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EP2414666A1 - Bougie d'allumage à laser et module de préchambre - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage à laser et module de préchambre

Info

Publication number
EP2414666A1
EP2414666A1 EP10705374A EP10705374A EP2414666A1 EP 2414666 A1 EP2414666 A1 EP 2414666A1 EP 10705374 A EP10705374 A EP 10705374A EP 10705374 A EP10705374 A EP 10705374A EP 2414666 A1 EP2414666 A1 EP 2414666A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
spark plug
prechamber
chamber
laser spark
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10705374A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pascal Woerner
Manfred Vogel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2414666A1 publication Critical patent/EP2414666A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F02B19/18—Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser spark plug, in particular for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, with an antechamber and a laser device for irradiating laser pulses in the antechamber.
  • the laser device and / or the pre-chamber is adapted to focus the laser pulses on a focal point, which lies in the region of an inner surface of the prechamber.
  • Configuration advantageously allows a reliable ignition by laser pulses with relatively low pulse energy compared to conventional systems, because particularly favorable flow conditions prevail with low flow velocities in the region of the inner surface.
  • results from the inventive arrangement of the focal point a Particularly efficient combustion of the ignitable mixture contained in the prechamber, without a significant amount of unburned gas is expelled from the antechamber into the combustion chamber. This is the case in particular when the focal point lies in the region of the inner surface of a region of the prechamber facing the combustion chamber or in the area of the overflow bores.
  • the laser device is adapted to direct the laser pulses on the
  • the laser device can have a focusing optics whose focal length is matched to the geometry of the prechamber. According to Applicant's investigations, the plasma generation that takes place in this configuration can be directly on the surface of the prechamber material-in contrast to the plasma generation in the past
  • Pre-chamber gas - the laser energy required for the ignition are chosen to be particularly low.
  • Antechamber in the region of the focal point has a material accumulation. As a result, the material wear caused by the selection of the focal point according to the invention in the area of the focal point is prevented.
  • the antechamber in the region of the focal point has a sacrificial material, in particular with regard to the absorption capacity for the laser pulses and / or a melting temperature and / or other physical properties of the formation of the remaining Pre-chamber used material differs.
  • the usually metallic sacrificial material is preferably selected so that the generation of a metal plasma for the ignition of the prechamber gas is possible even with particularly low pulse energies of the laser pulses.
  • the shape and amount of the sacrificial material should be selected so that even under the continuous laser-induced erosion as possible favorable ignition conditions are ensured.
  • the pre-chamber itself has focusing means for focusing the laser pulses. This can advantageously be dispensed with, to provide the laser device with a corresponding focusing optics.
  • the laser device can be advantageously designed to irradiate the laser pulses substantially unfocused, in particular as a parallel beam, on the focusing of the antechamber. Even a slightly diverging beam is well possible.
  • the laser device it is also possible to focus the laser pulses by means of the laser device to a point which is outside the antechamber.
  • a laser pulse having a non-vanishing beam cross-section is incident on the pre-chamber focusing means which causes further focusing, for example, combined with reflection of the laser pulse.
  • a required with the laser device focusing optics with relatively large focal length can be made much easier with the same optical quality, as the focusing optics used in conventional laser spark plugs with much smaller focal length.
  • a particularly efficient focusing by the focusing means of the antechamber is given according to the invention when the focusing means arranged in the antechamber are designed as concave mirrors, for example as a parabolic mirror or as a cone gap.
  • the provision according to the invention of the focusing means integrated in the prechamber advantageously permits the selection of a focal point arranged directly in the region of an inner surface of the prechamber, which leads to a particularly favorable combustion within the prechamber. Especially with concave mirror configurations, extremely short focal focussing agents can be realized in the prechamber.
  • the antechamber of the laser spark plug according to the invention can be thermally very well connected to the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
  • One more increased heat dissipation from the area of the pre-chamber is given by the fact that the pre-chamber has a highly heat-conductive material, in particular copper and / or brass.
  • magnetic means can advantageously be provided in the region of the prechamber which bind magnetic particles formed during the laser ignition.
  • care must be taken to ensure efficient cooling in order to keep the area of the pre-chamber having the magnetic means below the Curie temperature of the magnetic means.
  • the magnet means may in particular comprise ring magnets and / or a plurality of individual magnets arranged circumferentially around a longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug, which are designed in particular as rare earth magnets (eg neodymium, samarium cobalt) which may have Curie temperatures> 400 ° C.
  • rare earth magnets eg neodymium, samarium cobalt
  • the magnetic means according to the invention also serve to deflect electrically charged particles, for example ions from the combustion, away from the combustion chamber window.
  • Vortropmodul for a laser spark plug according to claims 1 1 and 12 indicated.
  • the pre-chamber module according to the invention can be provided as a separate component and, for example, during a manufacturing process insoluble with the rest
  • the pre-chamber module according to the invention can also be designed releasably connectable to the laser spark plug, for example by means of a corresponding screw connection.
  • 1 shows a laser-based ignition system for an internal combustion engine of a
  • FIG. 2 a shows an enlarged view of a combustion chamber-facing end region of the laser spark plug according to the invention from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 2b shows a partial view of a further embodiment of a laser spark plug according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the laser spark plug according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows yet another embodiment of the laser spark plug according to the invention, in which the pre-chamber is provided with focusing means for focusing the pre-chamber
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the laser spark plug according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a laser-based ignition system for an internal combustion engine of a
  • the ignition system includes a pump light source 10 having, for example, a semiconductor diode laser for generating laser radiation for optically pumping a laser device.
  • the laser radiation generated by the pumping light source 10 is forwarded via an optical waveguide device 11 to a laser device 120 integrated in the laser spark plug 100 according to the invention.
  • the laser device 120 may, for example, be a laser-active solid with a passive Q-switching (not shown), with which laser pulses 20 of high power can be generated in a manner known per se.
  • the laser device 120 has a focusing optics 121 for focusing the laser pulses 20 onto a focal point FP arranged in the pre-chamber 110 of the laser spark plug 100.
  • a combustion chamber window 122 is between the focusing optics 121 and the prechamber
  • FIG. 2 a shows an end region of the laser spark plug 100 according to the invention facing the combustion chamber in an enlarged view.
  • the laser device 120, 121 (FIG. 1) according to the invention is designed such that it has the
  • Laser pulses 20 bundles on a focal point FP, which is located in the region of the inner surface 1 10a of the prechamber 1 10, in this case directly on the inner surface 1 10a.
  • a metal plasma 20a is advantageously produced according to the invention, which serves to ignite an air / fuel mixture present in the prechamber 110.
  • the costs for the laser device 120 can be reduced, and on the other hand the service life of the laser spark plug 100 according to the invention is increased.
  • the pre-chamber 1 10 of the laser spark plug 100 has overflow channels 125, which in a conventional manner, a fluid connection between the pre-chamber 1 10 and the
  • Produce combustion chamber 200 ( Figure 1).
  • the arrangement, geometry and number of overflow channels 125 is variable and can be adapted by flow simulations to the needs of the respective internal combustion engine.
  • the prechamber 110 it may be advantageous for the prechamber 110 to have a central overflow channel 125 ', cf. FIG. 2b.
  • the laser device 120 (FIG. 1) of the laser spark plug 100 may advantageously be designed so that the focal point FP is desaxial with respect to the optical axis A of the laser spark plug 10, as shown in FIG Start leaching in a flow area with relatively low flow velocities.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the laser spark plug 100 according to the invention, in which a sacrificial material 11 is provided in the area of the focus point FP, which is in particular with regard to its absorption capacity for the laser pulses 20 and / or a melting temperature and / or further physical properties the remaining pre-chamber 1 10 used material differs.
  • a material accumulation 11 1 of the pre-chamber 110 forming material for example by a local increase in the wall thickness.
  • the material removal caused by the laser-induced erosion is counteracted, which has a positive effect on the service life of the pre-chamber 110 or the entire laser spark plug 100.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further very advantageous embodiment of the laser spark plug 100 according to the invention, in which focusing means formed as a concave mirror 15 are arranged directly in the prechamber 110.
  • the laser device 120 (FIG. 1) irradiates the laser pulses 20 substantially unfocused, in particular as a parallel beam, onto the focusing means 15.
  • the geometry of the concave mirror 1 15 can advantageously be achieved a very small focal length for the concave mirror 115, so that the present case fixed by the pre-chamber 1 10 focus point FP comparable to the variants of the invention described above, although not directly on the surface 110 a - but in the region of the inner surface of a combustion chamber facing end portion of the pre-chamber 110 is located.
  • the concave mirror 1 15 may preferably have a parabolic cross-sectional shape or be formed as a simple cone gap, whereby a production is simplified.
  • the laser pulses 20 by means of the laser device 120, 121 to a virtual focal point FP ', which is outside the pre-chamber 1 10.
  • the laser pulse 20 with a non-vanishing beam cross-section impinges on the focusing means 115 of the antechamber 110, which causes a further focusing combined with a reflection of the laser pulse 20 to the "internal" focus point FP
  • a focusing optics 121 required for this purpose in the laser device 120 is relatively large This makes it possible, for example, to dispense with the use of aspherical focusing lenses in the laser device 120, which considerably reduces the manufacturing costs.
  • FIG. 1 Another very advantageous embodiment of the laser spark plug 100 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 in this variant of the invention.
  • Magnetic means 130 provided in the first chamber 110 the magnetic particles released during laser ignition and thus bind or bind, in the case of electrically charged particles, the particles so that they do not reach the window, which advantageously reduces contamination of the combustion chamber window 122 becomes.
  • the magnet means 130 may in particular comprise ring magnets and / or a plurality of individual magnets arranged circumferentially around a longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug 100, which are designed in particular as rare earth magnets (eg neodymium, samarium cobalt) which may have Curie temperatures> 400 ° C.
  • rare earth magnets eg neodymium, samarium cobalt
  • Electromagnet is also conceivable, if the laser spark plug 100 has corresponding control lines. It is also conceivable to design and arrange the magnetic means 130 in such a way that they can influence the shaping and movement of the ignition plasma 20a in addition to the function of particle binding, possibly together with the flow-shaping overflow channels 125. A particularly efficient heat dissipation from the pre-chamber 1 10 results on the one hand by a one-piece design of the prechamber 110 with the laser spark plug 100.
  • prechamber 1 10 it is also conceivable to realize the prechamber 1 10 according to the invention by means of a prechamber module 110 formed as a separate component.
  • the separate pre-chamber module 110 may likewise have the material accumulation 11 according to the invention or a sacrificial material suitable for laser ignition. It is also possible that an antechamber module 110 according to the invention is as described above with reference to FIG.
  • the prechamber module 110 which is designed as a separate component, can be permanently connected to the rest of the laser spark plug 100 during a manufacturing process, for example.
  • the prechamber module 110 according to the invention can also be detachably designed to be connectable to the laser spark plug 100, for example by means of a corresponding screw connection.
  • the laser spark plug 100 according to the invention or the inventive
  • Pre-chamber module 110 can be used advantageously in internal combustion engines of motor vehicles or even in stationary large-scale gas engines.
  • a temporal multi-pulse ignition in which a plurality of laser pulses 20 are emitted within an ignition cycle, can also be realized by the invention.
  • the inventive arrangement of the focal point FP in the region of the inner surface 110a, in particular in a combustion chamber facing end portion of the pre-chamber 1 10, allows optimal ignition of arranged in the main combustion chamber 200 air / fuel mixture, resulting in an overall better combustion and thus a larger power of the internal combustion engine and / or lower emissions.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une bougie d'allumage à laser (100), en particulier pour une machine à combustion interne d'un véhicule automobile, comprenant une préchambre (110) et un dispositif à laser (120) destiné à envoyer des impulsions laser (20) dans la préchambre (110). Selon l'invention, le dispositif à laser (120) et/ou la préchambre (110) sont conçus pour focaliser les impulsions laser (20) sur un point focal (FP) qui se situe au niveau d'une surface intérieure (110a) de la préchambre (110).
EP10705374A 2009-04-03 2010-02-25 Bougie d'allumage à laser et module de préchambre Withdrawn EP2414666A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009002167A DE102009002167A1 (de) 2009-04-03 2009-04-03 Laserzündkerze und Vorkammermodul hierfür
PCT/EP2010/052395 WO2010112279A1 (fr) 2009-04-03 2010-02-25 Bougie d'allumage à laser et module de préchambre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2414666A1 true EP2414666A1 (fr) 2012-02-08

Family

ID=42199125

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10705374A Withdrawn EP2414666A1 (fr) 2009-04-03 2010-02-25 Bougie d'allumage à laser et module de préchambre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20120060791A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2414666A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009002167A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010112279A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009047019A1 (de) 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze
DE102009047021A1 (de) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze
DE102010003899A1 (de) * 2010-04-13 2011-10-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze mit einer Vorkammer
DE102010029382A1 (de) * 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserinduzierte Fremdzündung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
AT510869B1 (de) 2010-12-27 2013-04-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg Brennkraftmaschine
CN102062037B (zh) * 2011-01-18 2012-07-11 天津大学 可变焦距的发动机激光点火装置
DE102011079017A1 (de) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Laserzündkerze
CN106796031B (zh) 2014-08-18 2022-07-08 伍德沃德有限公司 火炬式点火器
US20160348569A1 (en) 2015-05-28 2016-12-01 Caterpillar Inc. Combustion Pre-Chamber and Method for Operating Same
US9593633B1 (en) 2015-09-16 2017-03-14 Caterpillar Inc. Combustion pre-chamber and method for operating same
US10018104B2 (en) * 2016-11-14 2018-07-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Combustion ignition device for an internal combustion engine
EP3514346A1 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2019-07-24 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Dispositif d'allumage et moteur à combustion interne
JP7183692B2 (ja) * 2018-01-23 2022-12-06 株式会社リコー 点火装置及び内燃機関
US11421601B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2022-08-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter
EP4168661A1 (fr) 2020-06-23 2023-04-26 Woodward, Inc. Système d'allumage pour moteur de génération d'énergie

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GB9620318D0 (en) * 1996-09-30 1996-11-13 Bebich Matthew New ignition system and related engine components
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FR2873763B1 (fr) * 2004-07-29 2009-06-12 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne et moteur comportant un tel dispositif
JP2006132492A (ja) * 2004-11-09 2006-05-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd レーザ光透過プリズムを備えたレーザ着火式エンジン
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120060791A1 (en) 2012-03-15
DE102009002167A1 (de) 2010-10-14
WO2010112279A1 (fr) 2010-10-07

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