EP2424624A1 - Device for opening a pull door by applying a pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for opening a pull door by sinking, capable of applying a pressure on the vertical surface of the wall and of making it sink when the device is placed against the door on the side on which it opens when pulling, comprising a cylinder, an intermediate sole (6) and an upper bearing bar (7), characterized in that it comprises an upper bearing device (11) hinged to the upper end of said upper bearing bar (7), comprising at least one setting and locking part (12) defining: a front planar portion (12a) that can be inserted into a slot (3a) between the door frame (2) and the upper end (3i) of the door (3); a raised portion (12b) extending in a longitudinal direction YY' perpendicular to said front planar portion (12a) and above the latter; and a rear portion (12c) located at the base and at the back of said raised portion and under the face of which a fixation member (12d) enables the rotational hinging of said setting and locking part (12) relative to the upper end of said upper bearing bar (7).

Description

 Device for opening a push-pull door

The present invention relates to a device for exerting a thrust on the vertical surface of a door to achieve the opening by depressing said door. The present invention also relates to a method for exerting a thrust preferably of at least 50 kN on a door or other vertical flat surface from external support points.

More particularly, the invention relates to a device for achieving the opening, as quickly as possible, in force, without shock and in silence, any type of residential door, industrial premises or other.

These devices are intended to be used mainly either by relief organizations such as fire brigade or civil protection, or by special brigades of police or gendarmerie.

FR-2,825,354 are already known devices of this kind, which include: a hydraulic cylinder preferably, a midsole and an upper support bar, said cylinder comprising a movable rod whose end is hingedly attached, preferably removably on said midsole, and said upper support bar being hingedly attached, more preferably removably, at one end thereof to said midsole.

The articulation of the end of the movable rod of said jack on said midsole makes it possible to arrange it in inclination preferably of 20 to 35 ° with respect to the vertical, so as to be able to exert a thrust preferably of at least 50 kN on said midsole when said midsole is pressed against said midsole door or flat vertical surface and said cylinder is supported on a lower external support point, preferably on the ground.

Similarly, the articulation of said upper support bar on said intermediate sole makes it possible to arrange said bar substantially vertically so as to be able to apply its free end directly in abutment on an upper external support point constituted preferably by the frame of said door as shown in Fig. 1A or a ceiling, or a horizontal flat surface located above said vertical planar surface. The term "free end" here means the end of said bar which is not fixed to said midsole.

This device is perfectly adapted for the opening of doors opening by pushing on the side where is located the thrust device on the door, that is to say so-called "pushing" doors opening towards the inside of the door. the room from the outside of which one seeks to open it.

In practice, the device works on pushing doors thanks to its three-level supports, namely:

- on the ground, - on the door and,

- on the upper part or lintel of the retaining and stop frame of the door.

Indeed, the upper end of the upper support bar abuts below and against the portion of the lintel of the door frame projecting from the vertical plane of the door surface and against which the upper end of the door comes to a stop. This part of the lintel located lower than the upper end of the door ensures the retention of the door in its frame, when the door is closed by pulling it. On the other hand, the so-called "pulling" doors, that is to say which open by pulling towards the outside of the part outside which one seeks to open it, do not have the same configuration of the Doorframe. Indeed, on the outside of the room, there is no upper support part projecting from the door frame on which the upper end of the upper support bar could come to rest.

On the other hand, the inventors have discovered that this lack of frame and retaining and abutment of the door from the outside to the door, for the pulling doors, involves a second problem in the operation of the thrust and driving device. door as described above. Indeed, when the upper bar of the device tilts under the effect of the beginning of depression of the door at the midsole, namely substantially mid-height, there is no restraint of the upper end of the door, so that the central thrust at the midsole is less effective to complete the depression of the door and therefore slower to achieve its opening.

The object of the present invention is to provide a new thrust device on a vertical flat surface door adapted for a pulling door, that is to say that one seeks to open the outer side, the seat belt of the frame of the door being located on the inner side.

More particularly, an object of the present invention is to provide a pulling and pushing door pulling device which provides a solution to the problem set forth above.

To do this, the present invention provides a device for opening by depressing a door, able to exert a thrust on the vertical surface of the door and its depression, when the device is positioned against the door on the side where it s' open by pulling it, including: a preferably hydraulic jack, a midsole and an upper support bar, said jack comprising a movable rod whose one end is fixed in an articulated manner, preferably removably, on said midsole, and

said upper support bar being hingedly attached, preferably, removably, at one of its ends to said midsole,

characterized in that it comprises an upper support device fixed in an articulated manner, preferably removably, to the upper end of said upper support bar, said upper support device comprising at least one wedging piece and blocking forming:

A flat front portion adapted to be inserted into a slot between the door frame and the upper end of the door, and

a portion in elevation extending in a longitudinal direction YY 'perpendicular to said flat front portion and above thereof, the upper end of said elevating portion arriving opposite the partition above the door frame, preferably said elevation portion extending over a length at least three times the size of said front flat portion in the perpendicular direction XX 'to said longitudinal direction YY' of said elevation portion, and

a rear portion located at the base and behind said elevation piece, on the underside of which a fastening element is adapted to allow the articulation in rotation of said clamping piece and locking relative to the end upper portion of said upper support bar, said rear portion being preferably a rear flat portion extending in one direction XX 'perpendicular to said longitudinal direction YY' of said portion in elevation.

When said flat front portion is inserted into said slot between the door frame and the upper end of the door, said elevated portion extending above said door frame with its upper end arriving in facing relation of the partition above said frame, and when activating the actuator of the thrust device according to the invention, under the effect of the depression of said intermediate sole in the central part of the door, the surface of the door tilts and the upper end of the door starts to move back out of the frame. This recoil is however limited because the effect of pushing the upper end of the upper support bar upwards, on the underside of said rear flat part, causes a pivoting of the front end of said flat part. before, which tilts down and bears against the upper edge of the door. And, concomitantly said elevated portion tilts, relative to the vertical, by tilting its base backwards. But, its upper end abuts against the partition above the door frame prevents the upper end of the door recedes further. Said wedging and locking device thus fulfills the same technical effect as the portion of the lintel projecting from the vertical plane of the door serving as a stop, in a door opening device without this locking and locking device. the upper end of the upper support bar, when the door opening device is located on the side where the door opens by pushing.

The term "flat portion" herein means that said flat portion has upper and lower faces extending essentially parallel in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction YY '. And, it is understood that said front flat portion extends forward of said elevated portion, and said rear flat portion extends rearward of said elevation portion, i.e. in the two opposite directions of the direction XX 'perpendicular to the direction longitudinal YY 'on either side of said piece in elevation and at the base thereof, that is to say on the side of its lower end.

It is understood, in fact, that: the terms "upper" / "lower" and "above" / "on the underside" refer to the two opposite directions in the longitudinal direction YY ', the expression "at the base Meaning on the side of the lower end, and

the terms "front" and "rear" refer to the two opposite directions in the direction XX 'perpendicular to the perpendicular direction YY'.

The jack is intended to rest on the ground, but could also come to bear on a lower external support point. Similarly the midsole is intended to bear against the door, but could come to rest on a median outer support point.

It is understood that said front flat portions, elevated portion and rear flat portion are a single piece and are therefore made of material.

Preferably, these different parts of said chocking piece are made of steel or aluminum.

Here is meant by "articulated manner" that the two parts attached to one another can rotate relative to each other at least about a horizontal axis when the longitudinal directions of said support bar lower and upper support bar are located in the same vertical plane.

In a preferred embodiment, said portion in elevation of the wedging piece comprises or cooperates at its upper end with a bearing piece having a bearing surface extending in a perpendicular plane YY ', ZZ' to the upper faces. and lower of said flat front portion and adapted to come into contact and support against the partition vertically above the door frame, when said front flat portion is inserted horizontally and pushed as far as possible into said slot between the upper end of the door and the door frame, said support surface having a dimension greater than the surface of the upper part of said portion in elevation, on which is fixed said support piece.

This bearing surface makes it possible to increase the contact surface between said elevated part and said partition and thus to reduce the bearing pressure on the partition and to avoid damaging or even causing the rupture of the upper end of the partition. said portion in elevation and / or avoid the depression of the partition, which would hinder the completion of the depression of the door.

Increasing the distance of said abutment from the base of said elevation and increasing the weight of said abutment makes it possible to increase the moment of the forces transferred at the upper end. of the door and thus prevent a rotation thereof relative to an axis located at the upper end of the elevation portion abutting against the partition. Thus, it is possible to increase the counter-lever effect of said elevation piece preventing the complete removal of the upper end of the door from outside its frame under the effect of the thrust of the midsole by actuation of the jack of said lower support bar. This complete removal would have the effect of adversely affecting the efficiency and speed of entry and opening of the door.

More particularly, said bearing surface is located vertically in front of said elevation portion so that only said bearing surface is in contact with the partition above the door frame when said front flat portion is horizontally inserted in said slot. It is understood that the remainder of said elevated portion located below said bearing surface, is positioned recessed relative to the wall and therefore without contact therewith.

By this offset, it is possible to adapt the support device according to the invention in the presence of a peripheral molding with respect to the door frame on the side of the partition where the thrust is exerted, provided that said bearing surface is located in front of said elevation portion of the wedging piece by a distance at least equal to the thickness of said molding.

More particularly, said support piece may be fixed to the upper end of said elevation portion in two different positions, in which the distance between said bearing surface and the front face of said elevation portion is different; two said positions corresponding to an inversion of the faces constituting the front faces and rear faces of the support piece relative to the upper end of said elevation piece, on which said support piece is fixed.

It is thus understood that it is possible to obtain several distance values between the partition and said elevation and thus take into account the possibility that moldings are present on the door frame with two different depths.

It is understood that the distance between said bearing surface and said elevation portion is a distance in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of said elevation portion.

Advantageously, said front flat portion comprises: a front end bevelled at the sub-face by an angle of approximately 30 °, facilitating the insertion of said flat front part into said slot, and

a grooved or notched upper face, said grooves or notches being able to be inclined towards the rear, and - A lower face having at least one notch or a hook-shaped portion inclined rearwardly.

It is understood that said grooves or notches of the grooved or notched upper face are inclined rearwardly so as not to prevent the introduction of said flat front portion into said slot and to increase the initial adhesion to the surface of the frame vis-à-vis, in case of rearward movement of said upper face.

Similarly, it is understood that said hook, on the underside of said front flat part, allows it to be able to penetrate into the upper edge of the door when said front flat portion inserted in said slot is subjected to a movement of rearward withdrawal with its front end supported on said edge of the door by pivoting downwardly, without hindering the introduction of said front flat portion in said slot.

This type of downward pivoting movement of the front end of the front flat portion results from the upward pushing of the upper end of the upper bar back and under the front of said flat front portion and into face of said flat rear portion.

This notch or hook on the underside of said front flat part prevents the front flat part from completely disengaging from said slot under the effect of pushing up the upper part of the upper support bar and an inclination excessive elevation of the part relative to the partition, before the upper end thereof comes to bear directly or indirectly against said partition.

In another preferred embodiment, said wedging and locking piece comprises or cooperates with a block-shaped striking piece constituting an anvil located at the base of said portion in elevation, at least partly above said portion. rear plate, said anvil striking piece being removably attached to said chock piece. This anvil block makes it possible to strike with a mass to allow the insertion of said flat front part into said slot between the upper end of the door and the frame, without damaging said chocking part and in particular the base of said elevated part. .

Preferably, said anvil block piece is removable and can be replaced when it deteriorates with use.

More preferably, said support piece and said anvil block are made of aluminum so as not to weigh down the device according to the invention.

More particularly, said flat front portion and said elevated portion of the locking piece have the same dimension in a direction ZZ 'perpendicular to said longitudinal direction YY' of said elevation portion, preferably of a width less than

100 mm, more preferably 30 to 70 mm wide.

These dimensions are sufficient to provide an effective bearing surface without creating bulk making it more difficult to transport and / or the establishment of the support device and the thrust device according to the invention.

According to other particular and advantageous features of the device of the invention, it comprises: a bottom flange, said jack being attached in an articulated manner, preferably in a removable manner, at its other end to said bottom flange, and said jack is a double jack comprising a cylinder body consisting of a cylindrical chamber containing two movable rods capable of exerting thrusts oriented in opposite directions from one another, the ends of said rods movable from the outer side to said cylindrical chamber, being preferably hingedly connected releasably, respectively to said intermediate and lower flanges, and said upper support bar is of adjustable length, preferably constituted by two telescopic tubes, the length of said support bar is adjustable by locking the relative position of said telescopic tubes, and said midsole comprises a flat support of which one face is intended to bear on said door or vertical plane surface, comprises non-slip elements preferably hard points, and the other side comprises hinge means of said cylinder and said upper support bar .

This feature makes it possible to adapt the device according to the invention to doors of different heights on the one hand, and on the other hand to reduce the size of the device once stored.

More particularly, this device comprises: a hydraulic unit delivering a pressure preferably of at least 250 bar, preferably still mounted on a portable frame in the back of an operator, and said hydraulic unit being preferably connected by a only flexible to a single-acting hydraulic cylinder, preferably still via a handle for controlling the opening and closing of the hydraulic fluid supply and return valves of said single-acting hydraulic cylinder.

Indeed, insofar as the device according to the invention requires only a limited time of intervention, it is possible to integrate small size batteries to thereby obtain a portable device of low weight and bulk.

The present invention also provides a method for exerting a thrust preferably of at least 50 kN on a pulling door, characterized in that a device according to the invention is used and the steps are carried out in which: 1) inserting said flat front portion into a slot, between the upper end of the door and the door frame, in maximum depression until the base of said elevated portion abuts against the door frame where a molding vis-à-vis the frame of the door, and

2) said cylinder is arranged inclined preferably from 20 to 35 ° relative to the vertical, with

said intermediate sole bearing on said door or vertical flat surface, said jack bearing on a lower external support point, preferably the ground, preferably via a said lower sole, and

3) actuating the movable rod of said jack in extension so as to exert a said thrust on said midsole, to obtain an increase in the inclination of said cylinder by an angle of at least 3 °, preferably an increase from 5 to 20 °.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the light of the detailed description which follows, with reference to the following figures:

FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C illustrate a device for exerting thrust on a pushing door of the prior art.

FIG. 2 shows an upper support device designed to be fixed articulated in rotation at the upper end of the upper support bar of a device as described in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C to be adapted. on a pulling door.

- Figure 3 is a side view of a wedging piece 12.

- Figures 4A and 4B are rear and side views of the first portion 14-1 of the support piece 14. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a thrust device according to the invention, equipped with a support device 10 in a bearing position in the slot between the upper end of a door and the upper frame; of the front door thrust.

- Figures 6A and 6B are sectional views of the support device 10 placed at the upper end of the door resting against the wall before exerting the thrust by the jack of the thrust device according to the invention (Figure 6A) and after a beginning of depression of the door (Figure 6B).

- Figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the support device 10, without support block 14, adapted to a partition without molding vis-à-vis the door frame.

In FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C, there is shown a prior art door pushing and pushing device adapted for the opening doors, which comprises all the components of the device according to the invention adapted for pulling doors, except the upper support device 10, fixed articulated in rotation at the upper end 7-1 of the upper support bar 7.

In the device of the prior art, it can be seen that the upper end 7-1 of the upper support bar 7 bears directly on the underside of the vertical part 2a of the lintel of the frame 2 forming a stop and holding of the door 3 on the outside where is located the thrust device according to the invention.

The device according to the invention as described in Figures 2 to 7 further comprises an upper support device 10 and has the same components as the device 1 of Figures la and IC.

The upper support device 10 is articulated in rotation at the upper end I ₁ of the upper support bar 7 with the aid of a hinge element 11, which comprises: - In the upper part, a stirrup 11 b with two branches

1 lb-1, 1 lb-2, each being pierced with an orifice l ie, and

- In the lower part, a hollow tube l ia which fits inside the upper end I ₁ of the upper tube of the upper support bar 7,

said orifices having a same axis ZZ ', where appropriate horizontal, perpendicular to the elevation direction of the limbs 1 lb-1, 1 lb-2 and in the axial longitudinal direction of the tube 1, thus allowing a joint rotation about the axis of said orifice 1 ie of the wedging piece 12 described below, in a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the upper support bar 7.

The upper support device 10 comprises a wedging and locking piece 12 comprising the following parts forming a monobloc steel.

A front flat portion 12a forming a length which is inserted into the slot 3a between the upper lintel of the frame 2 of the door and the upper edge 3i of the door 3.

This flat front portion 12a comprises a front end 12a-1, bevelled rearwardly at the sub-face by an angle of about 30 °, to facilitate this insertion. Thus, the lower rear end of the bevel arrives at the front end of the lower face of said forward flat portion 12a, this lower rear end of the bevel protrudes below said lower face of said front flat portion and forms thus with this one a hook 12a-3.

The upper face of said flat front portion 12a is grooved

12a-2, the projecting portions of said grooves being also inclined rearwardly so that these grooves increase the initial adhesion of said front flat part to the underside of the lintel of the frame

2 of the door without obstructing the insertion of the length and 12a in the slot 3a. As shown in Figures 6B and 7, when said front flat portion 12a is in position in the slot 3a and that, under the effect of the thrust of the cylinder 4, the door 3 begins to sink and the upper end 3i of the door 3 begins to move back slightly, this causes a beginning of withdrawal of the flat part before 12a towards the rear by swinging downward of the front end 12a-1 of the length and 12a with respect to the base 12b-2 of said portion in elevation 12b. Therefore, the hook 12a-3 is sinking on the upper edge 3i of the door 3 ₂ , which prevents said flat front portion 12a can continue to disengage the slot 3a. Indeed, given the support of the upper support block 14 against the partition 9, above the frame 2 of the door described below, the upper support device 10 according to the invention provides resistance and a blocking of the recoil outside the frame 2 of the upper end 3i of the door 3, when the thrust continues to be made at the midsole 6 for the complete depression of the door 3.

The wedging and locking device 12 further comprises a rear flat portion 12c, behind said front portion 12a, said rear flat portion 12c extending in a same substantially horizontal plane XX'-ZZ ', outside the slot 3a. when the flat front portion 12a is inserted into the slot 3a.

This flat rear portion 12c comprises on the underside a yoke 12d perforated at 12f, said yoke 12d fitting between the two branches 1 lb-1, 1 lb-2 of the yoke 1 lb of the hinge member 11 .

A fixing lug 12e is introduced into the orifices l ie then 12f of the same axis ZZ 'substantially perpendicular to the axis XX' in which extend said front flat portion 12a and rear flat portion 12c, thus allowing the hinge rotation of the locking device 12 about an axis ZZ 'in a plane X', YY 'namely the articulation in rotation in a vertical plane when said support device is in position with the flat front portion 12a inserted into the slot 3a between the frame 2 and the upper end of the door 3. At the top of the branches 1 Ib-I and 1 lb-2 of the bracket 11b, it is possible to adapt ball screws Hd, the balls being housed in recesses 12g of clevises 12f, having the effect of suppressing the rotation of the part 12 during the transport of the thruster 1 prior to use, if desired.

Said flat front portion 12a and rear flat portion 12b extend a distance of about 30 to 50 mm in each of two directions ZZ 'and XX'.

The wedging and locking device 12 further comprises an upper portion in elevation 12b extending in the vertical direction YY 'perpendicular to the plane XX', ZZ 'above said front flat portion.

12a and rear flat portion 12c, said front flat portion 12a being located in front of the base 12b-2 of said elevation portion 12b, and, conversely, said rear flat portion 12c being located behind the base 12b-2 of said portion in elevation 12b.

Said front flat portion 12a and rear flat portion 12c have a thickness in the YY direction of about 5 mm, said rear flat portion 12c being slightly thicker, however, since it is not inserted into the interior. the slot 3a.

Said portion in elevation 12b separates the upper faces of said flat front portions 12a and rear flat portion 12c. Said portion in elevation 12b extends to a height of about 150 to 200 mm and forms a flat steel rod of the same width in the direction ZZ 'of about 50 mm as said front flat portions 12a and rear flat portion 12c.

The thickness in the direction XX 'of said elevated portion 12b is at least twice, preferably triple, than the thickness of said front flat portion 12a and rear flat portion 12c so as to impart sufficient rigidity to said portion in elevation 12b.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the front face of the base 12b-2 of the elevation portion 12b is wedged against a molding 9a vis-à-vis the frame 2 of the door 3, when the front flat portion 12a is inserted into the slot 3a. In an alternative embodiment (Figure 7), the frame 2 of the door has no molding, and the front face of the base 12b-2 of the elevation portion 12b can be applied directly against the upper part of the lintel of the frame 2 when the support device 10 does not comprise a support block 14 at the upper end 12b-1 of the elevation portion 12b as described below.

In a preferred embodiment, the wedging and locking device 12 cooperates, on the one hand, at the upper end 12b-1 of the elevation portion 12b with a support block 14 and, on the other hand, at the level of said rear flat portion 12c with an anvil forming block 13.

The support block 14 is formed of a first half-block 14i and a second half-block 14 ₂ of smaller thickness in the direction XX 'than the first half-block, the two half-blocks applying by screwing 14c against each other in a plane ZZ ', YY' so as to form a parallelepipedal block4, the upper end 12b-1 of the elevation portion 12b being interposed between the two half-blocks 14i and 14 ₂ ..

The first half-block 14i has on one side a reservation

14b of form adapted to receive the upper end 12b-1 of said elevated portion 12b and for screwing thereof within said reservation. The support block 14 is made integral with the upper part 12b-1 of the elevation portion 12b by fixing, by means of screws 14f, the second plate-shaped half-block 14 ₂ against the face of the first half-block 14i on the side of his reservation, and therefore against I the upper part 12b-l of the elevation portion 12b inserted in said reservation.

The support block 14 has a non-symmetrical positioning in the direction XX 'with respect to the elevation portion 12b. Indeed, the vertical flat front face 14a of the support block 14 is disengaged on the front by a distance of about 15 mm from the front face 12b-3 of the elevation portion 12b, lower than the thickness of the molding 9a so that when the front face of the base 12b-2 of the elevation portion 12b is pressed against the molding 9a, the front bearing surface 14a of the support block 14 abuts against the partition 9 above the frame 2 of the door 3, after insertion of the flat front portion 12a in the slot 3a between the upper end 3i of the door and the upper part of the frame 2.

For moldings of lower thickness, the two-part configuration of the support block 14 makes it possible to reverse the respective positioning of the first half-blocks 14i and second half-block 14 ₂ . As the second half-block 14 ₂ has a thickness less than the first half-block, the first half-block 14i is placed on the rear face 12b-4 of the upper portion 12b-1 of the elevation portion 12b and the plate 14 ₂ against the front face 12b-3 of the upper portion 12b-1 of the elevation portion 12b.

As shown in Figure 6B, when the front end 3i of the door 3 begins to sink and thus to tilt at the beginning of the actuation of the cylinder 4 of the device 1, this results in a slight withdrawal of the part flat front 12a, the hook 12a-3 of the underside is sinking on the upper edge 3i of the door 3 in 3 ₂ . But, this withdrawal is a very limited distance, because the rod or portion in elevation 12b of the wedging and locking piece 12 is sufficiently long, so that its inclination relative to the vertical can not exceed 5 °. The force F ₃ pushing up the upper end I ₁ of the upper support bar 7 is transferred in lateral support towards the fi of the bearing surface 14a against the partition 9 or the end upper 12b-l against the partition 9, on the one hand, and on the other hand, bearing downwards f ₂ of the flat front portion 12a tilting downwards against the edge 3i of the door 3. Thus, the partition 9, against which the upper end 12b-1 of the portion in elevation 12b or the surface 14a of the support block 14 comes abutment, offers resistance to withdrawal movements towards the rear of the front flat portion 12a secured to the upper edge 3i of the door 3.

Specifically, the horizontal components in the direction

XX 'thrust forces Fl, F2 and F3, transferred to the upper end 3i of the door 3 to 3 ₂ , are balanced by the counter-reaction of the partition at the contact thereof with the block d support 14 or the upper end 12b-l of the elevation portion 12b.

One can also consider that there is an equilibrium, in terms of the moments of the forces transferred at the orifice 12e of the articulation part 11, with respect to the axis of rotation ZZ 'situated at the level of the upper end 12b-l of the room 12b. It is therefore understood that the height of the part in elevation 12b by a counter-lever effect, contributes to imparting resistance and rapid blocking stopping the removal of the upper part 3i of the door 3 as soon as its inclination with respect to the vertical exceeds a certain value, in particular 5 °, even 3 °. In other words, the flat front portion 12a of the wedging piece 12 can not move back beyond a certain limited distance given that the rotation of the position 3 ₂ at the upper edge 3i of the door 3 is blocked by abutment of the upper end 12b-l against the partition.

In practice, the width, in the direction ZZ ', of the surface 14a of the bearing block 14 corresponds to about twice the width of the rod in elevation 12b and the dimension or height of the surface 14a, in the direction YY ', is substantially equal to the width in the direction ZZ' of the elevation portion 12b, so that the bearing surface 14a is sufficient to avoid possible crushing of the partition 9 if it has insufficient strength or stiffness .

In addition, the weight of the support block 14 also contributes to increasing the thrust F1 against the partition by the component horizontal support weight 14 in case of inclination of the portion in elevation 12b. The height or length of the elevated portion 12b makes it possible to implement a relatively lightweight support block 14 made of aluminum, which reduces the weight of the support device 10 and facilitates its installation and its transport. In practice, the weight of the support block 14 is about 500g.

In the absence of molding 9a and when the partition 9 is sufficiently strong and rigid, it is possible to avoid the establishment of the support block 14, as shown in Figure 7, given the rigidity of the part in elevation 12b and its length.

The wedging device 12 comprises on its rear face an anvil strike block 13 which makes it possible to hit with a mass 10a its rear face 13a to allow the introduction of the flat front portion 12a into the slot 3a.

This anvil strike block 13 is positioned over said flat rear portion 12b with respect to the rear face of the base 12b-2 of the elevation portion 12b, the block 13 having a reservation or notch on its underside so that to come cover the rear flat portion 12c and so that the rear face 13a of the anvil strike block 13 is recessed rearward in the direction XX 'relative to the rear end of the rear flat portion 12c.

This block 13 is removable, because after several uses, it can be damaged, so replaced.

The thrust device 1, shown in FIGS. 1A-1C and 2 to 7, comprises a double jack comprising a cylindrical jack body 4 ₃ enclosing two movable rods 4i, 4 ₂ able to exert thrusts oriented in the opposite direction. the other. The ends of said movable rods 4i, 4 ₂ on the outer side to said cylindrical chamber are articulately and removably connected respectively to said midsole 6 and lower soleplate 5. Said lower sole 5 comprises a flat support 5i whose one face intended to rest on a lower bearing point 1, preferably the ground 20, comprises non-slip elements, preferably hard points ₂ , and of which other face comprises hinge means 53, said cylinder 4 on said bottom flange 5.

Said upper support bar 7 is constituted by two telescopic tubes whose length is adjustable by locking their relative position, in particular by means of an index, locking cooperating in holes in the upper tube, the upper tube 7 ₃ sliding inside the lower tube.

The midsole 6 comprises a flat support 61, one side of which is intended to rest on the vertical vertical plane surface of said door, and comprises non-slip elements consisting of hard points 6 ₂ , and the other face comprises means hinge 63, said cylinder 4 and said upper support bar 7.

The intermediate 6 and lower soles 5 comprise flat supports or plates 5i, 61 and hinge means constituted by yokes ₃ , 63 on one face of said flat supports 5i, 61 _; screeds on which are mounted removably, retractable lugs (not shown) forming hinge pins in holes of said yokes and said ends of said upper support bar 7 and / or said cylinder 4, thus allowing their articulation on said soles 5, 6.

More particularly, a piercing at the end of the first movable rod 4i of the hydraulic cylinder cooperates with penetrations of the clevises 63 of the intermediate sole 6 and a first retractable lug

(not shown) inserted into said bores clefts and the end of said first movable rod 4i of the jack, which allows the articulation of said jack by rotation about the axis constituted by said first pin, particularly when one sets up said sole intermediate 6 resting on a said door 3 and that said cylinder 4 is inclined in position of 20 to 35 ° relative to the vertical.

Similarly a piercing at the end of the second movable rod

4 _{2 of} said cylinder cooperates with bores of the yokes 5 ₃ of the lower flange 5, and a second retractable lug (not shown) inserted in said bores of the yokes 5 ₃ of the lower flange 5 and the end of said second movable rod 4 ₂ , which allows the articulation of said cylinder by rotation relative to the axis constituted by said second lug, in particular when one sets up said bottom flange 5 resting on the ground 1.

Similarly, a lower end piercing of said support bar 7 cooperates with bores screeds 6 ₃ of the intermediate sole 6 and a third retractable lug (not shown), inserted into said holes, which allows the articulation of said upper support bar by rotation thereof relative to the axis constituted by said third pin when placing said intermediate sole 6 bearing on the door 3.

Of course, these means of articulation of the jack 4 and the support bar 7 with respect to said flanges 6, 5 are described purely for the purpose of other means of articulation that can be implemented without departing from the of the present invention.

Said hydraulic cylinder comprises a commissioning handle 8 ₂ and a carrying handle 4 ₄ .

The hydraulic cylinder 4 is a single-acting cylinder comprising a single hose containing the hydraulic fluid pipe and the electrical conduits 8i. Said hose 8i is connected to said cylinder via a commissioning handle 8 ₂ whose rotation triggers the start of the hydraulic unit (not shown) at the end of the hose. This method and device for controlling and supplying a hydraulic cylinder has been described in French patent FR 94/07680 (published under No. 2,721,359). This 8 ₂ handle, in combination with the hose 81 connecting it to a source of hydraulic fluid, is an electrical connection between it and at least one contactor, and allows:

the control by rotation of the handle 8 ₂ , of the closing of said contactor for starting the source of fluid, which is thus pressurized,

supplying the chamber of said jack located on the sides of the moving pistons moving the rods of the jack, through a supply hose 81 and said handle 8 ₂ connected to said supply hose 8 ₁ ,

stopping the movement of the cylinder rod and the source of fluid under pressure, by releasing the handle which returns to a neutral position of rest,

the opening of a fluid return valve which has filled the chamber of the jack by rotation of the handle in the opposite direction from previously, and

- The evacuation of said fluid by pressing an elastic means on the other side of the pistons which then move in the opposite direction to the previous one.

Preferably, the chamber of the cylinder located on the other side of the piston is filled with respect to the chamber receiving said pressurized fluid by compressed gas which thus maintains a bearing pressure on the corresponding side of the piston. However, it is possible without departing from the scope of the present invention to use double-acting cylinders with two hydraulic fluid supply hoses which can respectively provide an energy for implementation and respectively return of the movable rods. For the implementation of the device according to the invention as represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, the following successive steps are carried out in which:

the bearing device 10 is positioned in abutment with the slot 3a between the lintel of the frame 2 and the upper end of the door 3, said flat front portion 12a being driven as far as possible into said slot, so that the base 12b -2 of said portion in elevation 12b abuts against the frame 2 of the door or a molding 9a vis-à-vis the frame 2 of the door, then - is positioned the intermediate sole 6 bears on the door 3 around the lock 3i, then

- Positioning the bottom plate 5 of the hydraulic cylinder 4 resting on the ground 1, the movable rods of the cylinder 4 are output so that the cylinder takes an inclination of about 30 °. Once the device is in place, the adhesion elements constituted by the hard steel tips 6 ₂ and 5 ₂ of the intermediate flanges 6 and lower 5, stabilize the device in position.

Once the device in place, it actuates the movable rods 4i and 4 _{2 of} said cylinder in extension so as to exert a thrust of at least 50 kN respectively on said intermediate flanges 6 and lower 5.

A thrust is exerted on a security door to force the opening by exerting a thrust on said intermediate sole 6 until an increase in the inclination of said cylinder 4 by an angle of at least 3 °, preferably of 5 to 20 °. The cylinder deploys and transmits its force via the upper support bar 7 on the top of the frame 2 of the door. The resistance offered by the upper support device 10 at the level of the frame 2 and the partition 9 makes it possible to obtain an optimum horizontal thrust force at the level of the midsole 6 and to make it possible to open the door. The use of a hydraulic cylinder has been described, but the cylinder can also be pressurized by means of an electric, thermal, pneumatic or manual pump.

For the current security doors, especially those with 3 or 5 closing points, it is observed that when the device is located around the locks, they release from a cylinder thrust of approximately 50 kN obtained with a hydraulic pressure of about

250 bar and creating an additional inclination of the cylinder of 15 °, as shown in Figure 2. This operation takes place in a few seconds, the cylinder does not require significant energy and can be operational with a hydraulic power supply unit not exceeding not the 18 kg and can be adapted on a portable chassis on the back.

Claims

1. Device for opening by pressing a door, able to exert a thrust on the vertical surface of the door and its depression, when the device is positioned against the door on the side where it opens by pulling it, comprising: a preferably hydraulic jack (4), an intermediate sole (6) and an upper support bar (7), said jack comprising a movable rod (4i) whose one end is hinged (6 ₃ ), of preferably removably on said midsole (6), and - said upper support bar (7) being hinged (6 ₃ ), preferably removably, at one end thereof on said midsole (6), characterized in that it comprises an upper support device (10) hingedly fixed, preferably removably, to the upper end of said upper support bar (7), said upper support device ( 10) comprising at least one wedging and locking piece (12) forming: a flat front portion (12a) adapted to be introduced into a slot (3a) between the frame (2) of the door and the upper end (3i) of the door (3), and - an elevation portion (12b) extending in a longitudinal direction YY 'perpendicular to and above said front flat portion (12a), the upper end (12b-1) of said elevation portion ( 12b) facing the partition (9) above the frame (2) of the door (3), preferably said elevation portion (12b) extending over a length of at least three times the dimension of said front flat portion (12a) in the perpendicular direction XX 'to said longitudinal direction YY' of said elevation portion 12b, and - A rear portion (12c) located at the base and rear of said elevation piece, on the underside of which a fastening element (12d) is adapted to allow the articulation in rotation of said blocking and locking piece (12) with respect to the upper end of said upper support bar (7), said rear portion (12c) being preferably a flat rear portion extending in a direction XX 'perpendicular to said longitudinal direction YY' of said elevated portion (12b). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said elevation portion (12b) of the wedging piece (12) comprises or cooperates at its upper end (12b-1) with a bearing piece (14) having a surface bearing (14a) extending in a perpendicular plane (YY ', ZZ') to the upper and lower faces of said front flat portion (12a) and adapted to come into contact and bear against the vertical partition (9) above the frame (2) of the door (3), when said front flat portion (12a) is introduced horizontally and pushed as far as possible into said slot (3a) between the upper end (3i) of the door and the frame (2 ) of the door, said bearing surface (14a) having a dimension greater than the surface of the upper portion (12b-1) of said elevation portion (12), to which said support piece (14) is fixed. . 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that said bearing surface (14a) is located vertically in front of said elevation portion (12b) so that only said bearing surface (14) is in contact with the partition (9) above the frame (2) of the door (3) when said front flat portion (12a) is inserted horizontally into said slot (3a). 4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said support piece (14) can be fixed to the upper end (12b-1) of said elevation portion (12b) in two different positions, in which the distance between said support surface (14a) and the front face (12b-3) of said elevation portion (12b) is different, the two said positions corresponding to a reversal of the faces constituting the front faces (14a) and rear faces of the support piece by relative to the upper end (12b-1) of said elevation piece, on which said support piece is fixed. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said front flat portion (12a) comprises: a front end (12a-1) bevelled at the sub-face at an angle of about 30 °, facilitating the insertion of said front flat portion into said slot (3a), and - A grooved or notched upper face (12a-2), said grooves or notches being adapted to be inclined towards the rear, and a lower face having at least one notch or a hook-shaped portion (12-3) inclined towards the rear. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said wedging and locking piece (12) comprises or cooperates with a block-shaped striking piece (13) constituting an anvil located at the base of said elevation portion (12b), at least partly above said rear flat portion (12c), said anvil striking piece (13) being removably attached to said wedge piece (12). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said front flat portion (12a) and said portion in elevation (12b) of the locking piece (12) have the same dimension in a direction (ZZ ' perpendicular to said longitudinal direction (YY ') of said elevation portion, preferably of a width of less than 100 mm, more preferably of a width of 30 to 70 mm. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises: a lower flange (5), said jack (4) being hinged (5 ₃ ) preferably detachably attached at its other end (4 ₂ ) to said lower flange (5), and said jack is a jack double comprising a cylinder body consisting of a cylindrical chamber (4 ₃ ) containing two movable rods (4i, 4 ₂ ) capable of exerting thrusts oriented in opposite directions from each other, the ends of said movable rods on the side outside said cylindrical chamber, being hingably connected (6 ₃ , 5 ₃ ) preferably releasably, respectively to said intermediate (6) and lower (5) flanges, and - said upper support bar (7) is of adjustable length, preferably consisting of two telescopic tubes (7 ₂ , 7 ₃ ), the length of said support bar (7) is adjustable by locking the relative position of said telescopic tubes, and - said intermediate sole (6) comprises a flat support (6i) whose one face is intended to bear on said door or flat vertical surface, comprises non-slip elements preferably hard points (6 ₂ ). , and whose other face comprises hinge means (6 ₃ , 6 ₄ , 4 ₅ , 7 ₅ ) of said cylinder (4) and said upper support bar (7). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises: a hydraulic unit delivering a pressure preferably of at least 250 bars, preferably still mounted on a portable frame in the back of a operator, and said hydraulic unit being preferably connected by a single hose (8i) to a single acting hydraulic cylinder (4), more preferably by means of a handle (8 ₂ ) allowing the opening control and closing the supply valves and hydraulic fluid return of said single acting hydraulic cylinder. 10. A method for exerting a thrust preferably of at least 50 kN on a pulling door, characterized in that a device according to one of claims 1 to 9 is used and the steps are carried out in which: 1) said front flat portion (12a) is inserted into a slot (3a) between the upper end of the door (3) and the frame (2) of the door, in maximum depression until the base ( 12b-2) of said elevated portion (12b) abuts against the frame (2) of the door where a molding (9a) vis-à-vis the frame (2) of the door, and 2) the jack (4) is arranged in inclination, preferably from 20 to 35 ° with respect to the vertical, with said intermediate sole (6) resting on said door or vertical flat surface (3), said jack (4) bearing on a lower external support point (1), preferably the ground, preferably via a said lower sole (5), and 3) the moving rod (4i) of said actuator is actuated in extension so as to exert a said thrust on said intermediate sole (6), until an increase of the inclination of said jack (4) by an angle of at least 3 °, preferably an increase of 5 to 20 °.