EP2496382A1 - Method for grinding the main and pin bearings of a crankshaft by means of external cylindrical grinding and grinding machine for performing said method - Google Patents
Method for grinding the main and pin bearings of a crankshaft by means of external cylindrical grinding and grinding machine for performing said methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP2496382A1 EP2496382A1 EP10776322A EP10776322A EP2496382A1 EP 2496382 A1 EP2496382 A1 EP 2496382A1 EP 10776322 A EP10776322 A EP 10776322A EP 10776322 A EP10776322 A EP 10776322A EP 2496382 A1 EP2496382 A1 EP 2496382A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- crankshaft
- grinding
- clamping
- chuck
- support members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0023—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines with a plurality of working posts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
- B24B5/421—Supports therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/061—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for grinding the main and stroke bearings of a crankshaft by external cylindrical grinding in a grinding machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a grinding machine for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 8.
- a method and a grinding machine of the type mentioned are known from
- the crankshaft must be clamped with a precisely defined axis of rotation, namely its determining geometric longitudinal axis, which is the decisive reference axis for all main bearings in terms of diameter, roundness, concentricity and centricity.
- This determining geometric longitudinal axis must also be available as a reference axis for machining the stroke bearings.
- the main bearings of the crankshaft are finally ground.
- the method known from EP 1 181 132 B1 has the advantage that all grinding operations can be carried out in a single setting.
- the cylindrical peripheral surfaces of the crankshaft are mainly processed by turning, drilling or whirl milling, so in a still unground state.
- the crankshaft is mounted in shell chucks, which are advantageously attached to end cylindrical sections or to the two outer main bearings of the crankshaft.
- the crankshaft does not rotate about its determining geometric longitudinal axis when grinding the stroke bearings, but about a different axis of rotation, which is given by the raw contour of the crankshaft at the clamping points.
- the grinding of the rod bearings must be done anyway by CNC-controlled external cylindrical grinding in Pendelhub- grinding method, a corresponding correction in the computer of the grinding machine is made according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1.
- crankshaft must be measured exactly before grinding. If the deviations of the actual axis of rotation from the determining geometric longitudinal axis of the crankshaft are known, this can be calculated and taken into account in CNC grinding. As a result, after grinding in the first grinding station, a crankshaft with still unprocessed main bearings is present, but its rod bearings are ground as if the crankshaft had been rotated about the exact, determining geometric longitudinal axis. Only in the second grinding station, according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1, is the crankshaft tensioned between tips, which penetrate into the usual centering bores in the end faces of the crankshaft. These centering holes are made by the manufacturer of the crankshaft before grinding the rod bearings and determine the determining geometric longitudinal axis of each crankshaft.
- the crankshaft to be ground in a first clamping is brought into conformity with the axis of rotation of the associated workpiece rotary drive.
- two located on the chuck of the associated rotary drive movable in a radial plane support members are employed at this clamping point and locked in this position with each other to form a support in the manner of a prism, which is fixed to the chuck operationally.
- the property of the prismatic support follows from the necessarily V-shaped position of the support members to each other.
- One of the support members radially opposite clamping member is then preferably made hydraulically to the crankshaft and presses the crankshaft against the support, which is given by the two fixedly locked support members.
- the support members and the clamping member have to cause especially the rotary drive of the crankshaft during grinding; because the clamping position of the crankshaft is determined by the tips of the rotary drive.
- there is a particularly dimensionally stable clamping by the firm locking of the support members there is also a stiffening and supporting effect for the crankshaft during grinding. As a result, a particular accuracy of the grinding result is achieved, even if the deformations of the crankshafts during grinding of the stroke bearings are still unavoidable.
- the second clamping is maintained according to the known method according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1.
- the crankshaft between the tips is usually stretched and rotated by a compensating chuck in rotation, the jaws are all compensated among themselves.
- the reason for this is that as far as possible all the main bearings in the second set-up should be ground simultaneously or one after the other, and therefore the clamping points must be placed farther outwards, as usual, on a pin and / or flange.
- the resulting low bending stiffness in the crankshaft usually requires the attachment of a steady rest, so that a total of the second setting is a different operation.
- the claims 2 to 5 show measures on how the clamping of the crankshaft in the first clamping (the first grinding station), the coincidence of the determining geometric crankshaft longitudinal axis is achieved with the axis of rotation of the workpiece rotary drive.
- the claim 6 prescribes the procedure when introducing the crankshaft in the first clamping of the grinding machine.
- the crankshaft is first deposited on ratchet, which are fixed to the chuck, and then brought from the tips of the workpiece headstock and the tailstock in a combined adjustment and lifting movement in the stable coincidence of the two determining axes.
- Claim 7 emphasizes reinforcing and essential that the support members in the chuck are radially movable independently of each other and automatically adjust under the action of a uniformly acting on both hydraulic fluid to the clamping of the crankshaft.
- the claims 10 to 16 are directed to advantageous structural details of this grinding machine.
- Claim 16 stipulates that the grinding machine according to the present invention also retains the division into two different fixtures and thus into two grinding stations, wherein the design of the second grinding station according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 is maintained.
- FIG. 1 shows a top view of a grinding machine for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned side view of a crankshaft with a chuck and explains a first way to clamp the crankshaft during grinding of the stroke bearings.
- FIG. 2 a shows an enlarged view of details from FIG. 2.
- Fig. 3 is a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 with a further possibility for
- FIG. 4 shows a section along the line B-B in FIG. 2.
- Fig. 5 is a partial section along the line A-A in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a top view of a grinding machine to be ground with the crankshafts 1 according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is shown as an example, the side view of a conventional four-cylinder crankshaft 1 with an associated chuck 43, which is located on a workpiece spindle head 26.
- the crankshaft 1 has cheeks 2, inner main bearing 3 and outer main bearing 4 and 5 lift bearings.
- the left end of the illustrated crankshaft 1 ends in a flange 6 and the right end in a pin 7.
- the crankshaft 1 has a determining geometric longitudinal axis 10, which is the center line of all centered parts of the crankshaft 1 such as main bearing 3, 4, flange 6 and pin 7 forms and is also relevant for all operations of cylindrical grinding.
- the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 is already marked by the manufacturer of the crankshaft blank, usually by centering holes 8 and 9, which are mounted in the two end faces of the crankshaft 1.
- the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 is thus available when grinding the crankshaft 1 as a connecting line between the two centering holes 8, 9.
- the machine used for grinding such a crankshaft 1 can be described in its entirety with reference to the schematic overview drawing according to FIG. 1, because the individual assemblies and elements are generally familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- the grinding machine forms a grinding cell 21, which comprises a first grinding station 22 and a second grinding station 23.
- the first grinding station 22 is used exclusively for grinding the stroke bearings 5, while in the second grinding station 23 only the main bearings 3 and 4 are ground.
- the flow direction of the crankshafts 1 when passing through the grinding cell is indicated by the arrow 20;
- the stroke bearings 5 are pre-ground and finished in front of the main bearings 3 and 4.
- the two grinding stations 22, 23 are arranged on a common machine bed 24.
- the machine bed 24 also includes a machine table 25.
- To the first grinding station 22 includes a workpiece headstock 26 and a tailstock 27, both of which can be driven synchronously synchronously.
- a crankshaft 1 is clamped between the workpiece headstock 26 and the tailstock 27.
- the cross slide 29 as a whole is in the feed direction 33, ie perpendicular to the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the clamped crankshaft 1 movable; the grinding spindles 30 located thereon can be moved individually or together on the cross slide 29 in the direction 34, ie parallel to the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10.
- the distance between the grinding spindles 30 in the direction 34 can be changed. In this way, all the usual operations for grinding the stroke bearing 5 can be carried out, as is known with and without CNC control.
- To the second grinding station 23 also includes a workpiece headstock 36 and a tailstock 37, between which a crankshaft 1 is clamped and driven for rotation.
- a cross slide 38 belonging to the second grinding station 23 carries on a common driven axle 39 a multiple grinding wheel set with grinding wheels 40, which are delivered together when grinding the main bearings 3, 4 against the main bearings 3, 4.
- the multiple pulley set can also be moved in the direction 34.
- the clamping and driving devices of the two workpiece headstocks 26, 36 and the two tailstocks 27, 37 lie in a common longitudinal axis 32.
- the longitudinal axis 32 is at the same time the axis of rotation (C-axis) of the crankshafts 1 during grinding.
- C-axis axis of rotation
- the conical end contour of the tips engages in the center holes 8 and 9 at the ends of the crankshaft 1, and thus is the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the crankshaft 1 in coincidence with the common longitudinal axis 32 of workpiece headstock 36 and tailstock 37, at the same time the axis of rotation of the crankshaft 1 during grinding.
- the clamped between the tips of the crankshaft 1 is driven by a drive with compensation chuck for rotation.
- a group of at least two clamping jaws is preferably actuated hydraulically, wherein all the clamping jaws are connected to the same supply line of the hydraulic fluid and employed in the radial direction to a part of the crankshaft 1, which is in the common longitudinal extension of the main bearings 3, 4.
- clamping points are particularly the flange 6 or the pin 7 in question, because it exposes all main bearings for grinding.
- the outer contour of the clamping points need not be exactly centrally symmetrical to the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the crankshaft 1; it may rather be an unpolished rough contour; because the clamping between the tips ensures that the crankshaft 1 is rotated in each case about its determining geometric longitudinal axis 10.
- the clamping jaws of the compensation chuck are individually movable individually, they can balance out with one another via the hydraulic pressure medium. Thus, each jaw is employed with the same force to the clamping point of the crankshaft 1.
- the jaws cause only borrowed the rotating entrainment of the crankshaft 1; but since they are employed compensatory yielding, they can exercise no or only a small stiffening clamping action on the crankshaft 1 and a bending of the crankshaft 1 during grinding not counteract. To avoid errors in terms of diameter, roundness, concentricity and centricity, it is therefore imperative when grinding the main bearings 3, 4 in the second tensioning station 23 to support the crankshaft 1 in its middle length range by a steady rest.
- FIGS 5 the crankshaft 1 is clamped in a manner different from the prior art according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 and driven for rotation, as shown by way of example and largely schematically in FIGS 5 is shown.
- the sectional view in the left-hand area of FIG. 2 corresponds to the section line CMC in FIG. 4, where M is the midpoint of the crankshaft cross section on the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10.
- Figures 2 and 2a show the chuck 43 of a workpiece headstock 26 in which a tip 52 is axially displaceable.
- the front, the crankshaft 1 facing the end of the tip 52 is formed as a conical end contour 52a, thereby facilitating the insertion into the associated center hole 8 of the crank Shaft 1.
- the tailstock 27 may also be formed with a chuck 43 of this type, cf. in Fig. 3, the tip 53 with the conical final contour and the associated center hole 9.
- a U-shaped pocket 1 1 is formed, which according to Figures 2, 2a and 3 for the flange 6 of the crankshaft 1 and the pin 7 is exposed.
- the crankshaft 1 is shown in FIGS.
- two axial slide 14 are further provided, which are axially displaceable under the action of a hydraulic fluid according to the double arrow 15.
- the two axial slide 14 With respect to the axis of rotation 32 of the chuck 43, the two axial slide 14 are arranged offset by an angle of about 60 to 120 degrees V-shaped to each other, as can be concluded from Fig. 4.
- the end faces of the axial slide 14 are arranged behind the also V-shaped arranged support members 12, which also have the function of jaws and are radially displaceable with respect to the axis of rotation 32, see.
- the double arrow 13 Each axial slide 14 is connected via inclined surfaces in operative connection with a radial slide 57 which is mounted displaceably in the radial direction in the chuck 43.
- Each radial slide 57 is again screwed to a support member 12 which protrudes from the chuck 43.
- Each radial slide 57 forms with its support member 12 a functional unit; the split design makes it easy to replace the support member 12 when the crankshaft 1 is to be clamped at a clamping point with a different diameter.
- the two axial slide 14 can be moved axially in two opposite directions by a uniformly acting on both of them, connected to the same supply line hydraulic fluid.
- the radial slide 57 are moved inwardly in the direction of the axis of rotation 32 via the inclined surfaces in contact with each other.
- the bearing members 12 bolted to the radial slides 57 also move in the same direction and come into abutment with the clamping point of the crankshaft 1, in the case of FIG. 2 on the left main bearing 4.
- opposite movement of the axial slide 14 wander the support members 12 again radially outward.
- the contact pressure of the support members 12 can be controlled by various pressure controls in the hydraulic circuit.
- Parallel to the axial slides 14 are offset radially inwardly two locking pins 16 are provided in axially extending bores 18 which are arranged at the same angle with respect to the axis of rotation 32, cf. the sectional view of FIG. 5.
- the locking pins 16 can be moved controlled in two opposite directions 17, see. the double arrow 17. In its activated position engages a locking pin 16 with its conical front end in a trapezoidal groove 19, which is located in the longitudinal and displacement direction of the associated radial slide 57. The radial slide 57 is then clamped in a desired position.
- the locking pins 16 can be activated and reset by mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or pneumatic means, with different means of activation and recovery being possible, such as activation by hydraulic means and spring return.
- the same adjustment options also exist for the axial slide 14th
- a pivotable clamping member 44 in the form of a pivoting arm is provided on the side of the chuck 43 opposite the support members 12. Its pivot axis is designated 55 and its action end 56.
- Fig. 4 shows in solid lines the clamping position of the clamping member 44, while the release position is shown in dashed lines. The dimensions and installation conditions are chosen so that the active end 56 of the clamping member 44 rests upon activation at a location of the crankshaft 1, which lies on the extended bisecting line between the support members 12. For the activation of the clamping member 44, the same means come into question as for the locking pins sixteenth
- the crankshaft 1 to be ground is made of steel or cast materials, may be cast or forged, and is in the unpolished raw state; It is machined, that is mainly pre-machined by turning, drilling or milling.
- the crankshaft 1 is first moved by a transport device into the first grinding station 22 and clamped there between the workpiece headstock 26 and the tailstock 27. It is shown an embodiment in which the workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27 are both equipped with chucks 43 corresponding to Figures 2 to 5, see. Fig. 3.
- each of the chuck 43 is provided with a tip 52, 53.
- the workpiece headstock 26 and the tailstock 27 are set to an axial distance corresponding to the length dimension of the crankshaft 1 with the tips 52, 53 drawn in axially inward.
- the axes of rotation of the chuck 43 are moved to a position in which the support members 12 and the locking shoulders 14 are in their lower position.
- the crankshaft 1 is lowered in a horizontal position, preferably from above between the workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27 and comes to rest on the locking shoulders 54, which together form a prism which is stationary with respect to the chuck 43.
- the crankshaft 1 with the flange 6 rests on the latching sleeve 54 of the workpiece headstock 26 and with the pin 7 on the latching shoulders 54 of the tailstock 27.
- the radial distance between the located in the axis of rotation 32 tips 52, 53 and the locking shoulders 54 is selected such that the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the crankshaft 1 is slightly lower than the common axis of rotation of workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27. Thereafter stand the tips 52, 53 opposite the centering holes 8, 9 within their opening widths.
- the support members 12 of the two chucks 43 are at this time with a distance below the two outer main bearings.
- crankshaft 1 Since the crankshaft 1 rests with its rough rough contour on the locking shoulders 54 of the chuck, in this phase of clamping the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the crankshaft 1 is not sufficiently accurate parallel to the common axis of rotation 32 of workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27 run. The correction will be done in the next phase.
- the two tips 52, 53 are extended for this purpose and penetrate into the centering holes 8, 9, which is made possible by the conical end contours 52a, 53a of the tips 52, 53.
- the tips 52, 53 come to rest on the inner walls of the centering holes 8, 9 and exert on the crankshaft 1 a lifting and adjusting action.
- the position of the crankshaft 1 is thus corrected in height and laterally.
- the crankshaft 1 is lifted off the detent shoes 54, and its defining longitudinal geometric axis 10 extends exactly in the common rotary axle 2 of the workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27 (state of coincidence).
- the support members 12 of the two chucks 43 are in this phase still at a distance below the outer main bearing 4. The distance, however, is so small that it can not be expressed to scale in the figures.
- the support members 12 are moved up to the two outer main bearing 4. Since the support members 12 can compensate each other automatically their position, results for the two support members 12 of a chuck when applied to the crankshaft 1, the same contact pressure, even if the position of the support members 12 - due to the rough contour of the outer main bearing 4 - this differs from each other.
- the size of the contact force is chosen so that it supports the clamping of the crankshaft 1 in the tips 52, 53, but not at risk and for the later function of the support members 12 as jaws when turning the crankshaft 1 is sufficient.
- the locking pins 16 are actuated in both chucks 43, which enter into the longitudinal grooves 19 located on the radial slide 57 and lock the radial slide 57 together with the associated support member 12 in the contact position.
- crankshaft 1 during insertion into the grinding station 22 could also deposit the same on the underlying support members 12 before their approach to the crankshaft.
- the stationary latching shoulders 54 would then be dispensable. However, it is considered more reliable to let the transport process to stationary latching shoulders 54 end and relieve the movable support members 12 so far from the task of Erstablage.
- the two support members on each chuck 43 act in this state only as a fixed support prism, which supports the clamping of the stationary crankshaft 1 in the tips 52, 53.
- the pivotable clamping member 44 is transferred from its release position into the clamping position, see. Fig. 4.
- the pivotable clamping member 44 and the two support members 12 now take over the function of jaws, which must ensure the rotational drive and the support of the crankshaft 1. Since the action end 56 of the clamping member 44 approximately on the straight line of the bisecting see between the Auflageliedem 12, see. 4, the attack of the driving forces on the circumference of the outer main bearing 4 is largely uniform.
- the support members 12 remain firmly locked to the chuck 43 during rotation of the crankshaft 1 during the sliding and reliably absorb the force exerted by the pivotable clamping member 44, without the coincidence of the determining longitudinal crankshaft axis 10 caused by the tips 52, 53 is endangered with the axis of rotation 12.
- the crankshaft 1 is clamped exactly running after this longitudinal axis 10 and can not be pushed out of the center. In support of this, the crankshaft 1 is clamped in the first grinding station 22 to the outer main bearings 4. These form the farthest inward, to the central longitudinal region of the crankshaft 1 out towards clamping points in which all the lift bearings 5 can be pre-ground and finish in one clamping.
- crankshaft 1 The free length of the crankshaft 1 between the clamping points is the lowest; this leads, in conjunction with the support members 12 firmly locked in the manner of a prism, to the crankshaft 1 not flexing under the pressure of the grinding wheels. It can therefore be dispensed with the attachment of a bezel. With a smaller number of stroke bearings, for example two or three, thus a shorter crankshaft or with lower demands on the grinding accuracy, it is basically possible in the first grinding station 22 to clamp the crankshaft 1 on the flange and / or on the journal and the grinding in the same way as described.
- crankshaft 1 When the stroke bearings 5 are finish ground, the crankshaft 1 must still be transferred to the second grinding station 23, in which the second clamping is performed. Since all main bearings 3, 4 should be roughed and ground as simultaneously as possible, the clamping can only be carried out at the outer ends of the crankshaft 1. In the second grinding station 23, therefore, the clamping jaws of the compensating chuck must be able to individually dodge automatically when the crankshaft 1 rotates. The secure hold of the crankshaft 1 between the tips of the workpiece headstock 36 and tailstock 37 is thus not guaranteed in each case, so that the application of a steady rest in the central region of the crankshaft 1 in any case is advantageous.
- Workpiece headstock (first grinding station)
- Tailstock (first grinding station)
- Tailstock (second grinding station)
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
VERFAHREN ZUM SCHLEIFEN DER HAUPT- UND HUBLAGER EINER KURBELWELLE DURCH AUSSENRUNDSCHLEIFEN UND SCHLEIFMASCHINE ZUM DURCHFÜHREN DES VERFAHRENS METHOD FOR GRINDING THE MAIN AND LIFTING BEARINGS OF A CRANKSHAFT THROUGH EXTERNAL ROUND GRINDING AND GRINDING MACHINE TO PERFORM THE PROCESS
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Schleifen der Haupt- und Hublager einer Kurbelwelle durch Außenrundschleifen in einer Schleifmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine Schleifmaschine zum Durchführen des Verfahrens gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 8. Ein Verfahren und eine Schleifmaschine der genannten Art sind aus der The invention relates to a method for grinding the main and stroke bearings of a crankshaft by external cylindrical grinding in a grinding machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a grinding machine for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 8. A method and a grinding machine of the type mentioned are known from
DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 bekannt. DE 10 2008 007 175 A1.
Schon vorher war es gemäß der EP 1 181 132 B1 vorgeschlagen worden, beim Außenrund- schleifen der Haupt- und Hublager einer Kurbelwelle die Hublager vor den Hauptlagern fertig zu schleifen. Dieser Vorschlag beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass die erheblichen Verformungen der Kurbelwelle beim Schleifen der Hublager zumindest teilweise beim anschließenden Fertigschleifen der Hauptlager wieder beseitigt werden können. Allerdings war man dabei davon ausgegangen, dass das Vorschleifen der Hauptlager noch vor dem Schleifen der Hublager erfolgen müs- se. Gemäß der EP 1 181 132 B1 muss daher zunächst ein Lünettensitz an ein Hauptlager der Kurbelwelle angeschliffen werden, damit die Hauptlager mit der erforderlichen Genauigkeit vorgeschliffen werden können. Hierzu muss die Kurbelwelle mit einer genau definierten Drehachse, nämlich ihrer bestimmenden geometrischen Längsachse eingespannt sein, die für alle Hauptlager hinsichtlich Durchmesser, Rundheit, Rundlauf und Zentrizität die bestimmende Bezugsach- se ist. Diese bestimmende geometrische Längsachse muss auch als Bezugsachse für die Bearbeitung der Hublager zur Verfügung stehen. Nach dem Vor- und Fertigschleifen der Hublager werden zuletzt die Hauptlager der Kurbelwelle fertig geschliffen. Das aus der EP 1 181 132 B1 bekannte Verfahren hat den Vorteil, dass sämtliche Schleifvorgänge in einer einzigen Aufspannung vorgenommen werden können. Prior to this it had been proposed according to EP 1 181 132 B1 to finish the stroke bearings in front of the main bearings when grinding the outer and outer bearings of a crankshaft. This proposal is based on the finding that the considerable deformations of the crankshaft during grinding of the crank bearings can be at least partially eliminated during the subsequent finish grinding of the main bearing again. However, it was assumed that the pre-grinding of the main bearings must be carried out before grinding the stroke bearings. According to EP 1 181 132 B1, therefore, a steady seat must first be ground to a main bearing of the crankshaft, so that the main bearings with the required accuracy can be pre-ground. For this purpose, the crankshaft must be clamped with a precisely defined axis of rotation, namely its determining geometric longitudinal axis, which is the decisive reference axis for all main bearings in terms of diameter, roundness, concentricity and centricity. This determining geometric longitudinal axis must also be available as a reference axis for machining the stroke bearings. After pre-grinding and finishing of the stroke bearings, the main bearings of the crankshaft are finally ground. The method known from EP 1 181 132 B1 has the advantage that all grinding operations can be carried out in a single setting.
Die durch das Einspannen und Abstützen der Kurbelwelle beim Schleifen sich ergebenden Zwänge haben allerdings die Gefahr anderer Verformungen mit sich gebracht, wie das in der DE 10 2008 007 75 A1 ausführlich beschrieben ist. Zur Abhilfe wird gemäß dieser Entgegenhaltung daher vorgeschlagen, das Schleifen der Kurbelwelle in einer einzigen Aufspannung auf- zugeben. Vielmehr werden gemäß der DE 0 2008 007 175 A1 zwei Schleifstationen vorgesehen, die sich innerhalb einer einzigen Schleifmaschine befinden können. Zuerst werden in der ersten Schleifstation die Hublager vor- und fertiggeschliffen. Anschließend wird die Kurbelwelle in die zweite Schleifstation überführt, in der die Hauptlager vor- und fertiggeschliffen werden. Das Besondere des bekannten Verfahrens besteht darin, dass die zu schleifende Kurbelwelle in den beiden Schleifstationen mit Ihrer lediglich spanend bearbeiteten Rohkontur eingespannt wird. Hierbei sind die zylindrischen Umfangsflächen der Kurbelwelle vor allem durch Drehen, Bohren oder Wirbelfräsen bearbeitet, also in einem noch ungeschliffenen Zustand. In der ersten Schleifstation wird dabei die Kurbelwelle in Schalenspannfuttern gelagert, welche vorteilhaft an endseitigen zylindrischen Abschnitten oder an den beiden äußeren Hauptlagern der Kurbelwelle angesetzt werden. Naturgemäß rotiert die Kurbelwelle beim Schleifen der Hublager dann nicht um ihre bestimmende geometrische Längsachse, sondern um eine davon abweichende Drehachse, die durch die Rohkontur der Kurbelwelle an den Einspannstellen gegeben ist. Da aber das Schleifen der Hublager ohnehin durch CNC-gesteuertes Außenrundschleifen im Pendelhub- Schleifverfahren erfolgen muss, wird gemäß der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 eine entsprechende Korrektur im Rechner der Schleifmaschine vorgenommen. Hierzu muss die Kurbelwelle vor dem Schleifen exakt vermessen sein. Wenn die Abweichungen der tatsächlichen Drehachse von der bestimmenden geometrischen Längsachse der Kurbelwelle bekannt sind, kann dies rechnerisch erfasst und beim CNC-Schleifen berücksichtigt werden. Im Ergebnis liegt nach dem Schleifen in der ersten Schleifstation dann eine Kurbelwelle mit noch unbearbeiteten Hauptlagern vor, deren Hublager aber so geschliffen sind, als wäre die Kurbelwelle um die exakte bestimmende geometrische Längsachse gedreht worden. Erst in der zweiten Schleifstation wird gemäß der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 die Kurbelwelle zwischen Spitzen gespannt, welche in die üblichen Zentrierbohrungen in den Endflächen der Kurbelwelle eindringen. Diese Zentrierbohrungen werden vom Hersteller der Kurbelwelle schon vor dem Schleifen der Hublager vorgenommen und legen die bestimmende geometrische Längsachse jeder Kurbelwelle fest. However, the constraints resulting from the clamping and supporting of the crankshaft during grinding have entailed the risk of other deformations, as described in detail in DE 10 2008 007 75 A1. As a remedy, it is therefore proposed according to this citation to give up the grinding of the crankshaft in a single clamping. Rather, according to DE 0 2008 007 175 A1, two grinding stations are provided which can be located within a single grinding machine. First, the stroke bearings are roughed and finished in the first grinding station. Subsequently, the crankshaft is transferred to the second grinding station, in which the main bearings are pre-ground and finished. The special feature of the known method is that the crankshaft to be ground in the two grinding stations is clamped with their only machined rough contour. Here, the cylindrical peripheral surfaces of the crankshaft are mainly processed by turning, drilling or whirl milling, so in a still unground state. In the first grinding station, the crankshaft is mounted in shell chucks, which are advantageously attached to end cylindrical sections or to the two outer main bearings of the crankshaft. Naturally, the crankshaft does not rotate about its determining geometric longitudinal axis when grinding the stroke bearings, but about a different axis of rotation, which is given by the raw contour of the crankshaft at the clamping points. However, since the grinding of the rod bearings must be done anyway by CNC-controlled external cylindrical grinding in Pendelhub- grinding method, a corresponding correction in the computer of the grinding machine is made according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1. For this purpose, the crankshaft must be measured exactly before grinding. If the deviations of the actual axis of rotation from the determining geometric longitudinal axis of the crankshaft are known, this can be calculated and taken into account in CNC grinding. As a result, after grinding in the first grinding station, a crankshaft with still unprocessed main bearings is present, but its rod bearings are ground as if the crankshaft had been rotated about the exact, determining geometric longitudinal axis. Only in the second grinding station, according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1, is the crankshaft tensioned between tips, which penetrate into the usual centering bores in the end faces of the crankshaft. These centering holes are made by the manufacturer of the crankshaft before grinding the rod bearings and determine the determining geometric longitudinal axis of each crankshaft.
Mit dem Verfahren gemäß der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 ist es gelungen, auf eine noch immer wirtschaftliche Weise zuerst sämtliche Hublager vor- und fertigzuschleifen und erst danach in einer geänderten Aufspannung die Hauptlager. Das Verfahren gemäß der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 bedeutet aber einen erheblichen Aufwand, weil für jede Kurbelwelle die sich beim Einspan- nen der Rohkontur an der Einspannstellen ergebende Lage der Drehachse gegenüber der bestimmenden geometrischen Längsachse exakt vermessen werden muss. Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, das bekannte Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zu vereinfachen, sodass mit erheblich verringertem Aufwand nach wie vor dieselbe hohe Genauigkeit des Schleifergebnisses erreicht wird. Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt mit einem Verfahren mit der Gesamtheit der Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 , das auf einer Schleifmaschine mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 9 durchgeführt wird. Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die zu schleifende Kurbelwelle in einer ersten Aufspannung in Übereinstimmung mit der Drehachse des zugehörigen Werkstück-Drehantriebs gebracht. Sodann werden zwei an dem Spannfutter des zugehörigen Drehantriebs befindliche, in einer Radialebene bewegliche Auflageglieder an diese Einspannstelle angestellt und in dieser Stellung miteinander zur Bildung einer Auflage nach Art eines Prismas verriegelt, das an dem Spannfutter betrieblich fest ist. Die Eigenschaft der prismatischen Auflage folgt aus der notwendigerweise V-förmigen Stellung der Auflageglieder zueinander. Ein den Auflagegliedern radial gegenüber liegendes Klemmglied wird sodann vorzugsweise hydraulisch an die Kurbelwelle angestellt und presst die Kurbelwelle gegen die Auflage, die durch die beiden fest miteinander verriegelten Auflageglieder gegeben ist. Die Auflageglieder und das Klemmglied haben zwar vor allem den Drehantrieb der Kurbelwelle beim Schleifen zu bewirken; denn die Einspannlage der Kurbelwelle ist durch die Spitzen des Drehantriebes bestimmt. Da aber durch die feste Verriegelung der Auflageglieder eine besonders formsteife Einspannung vorliegt, ergibt sich auch eine versteifende und abstützende Wirkung für die Kurbelwelle beim Schleifen. Dadurch kommt insgesamt eine besondere Genauigkeit des Schleifergebnisses zustande, auch wenn die Verfor- mungen der Kurbelwellen beim Schleifen der Hublager nach wie vor unvermeidlich sind. Auf das Ansetzen einer Lünette kann daher verzichtet werden. Mit der besonderen Art des Einspannens ist in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht, dass die Kurbelwelle schon beim Schleifen der Hublager um ihre bestimmende geometrische Längsachse rotiert. Auf den Umweg über eine rechnerische Festlegung beim CNC-Schleifen kann daher in vorteilhafter Weise verzichtet werden. With the method according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1, it has been possible, in a still economical manner, to first rough finish all stroke bearings and only then, in a modified set-up, the main bearings. However, the method according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 means a considerable effort, because for each crankshaft the position of the axis of rotation resulting from the clamping of the raw contour at the clamping points must be measured exactly relative to the determining geometric longitudinal axis. The present invention is therefore based on the object to simplify the known method according to the preamble of claim 1, so that with substantially reduced effort still the same high accuracy of the grinding result is achieved. The solution of this object is achieved by a method with the totality of the features of claim 1, which is carried out on a grinding machine with the features according to claim 9. According to the method according to the invention, the crankshaft to be ground in a first clamping is brought into conformity with the axis of rotation of the associated workpiece rotary drive. Then, two located on the chuck of the associated rotary drive, movable in a radial plane support members are employed at this clamping point and locked in this position with each other to form a support in the manner of a prism, which is fixed to the chuck operationally. The property of the prismatic support follows from the necessarily V-shaped position of the support members to each other. One of the support members radially opposite clamping member is then preferably made hydraulically to the crankshaft and presses the crankshaft against the support, which is given by the two fixedly locked support members. Although the support members and the clamping member have to cause especially the rotary drive of the crankshaft during grinding; because the clamping position of the crankshaft is determined by the tips of the rotary drive. However, since there is a particularly dimensionally stable clamping by the firm locking of the support members, there is also a stiffening and supporting effect for the crankshaft during grinding. As a result, a particular accuracy of the grinding result is achieved, even if the deformations of the crankshafts during grinding of the stroke bearings are still unavoidable. On the attachment of a steady rest can therefore be dispensed with. With the special type of clamping is achieved in an advantageous manner that the crankshaft rotates during grinding of the stroke bearing about its determining geometric longitudinal axis. On the detour via a mathematical definition in CNC grinding can therefore be dispensed with in an advantageous manner.
Für die zweite Spannstation wird die zweite Aufspannung gemäß dem bekannten Verfahren nach der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 beibehalten. Hier wird in der Regel die Kurbelwelle zwischen Spitzen gespannt und durch ein Ausgleich-Spannfutter in Drehung versetzt, dessen Spannbacken sämtlich untereinander ausgleichfähig sind. Der Grund dafür besteht darin, dass möglichst alle Hauptlager in der zweiten Aufspannung gleichzeitig oder auch nacheinander geschliffen werden sollen und die Einspannstellen daher weiter außen, wie üblich an einem Zapfen und/oder einem Flansch ansetzen müssen. Die sich dadurch ergebende geringe Biegesteifigkeit in der Kurbelwelle erfordert zumeist das Ansetzen einer Lünette, sodass insgesamt in der zweiten Aufspannung eine andere Arbeitsweise gegeben ist. For the second clamping station, the second clamping is maintained according to the known method according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1. Here, the crankshaft between the tips is usually stretched and rotated by a compensating chuck in rotation, the jaws are all compensated among themselves. The reason for this is that as far as possible all the main bearings in the second set-up should be ground simultaneously or one after the other, and therefore the clamping points must be placed farther outwards, as usual, on a pin and / or flange. The resulting low bending stiffness in the crankshaft usually requires the attachment of a steady rest, so that a total of the second setting is a different operation.
Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 8 aufgeführt. Die Ansprüche 2 bis 5 zeigen Maßnahmen auf wie beim Einspannen der Kurbelwelle in der ersten Aufspannung (der ersten Schleifstation) die Koinzidenz der bestimmenden geometrischen Kurbelwellen-Längsachse mit der Drehachse des Werkstück-Drehantriebs erzielt wird. Der Anspruch 6 schreibt die Vorgehensweise beim Einbringen der Kurbelwelle in die erste Aufspannung der Schleifmaschine vor. Die Kurbelwelle wird dabei zuerst auf Rastschultem abgelegt, die an dem Spannfutter fest sind, und danach von den Spitzen des Werkstück- Spindelstocks und des Reitstocks in einer kombinierten Verstell- und Hubbewegung in die stabile Koinzidenz der beiden bestimmenden Achsen gebracht. Further developments of the method according to the invention are listed in claims 2 to 8. The claims 2 to 5 show measures on how the clamping of the crankshaft in the first clamping (the first grinding station), the coincidence of the determining geometric crankshaft longitudinal axis is achieved with the axis of rotation of the workpiece rotary drive. The claim 6 prescribes the procedure when introducing the crankshaft in the first clamping of the grinding machine. The crankshaft is first deposited on ratchet, which are fixed to the chuck, and then brought from the tips of the workpiece headstock and the tailstock in a combined adjustment and lifting movement in the stable coincidence of the two determining axes.
Anspruch 7 hebt verstärkend und als wesentlich hervor, dass die Auflageglieder in dem Spannfutter unabhängig von einander radial beweglich sind und sich unter der Wirkung einer auf beide gleichmäßig einwirkenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit selbsttätig anpassend an die Einspannstelle der Kurbelwelle anstellen. Claim 7 emphasizes reinforcing and essential that the support members in the chuck are radially movable independently of each other and automatically adjust under the action of a uniformly acting on both hydraulic fluid to the clamping of the crankshaft.
Die Schleifmaschine zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist in dem Anspruch 9 angegeben. The grinding machine for carrying out the method according to the invention is specified in claim 9.
Die Ansprüche 10 bis 16 sind auf vorteilhafte konstruktive Einzelheiten dieser Schleifmaschine gerichtet. The claims 10 to 16 are directed to advantageous structural details of this grinding machine.
Mit dem Anspruch 16 wird festgeschrieben, dass auch die Schleifmaschine gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufteilung in zwei unterschiedliche Aufspannungen und damit in zwei Schleifstation beibehält, wobei die Ausgestaltung der zweiten Schleifstation gemäß der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 beibehalten wird. Claim 16 stipulates that the grinding machine according to the present invention also retains the division into two different fixtures and thus into two grinding stations, wherein the design of the second grinding station according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 is maintained.
Die Erfindung wird anschließend anhand eines in Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels noch näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen das Folgende: Fig. 1 zeigt in einer Darstellung von oben eine Schleifmaschine zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. The figures show the following: FIG. 1 shows a top view of a grinding machine for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Fig. 2 ist die teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer Kurbelwelle mit einem Spannfutter und erläutert eine erste Möglichkeit zum Einspannen der Kurbelwelle beim Schleifen der Hublager. Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned side view of a crankshaft with a chuck and explains a first way to clamp the crankshaft during grinding of the stroke bearings.
Fig. 2a zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung von Einzelheiten aus Fig. 2. Fig. 3 ist eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung mit einer weiteren Möglichkeit zum FIG. 2 a shows an enlarged view of details from FIG. 2. Fig. 3 is a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 with a further possibility for
Einspannen der Kurbelwelle beim Schleifen der Hublager. Clamping the crankshaft when grinding the stroke bearings.
Fig. 4 zeigt einen Schnitt längs der Linie B-B in Fig. 2. 4 shows a section along the line B-B in FIG. 2.
Fig. 5 ist ein Teilschnitt längs der Linie A-A in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a partial section along the line A-A in Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 zeigt beispielhaft eine Ansicht von oben auf eine Schleifmaschine, mit der Kurbelwellen 1 gemäß der Erfindung geschliffen werden sollen. In Fig. 2 ist als Beispiel die Seitenansicht einer üblichen Vier-Zylinder-Kurbelwelle 1 mit einem zugehörigen Spannfutter 43 dargestellt, das sich an einem Werkstück-Spindelkopf 26 befindet. Die Kurbelwelle 1 weist Wangen 2, innere Hauptlager 3 und äußere Hauptlager 4 sowie Hublager 5 auf. Das linke Ende der dargestellten Kurbelwelle 1 endet in einem Flansch 6 und das rechte Ende in einem Zapfen 7. Die Kurbelwelle 1 hat eine bestimmende geometrische Längsachse 10, welche die Mittellinie aller zentrierten Par- tien der Kurbelwelle 1 wie Hauptlager 3, 4, Flansch 6 und Zapfen 7 bildet und auch für alle Vorgänge des Rundschleifens maßgeblich ist. Die bestimmende geometrische Längsachse 10 wird schon vom Hersteller des Kurbelwellen-Rohlings markiert, in der Regel durch Zentrierbohrungen 8 und 9, die in den beiden Stirnseiten der Kurbelwelle 1 angebracht sind. Die bestimmende geometrische Längsachse 10 steht somit beim Schleifen der Kurbelwelle 1 als Verbindungsgerade zwischen den beiden Zentrierbohrungen 8, 9 zur Verfügung. Fig. 1 shows an example of a top view of a grinding machine to be ground with the crankshafts 1 according to the invention. In Fig. 2 is shown as an example, the side view of a conventional four-cylinder crankshaft 1 with an associated chuck 43, which is located on a workpiece spindle head 26. The crankshaft 1 has cheeks 2, inner main bearing 3 and outer main bearing 4 and 5 lift bearings. The left end of the illustrated crankshaft 1 ends in a flange 6 and the right end in a pin 7. The crankshaft 1 has a determining geometric longitudinal axis 10, which is the center line of all centered parts of the crankshaft 1 such as main bearing 3, 4, flange 6 and pin 7 forms and is also relevant for all operations of cylindrical grinding. The determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 is already marked by the manufacturer of the crankshaft blank, usually by centering holes 8 and 9, which are mounted in the two end faces of the crankshaft 1. The determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 is thus available when grinding the crankshaft 1 as a connecting line between the two centering holes 8, 9.
Die zum Schleifen einer derartigen Kurbelwelle 1 dienende Maschine kann in ihrer Gesamtheit anhand der schematischen Übersichtszeichnung gemäß der Fig. 1 beschrieben werden, weil die einzelnen Baugruppen und Elemente dem Fachmann grundsätzlich geläufig sind. Die Schleif- maschine bildet eine Schleifzelle 21 , die eine erste Schleifstation 22 und eine zweite Schleifstation 23 umfasst. Dabei dient die erste Schleifstation 22 ausschließlich zum Schleifen der Hublager 5, während in der zweiten Schleifstation 23 ausschließlich die Hauptlager 3 und 4 geschliffen werden. Die Flussrichtung der Kurbelwellen 1 beim Durchlaufen der Schleifzelle ist durch den Pfeil 20 angegeben; es werden also die Hublager 5 vor den Hauptlagern 3 und 4 vor- und fertiggeschliffen. Die beiden Schleifstationen 22, 23 sind auf einem gemeinsamen Maschinenbett 24 angeordnet. Das Maschinenbett 24 umfasst auch einen Maschinentisch 25. The machine used for grinding such a crankshaft 1 can be described in its entirety with reference to the schematic overview drawing according to FIG. 1, because the individual assemblies and elements are generally familiar to the person skilled in the art. The grinding machine forms a grinding cell 21, which comprises a first grinding station 22 and a second grinding station 23. The first grinding station 22 is used exclusively for grinding the stroke bearings 5, while in the second grinding station 23 only the main bearings 3 and 4 are ground. The flow direction of the crankshafts 1 when passing through the grinding cell is indicated by the arrow 20; Thus, the stroke bearings 5 are pre-ground and finished in front of the main bearings 3 and 4. The two grinding stations 22, 23 are arranged on a common machine bed 24. The machine bed 24 also includes a machine table 25.
Zu der ersten Schleifstation 22 gehören ein Werkstück-Spindelstock 26 und ein Reitstock 27, die beide elektromotorisch synchron angetrieben sein können. Eine Kurbelwelle 1 wird zwischen dem Werkstück-Spindelstock 26 und dem Reitstock 27 eingespannt. Ferner gehört zu der ersten Schleifstation 22 ein Kreuzschlitten 28 mit einem Schleifspindelstock 29, auf dem sich zwei Schleifspindeln 30 mit den Schleifscheiben 31 befinden. Der Kreuzschlitten 29 als Ganzes ist in der Zustellrichtung 33, also senkrecht zu der bestimmenden geometrischen Längsachse 10 der eingespannten Kurbelwelle 1 verfahrbar; die darauf befindlichen Schleifspindeln 30 können einzeln oder gemeinsam auf dem Kreuzschlitten 29 in der Richtung 34 verfahren werden, also parallel zu der bestimmenden geometrischen Längsachse 10. Außerdem kann der Abstand zwi- sehen den Schleifspindeln 30 in der Richtung 34 verändert werden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich alle üblichen Vorgänge zum Schleifen der Hublager 5 durchführen, wie das mit und ohne CNC- Steuerung bekannt ist. To the first grinding station 22 includes a workpiece headstock 26 and a tailstock 27, both of which can be driven synchronously synchronously. A crankshaft 1 is clamped between the workpiece headstock 26 and the tailstock 27. Further, belonging to the first grinding station 22, a cross slide 28 with a wheel spindle 29, on which there are two grinding spindles 30 with the grinding wheels 31. The cross slide 29 as a whole is in the feed direction 33, ie perpendicular to the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the clamped crankshaft 1 movable; the grinding spindles 30 located thereon can be moved individually or together on the cross slide 29 in the direction 34, ie parallel to the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10. In addition, the distance between the grinding spindles 30 in the direction 34 can be changed. In this way, all the usual operations for grinding the stroke bearing 5 can be carried out, as is known with and without CNC control.
Zu der zweiten Schleifstation 23 gehören ebenfalls ein Werkstück-Spindelstock 36 und ein Reit- stock 37, zwischen denen eine Kurbelwelle 1 eingespannt und zur Drehung angetrieben wird. Ein zu der zweiten Schleifstation 23 gehörender Kreuzschlitten 38 trägt auf einer gemeinsamen angetriebenen Achse 39 einen Mehrfach-Schleifscheibensatz mit Schleifscheiben 40, die beim Schleifen der Hauptlager 3, 4 gemeinsam gegen die Hauptlager 3, 4 zugestellt werden. Außerdem kann der Mehrfach-Scheibensatz auch in der Richtung 34 verfahren werden. To the second grinding station 23 also includes a workpiece headstock 36 and a tailstock 37, between which a crankshaft 1 is clamped and driven for rotation. A cross slide 38 belonging to the second grinding station 23 carries on a common driven axle 39 a multiple grinding wheel set with grinding wheels 40, which are delivered together when grinding the main bearings 3, 4 against the main bearings 3, 4. In addition, the multiple pulley set can also be moved in the direction 34.
Mit 41 sind die Antriebsmotoren für die Zustellachse der Kreuzschlitten 28, 38 und mit 42 Abdeckungen bezeichnet, welche die Schleifspäne von den Gleitführungen der Schleifstationen 22, 23 fernhalten. Die Spann- und Antriebsvorrichtungen der beiden Werkstück-Spindelstöcke 26, 36 und der beiden Reitstöcke 27, 37 liegen in einer gemeinsamen Längsachse 32. Die Längs- achse 32 ist zugleich die Drehachse (C-Achse) der Kurbelwellen 1 beim Schleifen. Für betriebliche Messungen während des Schleifvorganges sind Messvorrichtungen vorgesehen, die im Einzelnen nicht dargestellt sind. 41 denotes the drive motors for the feed axis of the cross slides 28, 38 and 42 covers which keep the grinding chips away from the sliding guides of the grinding stations 22, 23. The clamping and driving devices of the two workpiece headstocks 26, 36 and the two tailstocks 27, 37 lie in a common longitudinal axis 32. The longitudinal axis 32 is at the same time the axis of rotation (C-axis) of the crankshafts 1 during grinding. For operational measurements during the grinding process measuring devices are provided, which are not shown in detail.
Aus der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 der Anmelderin sind die bislang beschriebenen Merkmale der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine bekannt, ebenso die Lehre, dass entsprechend dem unterschiedlichen Verwendungszweck der beiden Schleifstationen 22, 23 die Kurbelwelle 1 in jeder Schleifstation 22, 23 auf eine andere Weise eingespannt werden muss. Für die vorliegende Anmeldung wird dabei die bekannte Methode zum Einspannen in der zweiten Schleifstation 23 gleichfalls aus der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 übernommen. Zum Schleifen der Hauptlager 3, 4 wird daher in der zweiten Schleifstation 23 die Kurbelwelle 1 zwischen Spitzen eingespannt, die sich an den Spindeln des Werkstück-Spindelstocks 36 und des Reitstocks 37 befinden. Die kegelförmige Endkontur der Spitzen greift in die Zentrierbohrungen 8 und 9 an den Enden der Kurbelwelle 1 ein, und damit befindet sich die bestimmende geometrische Längsachse 10 der Kurbelwelle 1 in Koinzidenz mit der gemeinsamen Längsachse 32 von Werkstück-Spindelstock 36 und Reitstock 37, die zugleich die Drehachse der Kurbelwelle 1 beim Schleifen ist. Die zwischen den Spitzen eingespannte Kurbelwelle 1 wird durch einen Antrieb mit Ausgleich- Spannfutter zur Drehung angetrieben. Bei einem derartigen Spannfutter wird eine Gruppe von mindestens zwei Spannbacken vorzugsweise hydraulisch betätigt, wobei alle Spannbacken an dieselbe Zuleitung der Hydraulikflüssigkeit angeschlossen und in radialer Richtung an einen Teil der Kurbelwelle 1 angestellt sind, der sich in der gemeinsamen Längserstreckung der Hauptlager 3, 4 befindet. Als Einspannstellen kommen besonders der Flansch 6 oder der Zapfen 7 in Frage, weil dadurch alle Hauptlager zum Schleifen freiliegen. Die Außenkontur der Einspannstellen braucht dabei nicht exakt zentralsymmetrisch zu der bestimmenden geometrischen Längsachse 10 der Kurbelwelle 1 zu sein; es kann vielmehr eine ungeschliffene Rohkontur sein; denn die Einspannung zwischen den Spitzen gewährleistet, dass die Kurbelwelle 1 in jedem Fall um ihre bestimmende geometrische Längsachse 10 gedreht wird. Die Spannbacken des Ausgleich-Spannfutters sind zwar für sich einzeln beweglich, können sich aber über das hydraulische Druckmedium untereinander ausgleichen. Somit wird jeder Spannbacken mit der gleichen Kraft an die Einspannstelle der Kurbelwelle 1 angestellt. Die Spannbacken bewirken dabei ledig- lieh die drehende Mitnahme der Kurbelwelle 1 ; da sie aber nachgiebig ausgleichend angestellt sind, können sie keine oder nur eine geringe versteifende Spannwirkung auf die Kurbelwelle 1 ausüben und einem Verbiegen der Kurbelwelle 1 beim Schleifen nicht entgegenwirken. Um Fehler hinsichtlich Durchmesser, Rundheit, Rundlauf und Zentrizität zu vermeiden, ist es daher beim Schleifen der Hauptlager 3, 4 in der zweiten Spannstation 23 dringend geboten, die Kur- belwelle 1 in ihrem mittleren Längenbereich durch eine Lünette abzustützen. DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 of the applicant, the previously described features of the grinding machine according to the invention are known, as well as the teaching that according to the different purpose of the two grinding stations 22, 23, the crankshaft 1 in each grinding station 22, 23 clamped in a different way got to. For the present application, the known method for clamping in the second grinding station 23 is also taken from DE 10 2008 007 175 A1. For grinding the main bearings 3, 4, therefore, in the second grinding station 23, the crankshaft 1 is clamped between tips which are located on the spindles of the workpiece headstock 36 and the tailstock 37. The conical end contour of the tips engages in the center holes 8 and 9 at the ends of the crankshaft 1, and thus is the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the crankshaft 1 in coincidence with the common longitudinal axis 32 of workpiece headstock 36 and tailstock 37, at the same time the axis of rotation of the crankshaft 1 during grinding. The clamped between the tips of the crankshaft 1 is driven by a drive with compensation chuck for rotation. In such a chuck, a group of at least two clamping jaws is preferably actuated hydraulically, wherein all the clamping jaws are connected to the same supply line of the hydraulic fluid and employed in the radial direction to a part of the crankshaft 1, which is in the common longitudinal extension of the main bearings 3, 4. As clamping points are particularly the flange 6 or the pin 7 in question, because it exposes all main bearings for grinding. The outer contour of the clamping points need not be exactly centrally symmetrical to the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the crankshaft 1; it may rather be an unpolished rough contour; because the clamping between the tips ensures that the crankshaft 1 is rotated in each case about its determining geometric longitudinal axis 10. Although the clamping jaws of the compensation chuck are individually movable individually, they can balance out with one another via the hydraulic pressure medium. Thus, each jaw is employed with the same force to the clamping point of the crankshaft 1. The jaws cause only borrowed the rotating entrainment of the crankshaft 1; but since they are employed compensatory yielding, they can exercise no or only a small stiffening clamping action on the crankshaft 1 and a bending of the crankshaft 1 during grinding not counteract. To avoid errors in terms of diameter, roundness, concentricity and centricity, it is therefore imperative when grinding the main bearings 3, 4 in the second tensioning station 23 to support the crankshaft 1 in its middle length range by a steady rest.
Ein Beispiel für ein derartiges Ausgleich-Spannfutter ist in der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 anhand der Fig. 8 ausführlich beschrieben. Alle dort vorhandenen Ausführungen zum Einspannen und zum Drehantrieb der Kurbelwelle 1 in der zweiten Schleifstation 23 werden auch dem Inhalt der vorliegenden Anmeldung zugerechnet. Bei Verwendung dieser Ausgleich-Spannfutter können die Hauptlager 3, 4 in der zweiten Schleifstation 23 zuverlässig vor- und fertiggeschliffen werden. An example of such a compensation chuck is described in detail in DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 with reference to FIG. 8. All existing designs for clamping and rotary drive of the crankshaft 1 in the second grinding station 23 are also attributed to the content of the present application. When using this compensating chuck, the main bearings 3, 4 in the second grinding station 23 can be reliably roughed and finished.
In der ersten Spannstation 22 zum Schleifen der Hublager 5 wird die Kurbelwelle 1 aber abwei- chend vom Stand der Technik gemäß der DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 auf eine Weise eingespannt und zur Drehung angetrieben, wie das beispielhaft und weitgehend schematisch in den Figuren 2 bis 5 dargestellt ist. Die Schnitt-Darstellung im linken Bereich der Fig. 2 entspricht dabei der Schnittlinie CMC in Fig. 4, wobei M den Mittelpunkt des Kurbelwellen-Querschnitts auf der bestimmenden geometrischen Längsachse 10 bedeutet. Die Figuren 2 und 2a zeigen das Spann- futter 43 eines Werkstück-Spindelstocks 26, in dem eine Spitze 52 axial verschieblich ist. Das vordere, der Kurbelwelle 1 zugewandte Ende der Spitze 52 ist als kegelförmige Endkontur 52a ausgebildet und erleichtert damit das Einführen in die zugehörige Zentrierbohrung 8 der Kurbel- welle 1. Auch der Reitstock 27 kann mit einem Spannfutter 43 dieser Art ausgebildet sein, vgl. in Fig. 3 die Spitze 53 mit der kegelförmigen Endkontur und die zugehörige Zentrierbohrung 9. Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, ist an der Stirnseite des Spannfutters 43, die der Kurbelwelle 1 zugewandt ist, eine U-förmige Tasche 1 1 ausgebildet, welche gemäß den Figuren 2, 2a und 3 für den Flansch 6 der Kurbelwelle 1 und den Zapfen 7 freigelegt ist. Die Kurbelwelle 1 liegt gemäß den Fig. 2 und 3 jeweils auf zwei Rastschultern 54 auf, die nach Art von Nocken aus dem Grund der Tasche 1 1 herausragen, V-förmig geneigt zueinander verlaufen und zusammen ein Auflage-Prisma bilden, das in Bezug auf das Spannfutter 43 stationär ist. In der Darstellung der Fig. 4 liegen die Rastschultern 54 hinter den Auflagegliedern 12 und sind daher nicht sichtbar. In the first clamping station 22 for grinding the crank bearings 5, however, the crankshaft 1 is clamped in a manner different from the prior art according to DE 10 2008 007 175 A1 and driven for rotation, as shown by way of example and largely schematically in FIGS 5 is shown. The sectional view in the left-hand area of FIG. 2 corresponds to the section line CMC in FIG. 4, where M is the midpoint of the crankshaft cross section on the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10. Figures 2 and 2a show the chuck 43 of a workpiece headstock 26 in which a tip 52 is axially displaceable. The front, the crankshaft 1 facing the end of the tip 52 is formed as a conical end contour 52a, thereby facilitating the insertion into the associated center hole 8 of the crank Shaft 1. The tailstock 27 may also be formed with a chuck 43 of this type, cf. in Fig. 3, the tip 53 with the conical final contour and the associated center hole 9. As shown in FIG. 4, is on the front side of the chuck 43, which faces the crankshaft 1, a U-shaped pocket 1 1 is formed, which according to Figures 2, 2a and 3 for the flange 6 of the crankshaft 1 and the pin 7 is exposed. The crankshaft 1 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively on two locking shoulders 54 which protrude in the manner of cams on the bottom of the pocket 1 1, V-shaped inclined to each other and together form a support prism, with respect to the chuck 43 is stationary. In the illustration of Fig. 4, the locking shoulders 54 are behind the support members 12 and are therefore not visible.
In dem Spannfutter 43 sind weiter zwei Axialschieber 14 vorgesehen, die unter der Wirkung einer Hydraulikflüssigkeit entsprechend dem Doppelpfeil 15 axial verschieblich sind. In Bezug auf die Drehachse 32 des Spannfutters 43 sind die beiden Axialschieber 14 um einen Winkel von etwa 60 bis 120 Winkelgraden versetzt V-förmig zueinander angeordnet, wie das aus Fig. 4 gefolgert werden kann. Die Stirnseiten der Axialschieber 14 sind hinter den ebenfalls V-förmig zueinander angeordneten Auflagegliedern 12 angeordnet, welche auch die Funktion von Klemmbacken haben und in Bezug auf die Drehachse 32 radial verschieblich sind, vgl. den Doppelpfeil 13. Jeder Axialschieber 14 steht über Schrägflächen in Wirkverbindung mit einem Radialschieber 57, der in radialer Richtung verschieblich in dem Spannfutter 43 gelagert ist. Jeder Radialschieber 57 wieder ist mit einem Auflageglied 12 verschraubt, das aus dem Spannfutter 43 herausragt. Jeder Radialschieber 57 bildet mit seinem Auflageglied 12 eine Funktionseinheit; die geteilte Ausführung ermöglicht es, das Auflageglied 12 leicht auszuwechseln, wenn die Kurbelwelle 1 an einer Einspannstelle mit einem anderen Durchmesser eingespannt werden soll. In the chuck 43 two axial slide 14 are further provided, which are axially displaceable under the action of a hydraulic fluid according to the double arrow 15. With respect to the axis of rotation 32 of the chuck 43, the two axial slide 14 are arranged offset by an angle of about 60 to 120 degrees V-shaped to each other, as can be concluded from Fig. 4. The end faces of the axial slide 14 are arranged behind the also V-shaped arranged support members 12, which also have the function of jaws and are radially displaceable with respect to the axis of rotation 32, see. The double arrow 13. Each axial slide 14 is connected via inclined surfaces in operative connection with a radial slide 57 which is mounted displaceably in the radial direction in the chuck 43. Each radial slide 57 is again screwed to a support member 12 which protrudes from the chuck 43. Each radial slide 57 forms with its support member 12 a functional unit; the split design makes it easy to replace the support member 12 when the crankshaft 1 is to be clamped at a clamping point with a different diameter.
Mit dem Doppelpfeil 15 ist angedeutet, dass die beiden Axialschieber 14 durch eine gleichmäßig auf sie beide einwirkende, an dieselbe Zuleitung angeschlossene Hydraulik-Flüssigkeit in zwei entgegengesetzten Richtungen axial verschoben werden können. Bei einer Bewegung in Fig. 2a nach links werden über die in Berührung miteinander befindlichen Schrägflächen die Radialschieber 57 nach innen in Richtung auf die Drehachse 32 bewegt. Dadurch bewegen sich auch die mit den Radialschiebern 57 verschraubten Auflageglieder 12 in derselben Richtung und kommen an der Einspannstelle der Kurbelwelle 1 zur Anlage, im Fall der Fig. 2 an dem links befindlichen äußeren Hauptlager 4. Bei entgegengesetzter Bewegung der Axialschieber 14 (in Fig. 2a nach rechts) wandern die Auflageglieder 12 wieder radial nach außen. Die Anpresskraft der Auflageglieder 12 kann durch diverse Druckregelungen im Hydraulikkreis geregelt werden. Parallel zu den Axialschiebern 14 radial nach innen versetzt sind zwei Verriegelungsstifte 16 in axial verlaufenden Bohrungen 18 vorgesehen, die unter demselben Winkel in Bezug auf die Drehachse 32 angeordnet sind, vgl. die Schnittdarstellung gemäß Fig. 5. Die Verriegelungsstifte 16 können in zwei entgegengesetzten Richtungen 17 gesteuert verschoben werden, vgl. den Doppelpfeil 17. In seiner aktivierten Stellung greift ein Verriegelungsstift 16 mit seinem kegelförmigen vorderen Ende in eine trapezförmige Nut 19 ein, die sich in der Längs- und Verschieberichtung des zugehörigen Radialschiebers 57 befindet. Der Radialschieber 57 ist dann in einer gewünschten Stellung festgeklemmt. Die Verriegelungsstifte 16 können durch mechanische, hydraulische, elektrische oder pneumatische Mittel aktiviert und zurückgestellt werden, wobei auch unterschiedliche Mittel für Aktivierung und Rückstellung in Frage kommen wie beispielsweise Aktivierung durch hydraulische Mittel und eine Rückstellung durch Federn. Dieselben Verstellmöglichkeiten bestehen auch für die Axialschieber 14. With the double arrow 15 is indicated that the two axial slide 14 can be moved axially in two opposite directions by a uniformly acting on both of them, connected to the same supply line hydraulic fluid. In a movement in Fig. 2a to the left, the radial slide 57 are moved inwardly in the direction of the axis of rotation 32 via the inclined surfaces in contact with each other. As a result, the bearing members 12 bolted to the radial slides 57 also move in the same direction and come into abutment with the clamping point of the crankshaft 1, in the case of FIG. 2 on the left main bearing 4. With opposite movement of the axial slide 14 (in FIG. 2a to the right) wander the support members 12 again radially outward. The contact pressure of the support members 12 can be controlled by various pressure controls in the hydraulic circuit. Parallel to the axial slides 14 are offset radially inwardly two locking pins 16 are provided in axially extending bores 18 which are arranged at the same angle with respect to the axis of rotation 32, cf. the sectional view of FIG. 5. The locking pins 16 can be moved controlled in two opposite directions 17, see. the double arrow 17. In its activated position engages a locking pin 16 with its conical front end in a trapezoidal groove 19, which is located in the longitudinal and displacement direction of the associated radial slide 57. The radial slide 57 is then clamped in a desired position. The locking pins 16 can be activated and reset by mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or pneumatic means, with different means of activation and recovery being possible, such as activation by hydraulic means and spring return. The same adjustment options also exist for the axial slide 14th
Wie besonders aus Fig. 4 hervorgeht, ist auf der den Auflagegliedern 12 gegenüberliegenden Seite des Spannfutters 43 ein schwenkbares Klemmglied 44 in der Form eines Schwenkarmes vorgesehen. Seine Schwenkachse ist mit 55 und sein Wirkende mit 56 bezeichnet. Fig. 4 zeigt in ausgezogenen Linien die Klemmstellung des Klemmgliedes 44, während die Freigabestellung in gestrichelten Linien dargestellt ist. Die Abmessungen und Einbauverhältnisse sind so gewählt, dass das Wirkende 56 des Klemmgliedes 44 bei Aktivierung an einer Stelle der Kurbelwelle 1 aufliegt, die auf der verlängerten Winkelhalbierenden zwischen den Auflagegliedern 12 liegt. Für die Aktivierung des Klemmgliedes 44 kommen dieselben Mittel in Frage wie für die Verriegelungsstifte 16. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, a pivotable clamping member 44 in the form of a pivoting arm is provided on the side of the chuck 43 opposite the support members 12. Its pivot axis is designated 55 and its action end 56. Fig. 4 shows in solid lines the clamping position of the clamping member 44, while the release position is shown in dashed lines. The dimensions and installation conditions are chosen so that the active end 56 of the clamping member 44 rests upon activation at a location of the crankshaft 1, which lies on the extended bisecting line between the support members 12. For the activation of the clamping member 44, the same means come into question as for the locking pins sixteenth
Mit der beschriebenen Schleifmaschine wird das Schleifverfahren wie folgt durchgeführt: With the described grinding machine, the grinding process is carried out as follows:
Die zu schleifende Kurbelwelle 1 besteht aus Stahl oder Gusswerkstoffen, kann gegossen oder geschmiedet sein und liegt im ungeschliffenen Rohzustand vor; sie ist spanend, also vor allem durch Drehen, Bohren oder Wirbelfräsen vorbearbeitet. Die Kurbelwelle 1 wird zunächst durch eine Transporteinrichtung in die erste Schleifstation 22 verbracht und dort zwischen dem Werk- stück-Spindelstock 26 und dem Reitstock 27 eingespannt. Es wird eine Ausführung gezeigt, bei der Werkstück-Spindelstock 26 und Reitstock 27 beide mit Spannfuttern 43 entsprechend den Figuren 2 bis 5 ausgestattet sind, vgl. Fig. 3. Somit ist auch jedes der Spannfutter 43 mit einer Spitze 52, 53 versehen. Vor dem Einbringen der Kurbelwelle 1 werden Werkstück-Spindelstock 26 und Reitstock 27 bei axial nach innen eingezogenen Spitzen 52, 53 auf einen axialen Ab- stand eingestellt, der dem Längenmaß der Kurbelwelle 1 entspricht. Die Drehachsen der Spannfutter 43 werden in eine Stellung verbracht, in der sich die Auflageglieder 12 und die Rastschultern 14 in ihrer unteren Stellung befinden. Dann wird die Kurbelwelle 1 in waagerechter Lage vorzugsweise von oben zwischen Werkstück-Spindelstock 26 und Reitstock 27 abgesenkt und kommt auf den Rastschultern 54 zur Auflage, die zusammen ein Prisma bilden, das in Bezug auf das Spannfutter 43 stationär ist. Im Falle der Fig. 3 liegt dabei die Kurbelwelle 1 mit dem Flansch 6 auf den Rastschultem 54 des Werkstück-Spindelstocks 26 und mit dem Zapfen 7 auf den Rastschultern 54 des Reitstocks 27 auf. Der radiale Abstand zwischen den in der Drehachse 32 befindlichen Spitzen 52, 53 und den Rastschultern 54 ist dabei derart gewählt, dass die bestimmende geometrische Längsachse 10 der Kurbelwelle 1 geringfügig tiefer liegt als die gemeinsame Drehachse von Werkstück- Spindelstock 26 und Reitstock 27. Danach stehen die Spitzen 52, 53 den Zentrierbohrungen 8, 9 innerhalb von deren Öffnungsweiten gegenüber. Die Auflageglieder 12 der beiden Spannfutter 43 befinden sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt mit einem Abstand unterhalb der beiden äußeren Hauptlager. Da die Kurbelwelle 1 mit ihrer ungeschliffenen Rohkontur auf den Rastschultern 54 der Spannfutter aufliegt, wird in dieser Phase des Einspannens die bestimmende geometrische Längsachse 10 der Kurbelwelle 1 nicht hinreichend genau genug parallel zu der gemeinsamen Drehachse 32 von Werkstück-Spindelstock 26 und Reitstock 27 verlaufen. Die Korrektur erfolgt in der nächsten Phase. The crankshaft 1 to be ground is made of steel or cast materials, may be cast or forged, and is in the unpolished raw state; It is machined, that is mainly pre-machined by turning, drilling or milling. The crankshaft 1 is first moved by a transport device into the first grinding station 22 and clamped there between the workpiece headstock 26 and the tailstock 27. It is shown an embodiment in which the workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27 are both equipped with chucks 43 corresponding to Figures 2 to 5, see. Fig. 3. Thus, each of the chuck 43 is provided with a tip 52, 53. Before introducing the crankshaft 1, the workpiece headstock 26 and the tailstock 27 are set to an axial distance corresponding to the length dimension of the crankshaft 1 with the tips 52, 53 drawn in axially inward. The axes of rotation of the chuck 43 are moved to a position in which the support members 12 and the locking shoulders 14 are in their lower position. Then, the crankshaft 1 is lowered in a horizontal position, preferably from above between the workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27 and comes to rest on the locking shoulders 54, which together form a prism which is stationary with respect to the chuck 43. In the case of FIG. 3, the crankshaft 1 with the flange 6 rests on the latching sleeve 54 of the workpiece headstock 26 and with the pin 7 on the latching shoulders 54 of the tailstock 27. The radial distance between the located in the axis of rotation 32 tips 52, 53 and the locking shoulders 54 is selected such that the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the crankshaft 1 is slightly lower than the common axis of rotation of workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27. Thereafter stand the tips 52, 53 opposite the centering holes 8, 9 within their opening widths. The support members 12 of the two chucks 43 are at this time with a distance below the two outer main bearings. Since the crankshaft 1 rests with its rough rough contour on the locking shoulders 54 of the chuck, in this phase of clamping the determining geometric longitudinal axis 10 of the crankshaft 1 is not sufficiently accurate parallel to the common axis of rotation 32 of workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27 run. The correction will be done in the next phase.
Die beiden Spitzen 52, 53 werden hierzu ausgefahren und dringen in die Zentrierbohrungen 8, 9 ein, was durch die kegelförmigen Endkonturen 52a, 53a der Spitzen 52, 53 möglich wird. Die Spitzen 52, 53 kommen zur Anlage an die Innenwände der Zentrierbohrungen 8, 9 und üben auf die Kurbelwelle 1 eine Hub- und Stellwirkung aus. Die Lage der Kurbelwelle 1 wird somit in der Höhe und seitlich korrigiert. Wenn die Spitzen 8, 9 vollständig ausgefahren sind, ist die Kurbelwelle 1 von den Rastschuitern 54 abgehoben, und ihre bestimmende geometrische Längs- achse 10 verläuft exakt in der gemeinsamen Drehachsel 2 von Werkstück-Spindelstock 26 und Reitstock 27 (Zustand der Koinzidenz). Die Auflageglieder 12 der beiden Spannfutter 43 befinden sich in dieser Phase nach wie vor mit Abstand unterhalb der äußeren Hauptlager 4. Der Abstand ist allerdings so gering, dass er in den Figuren maßstäblich nicht zum Ausdruck gebracht werden kann. The two tips 52, 53 are extended for this purpose and penetrate into the centering holes 8, 9, which is made possible by the conical end contours 52a, 53a of the tips 52, 53. The tips 52, 53 come to rest on the inner walls of the centering holes 8, 9 and exert on the crankshaft 1 a lifting and adjusting action. The position of the crankshaft 1 is thus corrected in height and laterally. When the tips 8, 9 are fully extended, the crankshaft 1 is lifted off the detent shoes 54, and its defining longitudinal geometric axis 10 extends exactly in the common rotary axle 2 of the workpiece headstock 26 and tailstock 27 (state of coincidence). The support members 12 of the two chucks 43 are in this phase still at a distance below the outer main bearing 4. The distance, however, is so small that it can not be expressed to scale in the figures.
Durch Betätigen der Axialschieber 14 in beiden Spannfuttern 43 werden anschließend die Auflageglieder 12 an die beiden äußeren Hauptlager 4 herangefahren. Da die Auflageglieder 12 ihre Stellung zueinander selbsttätig ausgleichen können, ergibt sich für die beiden Auflageglieder 12 eines Spannfutters bei Anlage an der Kurbelwelle 1 dieselbe Anpresskraft, auch wenn die Stellung der Auflageglieder 12 - bedingt durch die Rohkontur der äußeren Hauptlager 4 - dabei voneinander abweicht. Die Größe der Anpresskraft wird so gewählt, dass sie die Aufspannung der Kurbelwelle 1 in den Spitzen 52, 53 unterstützt, aber nicht gefährdet und für die spätere Funktion der Auflageglieder 12 als Spannbacken beim Drehen der Kurbelwelle 1 ausreicht. Wenn diese Anlagestellung erreicht ist, werden in beiden Spannfuttern 43 die Verriegelungsstifte 16 betätigt, welche in die an den Radialschiebern 57 befindlichen Längsnuten 19 eintreten und die Radialschieber 57 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Auflageglied 12 in der Anlagestellung verriegeln. By pressing the axial slide 14 in two chucks 43 then the support members 12 are moved up to the two outer main bearing 4. Since the support members 12 can compensate each other automatically their position, results for the two support members 12 of a chuck when applied to the crankshaft 1, the same contact pressure, even if the position of the support members 12 - due to the rough contour of the outer main bearing 4 - this differs from each other. The size of the contact force is chosen so that it supports the clamping of the crankshaft 1 in the tips 52, 53, but not at risk and for the later function of the support members 12 as jaws when turning the crankshaft 1 is sufficient. When this contact position is reached, the locking pins 16 are actuated in both chucks 43, which enter into the longitudinal grooves 19 located on the radial slide 57 and lock the radial slide 57 together with the associated support member 12 in the contact position.
Es sei noch bemerkt, dass man die Kurbelwelle 1 beim Einführen in die Schleifstation 22 auch gleich auf den unten liegenden Auflagegliedern 12 ablegen könnte, bevor deren Heranfahren an die Kurbelwelle erfolgt. Die stationären Rastschultern 54 wären dann entbehrlich. Es wird aber für zuverlässiger gehalten, den Transportvorgang an stationären Rastschultern 54 enden zu lassen und die beweglichen Auflageglieder 12 insoweit von der Aufgabe der Erstablage zu entlasten. It should also be noted that the crankshaft 1 during insertion into the grinding station 22 could also deposit the same on the underlying support members 12 before their approach to the crankshaft. The stationary latching shoulders 54 would then be dispensable. However, it is considered more reliable to let the transport process to stationary latching shoulders 54 end and relieve the movable support members 12 so far from the task of Erstablage.
In ihrer verriegelten Stellung bilden die beiden Auflageglieder 12 eines jeden Spannfutters 43 infolge ihrer V-förmigen Anordnung zusammen ebenfalls eine Auflage nach Art eines Prismas für die Kurbelwelle 1 . Diese Auflage ist an dem Spannfutter 43 betrieblich fest, wobei die Anpresskraft der Verriegelungsstifte 16 so eingestellt ist, dass diese sich im weiteren Betrieb nicht lösen können; das gilt auch bei hydraulisch erzeugter Verriegelungskraft. Das Spannfutter 43 der ersten Schleifstation 22 unterscheidet sich darin deutlich von den Spannfuttern der zweiten Schleifstation 23, bei denen alle Spannbacken auch während der Rotation der Kurbelwelle 1 beim Schleifen untereinander ausgleichsfähig bleiben. In their locked position form the two support members 12 of each chuck 43 due to their V-shaped arrangement together also a support in the manner of a prism for the crankshaft. 1 This support is fixed to the chuck 43 operationally, wherein the contact pressure of the locking pins 16 is set so that they can not be solved in the further operation; this also applies to hydraulically generated locking force. The chuck 43 of the first grinding station 22 differs significantly from the chucks of the second grinding station 23, in which all jaws remain even during the rotation of the crankshaft 1 when grinding with each other compensatory.
Die beiden Auflageglieder an jedem Spannfutter 43 wirken in diesem Zustand nur wie ein festes Auflage-Prisma, das die Aufspannung der ruhenden Kurbelwelle 1 in den Spitzen 52, 53 unterstützt. Zum weiteren Fortgang des Einspannens wird jetzt das schwenkbare Klemmglied 44 aus seiner Freigabestellung in die Klemmstellung überführt, vgl. Fig. 4. Das schwenkbare Klemmglied 44 und die beiden Auflageglieder 12 übernehmen jetzt die Funktion von Spannbacken, die die Drehmitnahme und die Abstützung der Kurbelwelle 1 gewährleisten müssen. Da das Wirkende 56 des Klemmgliedes 44 etwa auf der geraden Linie der Winkelhalbierenden zwi- sehen den Auflageliedem 12 liegt, vgl. Fig. 4, ist der Angriff der Mitnahmekräfte am Umfang der äußeren Hauptlager 4 weitgehend gleichmäßig. Die Auflageglieder 12 bleiben bei der Rotation der Kurbelwelle 1 während des Schieifens fest an dem Spannfutter 43 verriegelt und nehmen die von dem schwenkbaren Klemmglied 44 ausgeübte Kraft zuverlässig auf, ohne dass die von den Spitzen 52, 53 bewirkte Koinzidenz der bestimmenden geometrischen Kurbelwellen- Längsachse 10 mit der Drehachse 12 gefährdet wird. Die Kurbelwelle 1 ist exakt laufend nach dieser Längsachse 10 eingespannt und kann auch nicht aus dem Zentrum gedrückt werden. Unterstützend kommt hinzu, dass die Kurbelwelle 1 in der ersten Schleifstation 22 an den äußeren Hauptlagern 4 eingespannt wird. Diese bilden die am weitesten nach innen, zum mittleren Längsbereich der Kurbelwelle 1 hin gerückten Einspannstellen, bei denen sämtliche Hublager 5 in einer Aufspannung vor- und fertiggeschliffen werden können. Die freie Länge der Kurbelwelle 1 zwischen den Einspannstellen ist dabei am geringsten; das führt in Verbindung mit den fest nach Art eines Prismas verriegelten Auflagegliedern 12 dazu, dass die Kurbelwelle 1 sich unter dem Druck der Schleifscheiben nicht durchbiegt. Es kann daher auf das Ansetzen einer Lünette verzichtet werden. Bei einer geringeren Zahl von Hublagern, beispielsweise zwei oder drei, einer somit kürzeren Kurbelwelle oder bei geringeren Anforderungen an die Schleifgenauigkeit ist es auch in der ersten Schleifstation 22 grundsätzlich möglich, die Kurbelwelle 1 am Flansch und/oder an dem Zapfen einzuspannen und das Schleifen in derselben Weise wie beschrieben vorzunehmen. The two support members on each chuck 43 act in this state only as a fixed support prism, which supports the clamping of the stationary crankshaft 1 in the tips 52, 53. For further progress of clamping now the pivotable clamping member 44 is transferred from its release position into the clamping position, see. Fig. 4. The pivotable clamping member 44 and the two support members 12 now take over the function of jaws, which must ensure the rotational drive and the support of the crankshaft 1. Since the action end 56 of the clamping member 44 approximately on the straight line of the bisecting see between the Auflageliedem 12, see. 4, the attack of the driving forces on the circumference of the outer main bearing 4 is largely uniform. The support members 12 remain firmly locked to the chuck 43 during rotation of the crankshaft 1 during the sliding and reliably absorb the force exerted by the pivotable clamping member 44, without the coincidence of the determining longitudinal crankshaft axis 10 caused by the tips 52, 53 is endangered with the axis of rotation 12. The crankshaft 1 is clamped exactly running after this longitudinal axis 10 and can not be pushed out of the center. In support of this, the crankshaft 1 is clamped in the first grinding station 22 to the outer main bearings 4. These form the farthest inward, to the central longitudinal region of the crankshaft 1 out towards clamping points in which all the lift bearings 5 can be pre-ground and finish in one clamping. The free length of the crankshaft 1 between the clamping points is the lowest; this leads, in conjunction with the support members 12 firmly locked in the manner of a prism, to the crankshaft 1 not flexing under the pressure of the grinding wheels. It can therefore be dispensed with the attachment of a bezel. With a smaller number of stroke bearings, for example two or three, thus a shorter crankshaft or with lower demands on the grinding accuracy, it is basically possible in the first grinding station 22 to clamp the crankshaft 1 on the flange and / or on the journal and the grinding in the same way as described.
Wenn die Hublager 5 fertiggeschliffen sind, muss die Kurbelwelle 1 nach wie vor in die zweite Schleifstation 23 überführt werden, in der die zweite Aufspannung vorgenommen wird. Da alle Hauptlager 3, 4 möglichst gleichzeitig vor- und fertiggeschliffen werden sollen, kann die Ein- spannung nur an den äußeren Enden der Kurbelwelle 1 vorgenommen werden. In der zweiten Schleifstation 23 müssen daher die Spannbacken des Ausgleichsfutters einzeln selbsttätig ausweichen können, wenn die Kurbelwelle 1 rotiert. Der sichere Halt der Kurbelwelle 1 zwischen den Spitzen von Werkstück-Spindelstock 36 und Reitstock 37 ist dadurch nicht in jedem Fall gewährleistet, sodass das Ansetzen einer Lünette im mittleren Bereich der Kurbelwelle 1 in jedem Fall vorteilhaft ist. Trotz des Wechsels in der Aufspannung überwiegen die Vorteile des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung gegenüber dem bekannten Verfahren nach EP 1 181 132 B1. Da nämlich die erheblichen Verformungen beim Vor- und Fertigschleifen der Hublager 5 gleich zu Anfang auftreten und beim anschließenden Vor- und Fertigschleifen der Hauptlager 3, 4 wieder weitgehend beseitigt werden können, ist insgesamt in jedem Fall eine Steigerung der Schleifgenauigkeit erzielt. When the stroke bearings 5 are finish ground, the crankshaft 1 must still be transferred to the second grinding station 23, in which the second clamping is performed. Since all main bearings 3, 4 should be roughed and ground as simultaneously as possible, the clamping can only be carried out at the outer ends of the crankshaft 1. In the second grinding station 23, therefore, the clamping jaws of the compensating chuck must be able to individually dodge automatically when the crankshaft 1 rotates. The secure hold of the crankshaft 1 between the tips of the workpiece headstock 36 and tailstock 37 is thus not guaranteed in each case, so that the application of a steady rest in the central region of the crankshaft 1 in any case is advantageous. Despite the change in the setup, the advantages of the method according to the invention outweigh the known method according to EP 1 181 132 B1. Namely, since the considerable deformations in the roughing and finish grinding of the rod bearings 5 occur at the beginning and can be largely eliminated during the subsequent roughing and finishing of the main bearings 3, 4, an increase in the grinding accuracy is achieved in all cases.
Liste der Bezugsziffern Kurbelwelle List of reference numbers Crankshaft
Wange cheek
innere Hauptlager inner main bearings
äußere Hauptlager outer main bearing
Hublager pin bearings
Flansch flange
Zapfen spigot
Zentrierbohrung (Flansch) Center hole (flange)
Zentrierbohrung (Zapfen) Center hole (pin)
bestimmende geometrische Längsachse der Kurbelwelle U-förmige Tasche determining geometric longitudinal axis of the crankshaft U-shaped pocket
Auflageglieder support members
Doppelpfeil, Verschieberichtung der Spannbacken Axialschieber Double arrow, direction of displacement of the clamping jaws Axial slide
Doppelpfeil, Verschieberichtung der Axialschieber Verriegelungsstift Double arrow, direction of displacement of the axial slide locking pin
Doppelpfeil, Verschieberichtung des Verriegelungsstiftes Bohrung Double arrow, direction of displacement of the locking pin Bore
Längsnut longitudinal groove
Flussrichtung (Transportrichtung der Kurbelwellen) Schleifzelle Flow direction (transport direction of crankshafts) Grinding cell
erste Schleifstation first grinding station
zweite Schleifstation second grinding station
gemeinsames Maschinenbett common machine bed
Maschinentisch machine table
Werkstück-Spindelstock (erste Schleifstation) Workpiece headstock (first grinding station)
Reitstock (erste Schleifstation) Tailstock (first grinding station)
Kreuzschlitten cross slide
Schieifspindelstock Schieifspindelstock
Schleifspindel grinding spindle
Schleifscheibe grinding wheel
gemeinsame Längsachse, Drehachse der Kurbelwelle Zustellrichtung der Schleifscheiben Richtung common longitudinal axis, axis of rotation of the crankshaft infeed direction of the grinding wheels direction
Werkstück-Spindelstock (zweite Schleifstation) Workpiece headstock (second grinding station)
Reitstock (zweite Schleifstation) Tailstock (second grinding station)
Kreuzschlitten cross slide
gemeinsame Achse common axis
Schleifscheiben grinding wheels
Antriebsmotor drive motor
Abdeckung cover
Spannfutter (erste Schleifstation) Chuck (first grinding station)
schwenkbares Klemmglied swiveling clamping member
Schwenkachse des schwenkbaren Spannelements Pivot axis of the pivotable clamping element
Spitze des Werkstück-Spindelstocksa kegelförmiger Endbereich Tip of the workpiece headstocka tapered end portion
Spitze des Reitstocks Top of the tailstock
a kegelförmiger Endbereich a conical end region
Rastschulter locking shoulder
Schwenkachse des Klemmgliedes Pivot axis of the clamping member
Wirkende acting
Radialschieber vane
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009051737A DE102009051737B3 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2009-11-03 | Method for grinding main and pin bearings of crankshaft by external cylindrical grinding in grinding machine, involves bringing defined geometric longitudinal axis of crankshaft in accordance with rotation axis of assigned workpiece |
| PCT/EP2010/065890 WO2011054679A1 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2010-10-21 | Method for grinding the main and pin bearings of a crankshaft by means of external cylindrical grinding and grinding machine for performing said method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2496382A1 true EP2496382A1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
| EP2496382B1 EP2496382B1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
Family
ID=42675267
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10776322.9A Not-in-force EP2496382B1 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2010-10-21 | Method for grinding the main and pin bearings of a crankshaft by means of external cylindrical grinding and grinding machine for performing said method |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9108287B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2496382B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5698756B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101747092B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102753303B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102009051737B3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2426571T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2553165C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011054679A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120363040A (en) * | 2025-06-30 | 2025-07-25 | 苏州工学院 | Automatic feeding and discharging mechanism for ball screw support bearing fine grinding |
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| IT1403603B1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2013-10-31 | Tenova Spa | IMPROVED GRINDING MACHINE AND GRINDING METHOD |
| JP5597674B2 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2014-10-01 | コマツNtc株式会社 | Workpiece machining method |
| CN102773800B (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-11-12 | 潘旭华 | Method for improving roundness precision in follow-up grinding process of connecting rod necks of crank shaft |
| DE102013225292B4 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2018-11-15 | Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | GRINDING MACHINE FOR GRINDING CENTRIC AND / OR ECCENTRIC STORAGE SPACES ON WAVE PARTS WITH A COUNTER FOR SUPPORTING THE STORES |
| DE102015206082A1 (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2016-10-06 | Mahle International Gmbh | grinding machine |
| CN107037559A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-11 | 苏州艾力光电科技有限公司 | A kind of eccentric wheel optical fiber adjustment mechanism |
| CN108032188A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-15 | 重庆市银钢通科技有限公司 | A kind of camshaft roughly grinds fixture |
| CN109333191B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2023-06-30 | 卓弢机器人盐城有限公司 | Multidirectional machining production line for crankshaft and machining process of multidirectional machining production line |
| CN113500519A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-15 | 青海盈新节能门窗有限公司 | Polishing device with clamping mechanism and clamping method thereof |
| CN116100417A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-05-12 | 东莞盛涛科技有限公司 | Polishing equipment |
| CN115635374B (en) * | 2022-12-24 | 2023-04-07 | 潍坊胜利石化机械有限公司 | Fixing device for horizontal machine tool crankshaft machining |
| CN117260482B (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-01-23 | 山西科立特精密铸造科技有限公司 | Synchronous dislocation polishing grinding equipment of bent axle |
| CN117484364A (en) * | 2023-12-31 | 2024-02-02 | 重庆市乾凤锻造有限公司 | Single-turn crankshaft automatic descaling transmission device |
| CN118456246B (en) * | 2024-07-12 | 2024-09-20 | 泰州通业机械有限公司 | Engine crankshaft burr grinding device |
| CN118478268B (en) * | 2024-07-15 | 2024-09-03 | 章丘市星火锻压有限公司 | Forging processing grinding device |
| KR102808791B1 (en) | 2024-12-24 | 2025-05-21 | 씨엠티 주식회사 | Fixing device for internal machining of brittle pipes |
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| JPS5822606A (en) * | 1981-07-29 | 1983-02-10 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | Chucking device |
| DE19919893A1 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-09 | Junker Erwin Maschf Gmbh | Pre- and finish grinding a crankshaft in one setup |
| US6257972B1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-10 | Arobotech Systems, Inc. | Steady rest having linear sliding clamping bars |
| DE10144644B4 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2006-07-13 | Bsh Holice A.S. | Method and device for grinding centric bearing points of crankshafts |
| JP2003340693A (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-12-02 | Nippei Toyama Corp | Grinder |
| JP4940729B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2012-05-30 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Workpiece grinding method and grinding apparatus |
| DE102007026562B4 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-08-26 | Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Grinding center and method for simultaneously grinding multiple bearings of crankshafts |
| DE102007034706B3 (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2008-09-11 | Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Grinding center and method for simultaneous grinding of multiple bearings and end faces of crankshafts |
| DE102008007175B4 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2010-06-02 | Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for grinding the main and stroke bearings of a crankshaft by external cylindrical grinding and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| DE102009024209B4 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2012-12-06 | Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MULTILAYER GRINDING OF WORKPIECES |
-
2009
- 2009-11-03 DE DE102009051737A patent/DE102009051737B3/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-10-21 WO PCT/EP2010/065890 patent/WO2011054679A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-10-21 EP EP10776322.9A patent/EP2496382B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-10-21 KR KR1020127013010A patent/KR101747092B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-21 US US13/505,941 patent/US9108287B2/en active Active
- 2010-10-21 JP JP2012537339A patent/JP5698756B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-21 RU RU2012122819/02A patent/RU2553165C2/en active
- 2010-10-21 CN CN201080060428.5A patent/CN102753303B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-21 ES ES10776322T patent/ES2426571T3/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO2011054679A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120363040A (en) * | 2025-06-30 | 2025-07-25 | 苏州工学院 | Automatic feeding and discharging mechanism for ball screw support bearing fine grinding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102753303A (en) | 2012-10-24 |
| EP2496382B1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
| KR20120101393A (en) | 2012-09-13 |
| US9108287B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
| CN102753303B (en) | 2015-09-02 |
| JP2013510009A (en) | 2013-03-21 |
| RU2012122819A (en) | 2013-12-10 |
| RU2553165C2 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
| ES2426571T3 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
| JP5698756B2 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| KR101747092B1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
| WO2011054679A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
| DE102009051737B3 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
| US20120238187A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
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