig. 5:
eine Ausführungsform des Ringverteilers 3 mit Düsen als Öffnungen 10 und einer Vorrichtung zu Erzeugung eines weiteren Wasserfilms,
Fig. 6:
eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserverteilsystems,
Fig. 7
eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserverteilsystems.
The invention is illustrated below by way of example with reference to 6 sketches. Hereby show:
Fig. 1:
a cross section of a water distribution system for producing a water curtain with a gap and a curved surface to equalize the flat steel,
Fig. 2:
a top view of the location of the water distribution system in the gasification reactor,
3:
a perspective section of a ring manifold with deflection,
4:
an advantageous geometry of a deflection surface 11,
Fig. 5:
an embodiment of the ring manifold 3 with nozzles as openings 10 and a device for producing a further water film,
Fig. 6:
a further embodiment of the water distribution system according to the invention,
Fig. 7
a further embodiment of the water distribution system according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt der Vorrichtung für die Erzeugung des frei fallenden, trichterförmigen und am Rande geschlossenen Wasserschleiers mit einem Spalt nach dem herkömmlichen Stand der Technik erweitert um eine gekrümmte Fläche für Vergleichmäßigung des flachen Stahls. Die Vorrichtung befindet sich hierbei hinter einer gekühlten Wand 2, die z.B. aus Verdampferrohren besteht. Das heiße, aus einem Vergaser ausströmende Gas hat eine Temperatur im Bereich von 1000 - 2000°C und enthält Flugasche und geschmolzene Schlackepartikel. Grobe Schlacke fällt ebenfalls im zentralen Bereich des üblicherweise zylindrischen Kanals 1, dessen Durchmesser im Bereich von 0,6 - 3 m liegt, an. Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of the device for the production of the free-falling, funnel-shaped and marginally closed water curtain with a gap according to the conventional art extended around a curved surface for equalization of the flat steel. The device is in this case behind a cooled wall 2, which consists for example of evaporator tubes. The hot gas emanating from a gasifier has a temperature in the range of 1000-2000 ° C and contains fly ash and molten slag particles. Coarse slag also falls in the central region of the usually cylindrical channel 1, whose diameter is in the range of 0.6 - 3 m at.

Das Quenchwasser wird an einer oder an mehreren Stellen in den umlaufenden Kanal 4 des Verteilers 3 eingespeist, der aus dem rechtwinkligen oberen Teil und einem abgeschrägten Boden besteht. Der Kanal hat eine konstante Breite über den Umfang, aber seine Höhe variiert so, dass auf dem gesamten Umfang eine konstante Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Inneren herrscht. Variiert wird nur ein Teil des Querschnitts, als Höhe H1 gezeichnet, dagegen hat der übrige Teil des Querschnitts eine ähnliche Funktion wie ein Schwungrad, um Auswirkungen von Störungen im Eintrittsbereich und von Abweichungen der Konstruktion von der rechnerisch idealen Form auszugleichen.The quench water is fed at one or more points into the circulating channel 4 of the distributor 3, which consists of the rectangular upper part and a chamfered bottom. The channel has a constant width over the circumference, but its height varies so that there is a constant flow velocity in the interior over the entire circumference. Only part of the cross-section is varied, drawn as height H1, but the remainder of the cross-section has a function similar to that of a flywheel to compensate for the effects of disturbances in the entrance area and deviations of the construction from the computationally ideal shape.

Das Wasser verlässt den Verteiler durch den Austrittsspalt 5 und wird danach auf der als konkave Fläche ausgeführten Umlenkung 6 umgelenkt. Falls kleine Abschnitte des Querschnitts des Austrittsspalts 5 verstopft sind, weist der ausströmende Wasserstrahl Lücken auf. Auf der gekrümmten Fläche wird das Wasser jedoch so kräftig gegen die konkave Fläche gedrückt, dass die Lücken geschlossen werden. Aus dem Wasserfilm der als Rampe ausgeführten Umlenkung 6 entsteht ein zuerst geschlossener Wasserschleier 7, der frei fällt, und erst in der Folge der Vermischung mit dem heißen Gas 1 zerfällt. Der geschlossene Wasserschleier verhindert eine Aufwärtsströmung des gekühlten, wassertropfenhaltigen Gases in den Vergaseraustrittsbereich, wodurch Störungen des Schlackeablaufs verhindert werden.The water leaves the distributor through the outlet gap 5 and is then deflected on the deflector 6 designed as a concave surface. If small portions of the cross section of the outlet gap 5 are clogged, the outflowing water jet has gaps. On the curved surface, however, the water is forced so strongly against the concave surface that the gaps are closed. From the water film of the deflection 6, which is designed as a ramp, a water curtain 7, which is closed at first, emerges, which falls freely, and only decays as a result of the mixing with the hot gas 1. The closed water curtain prevents upward flow of the cooled, water-drop containing gas into the carburetor exit area, thereby preventing slag flow disturbances.

Der Nachteil bei dieser Art der Erzeugung eines Wasserschleiers ist, dass das Quenchwasser Feststoffe enthält, die einen ein 1 - 10 mm großen Spalt immer stärker verstopfen können, wodurch der erzeugte Schleier trotz der Krümmung Lücken aufweisen würde, zumindest wenn der Schleier meistens nur wenige Millimeter dick sein soll. Praktisch bedeutet dies, dass der Wasserschleier aus Gründen der Betriebssicherheit stärker als verfahrenstechnisch erforderlich ausgeführt werden müsste, oder dass das einzusetzende Wasser zuvor aufwändig von Partikeln zu reinigen wäre, wenn nicht sogar die Verwendung von Frischwasser erforderlich werden würde. Dieser Nachteil kann jedoch dadurch vermieden werden, dass anstatt eines schmalen umlaufenden Spaltes mehrere breitere auf dem Umfang verteilte Öffnungen vorgesehen sind, wobei die ausströmenden Strahlen auf der konkaven Umlenkung 6 durch die Zentrifugalkraft flach gedrückt werden und einen geschlossenen Film bilden.The drawback of this type of water fog generation is that the quench water contains solids that can clog a 1-10 mm gap more and more, leaving the generated fog in spite of the curvature, at least when the fog is usually only a few millimeters should be thick. In practical terms, this means that the water curtain would have to be made stronger than procedurally required for reasons of operational reliability, or that the water to be used would have to be thoroughly cleaned of particles beforehand, even if the use of fresh water were not required. However, this disadvantage can be avoided by providing, instead of a narrow circumferential gap, a plurality of wider circumferentially distributed apertures, the outflowing beams on the concave deflector 6 being flattened by the centrifugal force and forming a closed film.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die Lage des Wasserverteilsystems im Vergasungsreaktor, mit dem Druckbehälter 8, den Zuleitungen 9 des Wassers in den Ringverteiler 3 und den zentralen zylindrischen Kanal mit heißem Gas 1. Die Wasserzuführung über nur eine Zuleitung wäre auch möglich. Der Ringverteiler müsste dann einen entsprechend größeren Durchmesser haben. Eine größere Zuleitung ist zwar preiswerter als mehrere kleinere, aber sie ist auch steifer, was zu thermischen Dehnungsdifferenzen zwischen dem Verteiler 3 und dem Druckbehälter 8 führen kann. Bei der Anzahl der Zuführungen ist vom Fachmann jeweils ein Optimum zu finden. Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the position of the water distribution system in the gasification reactor, with the pressure vessel 8, the supply lines 9 of the water in the ring manifold 3 and the central cylindrical channel with hot gas 1. The water supply via only one supply line would also be possible. The ring distributor would then have a correspondingly larger diameter. Although a larger supply line is cheaper than several smaller, but it is also stiffer, which can lead to thermal expansion differences between the manifold 3 and the pressure vessel 8. In terms of the number of feeders, an optimum can be found by the person skilled in the art.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen perspektivischen Ausschnitt aus einem Ringverteiler 3 mit der Umlenkfläche 11. Die erfindungsgemäße Erzeugung des Wasserschleiers 7 erfolgt mittels deutlich größerer Öffnungen 10, die nicht verstopft werden können, und mit einer Umlenkfläche 11, auf die die ausströmenden Wasserstrahlen durch Zentrifugalkräfte flach gedrückt werden und beim Austritt einen flachen Wasserschleier 7 bilden. Fig. 3 shows a perspective section of a ring manifold 3 with the deflection 11. The inventive production of the water curtain 7 is carried out by means of much larger openings 10, which can not be clogged, and with a Deflection surface 11, on which the outflowing water jets are pressed flat by centrifugal forces and form a flat water curtain 7 at the exit.

Damit an allen Öffnungen die gleiche Quergeschwindigkeit in der Anströmung herrscht, ist eine weitgehend konstante Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Wasserströmung im Ringverteiler 3 erforderlich, was durch Variation des Querschnitts erreicht werden kann, im vorliegenden Beispiel geschieht dies durch Variation der Höhe, andere Variationsmöglichkeiten können aber ebenso genutzt werden. Der Zulauf des Wassers erfolgt auf der Querfläche neben der Beschriftung H1. H1 stellt dabei den variablen Teil der Höhe dar, dagegen H2 den konstanten Teil der Gesamthöhe, die sich additiv aus H1 und H2 zusammensetzt. Die Öffnungen können, wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt, als runde Bohrungen, aber auch als rechteckige Schlitze oder als gerade bzw. gebogene Düsen ausgeführt werden.Thus, the same transverse velocity prevails in the flow at all openings, a substantially constant speed of circulation of the water flow in the ring manifold 3 is required, which can be achieved by varying the cross section, in the present example, this is done by varying the height, but other variations can also be used , The inflow of water takes place on the transverse surface next to the inscription H1. H1 represents the variable part of the height, whereas H2 represents the constant part of the total height, which is composed of H1 and H2. The openings can, as in Fig. 3 shown as round holes, but also as rectangular slots or as straight or curved nozzles are executed.

Soll der Wasserschleier in Umfangsrichtung verdrallt werden, kann der Impuls der Umlaufströmung im Ringverteiler 3 hierzu genutzt werden. Es ist dabei ausreichend, die Öffnungen 10 so zu gestalten, dass die Umfangskomponente des Impulses beim Austritt des Wassers durch die Öffnungen 10 nicht zerstört wird. Wenn die obere Wand des Ringverteilers 3 deutlich dünner als die Länge der Öffnung in Umfangsrichtung ist, können die Öffnungen senkrecht zu der Wand gefertigt werden. Bei einer dickeren Wand sollen die Öffnungen schräg gefertigt werden, wobei der günstige Winkel sich aus der normalgerichteten und der tangential-gerichteten Geschwindigkeitskomponenten durch Vektoraddition ergibt.If the water curtain is twisted in the circumferential direction, the pulse of the circulating flow in the ring manifold 3 can be used for this purpose. It is sufficient to make the openings 10 so that the peripheral component of the pulse is not destroyed when the water exits through the openings 10. If the upper wall of the ring manifold 3 is significantly thinner than the length of the opening in the circumferential direction, the openings can be made perpendicular to the wall. For a thicker wall, the openings should be made obliquely, with the favorable angle resulting from the normal and tangential velocity components by vector addition.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine vorteilhafte Geometrie einer Umlenkfläche 11. Die Umlenkfläche soll im Wesentlichen eine kreisförmige oder elliptische Form aufweisen und einen Umlenkwinkel BETA umfassen. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass die Radien R1 und R2 in einem weiten Bereich variiert werden können. Am Ende des gekrümmten Teils der Umlenkfläche ist ein im Längsschnitt gerader Abschnitt B vorgesehen, d.h. ein Konusabschnitt bei 3-dimensionaler Betrachtung, damit keine Zentrifugalkräfte an der Abrisskante auf das Wasser wirken und die Richtung des Strahls verändern. Nur ein kurzer "gerader" Abschnitt ist erforderlich. Bei einer Länge von 5 bis 10 Wasserfilmstärken, das sind 10 bis 20 mm bei einem 2 mm dicken Wasserfilm, der an der Umlenkfläche entlanggleitet, wird ein stabiler, gleichmäßiger Wasserschleier erzeugt. Fig. 4 shows an advantageous geometry of a deflection surface 11. The deflection surface should have a substantially circular or elliptical shape and include a deflection angle BETA. Experiments have shown that the radii R1 and R2 can be varied within a wide range. At the end of the curved part of the deflection surface, there is provided a section B which is straight in longitudinal section, ie a cone section in 3-dimensional view, so that no centrifugal forces act on the water at the trailing edge and change the direction of the jet. Only a short "straight" section is required. With a length of 5 to 10 water film thicknesses, that is 10 to 20 mm with a 2 mm thick film of water, which slides along the deflection surface, a stable, uniform water fog is generated.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Ausführungsform des Ringverteilers 3 mit Düsen als Öffnungen 10. Die Ausströmung des Wassers aus dem Ringverteiler 3 erfolgt hierbei mit Düsen, die in die tangentiale Richtung geneigt sind. Die Umlenkfläche 11 kann dabei zuerst nach außen geneigt werden, um größere Umlaufwinkel zu erreichen und damit zu bewirken, dass der Weg, auf dem die Wasserstrahlen durch die Fliehkräfte flach gedrückt werden, verlängert wird. Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the ring manifold 3 with nozzles as openings 10. The outflow of water from the ring manifold 3 takes place here with nozzles which are inclined in the tangential direction. The deflection surface 11 may be first to the outside be tilted to achieve larger orbital angles and thus cause the path on which the water jets are pressed flat by the centrifugal forces, is extended.

Weiterhin zeigt Fig. 5 die Erzeugung eines Wasserfilms 15, der auf der dem Reaktorraum zugewandten Seite am Ringverteiler 3 herabläuft und ihn so vor Anbackungen schützt. In der zylindrischen Innenwand des Ringverteilers 3 sind daher Öffnungen 12 vorgesehen, durch die ein Teil des im Verteiler zirkulierenden Wassers in einen Spalt 14 einströmt, der z.B. durch die Innenwand des Ringverteilers und ein zylindrisches Blech 13 geformt ist, das am oberen Ende gekrümmt ist, damit die durch die Öffnungen 12 geformten Wasserstrahlen flach gedrückt werden und einen dünnen Film zuerst auf der Fläche 13 bilden. Die Öffnungen 12 können ähnliche Formen wie die Öffnungen 10 haben, also Bohrungen, Schlitze oder Düsen.Further shows Fig. 5 the generation of a water film 15, which runs down on the side facing the reactor chamber on the ring manifold 3 and thus protects it from caking. In the cylindrical inner wall of the ring manifold 3 therefore openings 12 are provided, through which flows a part of the water circulating in the manifold in a gap 14 which is formed for example by the inner wall of the ring manifold and a cylindrical plate 13 which is curved at the upper end, so that the water jets formed through the openings 12 are pressed flat and form a thin film on the surface 13 first. The openings 12 may have similar shapes as the openings 10, so holes, slots or nozzles.

Die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit soll bei der Durchströmung erhalten bleiben, damit der auf der Fläche 13 gebildete Film noch innerhalb des Spaltes 14 durch die Zentrifugalkraft an die Wand 16 geschleudert wird. Die Breite des Spaltes 14 kann bei geringen Filmstärken größer sein als die des Wasserfilms. Die Umlenkfläche am oberen Ende des Blechs 13 soll einen sehr kleinen Radius, z.B. 30 mm, haben. Der Durchmesser der Öffnungen 12 und die Breite des Spaltes 14 können deutlich größer sein als die Dicke des erzeugten Wandfilms, so dass gröbere, z.B. 10 mm große Schlackekörner diese Vorrichtung mit dem Wasser ungehindert durchströmen können.The circulation speed should be maintained during the flow, so that the film formed on the surface 13 is still thrown within the gap 14 by the centrifugal force to the wall 16. The width of the gap 14 may be greater than that of the water film at low film thicknesses. The deflection surface at the upper end of the sheet 13 is intended to have a very small radius, e.g. 30 mm. The diameter of the openings 12 and the width of the gap 14 can be significantly greater than the thickness of the wall film produced, so that coarser, e.g. 10 mm large slag granules can flow through this device with the water unhindered.

Ein Auslegungsbeispiel für eine Ausführungsform entsprechend Fig. 5 soll die Funktionsweise weiter verdeutlichen: Ein trichterförmiger frei fallender Wasserschleier mit folgenden Anfangsparametern soll erzeugt werden:

  • Durchmesser 1 m,
  • Geschwindigkeit 1,5 - 2 m/s,
  • Stärke 2 mm.
Das Quenchwasser enthält Feststoffteile, die bis zu 5 mm groß sein können.An exemplary embodiment of an embodiment accordingly Fig. 5 should clarify the functionality: A funnel-shaped free-falling water curtain with the following initial parameters should be generated:
  • Diameter 1 m,
  • Speed 1.5 - 2 m / s,
  • Thickness 2 mm.
The quench water contains solid particles, which can be up to 5 mm in size.

Der Düseninnendurchmesser ist dann mit 10 mm zu wählen, um Verstopfungen ausschließen. Der Abstand der Düsen wird so gewählt, dass die geforderte Geschwindigkeit von 1,5 - 2 m/s in den Düsen herrscht. Die Düsen sollen daher 40 mm voneinander entfernt sein. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zeigen, dass ein flacher Wasserschleier bereits bei Zentrifugalkräften oberhalb von 10 m/s2 erzeugt werden kann, wenn die Düsen dicht nebeneinander untergebracht sind. Je kleiner der Radius, desto höher die Zentrifugalkräfte und desto größer der zulässige Abstand und der Innendurchmesser der Düsen. Bei einem Radius des Umlenkblechs von 30 mm wirkt auf das Wasser eine Zentrifugalbeschleunigung von 75 m/s2 bei 1,5 m/s und 133 m/s2 bei 2 m/s - das ist das 7 bis 13- fache der Erdbeschleunigung. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass ein gleichmäßiger und flacher Wasserschleier unter diesen Bedingungen erzeugt wird.The nozzle inside diameter is then to be selected with 10 mm to exclude blockages. The distance between the nozzles is selected so that the required speed of 1.5 - 2 m / s prevails in the nozzles. The nozzles should therefore be 40 mm apart. Experimental investigations show that a flat water curtain can already be produced with centrifugal forces above 10 m / s 2 , if the nozzles are placed close to each other. The smaller the radius, the higher the centrifugal forces and the larger the allowable distance and the inner diameter of the nozzles. With a radius of the baffle of 30 mm, the centrifugal acceleration of the water is 75 m / s 2 at 1.5 m / s and 133 m / s 2 at 2 m / s - that is 7 to 13 times the gravitational acceleration. Experiments have shown that a uniform and shallow water curtain is produced under these conditions.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserverteilsystems. Der frei fallende Wasserschleier 7 wird ähnlich erzeugt wie in Fig. 3 und 5. Der Wandfilm wird jedoch durch tangentiale Eindüsung des durch Öffnungen 12 strömenden Wassers auf die Fläche 16 erzeugt. Die Geschwindigkeit des Wassers in den Öffnungen 12 kann höher sein als die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit des Wassers im Verteiler 4, so dass die Wasserstrahlen gegen die Wand 16 gedrückt werden und einen flachen Film bilden. Um die Bildung eines homogenen Films zu begünstigen, kann zusätzlich ein kleiner, z.B. 10 mm breiter Durchmessersprung zwischen Flächen 16 und 17 vorgesehen werden, so dass zuerst eine rotierende, 10 mm dicke Wasserschicht gebildet wird, von dem aus ein dünnerer Wandfilm mit einer zuerst geringen vertikalen Geschwindigkeit an der Wand 17 gelingt. Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the water distribution system according to the invention. The free falling water curtain 7 is generated similarly as in Fig. 3 and 5 , However, the wall film is produced by tangential injection of the water flowing through openings 12 onto the surface 16. The speed of the water in the openings 12 may be higher than the speed of circulation of the water in the distributor 4, so that the water jets are pressed against the wall 16 and form a flat film. In order to favor the formation of a homogeneous film, a small, eg 10 mm wide diameter jump between surfaces 16 and 17 can be additionally provided, so that first a rotating, 10 mm thick water layer is formed, from which a thinner wall film with a first small vertical speed on the wall 17 succeeds.

Die Auslegung soll am folgenden Beispiel näher erläutert werden. Eine zylindrische Wand mit einem Durchmesser von 2 m soll mit einem dünnen Wasserfilm vor Ablagerungen geschützt werden, wobei die engsten Querschnitte mindestens 10 mm breit sollen, um Verstopfungen auszuschließen, und die erforderliche normale Anfangsgeschwindigkeit des frei fallenden Wasserschleiers 7 und damit auch die normale Wasseraustrittsgeschwindigkeit in den Öffnungen 10 und 12 etwa 5 m/s beträgt.The design will be explained in more detail in the following example. A cylindrical wall with a diameter of 2 m is to be protected with a thin film of water against deposits, the narrowest cross sections should be at least 10 mm wide to exclude blockages, and the required normal initial speed of the free falling water curtain 7 and thus the normal water outlet velocity in the openings 10 and 12 is about 5 m / s.

Bei einer tangentialen Geschwindigkeit von 5 m/s an der Fläche 16 wirkt auf das durch Schlitze 12 ausströmende Wasser eine Zentrifugalbeschleunigung von 25 m/s2, die deutlich höher als die Erdbeschleunigung ist, womit ein geschlossener, dünner und an der Wand haftender Wasserfilm erzeugt werden kann. Die Bereiche mit Geschwindigkeiten über 3 m/s sollen aus Materialien hergestellt werden, die gegen Erosion beständig sind, z.B. Gusseisen oder Keramik oder können durch metallische Teile mittels Auftragsschweißung mit geeignetem Material beschichtet werden.At a tangential velocity of 5 m / s at surface 16, the water flowing out through slots 12 has a centrifugal acceleration of 25 m / s 2 , which is significantly higher than the gravitational acceleration, thus producing a closed, thin film of water adhering to the wall can be. The speeds of more than 3 m / s should be made of materials resistant to erosion, such as cast iron or ceramics, or coated with suitable material by means of metal parts by means of build-up welding.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserverteilsystems. Der frei fallende Wasserschleier 7 wird ähnlich erzeugt wie in Fig. 3 -6 und der Wandfilm wie in Fig. 5. Die Trennwand besteht jedoch aus zwei konzentrischen Flächen 16 und 17 und die Wasserversorgung für die Erzeugung des Films 16 und des Wasserschleiers Filme 7 erfolgt durch den Zwischenraum. Diese Lösung ist besonders günstig, wenn das Wasser aus dem Schlackebad innerhalb des Druckbehälters mit geeigneten Pumpmitteln, z.B. Injektoren, zu den Öffnungen 10 und 12 gefördert wird. Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the water distribution system according to the invention. The free falling water curtain 7 is generated similarly as in Fig. 3 -6 and the wall film as in Fig. 5 , However, the partition wall consists of two concentric surfaces 16 and 17 and the water supply for the production of the film 16 and the water curtain films 7 takes place through the gap. This solution is special favorable when the water from the slag bath within the pressure vessel with suitable pumping means, eg injectors, is conveyed to the openings 10 and 12.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Zentraler zylindrischer Kanal mit heißem Gas, 1200-1800°C, bis 80 barCentral cylindrical channel with hot gas, 1200-1800 ° C, up to 80 bar
22
Gekühlte WandChilled wall
33
Ringverteilerring distributor
44
Durchströmter Querschnitt des Ringverteilers mit zirkulierendem QuenchwasserFlowed cross-section of the ring manifold with circulating quench water
55
Austrittsspaltexit slit
66
Umlenkungredirection
77
Wasserschleierwater curtain
88th
Druckbehälterpressure vessel
99
Zuleitungen (eine oder mehrere) des Wasser in den VerteilerSupply lines (one or more) of the water in the distributor
1010
Öffnungen (rund, eckig, gerade / schräge Schlitze) oder DüsenOpenings (round, angular, straight / slanted slots) or nozzles
1111
Umlenkblech oder FormDeflector or mold
1212
Öffnungen, wie 10Openings, like 10
1313
Ringblechring plate
1414
Spaltgap
1515
Wandfilmwall film
1616
Zylindrische TrennwandCylindrical partition
1717
Zylindrische TrennwandCylindrical partition

Claims (14)

  1. Water distribution system for a gasification reactor for carrying out a slag-forming entrained-flow process in which the evolving synthesis gas flows downwardly during the gasification reaction, the gasification reactor comprising
    • a first reaction chamber arranged at the top in the reactor, in the upper region of which a feeding device for feedstock material is arranged, and the side walls of which are provided with tubes with internal cooling as a membrane wall or with tube coils from which liquid slag can freely flow away without the surface of this slag thereby solidifying, and at the underside of which an opening with a drip-off edge is provided,
    • a second chamber, in which the synthesis gas is kept dry and is cooled by radiation cooling, adjoining the opening at the bottom, and a water distribution system for producing a funnel-shaped water curtain (7) being provided,
    • a third chamber adjoining the second chamber at the bottom, and a discharge device for synthesis gas from the reactor being provided at the bottom or on the side of the third chamber,
    characterized in that
    a concentric annular distributor (3) is provided in combination with an axially symmetrical, cross-sectionally concavely curved deflection surface (11) as a water distribution system for forming the water curtain (7), wherein
    • the annular distributor (3) has at least one water inflow (9),
    • the annular distributor (3) has openings (10) which are configured suitably for the water to leave in the form of a jet,
    • the direction of the jet from the openings (10) points to the inside of the concavely curved deflection surface (11),
    • in the direction of the jet from the openings (10), the planar alignment of the concavely curved surface (11) is manifested such that the direction of the jet and the tangential plane of the cross-sectional area are aligned with each other at the point of impingement of the jet at an acute angle of between 0 and 45 degrees, and
    • the deflection surface (11) is curved in cross section to such an extent that it has a deflection angle (BETA) of more than 60 degrees.
  2. Water distribution system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the openings (10) are configured as upwardly directed nozzles.
  3. Water distribution system according to Claim 2, characterized in that the upwardly directed nozzles have a tangential inclination in the direction of the reactor circumference.
  4. Water distribution system according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the upwardly directed nozzles have an inclination towards the centre axis of the reactor.
  5. Water distribution system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the annular distributor (3) is configured with different flow cross sections (4), which taper from the inflow (9) of the annular distributor (3) towards each of the openings (10).
  6. Water distribution system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the radius of curvature of the deflection surface (11) is less than 0.3 of a metre.
  7. Water distribution system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the concave surface (11) is made up of sections tacked to one another.
  8. Water distribution system according to one of Claims 1, 6 or 7, characterized in that the curvature of the deflection surface (11) is adjoined by a straight section.
  9. Water distribution system according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that further lateral openings and deflection surfaces lying opposite them are provided on the annular distributor.
  10. Method for water distribution by means of a water distribution system according to Claim 1, in a gasification reactor when carrying out a slag-forming entrained-flow process in which the evolving synthesis gas flows downwardly during the gasification reaction, and in which a funnel-shaped water curtain (7) which is closed at the margin is produced, characterized in that
    • the water is directed under pressure into an annular distributor (3), which it flows through at at least 0.5 m/s until it leaves the annular distributor (3) through openings (10),
    • as it leaves the openings (10), it forms in each case a water jet, which impinges on a deflection surface (11),
    • each of the water jets is fanned out as it glides along the deflection surface (11) and combines with the water jet of the respectively adjacent opening (10) to form a closed water film,
    • this closed water film is directed into the interior of the reactor after leaving the deflection surface (11) in a downward direction.
  11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the water jets are directed in an inclined manner onto the deflection surface (11) such that the closed water film performs a rotation about the reactor axis.
  12. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that at least one further water film (15) is produced via lateral openings (12) and deflection surfaces (13) lying opposite them, said film adhering to cooled walls of the annular distributor or of the quench chamber that are exposed to generated gas.
  13. Method according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the water laden with solid matter from the slag bath of the gasification reactor is used as the water.
  14. Method according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the water from a water circulation downstream of the slag bath of the gasification reactor is used as the water.
EP11708399.8A 2010-03-01 2011-02-23 Water distribution system for a gasification reactor Not-in-force EP2542653B8 (en)

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DE201010009721 DE102010009721B4 (en) 2010-03-01 2010-03-01 Water distribution system and method for distributing water in a gasification reactor for carrying out a slag-forming airflow method
PCT/EP2011/000863 WO2011107228A2 (en) 2010-03-01 2011-02-23 Water distribution system in a gasification reactor

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US9175809B2 (en) 2015-11-03
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CA2791819A1 (en) 2011-09-09
CN102844411A (en) 2012-12-26
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TWI522455B (en) 2016-02-21
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CN102844411B (en) 2014-08-27
KR101805220B1 (en) 2018-01-10

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