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EP2425490A1 - Système d'antenne large bande pour communication par satellites - Google Patents

Système d'antenne large bande pour communication par satellites

Info

Publication number
EP2425490A1
EP2425490A1 EP10718884A EP10718884A EP2425490A1 EP 2425490 A1 EP2425490 A1 EP 2425490A1 EP 10718884 A EP10718884 A EP 10718884A EP 10718884 A EP10718884 A EP 10718884A EP 2425490 A1 EP2425490 A1 EP 2425490A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
waveguide
aperture
horns
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10718884A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2425490B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Seifried
Michael Wenzel
Christoph Häussler
Jörg OPPENLANDER
Jörg TOMES
Alexander Friesch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
QEST Quantenelektronische Systeme GmbH
Original Assignee
QEST Quantenelektronische Systeme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by QEST Quantenelektronische Systeme GmbH filed Critical QEST Quantenelektronische Systeme GmbH
Priority to PL10718884T priority Critical patent/PL2425490T3/pl
Publication of EP2425490A1 publication Critical patent/EP2425490A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2425490B1 publication Critical patent/EP2425490B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
    • H01Q13/0258—Orthomode horns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband antenna system for communication between mobile carriers and satellites, in particular for aeronautical applications.
  • the weight and size of the antenna system is of great importance, as it reduces the payload of the aircraft and causes additional operating costs.
  • the problem therefore is to provide antenna systems that are as small and lightweight as possible, which nevertheless satisfy the regulatory requirements for transmitting and receiving operation when operating on mobile carriers.
  • parabolic antennas are used which have these properties.
  • rectangular or rectangular antenna apertures are used which have an aspect ratio height to width of at most 1: 4. Since parabolic mirrors have only very low efficiencies in such aspect ratios, for applications such.
  • antenna fields in question are used.
  • Grating lobes are significant parasitic side lobes, which arise because the beam centers of the antenna elements which form the antenna field must have a certain distance from each other due to the design Beam angles for the positive interference of the antenna radiators and thus for the unwanted emission of electromagnetic power into undesired solid angle ranges
  • Antenna fields eg BJD Kraus and RJ Marhefka, "Antennas: for all applications", 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill series in electrical engineering, 2002
  • antenna fields have to have a feed network, there is the practical problem of finding network and antenna field topologies which, on the one hand, meet the above requirement for the maximum distance between the beam centers and, on the other hand, occupy as little space as possible.
  • the feed networks must be minimally dissipative in order to realize high antenna efficiencies and thus minimum antenna sizes.
  • Directed satellite communication also typically uses two independent signal polarizations to increase the data rate.
  • the antenna system must therefore be able to process two independent polarizations simultaneously. Both in the transmitting and in the receiving mode, a high polarization separation is required so that there is no mixing and thus a loss of efficiency.
  • In the transmission mode there are also strict regulatory requirements for the polarization separation so that it can not interfere with neighboring transponders with orthogonal polarization (see, for example, CFR 25.209 or 25.222).
  • it must therefore be ensured, on the one hand, that the primary radiator elements have sufficiently good polarization separation or preservation, and, on the other hand, that there is no undesired mixing of the orthogonal polarizations in the feed networks.
  • the required polarization decoupling with linearly polarized signals places very high demands on the antenna system.
  • the antenna aperture is always with its azimuth axis in the plane of the aircraft.
  • the aircraft level is typically a tangential plane to the earth's surface. If the aircraft position and satellite position are not of the same geographical length, then the antenna aperture, when directed at the satellite, will always be twisted by a certain angle, which depends on the geographic length, with respect to the plane of the Clarke orbit.
  • antennas which are designed as fields of horns, over a very high efficiency feature. If fields are fed by horns with a network of waveguides, then the attenuation of electromagnetic waves through such networks can be very small. Such a field is z. As proposed in the patent US 5243357. However, this is a pure receiving antenna (column 1, line 10 ff.). The very high polarization decoupling necessary for operation as a transmitting antenna can not be achieved with the proposed network of square waveguides. In addition, the design of the spacing between the radiator elements is comparatively large, since the square waveguides must have dimensions in the range of half the wavelength of the useful frequency for efficient waveguiding and the centers of the radiating elements are therefore far more than one wavelength apart.
  • Fig. La-c represent the structure of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows the detailed structure of the aperture surface
  • Figures 3a-d show the back side of an antenna according to the invention and the detailed structure of the horn antenna array with the feed networks for two orthogonal linear polarizations;
  • Figures 4a-b exemplify an E-field divider and an H-divider of the feed networks
  • Fig. 5a-b show a typical antenna diagram of an antenna according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows the back of an inventive
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a waveguide module according to the invention
  • Fig. 8 shows an aeronautical antenna system with a two-axis positioner
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a combined E-FeId and H-FeId divider, with the aid of which the antenna can be tracked with high precision.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a broadband antenna system, in particular for aeronautical applications, which, with minimal dimensions, permits a regulatory compliant transmission and reception operation and the precise alignment of the antenna with the target satellites.
  • This dimensioning rule also ensures that upon rotation of the antenna about the main axis of the beam necessarily associated with the rotation expansion of the main lobe remains low within the +/- 35 ° angle range that is important for the application. With a length to side ratio of 4: 1, the expansion in the Ku transmission band (14 GHz-14.5 GHz) is only a few tenths of a degree.
  • the angular range for the geographic skew of +/- 35 ° is therefore of particular importance, because then z. B. in Ku-band, the entire North American continent with only one satellite can be covered. This leads to a significant reduction in the cost of providing a corresponding service.
  • the horn field can be efficiently fed with a bi-directional binary feed network.
  • the dimensioning rule for the length L of the horn field, L ⁇ Ni ⁇ , ensures that no parasitic sidelobes occur in the azimuth direction, which are generated by a large distance of the beam centers of the primary horns.
  • the wavelength ⁇ must be the smallest of the wavelength occurring in the transmission mode. In Ku-band broadcasting this z. For example, the wavelength is 14.5 GHz, so that ⁇ «2.07 cm. Only by suppressing parasitic side lobes is a regulatory permissible transmission mode possible.
  • the antenna pattern can comply with the regulatory requirements.
  • the sizing of the primary horns also ensures that they can have a quadratic output that supports two orthogonal linear polarizations.
  • the square output (3) is fed by two rectangular waveguides lying in orthogonal planes. This geometry ensures effective polarization separation.
  • the feeding tube lying in a plane perpendicular to the aperture plane is provided with a waveguide septum (6), which prevents the parasitic migration of the orthogonal polarization in this waveguide branch.
  • the transition from the square output (3) of the primary horn to the input of the rectangular waveguide of the one linear polarization lying in the aperture plane is typically designed stepwise. This can also improve polarization separation and broadbandness.
  • a typical embodiment of the signal extraction from the primary horns is shown in FIG.
  • the horns of the primary horns are compressed in the beam direction. Their length perpendicular to the aperture surface is only 1 H ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ . This length is much smaller than the length, which is after the known
  • horn apertures Sizing provisions for horn apertures would result and leads without Phasenegalleitersgitter to a significant impedance mismatch to the free space wave and thus to significant reflection losses.
  • the aperture is provided with a phase-adjusting grating according to the invention, then the horns can be dimensioned according to the invention without significant losses occurring. This leads to a considerable reduction in the size of the overall antenna.
  • the phase gating in antennas according to the invention therefore not only has the task to homogenize the phase assignment of the aperture, but also serves for the impedance matching of the primary horn to the free-space wave impedance.
  • a separate feed network is provided for each of the two orthogonal polarizations.
  • the separate feed directly from the horn output also has the advantage that the two linear orthogonal polarizations can be processed completely separately and a high-precision phase adjustment can take place. This is necessary in order to be able to achieve the accuracy required for the polarization tracking of typically ⁇ 1 ° over the entire instantaneous bandwidth of typically more than 3 GHz. Also, the separation of the transmitting and receiving band is facilitated by appropriate frequency diplexer.
  • the construction of the feed networks as binary trees allows the use of high precision binary symmetric and asymmetric E-FeId and H-FeId power dividers (7, 8), as exemplified in Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b are shown.
  • This high precision is necessary to get one for both Polarizations to achieve almost identical frequency response over the entire instantaneous bandwidth, which is necessary in order to achieve the necessary precision in polarization tracking can.
  • high-efficiency phasing can then be achieved by a suitable combination of waveguide pieces with coaxial cable pieces over the entire instantaneous bandwidth.
  • this has the advantage that the amplitude and phase assignment of the aperture can be set very accurately.
  • the waveguides (2) of the feed networks are dimensioned for both polarizations such that on the one hand as lossless waveguide over the entire instantaneous bandwidth is achieved, and on the other hand is minimized by a high integration density of the required space.
  • waveguides are used whose aspect ratio is substantially smaller than the standard ratio 1: 2.
  • the waveguides (2) have an aspect ratio of only 6.5: 16.
  • the feed networks such that the line divider at the lowest level signals the two half-apertures with N / 2 primary horns respectively merges.
  • this power divider can also be designed as a combined E-FeId and H-FeId divider.
  • the difference signal can be tapped directly at the aperture output. If the difference signal is processed accordingly this enables the high-precision alignment of the antenna on the target satellites.
  • the CFR 25.222 standard requires a targeting accuracy of ⁇ 0.2 °. This is possible with conventional methods of "open loop" tracking with the aid of position data (eg via GPS and / or inertial detectors) only for short periods, then the transmission mode must be interrupted and the antenna must be realigned with the aid of the received signal.
  • the aperture is constructed so that it can provide the difference signal, accuracies can be achieved with the help of a "closed loop" tracking, which are permanently ⁇ 0.2 ° in time.
  • Fig. Ic the schematic structure of the two feed networks for the two orthogonal linear polarizations is shown.
  • the two polarisations are separated and fed in two separate feed networks (4) (solid lines) and (5) (dotted lines).
  • Both feed networks are designed as binary trees with E-FeId dividers (7) and H-FeId dividers (8).
  • the signals from N / 2 primary horns are symmetrically combined.
  • the lowest-level divider may be implemented as a combined E-field and H-field divider (30).
  • Phase lattice of claim 1 the property that with increasing geographic skew angle no parasitic "grating lobes" occur, but the level of sidelobes in the azimuth direction over the entire instantaneous bandwidth decreases.
  • Aperture occupancy is realized by symmetric and asymmetrical binary E and H power splitters (7, 8) in each of the two feed networks for each of the two orthogonal polarizations, and thus is effective over the entire instantaneous bandwidth.
  • This has the advantage that also in the receiving band a very high directivity is achieved and the parasitic irradiation of signals from neighboring satellites is greatly reduced.
  • a typical embodiment of the feed networks is shown in Fig. Ic.
  • Typical Embodiments of E-FeId Dividers (7) and H-FeId Dividers (8) are shown in Figures 4a and 4b.
  • phase gating grid 9
  • the webs of the Phasenegalleitersgitters divide the aperture surfaces of the primary horn into two equal parts, as shown in Fig. Ia.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that the phase occupation of the field is homogenized in both directions and that no parasitic side lobes caused by phase correlation occur even when the aperture is rotated about the main radiation direction. Due to the fact that the grating has square cells, no distortion of the E-FeId and H-FeId vectors occurs even in the presence of a geographic skew, even if, as in arrangements according to the invention, the aperture areas of the primary horns have an aspect ratio of 1: 2. Thus, the number of required primary horns in the elevation direction can be halved, since then they need not have an extension in this direction which is smaller ⁇ . The topological requirements for the feed networks are thereby simplified considerably and an additional volume or weight reduction is achieved.
  • the extension of the phase gating grating (9) in the direction perpendicular to the aperture surface is typically between ⁇ / 4 and ⁇ / 2.
  • This expansion is determined by the extension 1 H horn horn horn horns, which according to the invention ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ .
  • the instantaneous bandwidth and the impedance matching to the free-space wave can be adjusted according to the respective requirements.
  • Arrangements according to the invention have the advantage over fields of unmodified horns that an additional degree of freedom exists for the aperture design and the antenna performance of the strongly shortened horns can thus be optimized with respect to the available installation space.
  • the aperture of the antenna at least approximately the relation
  • FIG. 14 A further advantageous embodiment is shown in FIG. If the antenna is used simultaneously for transmission and reception, then it is advantageous if the output of the feed network of each of the two orthogonal polarizations is connected by a waveguide (11) to a waveguide frequency diplexer (12) comprising the transmission frequency band from Receiving frequency band separates and the receiving frequency band output (13) of the two waveguide frequency diplexer (12) is in each case connected to a low-noise amplifier (14).
  • the receive frequency band output is each connected directly to a low noise amplifier, or preferably a waveguide, such that the parasitic noise performance through dissipative connections remains minimal.
  • cooled low-noise amplifiers can advantageously also be used here.
  • thermoelectrically cooled low-noise amplifiers or active or passive cryogenically cooled low-noise amplifiers the receiving power of the antenna can be further increased.
  • FIG. 7 shows a typical embodiment of a waveguide module for polarization tracking.
  • the two orthogonal linearly polarized signals at the two outputs of the feed networks and / or at the outputs of the waveguide-frequency diplexer and / abut the outputs of the low-noise amplifiers are fed orthogonally into one or more waveguide modules, which consist of two connected together along its axis
  • Hollow conductor pieces (15, 16) which can be rotated against each other about the waveguide axis (17) motor-driven (18) by means of a gear (19), so that on the feed points (20) opposite side (21) of the waveguide modules in their polarization
  • the input orthogonal linearly polarized signals rotated linearly polarized signals can be coupled out and so the polarization of the incident waves can be reconstructed or the polarization of the waves to be transmitted can be controlled.
  • the antenna used for receiving and transmitting signals in different frequency bands which may be far apart, then it is advantageous if the antenna with a waveguide module for
  • Polarization tracking for the transmission band and a separate waveguide module for polarization tracking for the receiving band is equipped.
  • the two waveguide modules can then be matched exactly to the corresponding band. As a result, a high-precision polarization tracking is achieved and caused by the frequency dispersion of the waveguide deviations can be minimized.
  • the antenna is not only used for receiving and transmitting linearly polarized signals but also for receiving and / or transmitting circularly polarized signals, it is advantageous if the two orthogonally linearly polarized signals at the two outputs of the feed networks and / or at the outputs of the waveguide Frequency diplexers and / or at the outputs of the low-noise amplifier abutment with one or more 90 ° hybrid couplers are converted into orthogonal circularly polarized signals, so that the antenna also circularly polarized signals can be sent and / or received. Also, with appropriate division of the transmit and receive signals, simultaneous operation with all four possible orthogonal polarizations (2 ⁇ linear + 2 ⁇ circular) is possible both in transmit and in simultaneous receive mode. An arrangement according to claim 1 thus has the highest possible variability.
  • the antenna is mounted on the elevation axis of a two-axis positioner and the waveguide modules to compensate for polarization rotations and / or the 90 ° hybrid coupler for the reconstruction of circularly polarized signals mounted on the azimuth platform of the positioner and the antenna and waveguide modules and / or the 90 ° hybrid couplers are interconnected with flexible high frequency cables.
  • This arrangement of aperture and RF modules reduces the space required and facilitates integration, especially in aeronautical applications.
  • a typical arrangement with a two-axis positioner is shown in FIG.
  • the Hornfeld aperture with feed network (22) is mounted on the elevation axis (23) and can be aligned by means of the elevation motor (24) and the elevation gear (25) in the elevation direction.
  • the antenna can be rotated about the azimuth axis (27).
  • a high-frequency rotary feedthrough with typically two channels is integrated.
  • the electronics boxes (28) and (29) typically contain the control electronics for the positioner and additional high-frequency modules, such. B. modules according to claim 4 for polarization tracking.
  • boxes (28) and (29) may contain the processing electronics for high-precision tracking of the antenna, such as the electronics for processing the difference and sum signals of a combined E-field and H-field splitter.
  • the antenna is provided with the exception of the aperture surface from the outside wholly or partially with a protective layer against the ingress of moisture, and in the plane between the primary horns (1) and the Phasenegalmaschinesgitter (9) or in the plane of the horn outputs (3 ) a high frequency permeable waterproof film is introduced, which prevents the penetration of moisture into the primary horns and the waveguide feed network.
  • antennas according to the present invention typically consist of light metals such as aluminum or metallized plastic materials for reasons of weight reduction.
  • silver or copper these materials, since silver and copper have a very high RF conductivity.
  • solder at least critical parts of the aperture, to weld, or to glue with the bonding typically electrically conductive adhesives are used.
  • suitable Materials are in particular thin sheets of closed-cell foams (eg polystyrene, Airex, etc.). These plates can be glued and / or screwed to the surface of the phase gating grid with suitable flexible or viscoplastic adhesives, thus reliably preventing the ingress of moisture or other undesirable substances into the antenna.
  • vents may prevent condensate from accumulating inside the antenna, which may degrade the high frequency characteristics of the antenna.
  • the ventilation openings are preferably attached to the long edge of the waveguide of the feed network, since only small high frequency currents flow.
  • the dimension of the vents is typically much smaller than the wavelength for which the antenna is designed.
  • the ventilation openings can also be mounted in the protective film of the Phasenegalmaschinesgitters or in the Phasenegalmaschinesgitter covering material, in which case larger openings can be realized.
  • To prevent the ingress of dirt or other undesirable substances such.
  • Fig. 9 shows a typical embodiment of a combined E-FeId and H-FeId divider, with the aid of which the antenna can be tracked with high precision.
  • An advantageous Embodiment of the antenna is characterized in that the last waveguide power divider each of the two feed networks (4,5), which combines the signals of the two aperture halves with each N / 2 primary horns designed as a combined E and H divider (30) is such that both the sum signal (31) of the two symmetrical aperture halves and the difference signal (32) of the two symmetrical aperture halves is applied to this waveguide four-port and both the sum signal and the difference signal can be derived separately for each of the two orthogonal polarizations.
  • Combined E-FeId and H-field divisors so-called “magic teas” are four-element elements which, due to their geometric properties, provide both the sum signal of two supplied signals and the differential signal, due to the binary structure of the feed networks Horn field apertures invention possible, instead of the last binary power divider to install a "magic tea".
  • the difference signal can then be used either alone or together with the sum signal for high-precision alignment of the antenna on the target satellites. Since the difference signal disappears with exact alignment and the sum signal with exact alignment becomes maximum, z.
  • the quotient of the signal powers Pdifferenz / Psumme an extremely pronounced minimum (a so-called "zero") with exact alignment.Due to deviations from the exact alignment of the value of the quotient increases sharply and can be used for precise and fast tracking of the antenna the phase of the RF signal at the differential gate (32) has a zero crossing with exact alignment, so that the sign of the phase position indicates the direction in which the antenna must be tracked in. Since the high-precision tracking in satellite antennas, in principle, only along the Clarke orbit - In the azimuth direction, it is sufficient to divide the aperture in two halves in the azimuth direction In the elevation direction, open loop tracking is typically sufficient with the aid of position data and / or inertial detector data.
  • the difference gate (32) of the combined E- and H-divider is equipped with a transmission band-cut filter, the prevents the penetration of transmission signals in the differential branch and the difference gate (32) is connected via the transmission band rejection filter with a low-noise amplifier. Since only the receiving signal must be used for high-precision tracking of the antenna by means of the signal of the differential gate, the low-noise amplifier which amplifies this signal can be efficiently protected by a transmission band-cut filter from overdriving by the typically very strong transmission signal. Typically, this is a waveguide barrier filter is used because this class of components has only a very low attenuation.
  • the low-noise amplifier directly to the transmit band blocking filter, preferably also through waveguides, as this can minimize signal loss. If the received signal strong enough then but also embodiments are conceivable in which the low-noise amplifier with a high-frequency cable, z. B. a coaxial line is connected to the transmission band blocking filter.
  • the differential signals and / or a part of the sum signals of the two symmetrical aperture halves are forwarded to a processing electronics, which evaluates the strength and / or the phase position of the differential signals and / or the sum signals and these to the Passing control electronics of the antenna positioner, so that the control electronics can track the antenna so that the difference signal is minimal and so the antenna remains aligned with the target satellites when the antenna carrier moves relative to the target satellite.
  • the antenna is then optimally aligned with the target satellites when the receive signal at the difference gate of the combined E-field and H-field divider becomes minimal.
  • This optimality criterion can thereby in a simple way for high-precision tracking of the antenna at moving antenna carriers are used to be processed by a suitable electronic unit and forwarded to the controller of the antenna positioning system. Since the difference signal is permanently available in time, very high sampling rates and thus very fast tracking are possible even with very fast moving antenna carrier. Since the phase of the difference signal has a rapid zero crossing with optimum alignment with the target satellites, it is advantageous to also evaluate the phase position of the difference signal and to use for tracking. Typically, this allows an even higher precision in the tracking can be achieved than when only the strength of the difference signal is used.
  • the antenna diagram of the Differenztors Since the antenna diagram of the Differenztors has two main lobes, which can show in the worst case on neighboring satellites, it is also advantageous to compare the difference signal in its strength and / or its phase position with the sum signal to exclude the parasitic interference of neighboring satellites in the tracking , In principle, by appropriate processing of the sum signal, since the antenna diagram of the Summentors has only a single, well-defined main lobe, parasitic interference terms are eliminated in the difference signal. This can be z. B. take place in that the difference signal is phase-aligned projected to the sum signal.
  • both beacon signals of the satellite and normal transponder signals can be used.
  • a satellite beacon typically consists of a narrowband ( ⁇ 1 kHz) CW-like signal
  • a normal transponder typically emits a broadband signal (in Ku-band, for example, 30 MHz), which is coded by phase coding (eg. QPSK) an information content is imprinted.
  • phase coding eg. QPSK
  • the processing of high-frequency signals is facilitated by the fact that the processing electronics contains one or more fixed frequency mixer and / or one or more controllable frequency-variable mixer and one or more frequency filters for the difference signals and / or the sum signals, with which the difference signal or a part of the difference signal and / or the sum signal or a part of the sum signal in a defined baseband can be converted and processed there.
  • controllable frequency-variable mixers (“frequency synthesizer"), the frequency range or transponder used for tracking can be specifically controlled.
  • the difference signal and the sum signal in the baseband can be directly evaluated.
  • the strength of the difference signal and / or the sum signal in the baseband is measured with a suitable electronic circuit and transferred to the control electronics of the antenna positioner.
  • standard electronic components such as suitable amplifiers or power detectors, can be used, which are available at low cost for typical base bands in the MHz range.
  • the difference signal and / or the sum signal in the baseband is digitized with an analog-to-digital converter and forwarded to a processor which has suitable evaluation methods to measure the strength and / or the Phase position of the difference signal and / or the sum signal to determine, and passes this information to the control electronics of the antenna positioner.
  • the processor can be z. B. consist of a specially programmed FPGA or a simple freely programmable arithmetic unit. To improve the signal quality z. B. software-implemented controllable filter can be used with the help of which the noise bandwidth can be optimized.
  • the antenna signals are converted into a baseband for the purpose of high-precision tracking, digitized and forwarded to a processor, then it is advantageous in particular for aeronautical applications in which the antenna carrier (eg the aircraft) can move at very high speed.
  • the processor has an evaluation method with which the double frequency shift of the difference signal and / or of the sum signal occurring during rapid movements of the antenna carrier can be compensated.
  • Doppler tracking electronics software-implemented tracking can be implemented relatively inexpensively in a suitable processor if the signals are already in digitized form. Since the maximum Doppler shift can be calculated over the maximum velocity of the antenna carrier, it is possible to configure a software-implemented filter accordingly. Then z. B. using an FFT (“Fast Fourier Transform”) determines the current frequency of the signal, the noise bandwidth adjusted accordingly and the strength of the signal are measured.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the antenna aperture in mobile and in particular aeronautical applications typically can not be rotated about the beam axis, it may be advantageous if a polarization rotation of the difference signal and / or the sum signal of the two aperture halves due to the spatial position of the antenna carrier is reflected by one or more waveguide modules Claim 4 or in that the processor of the processing electronics has a suitable evaluation method can be compensated. As a result, a mixing of the signals of different polarization and thus a signal interference, which may affect the precise tracking prevented. In principle, this is depending on the application, two methods, the use of waveguide modules according to claim 4 and the software processing, available. Since the position of the antenna carrier, z. B. via GPS, typically known is, the polarization rotation can be calculated in a simple manner and can then be transferred to the control of the waveguide module or to the processor.
  • the evaluation method of the processor is to multiply two or more temporally successive values of the amplitude of the baseband difference signal and these products over a certain time .DELTA.t sum up to a sum Si, in each case two or more temporally successive values of the amplitude of the baseband sum signal to multiply and sum up these products over a certain time .DELTA.t to a sum S 2 , after the time period .DELTA.t the quotient S1 / S 2 and / or another suitable function f (Si, S 2 ), the value obtained thereby by the method of the smallest distance or another suitable method with the standard curve f N ( ⁇ , Si, S 2 ), thereby determining the value of the deviation angle ⁇ and applying it to d
  • the control electronics of the antenna positioner to pass.
  • the antenna is constructed according to the invention, up to a total of Ni / 2 primary horns, which are located at the edge of the aperture are not physically realized, or realized in its border changed or reduced, the corresponding cells of the Phasenegalleitersgitters are modified accordingly in that the edges of the cells continue to lie on the edges of the primary horns, the aperture coating according to the invention is realized only for complete lines of the field of primary horns containing Ni primary horns (see Fig. Ib) and the binary tree structure of the two feed networks (see Fig. Ic) is correspondingly cropped in the case of the absence of primary horns.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne pour communication par satellites large bande, comprenant un champ d'antennes à cornet primaires (1) qui sont assemblées entre elles par un réseau d'alimentation en guide d'onde (2).
EP10718884A 2009-04-30 2010-04-30 Système d'antenne à large bande pour communication par satellite Active EP2425490B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10718884T PL2425490T3 (pl) 2009-04-30 2010-04-30 System anten szerokopasmowych do komunikacji satelitarnej

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009019291 2009-04-30
PCT/EP2010/002645 WO2010124867A1 (fr) 2009-04-30 2010-04-30 Système d'antenne large bande pour communication par satellites

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2425490A1 true EP2425490A1 (fr) 2012-03-07
EP2425490B1 EP2425490B1 (fr) 2013-02-13

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US (1) US8477075B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2425490B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5535311B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102414922B (fr)
DE (1) DE102010019081A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2405598T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2425490T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010124867A1 (fr)

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US20110267250A1 (en) 2011-11-03
JP5535311B2 (ja) 2014-07-02
PL2425490T3 (pl) 2013-06-28
DE102010019081A9 (de) 2012-04-12
DE102010019081A1 (de) 2010-11-04
JP2012525747A (ja) 2012-10-22
WO2010124867A1 (fr) 2010-11-04
CN102414922B (zh) 2014-10-01
CN102414922A (zh) 2012-04-11
EP2425490B1 (fr) 2013-02-13
US8477075B2 (en) 2013-07-02

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