EP2480691A1 - REFORMER GAS-BASED REDUCING METHOD WITH REDUCED NOx EMISSION - Google Patents
REFORMER GAS-BASED REDUCING METHOD WITH REDUCED NOx EMISSIONInfo
- Publication number
- EP2480691A1 EP2480691A1 EP10737309A EP10737309A EP2480691A1 EP 2480691 A1 EP2480691 A1 EP 2480691A1 EP 10737309 A EP10737309 A EP 10737309A EP 10737309 A EP10737309 A EP 10737309A EP 2480691 A1 EP2480691 A1 EP 2480691A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- mixture
- combustion exhaust
- exhaust gas
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 54
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001212789 Dynamis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
- C21B13/143—Injection of partially reduced ore into a molten bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/30—Arrangements for extraction or collection of waste gases; Hoods therefor
- F27D17/302—Constructional details of ancillary components, e.g. waste gas conduits or seals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/148—Details of the flowsheet involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
- C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/64—Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
- C21C2100/06—Energy from waste gas used in other processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the reduction of metal oxides to metallized material by contact with hot reducing gas which, at least in part, by catalytic reforming of a mixture of
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
- a fuel gas for example Figure 1 of WO2006135984 described.
- the fuel gas for the reformer is burned with air as an oxygen source, and therefore, the combustion exhaust gas contains a large amount of nitrogen. Accordingly, the following systems for CO 2 removal from the combustion exhaust gas must be designed to be correspondingly large.
- CO 2 removal from the low-pressure combustion exhaust gas only chemical absorption methods in question, which have a large design and high energy consumption.
- the nitrogen results in high NO x contents of the combustion exhaust gas when conventional burners are used.
- increasingly downstream denitrification systems in particular the process for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (SCR), become necessary due to increasingly stringent environmental regulations.
- SCR nitrogen oxides
- low NO x burners are used, in turn, high NO x contents of the combustion exhaust gas are avoided, but the flame pattern of such burners is disadvantageous for use in the reformer.
- Another disadvantage of the use of air as an oxygen source results from the fact that heat transfers in the reformer, and possibly in the combustion exhaust gas recuperators existing due to the high nitrogen content only to a lesser extent by radiation and predominantly by convection, resulting in a much more inefficient heat transfer than by radiation conditionally.
- Combustion exhaust gas and pure oxygen is supplied.
- the liberation of water may be partial or complete; it should be at least a partial liberation of water.
- the metal oxides are iron oxides.
- nickel, copper, lead, cobalt can be reduced.
- the reducing gas is at least in part by catalytic reforming of a mixture of a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) with gaseous hydrocarbons
- This reforming is carried out by at least partial reaction of the gaseous hydrocarbons with H 2 O and CO 2 to hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO).
- the substances H 2 O and / or CO 2 required for the reforming can each be added to the mixture for reforming individually or together, and / or it is present in the gas containing carbon dioxide CO 2 and / or water vapor H 2 O. H 2 O and / or CO 2 used. It is preferred to add at least H 2 O - as water vapor - to the mixture.
- Gaseous hydrocarbons are, for example, natural gas, methane, propane, syngas from coal gasification, coke oven gas.
- gaseous hydrocarbons includes both the possibility that only one compound, for example pure propane, is present, as well as the possibility that a mixture of several compounds is present, for example a mixture of propane and methane.
- the gas containing carbon dioxide CO 2 and / or water vapor H 2 O is, for example
- Top gas is to be understood as the gas which is removed from the reduction unit in which the reduction of the metal oxides to metallized material takes place. Before the reforming, it is optionally still purified, for example by
- the gas containing carbon dioxide CO 2 and / or water vapor H 2 O for example, be export gas from another process for the reduction of metal oxides, for example, smelting reduction process, or syngas from a
- Coal gasification processes such as a Lurgi fixed bed gasifier or
- a typical composition of top gas from a direct reduction process is in
- Table 1 shows: Table 1: Typical gas composition of DR Topgas
- the lower limit of the amount of carbon dioxide CO 2 is 0% by volume, preferably 5% by volume, particularly preferably 15% by volume. and the upper limit of the amount of the amount of carbon dioxide CO 2 is 25% by volume, preferably 30% by volume, more preferably 40% by volume.
- the lower limit of the amount of water vapor is H 2 O 0 vol%, preferably 10 vol%, and the upper limit of the amount of water vapor H 2 O 20 vol %, preferably 55% by volume.
- a reducing gas which contains as reducing constituents mainly H 2 and CO. It is known that such a reforming is an endothermic reaction, for which reason heat is supplied to the reformer, for example, by combustion of fuel gas with oxygen in burners associated with the reformer.
- the oxygen required for this combustion of the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas with a gas mixture prepared from a subset of the cooled and largely freed of water combustion exhaust gas and pure oxygen.
- the gas mixture is composed
- pure oxygen is to be understood as meaning a gas consisting predominantly of oxygen, preferably having an oxygen content of more than 90% by volume, particularly preferably more than 95% by volume; the remainder to 100% by volume consists mainly of nitrogen and other air constituents such as argon.
- the cooled and de-watered combustion exhaust gas of the process according to the invention consists predominantly of CO 2 .
- the supply according to the invention of the oxygen required for the combustion with the gas mixture according to the invention has the advantage that the flame temperature can be set correspondingly by the selected mixing ratio of the CO 2 -containing cooled and largely freed of combustion flue gas and of pure oxygen.
- combustion exhaust gas In the process of the invention is - compared to the use of air as an oxygen donor - much less or negligible amounts of nitrogen fed to the burners. Accordingly, the combustion exhaust gas also contains little or no NO x emissions, which is why it is possible to dispense with expensive de-NO x devices. Since that Combustion exhaust instead of nitrogen mainly contains the good emitters CO 2 , heat transfers run much more by radiation, rather than by ineffective compared to convection. The subset of combustion exhaust gas,
- CO 2 is separated off at least from this subset of the combustion exhaust gas before it is discharged into the environment.
- Combustion exhaust gas thereby enables a more economical production of CO 2 from the combustion exhaust gas than previous process procedures, in which the CO 2 content of the combustion exhaust gas is substantially lower.
- the separated CO 2 can, for example, be liquefied and sequestered, which leads to a reduction of the CO 2 emissions of the process for the reduction of metal oxides.
- the fuel gas contains at least one gas from the group
- top gas - gaseous hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, methane, propane. Syngas from coal gasification, coke oven gas
- the fuel gas consists of at least one gas of this
- Another object of the present invention is a
- Reduction unit for the reduction of metal oxides to metallized material
- a reformer for carrying out catalytic reforming of a mixture of
- the reformer is provided with a mixture supply line for supplying the mixture, and wherein the reformer is provided with burners for supplying heat by combustion of fuel gas, a reducing gas supply line for hot reducing gas from the reformer into the reduction unit, a discharge line for the discharge of top gas from the reduction unit, a discharge line for drawing off combustion exhaust gas from the reformer, which contains at least one device for cooling the combustion exhaust gas and for releasing the combustion exhaust gas from water,
- Water preferably takes place within the same device.
- the liberation of water is partially or completely; one is at least partially preferred
- the apparatus for supplying the gas mixture, produced from a subset of the combustion exhaust gas obtained after passing through the at least one device for cooling and freeing water and pure oxygen comprises a gas mixture line branching from the exhaust line, into which an oxygen supply line for supplying pure oxygen flows.
- a device for generating CO 2 from a stream of combustion exhaust gas is present in the discharge line. In this way, the amount of CO 2 released into the atmosphere of the environment can be reduced; For example, the generated CO 2 can be supplied to a sequestration.
- the CO 2 is generated, for example, by separation from the stream of combustion exhaust gas.
- the device for separating CO 2 from a stream of combustion exhaust gas in the flow direction of the combustion exhaust gas before or after the point at which the gas mixture line branches off from the exhaust duct may be arranged.
- the apparatus for supplying a gas mixture containing a subset of the combustion exhaust gas and pure oxygen, with means for heating the gas mixture, for example, recuperators for heating by the combustion exhaust gas by way of heat transfer of combustion exhaust gas to the gas mixture is provided.
- the reduction aggregate is a fluidized bed cascade.
- the reduction aggregate is a fixed bed reduction well.
- FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention in which the gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) is top gas.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- H 2 O water vapor
- Figure 2 shows an analogous device in which the gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) comes from a different source than in Figure 1.
- a reduction unit 1 here a fixed bed reduction shaft, via the Oxidzugabevoriques 2 metal oxides 3, which are iron oxides added, for example as pellets or lumpy ore.
- metal oxides 3 which are iron oxides added, for example as pellets or lumpy ore.
- the top gas which in the reduction unit at the reduction of metal oxides to metallized material from the reducing gas is formed, discharged from the reduction unit.
- compressors 17a 17b are present to overcome the pressure drop in the gas-bearing system parts.
- a mixture of top gas and gaseous hydrocarbons in this case natural gas
- the natural gas is supplied via the natural gas line 7.
- the reformer 4 is provided with burners 8a, 8b, 8c for supplying heat by combustion of fuel gas.
- the hot reducing gas formed in the reformer 4 is supplied via the reducing gas supply line 9 to the reduction unit 1.
- About a discharge line 10 for removing the resulting in the combustion of fuel gas in the reformer combustion exhaust gas is the Combustion exhaust gas withdrawn from the reformer.
- the combustion exhaust gas flows out of the reformer 4.
- the exhaust duct 10 includes a device 11 for cooling the combustion exhaust gas and for releasing the combustion exhaust gas from water. Cooling and liberation of water take place in the same device.
- the burners 8a, 8b, 8c are provided with devices for supplying fuel gas, represented by the fuel gas line 12. Through the fuel gas line 12, the burners 8a, 8b, 8c as fuel gas, a mixture of
- this gas mixture is supplied to the burners 8a, 8b, 8c.
- the fuel gas is burned with the oxygen-containing gas mixture by means of this burner with the release of heat.
- This device for supplying a gas mixture is represented by the gas mixture line 15.
- the gas mixture line 15 branches off from the discharge line 10.
- an oxygen supply line 16 for supplying pure oxygen into the mixed gas line 15 opens.
- a device for generating CO 2 18 from the flow of the combustion exhaust gas is present.
- the combustion exhaust gas is compressed by a compressor 19.
- the separated CO 2 -rich gas or the separated CO 2 -rich liquid from the apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention is carried out via a CO 2 discharge line 20 shown by dashed lines. After export, it can be sequestered, for example.
- the device for generating CO 2 18 from the stream of combustion exhaust gas is seen in the flow direction of the combustion exhaust gas behind the point at which the Gas mixture line 15 branches off from the discharge line 10, arranged.
- the generation of CO 2 is carried out by separation from the stream of combustion exhaust gas.
- Another branch of the discharge line 10 leads into a chimney, through which the combustion exhaust gas can be discharged into the environment, for example, during shutdowns of the device for generating CO 2 18 and this downstream equipment.
- a mixing chamber in the gas mixture line is present between the point at which the oxygen supply line for supplying pure oxygen flows into the gas mixture line and the burners, which serves for better mixing of the gas mixture.
- FIG. 2 shows a device analogous to FIG. 1, with the difference that the gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) is not top gas but syngas from a coal gasification process.
- This syngas from a coal gasification process is introduced via the opening into the mixture supply line 6 Syngastechnisch 23 in the mixture supply line 6.
- the mixture of syngas and natural gas generated in the mixture feed line 6 is reformed in the reformer 4.
- the device parts added to Figure 1 in Figure 2 and the natural gas line 7 are provided with reference numerals. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Reformergasbasiertes Reduktionsverfahren mit vermindertem NOx-Ausstoß Reformer gas-based reduction process with reduced NO x emissions
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reduktion von Metalloxiden zu metallisiertem Material durch Kontakt mit heißem Reduktionsgas, welches zumindest zum Teil durch katalytische Reformierung eines Gemisches von The present invention relates to a process for the reduction of metal oxides to metallized material by contact with hot reducing gas which, at least in part, by catalytic reforming of a mixture of
einem Gas, das Kohlendioxid (CO2) und/oder Wasserdampf (H2O) enthält, mit gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) with gaseous hydrocarbons,
hergestellt wird, wobei die Wärme für die bei der Reformierung ablaufenden endothermen Reformierungsprozesse zumindest teilweise durch Verbrennung eines Brenngases geliefert wird. Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. is produced, wherein the heat for the running during the reforming endothermic reforming processes is at least partially supplied by combustion of a fuel gas. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
Ein Verfahren zur Reduktion von Metalloxiden zu metallisiertem Material durch Kontakt mit heißem Reduktionsgas, welches zumindest zum Teil durch katalytische Reformierung von Erdgas hergestellt wird, wobei die Wärme für die bei der Reformierung ablaufenden endothermen Reformierungsprozesse zumindest teilweise durch Verbrennung eines Brenngases geliefert wird, ist beispielsweise in Figur 1 der WO2006135984 beschrieben. Aufgrund gesetzlicher Bestimmungen ist die Möglichkeit zur effizienten Abscheidung von CO2 aus den bei dem Verfahren entstehenden Abgasen gewünscht, bevor sie in die Umwelt entlassen werden. Bei einem Verfahren wie in WO2006135984 gezeigt wird das Brenngas für den Reformer mit Luft als Sauerstoffquelle verbrannt, weshalb das Verbrennungsabgas eine große Menge Stickstoff enthält. Entsprechend müssen nachfolgende Anlagen zur CO2-Entfernung aus dem Verbrennungsabgas entsprechend groß ausgelegt sein. Zudem kommen für eine CO2-Entfernung aus dem unter geringem Druck stehenden Verbrennungsabgas nur chemische Absorptionsverfahren in Frage, die eine große Bauweise und hohen Energieverbrauch aufweisen. A process for the reduction of metal oxides to metallized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is at least partially produced by catalytic reforming of natural gas, wherein the heat for the endothermic reforming processes occurring in the reforming is at least partially provided by combustion of a fuel gas, for example Figure 1 of WO2006135984 described. By legislation, it is desirable to be able to efficiently remove CO 2 from the exhaust gases produced by the process before they are released into the environment. In a method as shown in WO2006135984, the fuel gas for the reformer is burned with air as an oxygen source, and therefore, the combustion exhaust gas contains a large amount of nitrogen. Accordingly, the following systems for CO 2 removal from the combustion exhaust gas must be designed to be correspondingly large. In addition, for CO 2 removal from the low-pressure combustion exhaust gas only chemical absorption methods in question, which have a large design and high energy consumption.
Weiterhin ergeben sich durch den Stickstoff hohe NOx-Gehalte des Verbrennungsabgases, wenn konventionelle Brenner verwendet werden. Dadurch werden aufgrund von immer strenger werdenden Umweltvorschriften meist nachgeschaltete Entstickungs- anlagen, insbesondere das Verfahren zur selektiven katalytischen Reduktion von Stickoxiden (SCR), notwendig. Bei Einsatz von Low-NOx-Brennern wiederum werden zwar hohe NOx-Gehalte des Verbrennungsabgases vermieden, jedoch ist das Flammenbild solcher Brenner nachteilig für die Verwendung im Reformer. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Verwendung von Luft als Sauerstoffquelle ergibt sich daraus, dass Wärmeübergänge im Reformer, und gegebenenfalls in den Verbrennungsabgasleitungen vorhandenen Rekuperatoren, aufgrund des hohen Stickstoffgehaltes nur in geringerem Ausmaß durch Strahlung und überwiegend durch Konvektion erfolgt, was einen wesentlich ineffizienteren Wärmeübergang als durch Strahlung bedingt. Furthermore, the nitrogen results in high NO x contents of the combustion exhaust gas when conventional burners are used. As a result, increasingly downstream denitrification systems, in particular the process for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (SCR), become necessary due to increasingly stringent environmental regulations. When low NO x burners are used, in turn, high NO x contents of the combustion exhaust gas are avoided, but the flame pattern of such burners is disadvantageous for use in the reformer. Another disadvantage of the use of air as an oxygen source results from the fact that heat transfers in the reformer, and possibly in the combustion exhaust gas recuperators existing due to the high nitrogen content only to a lesser extent by radiation and predominantly by convection, resulting in a much more inefficient heat transfer than by radiation conditionally.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens bereitzustellen, mit dem die genannten Nachteile überwunden werden können. It is the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for carrying out the method, with which the mentioned disadvantages can be overcome.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein This task is solved by
Verfahren zur Reduktion von Metalloxiden zu metallisiertem Material durch Kontakt mit heißem Reduktionsgas, wobei das Reduktionsgas zumindest zum Teil durch katalytische Reformierung eines Gemisches von A method of reducing metal oxides to metallized material by contact with hot reducing gas, wherein the reducing gas is at least partially catalytically reformed a mixture of
einem Gas, das Kohlendioxid (CO2) und/oder Wasserdampf (H2O) enthält, mit gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) with gaseous hydrocarbons
hergestellt wird, wobei die Wärme für die bei der Reformierung ablaufenden endothermen Reformierungsprozesse zumindest teilweise durch Verbrennung eines Brenngases geliefert wird, und das dabei entstehende Verbrennungsabgas abgezogen wird, wobei es gekühlt und von Wasser befreit wird, wherein the heat for the endothermic reforming processes occurring in the reforming is at least partially supplied by combustion of a fuel gas, and the resulting combustion exhaust gas is withdrawn, whereby it is cooled and freed of water,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der für die Verbrennung des Brenngases benötigte characterized in that required for the combustion of the fuel gas
Sauerstoff dem Brenngas mit einem Gasgemisch, Oxygen the fuel gas with a gas mixture,
hergestellt aus einer Teilmenge des gekühlten und von Wasser befreiten prepared from a subset of the cooled and liberated from water
Verbrennungsabgases und reinem Sauerstoff, zugeführt wird. Combustion exhaust gas and pure oxygen, is supplied.
Die Befreiung von Wasser kann teilweise oder vollständig sein; es soll zumindest eine teilweise Befreiung von Wasser erfolgen. Bevorzugterweise handelt es sich bei den Metalloxiden um Eisenoxide. Weiters können aber auch, gemäß Richardson-Jeffes-Diagramm, beispielsweise Nickel, Kupfer, Blei, , Kobalt reduziert werden. The liberation of water may be partial or complete; it should be at least a partial liberation of water. Preferably, the metal oxides are iron oxides. Furthermore, however, according to Richardson-Jeffes diagram, for example, nickel, copper, lead, cobalt can be reduced.
Das Reduktionsgas wird zumindest zum Teil durch katalytische Reformierung eines Gemisches von einem Gas, das Kohlendioxid (CO2) und/oder Wasserdampf (H2O) enthält, mit gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen The reducing gas is at least in part by catalytic reforming of a mixture of a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) with gaseous hydrocarbons
hergestellt. Diese Reformierung erfolgt durch zumindest teilweise Umsetzung der gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffe mit H2O und CO2 zu Wasserstoff (H2) und Kohlenmonoxid (CO). Die für die Reformierung benötigten Substanzen H2O und/oder CO2 können dem Gemisch zur Reformierung jeweils einzeln oder zusammen zugegeben werden, und/oder es wird das in dem Gas, das Kohlendioxid CO2 und/oder Wasserdampf H2O enthält, vorhandene H2O und/oder CO2 genutzt. Bevorzugt ist es, dem Gemisch zumindest H2O - als Wasserdampf - zuzugeben. produced. This reforming is carried out by at least partial reaction of the gaseous hydrocarbons with H 2 O and CO 2 to hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). The substances H 2 O and / or CO 2 required for the reforming can each be added to the mixture for reforming individually or together, and / or it is present in the gas containing carbon dioxide CO 2 and / or water vapor H 2 O. H 2 O and / or CO 2 used. It is preferred to add at least H 2 O - as water vapor - to the mixture.
Unter gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen sind beispielsweise Erdgas, Methan, Propan, Syngas aus Kohlevergasung, Koksofengas zu verstehen. Der Begriff gasförmige Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst sowohl die Möglichkeit, dass lediglich eine Verbindung, beispielsweise reines Propan, vorliegt, als auch die Möglichkeit, dass ein Gemisch aus mehreren Verbindungen vorliegt, beispielsweise ein Gemisch aus Propan und Methan. Gaseous hydrocarbons are, for example, natural gas, methane, propane, syngas from coal gasification, coke oven gas. The term gaseous hydrocarbons includes both the possibility that only one compound, for example pure propane, is present, as well as the possibility that a mixture of several compounds is present, for example a mixture of propane and methane.
Das Gas, das Kohlendioxid CO2 und/oder Wasserdampf H2O enthält, ist beispielsweiseThe gas containing carbon dioxide CO 2 and / or water vapor H 2 O is, for example
Topgas aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Reduktion von Metalloxiden. UnterTop gas from the process according to the invention for the reduction of metal oxides. Under
Topgas ist dabei das Gas zu verstehen, welches aus dem Reduktionsaggregat, in dem die Reduktion der Metalloxide zu metallisiertem Material stattfindet, abgeführt wird. Vor der Reformierung wird es gegebenenfalls noch gereinigt, beispielsweise durchTop gas is to be understood as the gas which is removed from the reduction unit in which the reduction of the metal oxides to metallized material takes place. Before the reforming, it is optionally still purified, for example by
Abscheidung von mitgeführtem Staub und/oder Wasser. Separation of entrained dust and / or water.
Das Gas, das Kohlendioxid CO2 und/oder Wasserdampf H2O enthält, kann beispielsweise auch Exportgas aus einem anderen Verfahren zur Reduktion von Metalloxiden sein, beispielsweise Schmelzreduktionsverfahren, oder Syngas aus einemThe gas containing carbon dioxide CO 2 and / or water vapor H 2 O, for example, be export gas from another process for the reduction of metal oxides, for example, smelting reduction process, or syngas from a
Kohlevergasungsverfahren wie beispielsweise einem Lurgi Festbettvergaser oderCoal gasification processes such as a Lurgi fixed bed gasifier or
Siemens Flugstromvergaser. Siemens air flow gasifier.
Bevorzugt ist es Topgas aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Reduktion von It is preferably top gas from the process according to the invention for the reduction of
Metalloxiden. Metal oxides.
Eine typische Zusammensetzung von Topgas aus einem Direktreduktionsverfahren ist inA typical composition of top gas from a direct reduction process is in
Tabelle 1 gezeigt: Tabelle 1 : Typische Gaszusammensetzung von DR Topgas Table 1 shows: Table 1: Typical gas composition of DR Topgas
Topgaszusammensetzung nach Gasreinigung Top gas composition after gas purification
CO [vol%] 20 - 25 CO [vol%] 20 - 25
CO2 [vol%] 15 - 20 CO 2 [vol%] 15-20
H2 [vol%] 40 - 46 H 2 [vol%] 40-46
H2O [vol%] 0 - 18 H 2 O [vol%] 0 - 18
CH4 [vol%] 2 - 4 CH 4 [vol%] 2 - 4
N2 [vol%] 1 - 2 In dem Gas, das Kohlendioxid CO2 und/oder Wasserdampf H2O enthält, beträgt die Untergrenze der Menge an Kohlendioxid CO2 0 Vol%, bevorzugt 5 Vol%, besonders bevorzugt 15 Vol%, und die Obergrenze der Menge an der Menge an Kohlendioxid CO2 25 Vol%, bevorzugt 30 Vol%, besonders bevorzugt 40 Vol%. In dem Gas, das Kohlendioxid CO2 und/oder Wasserdampf H2O enthält, beträgt die Untergrenze der Menge an Wasserdampf H2O 0 Vol%, bevorzugt 10 Vol%, und die Obergrenze der Menge an der Menge Wasserdampf H2O 20 Vol%, bevorzugt 55 Vol%. N 2 [vol%] 1 - 2 In the gas containing carbon dioxide CO 2 and / or water vapor H 2 O, the lower limit of the amount of carbon dioxide CO 2 is 0% by volume, preferably 5% by volume, particularly preferably 15% by volume. and the upper limit of the amount of the amount of carbon dioxide CO 2 is 25% by volume, preferably 30% by volume, more preferably 40% by volume. In the gas containing carbon dioxide CO 2 and / or water vapor H 2 O, the lower limit of the amount of water vapor is H 2 O 0 vol%, preferably 10 vol%, and the upper limit of the amount of water vapor H 2 O 20 vol %, preferably 55% by volume.
Durch die katalytische Reformierung wird ein Reduktionsgas erhalten, welches als reduzierende Bestandteile hauptsächlich H2 und CO enthält. Es ist bekannt, dass es sich bei einer solchen Reformierung um eine endotherme Reaktion handelt, weshalb dem Reformer beispielsweise durch Verbrennung von Brenngas mit Sauerstoff, in Brennern, die dem Reformer zugeordnet sind, Wärme zugeführt wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird der für diese Verbrennung des Brenngases benötigte Sauerstoff dem Brenngas mit einem Gasgemisch, hergestellt aus einer Teilmenge des gekühlten und weitgehend von Wasser befreiten Verbrennungsabgases und reinem Sauerstoff, , zugeführt. Bevorzugterweise setzt sich das Gasgemisch aus By the catalytic reforming, a reducing gas is obtained, which contains as reducing constituents mainly H 2 and CO. It is known that such a reforming is an endothermic reaction, for which reason heat is supplied to the reformer, for example, by combustion of fuel gas with oxygen in burners associated with the reformer. According to the invention, the oxygen required for this combustion of the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas with a gas mixture prepared from a subset of the cooled and largely freed of water combustion exhaust gas and pure oxygen. Preferably, the gas mixture is composed
zumindest 10 Vol%, bevorzugt zumindest 20 Vol%, bis zu 25 Vol%, bevorzugt bis zu 30 Vol% reinem O2 , und at least 10% by volume, preferably at least 20% by volume, up to 25% by volume, preferably up to 30% by volume of pure O 2 , and
zumindest 70 Vol%, bevorzugt zumindest 75 Vol%, bis zu 80 Vol%. bevorzugt bis zu 90 Vol% Verbrennungsabgas at least 70% by volume, preferably at least 75% by volume, up to 80% by volume. preferably up to 90% by volume of combustion exhaust gas
zusammen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist unter reinem Sauerstoff ein überwiegend aus Sauerstoff bestehendes Gas, bevorzugterweise mit einem Sauerstoffgehalt von über 90 Vol%, besonders bevorzugt von über 95 Vol%, zu verstehen; der Rest auf 100 Vol% besteht dabei hauptsächlich von Stickstoff, sowie anderen Luftbestandteilen wie Argon. Das ist beispielsweise deshalb relevant, weil die Anforderungen nach DYNAMIS - einem Projekt der Europäischen Kommission zu dem Thema„Capture and storage of CO2, associated with cleaner fossil fuels" - über die Qualität eines CO2-reichen Stromes >95 Vol% CO2 und für alle nicht kondensierbare Gas - wie beispielsweise N2, Ar, H2 - < 4 Vol% vorschreiben. Das ist für bei Verfahren gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung anfallenden - aus dem Verbrennungsabgas stammenden - CO2-reichen Gasströmen nur mit hohen O2 Reinheiten bei der Verbrennung des Brenngases erzielbar. together. In this context, pure oxygen is to be understood as meaning a gas consisting predominantly of oxygen, preferably having an oxygen content of more than 90% by volume, particularly preferably more than 95% by volume; the remainder to 100% by volume consists mainly of nitrogen and other air constituents such as argon. This is relevant, for example, because the requirements of DYNAMIS - a project of the European Commission on the capture and storage of CO 2 associated with cleaner fossil fuels - on the quality of a CO 2 -rich stream> 95% vol CO 2 and prescribe for all non-condensable gas - such as N 2 , Ar, H 2 - <4% by volume, for CO 2 -rich gas streams resulting from processes according to the present invention - originating from the combustion exhaust gas - only with high O 2 purities achievable during combustion of the fuel gas.
Je höher der Sauerstoffgehalt im reinen Sauerstoff ist, desto höher ist der CO2-Gehalt im Verbrennungsabgas, relativ zum Stickstoffgehalt, und desto niedriger ist der Anteil an nicht kondensierbaren Gasen im Verbrennungsabgas. The higher the oxygen content in pure oxygen, the higher the CO 2 content in the combustion exhaust gas, relative to the nitrogen content, and the lower the proportion of non-condensable gases in the combustion exhaust gas.
Das gekühlte und von Wasser befreite Verbrennungsabgas des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht überwiegend aus CO2. Die erfindungsgemäße Zufuhr des für die Verbrennung benötigten Sauerstoffs mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Gasgemisches hat den Vorteil, dass durch das gewählte Mischungsverhältniss des CO2-hältigen gekühlten und weitgehend von Wasser befreiten Verbrennungsabgases und des reinen Sauerstoffs sich die Flammentemperatur entsprechend einstellen lässt. The cooled and de-watered combustion exhaust gas of the process according to the invention consists predominantly of CO 2 . The supply according to the invention of the oxygen required for the combustion with the gas mixture according to the invention has the advantage that the flame temperature can be set correspondingly by the selected mixing ratio of the CO 2 -containing cooled and largely freed of combustion flue gas and of pure oxygen.
Das Gasgemisch The gas mixture
wird vor seiner Zuführung zu den Brennern vorgewärmt, und zwar bevorzugterweise durch Wärmeaustausch mit dem Verbrennungsabgas. Durch die Vorwärmung kann die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens durch einen geringeren Gesamtenergieverbrauch, weil dadurch die Wärme des Verbrennungsabgases wieder in das Reduktionsverfahren rückgeführt wird. is preheated prior to its supply to the burners, preferably by heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas. By preheating the economy of the process by a lower total energy consumption, because thereby the heat of the combustion exhaust gas is returned to the reduction process.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensführung wird - im Vergleich zur Verwendung von Luft als Sauerstoffspender - wesentlich weniger beziehungsweise vernachlässigbar kleine Mengen an Stickstoff zu den Brennern geführt. Entsprechend enthält das Verbrennungsabgas auch nur geringe beziehungsweise keine NOx-Emissionen, weshalb auf aufwändige De-NOx-Vorrichtungen verzichtet werden kann. Da das Verbrennungsabgas statt Stickstoff hauptsächlich den guten Strahler CO2 enthält, laufen Wärmeübergänge wesentlich stärker durch Strahlung, statt durch im Vergleich dazu ineffizientere Konvektion ab. Die Teilmenge des Verbrennungsabgases, In the process of the invention is - compared to the use of air as an oxygen donor - much less or negligible amounts of nitrogen fed to the burners. Accordingly, the combustion exhaust gas also contains little or no NO x emissions, which is why it is possible to dispense with expensive de-NO x devices. Since that Combustion exhaust instead of nitrogen mainly contains the good emitters CO 2 , heat transfers run much more by radiation, rather than by ineffective compared to convection. The subset of combustion exhaust gas,
welche nicht für die Bildung des Gasgemisches für die Brenner genutzt wird, wird in diewhich is not used for the formation of the gas mixture for the burners is included in the
Umwelt entlassen. Dismiss environment.
Vorteilhafterweise wird zumindest aus dieser Teilmenge des Verbrennungsabgases CO2 abgetrennt, bevor sie in die Umwelt entlassen wird. Advantageously, CO 2 is separated off at least from this subset of the combustion exhaust gas before it is discharged into the environment.
Der bei erfindungsgemäßer Verfahrensführung hohe CO2-Gehalt desThe process according to the invention high CO 2 content of
Verbrennungsabgases ermöglicht dabei eine wirtschaftlichere Erzeugung von CO2 aus dem Verbrennungsabgas als bisherige Verfahrensführungen, bei denen der CO2-Gehalt des Verbrennungsabgases wesentlich geringer ist. Combustion exhaust gas thereby enables a more economical production of CO 2 from the combustion exhaust gas than previous process procedures, in which the CO 2 content of the combustion exhaust gas is substantially lower.
Das abgetrennte CO2 kann beispielsweise verflüssigt und sequestriert werden, was zu einer Senkung der CO2-Emissionen des Verfahrens zur Reduktion von Metalloxiden führt. The separated CO 2 can, for example, be liquefied and sequestered, which leads to a reduction of the CO 2 emissions of the process for the reduction of metal oxides.
In dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren enthält das Brenngas zumindest ein Gas aus der Gruppe In the method according to the invention, the fuel gas contains at least one gas from the group
- bei der Reduktion von Metalloxiden zu metallisiertem Material anfallendes Topgas, - gasförmige Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie beispielsweise Erdgas, Methan, Propan. Syngas aus Kohlevergasung, Koksofengas - in the reduction of metal oxides to metallized material resulting top gas, - gaseous hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, methane, propane. Syngas from coal gasification, coke oven gas
Nach einer Ausführungsform besteht das Brenngas aus zumindest einem Gas dieser According to one embodiment, the fuel gas consists of at least one gas of this
Gruppe. Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Group. Another object of the present invention is a
Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, mit einem Apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, with a
Reduktionsaggregat zur Reduktion von Metalloxiden zu metallisiertem Material, einem Reformer zur Durchführung katalytischer Reformierung eines Gemisches vonReduction unit for the reduction of metal oxides to metallized material, a reformer for carrying out catalytic reforming of a mixture of
- einem Gas, das Kohlendioxid (CO2) und Wasserdampf (H2O) enthält, mit - A gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapor (H 2 O), with
- gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, - gaseous hydrocarbons,
wobei der Reformer mit einer Gemischzufuhrleitung zur Zufuhr des Gemisches versehen ist, und wobei der Reformer mit Brennern zur Lieferung von Wärme durch Verbrennung von Brenngas versehen ist, einer Reduktionsgaszufuhrleitung für heißes Reduktionsgas aus dem Reformer in das Reduktionsaggregat, einer Abfuhrleitung zur Abfuhr von Topgas aus dem Reduktionsaggregat, einer Abzugsleitung zum Abziehen von Verbrennungsabgas aus dem Reformer, welche zumindest eine Vorrichtung zum Kühlen des Verbrennungsabgases und zur Befreiung des Verbrennungsabgases von Wasser enthält, wherein the reformer is provided with a mixture supply line for supplying the mixture, and wherein the reformer is provided with burners for supplying heat by combustion of fuel gas, a reducing gas supply line for hot reducing gas from the reformer into the reduction unit, a discharge line for the discharge of top gas from the reduction unit, a discharge line for drawing off combustion exhaust gas from the reformer, which contains at least one device for cooling the combustion exhaust gas and for releasing the combustion exhaust gas from water,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Brenner that the burners
mit einer Vorrichtung zur Zuführung von Brenngas with a device for supplying fuel gas
und mit einer Vorrichtung zur Zuführung von einem Gasgemisch, and with a device for supplying a gas mixture,
hergestellt aus einer Teilmenge des made from a subset of the
nach Durchlaufen der zumindest einen Vorrichtung zum Kühlen und zur Befreiung von Wasser erhaltenen Verbrennungsabgases after passing through the at least one device for cooling and for the liberation of water obtained combustion exhaust gas
und reinem Sauerstoff, and pure oxygen,
versehen sind. are provided.
Das Kühlen des Verbrennungsabgases und die Befreiung des Verbrennungsabgases von The cooling of the combustion exhaust gas and the liberation of the combustion exhaust gas of
Wasser erfolgt bevorzugterweise innerhalb derselben Vorrichtung. Dabei erfolgt die Befreiung von Wasser teilweise oder vollständig; bevorzugt ist eine zumindest teilweiseWater preferably takes place within the same device. The liberation of water is partially or completely; one is at least partially preferred
Befreiung von Wasser. Liberation of water.
Nach einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Vorrichtung zur Zuführung des Gasgemisches, hergestellt aus einer Teilmenge des nach Durchlaufen der zumindest einen Vorrichtung zum Kühlen und zur Befreiung von Wasser erhaltenen Verbrennungsabgases und aus reinem Sauerstoff, eine von der Abzugsleitung abzweigende Gasgemischleitung, in welche eine Sauerstoffzufuhrleitung zur Zufuhr von reinem Sauerstoff mündet. Vorzugsweise ist in der Abzugsleitung eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von CO2 aus einem Strom von Verbrennungsabgas vorhanden. Auf diese Weise kann die in die Atmosphäre der Umwelt entlassene CO2-Menge vermindert werden; beispielsweise kann das erzeugte CO2 einer Sequestrierung zugeführt werden. Das CO2 wird dabei beispielsweise durch Abtrennung aus dem Strom des Verbrennungsabgases erzeugt. According to one embodiment, the apparatus for supplying the gas mixture, produced from a subset of the combustion exhaust gas obtained after passing through the at least one device for cooling and freeing water and pure oxygen, comprises a gas mixture line branching from the exhaust line, into which an oxygen supply line for supplying pure oxygen flows. Preferably, a device for generating CO 2 from a stream of combustion exhaust gas is present in the discharge line. In this way, the amount of CO 2 released into the atmosphere of the environment can be reduced; For example, the generated CO 2 can be supplied to a sequestration. The CO 2 is generated, for example, by separation from the stream of combustion exhaust gas.
Die Vorrichtung zur Abtrennung von CO2 aus einem Strom von Verbrennungsabgas in Strömungsrichtung des Verbrennungsabgases gesehen vor oder hinter der Stelle, an welcher die Gasgemischleitung von der Abzugsleitung abzweigt, angeordnet sein. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Vorrichtung zur Zuführung von einem Gasgemisch, enthaltend eine Teilmenge des Verbrennungsabgases und reinem Sauerstoff, mit Vorrichtungen zur Erwärmung des Gasgemisches, beispielsweise Rekuperatoren zur Erwärmung durch das Verbrennungsabgas auf dem Wege von Wärmeübertragung von Verbrennungsabgas auf das Gasgemisch, versehen. The device for separating CO 2 from a stream of combustion exhaust gas in the flow direction of the combustion exhaust gas before or after the point at which the gas mixture line branches off from the exhaust duct may be arranged. Advantageously, the apparatus for supplying a gas mixture containing a subset of the combustion exhaust gas and pure oxygen, with means for heating the gas mixture, for example, recuperators for heating by the combustion exhaust gas by way of heat transfer of combustion exhaust gas to the gas mixture is provided.
Nach einer Ausführungsform ist das Reduktionsaggregat eine Wirbelschichtkaskade. In one embodiment, the reduction aggregate is a fluidized bed cascade.
Nach einer anderen Ausführungsform ist das Reduktionsaggregat ein Festbettreduktionsschacht. In another embodiment, the reduction aggregate is a fixed bed reduction well.
Im Folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand von schematischen Figuren näher erklärt. Figur 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, bei der das Gas, das Kohlendioxid (CO2) und/oder Wasserdampf (H2O) enthält, Topgas ist. In the following, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to schematic figures. FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention in which the gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) is top gas.
Figur 2 zeigt eine analoge Vorrichtung, bei der das Gas, das Kohlendioxid (CO2) und/oder Wasserdampf (H2O) enthält, aus einer anderen Quelle als in Figur 1 stammt. In Figur 1 werden in ein Reduktionsaggregat 1 , hier einem Festbettreduktionsschacht, über die Oxidzugabevorrichtung 2 Metalloxide 3, bei denen es sich um Eisenoxide handelt, zugegeben, beispielsweise als Pellets oder stückiges Erz. Über die Abfuhrleitung 5 wird das Topgas, welches in dem Reduktionsaggregat bei der Reduktion der Metalloxide zu metallisiertem Material aus dem Reduktionsgas entsteht, aus dem Reduktionsaggregat abgeführt. In der Abfuhrleitung 5 sind Verdichter 17a 17b vorhanden, zur Überwindung des Druckabfalls in den Gas führenden Anlagenteilen. In einen Reformer 4 zur katalytischen Reformierung eines Gemisches aus Topgas und gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen wird über eine Gemischzufuhrleitung 6 ein Gemisch von Topgas und gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, in diesem Fall Erdgas, zugeführt. Das Erdgas wird dabei über die Erdgasleitung 7 zugeführt.. Der Reformer 4 ist mit Brennern 8a, 8b, 8c zur Lieferung von Wärme durch Verbrennung von Brenngas versehen. Das im Reformer 4 gebildete heiße Reduktionsgas wird über die Reduktionsgaszufuhrleitung 9 dem Reduktionsaggregat 1 zugeführt. Über eine Abzugsleitung 10 zum Abziehen des bei der Verbrennung von Brenngas im Reformer anfallenden Verbrennungsabgases wird das Verbrennungsabgas aus dem Reformer abgezogen. Das Verbrennungsabgas strömt dabei aus dem Reformer 4 heraus. Figure 2 shows an analogous device in which the gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) comes from a different source than in Figure 1. In Figure 1 are in a reduction unit 1, here a fixed bed reduction shaft, via the Oxidzugabevorrichtung 2 metal oxides 3, which are iron oxides added, for example as pellets or lumpy ore. Via the discharge line 5, the top gas, which in the reduction unit at the reduction of metal oxides to metallized material from the reducing gas is formed, discharged from the reduction unit. In the discharge line 5 compressors 17a 17b are present to overcome the pressure drop in the gas-bearing system parts. In a reformer 4 for the catalytic reforming of a mixture of top gas and gaseous hydrocarbons, a mixture of top gas and gaseous hydrocarbons, in this case natural gas, is supplied via a mixture feed line 6. The natural gas is supplied via the natural gas line 7. The reformer 4 is provided with burners 8a, 8b, 8c for supplying heat by combustion of fuel gas. The hot reducing gas formed in the reformer 4 is supplied via the reducing gas supply line 9 to the reduction unit 1. About a discharge line 10 for removing the resulting in the combustion of fuel gas in the reformer combustion exhaust gas is the Combustion exhaust gas withdrawn from the reformer. The combustion exhaust gas flows out of the reformer 4.
Die Abzugsleitung 10 enthält eine Vorrichtung 11 zum Kühlen des Verbrennungsabgases und zur Befreiung des Verbrennungsabgases von Wasser. Kühlung und Befreiung von Wasser erfolgen in derselben Vorrichtung. Die Brenner 8a, 8b, 8c sind mit Vorrichtungen zur Zuführung von Brenngas, dargestellt durch die Brenngasleitung 12, versehen. Durch die Brenngasleitung 12 wird den Brennern 8a, 8b, 8c als Brenngas ein Gemisch aus The exhaust duct 10 includes a device 11 for cooling the combustion exhaust gas and for releasing the combustion exhaust gas from water. Cooling and liberation of water take place in the same device. The burners 8a, 8b, 8c are provided with devices for supplying fuel gas, represented by the fuel gas line 12. Through the fuel gas line 12, the burners 8a, 8b, 8c as fuel gas, a mixture of
in einer in der Abfuhrleitung für Topgas 5 enthaltenen in a contained in the discharge line for Topgas 5
Topgasentstaubungsvorrichtung 13 entstaubtem Topgas, und Topgasentstaubungsvorrichtung 13 dedusted top gas, and
- dem gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoff Erdgas, welches über eine strichliert dargestellte Erdgaszuleitung 14 in die Brenngasleitung 12 zugeführt wird, zugeleitet. - The gaseous hydrocarbon natural gas, which is fed via a dash-lined natural gas feed line 14 into the fuel gas line 12, fed.
Über die Vorrichtung zur Zuführung von einem Gasgemisch hergestellt aus Made of the device for supplying a gas mixture
einer Teilmenge des nach Durchlaufen der Vorrichtung 11 zum Kühlen des Verbrennungsabgases und zur Befreiung des Verbrennungsabgases von Wasser erhaltenen Verbrennungsabgases, und a partial amount of the combustion exhaust gas obtained after passing through the device 11 for cooling the combustion exhaust gas and for liberating the combustion exhaust gas from water, and
reinem Sauerstoff, pure oxygen,
wird dieses Gasgemisch den Brennern 8a, 8b, 8c zugeführt. Das Brenngas wird mit dem sauerstoffhaltigen Gasgemisch mittels dieser Brenner unter Abgabe von Wärme verbrannt. Diese Vorrichtung zur Zuführung von einem Gasgemisch ist durch die Gasgemischleitung 15 dargestellt. Die Gasgemischleitung 15 zweigt von der Abzugsleitung 10 ab. In Strömungsrichtung des in der Gasgemischleitung 15 geführten Gases gesehen hinter der Abzweigung von der Abzugsleitung 10 mündet eine Sauerstoffzufuhrleitung 16 zur Zufuhr von reinem Sauerstoff in die Gasgemischleitung 15. this gas mixture is supplied to the burners 8a, 8b, 8c. The fuel gas is burned with the oxygen-containing gas mixture by means of this burner with the release of heat. This device for supplying a gas mixture is represented by the gas mixture line 15. The gas mixture line 15 branches off from the discharge line 10. As seen in the flow direction of the gas guided in the gas mixture line 15, behind the branching off the withdrawal line 10, an oxygen supply line 16 for supplying pure oxygen into the mixed gas line 15 opens.
In einem Ast der Abzugsleitung 10 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von CO2 18 aus dem Strom des Verbrennungsabgases vorhanden. Vor dieser Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von CO2 18 wird das Verbrennungsabgas durch einen Kompressor 19 verdichtet. Über eine strichliert dargestellte CO2-Abfuhrleitung 20 wird das abgetrennte CO2-reiche Gas beziehungsweise die abgetrennte CO2-reiche Flüssigkeit aus der Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgeführt. Nach der Ausfuhr kann es beispielsweise sequestriert werden. In a branch of the discharge line 10, a device for generating CO 2 18 from the flow of the combustion exhaust gas is present. In front of this CO 2 18 generating device, the combustion exhaust gas is compressed by a compressor 19. The separated CO 2 -rich gas or the separated CO 2 -rich liquid from the apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention is carried out via a CO 2 discharge line 20 shown by dashed lines. After export, it can be sequestered, for example.
Die Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von CO2 18 aus dem Strom des Verbrennungsabgases ist in Strömungsrichtung des Verbrennungsabgases gesehen hinter der Stelle, an der die Gasgemischleitung 15 von der Abzugsleitung 10 abzweigt, angeordnet. Die Erzeugung von CO2 erfolgt durch Abtrennung aus dem Strom des Verbrennungsabgases. The device for generating CO 2 18 from the stream of combustion exhaust gas is seen in the flow direction of the combustion exhaust gas behind the point at which the Gas mixture line 15 branches off from the discharge line 10, arranged. The generation of CO 2 is carried out by separation from the stream of combustion exhaust gas.
Ein anderer Ast der Abzugsleitung 10 führt in einen Kamin, durch den das Verbrennungsabgas in die Umwelt entlassen werden kann, beispielsweise während Stillständen der Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von CO2 18 beziehungsweise dieser nachgeschalteten Anlagen. Another branch of the discharge line 10 leads into a chimney, through which the combustion exhaust gas can be discharged into the environment, for example, during shutdowns of the device for generating CO 2 18 and this downstream equipment.
In der Abzugsleitung 10 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung des Gasgemisches, in diesem Fall ein Rekuperator 22 für indirekten Wärmeaustausch des Gasgemisches in der Gasgemischleitung mit dem Verbrennungsabgas in der Abzugsleitung 10, vorhanden. In the discharge line 10 is a device for heating the gas mixture, in this case a recuperator 22 for indirect heat exchange of the gas mixture in the gas mixture line with the combustion exhaust gas in the discharge line 10, is present.
Weiterhin ist in der Abzugsleitung 10 eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung des Gemisches aus Topgas und Erdgas in der Zufuhrleitung 6, in diesem Fall ein Rekuperator 21 für indirekten Wärmeaustausch des Gemisches aus Topgas und Erdgas in der Gasgemischleitung mit dem Verbrennungsabgas in der Abzugsleitung 10, vorhanden. Furthermore, a device for heating the mixture of top gas and natural gas in the supply line 6, in this case a recuperator 21 for indirect heat exchange of the mixture of top gas and natural gas in the gas mixture line with the combustion exhaust gas in the discharge line 10 is present in the discharge line 10.
Nach einer nicht in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist zwischen der Stelle, an der die Sauerstoffzufuhrleitung zur Zufuhr von reinem Sauerstoff in die Gasgemischleitung mündet, und den Brennern eine Mischkammer in der Gasgemischleitung vorhanden, die der besseren Durchmischung des Gasgemisches dient. According to an embodiment of the device according to the invention not shown in the figure, a mixing chamber in the gas mixture line is present between the point at which the oxygen supply line for supplying pure oxygen flows into the gas mixture line and the burners, which serves for better mixing of the gas mixture.
Figur 2 zeigt eine zu Figur 1 analoge Vorrichtung, mit dem Unterschied, dass als Gas, das Kohlendioxid (CO2) und/oder Wasserdampf (H2O) enthält, nicht Topgas, sondern Syngas aus einem Kohlevergasungsverfahren verwendet wird. Dieses Syngas aus einem nicht dargestellten Kohlevergasungsverfahren wird über die in die Gemischzufuhrleitung 6 mündende Syngasleitung 23 in die Gemischzufuhrleitung 6 eingeleitet. Das in der Gemischzufuhrleitung 6 dabei generierte Gemisch von Syngas und Erdgas wird im Reformer 4 reformiert. Zur besseren Übersichtlichkeit sind nur die in Figur 2 gegenüber Figur 1 hinzugekommenen Vorrichtungsteile sowie die Erdgasleitung 7 mit Bezugszeichen versehen. Bezugszeichenliste: FIG. 2 shows a device analogous to FIG. 1, with the difference that the gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and / or water vapor (H 2 O) is not top gas but syngas from a coal gasification process. This syngas from a coal gasification process, not shown, is introduced via the opening into the mixture supply line 6 Syngasleitung 23 in the mixture supply line 6. The mixture of syngas and natural gas generated in the mixture feed line 6 is reformed in the reformer 4. For the sake of clarity, only the device parts added to Figure 1 in Figure 2 and the natural gas line 7 are provided with reference numerals. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Reduktionsaggregat 1 reduction unit
2 Oxidzugabevorrichtung 2 Oxidzugabevorrichtung
3 Metalloxide 3 metal oxides
4 Reformer 4 reformers
5 Abfuhrleitung 5 discharge line
6 Gemischzufuhrleitung 6 Mixture supply line
7 Erdgasleitung 7 natural gas pipeline
8a, 8b, 8c Brenner 8a, 8b, 8c burner
9 Reduktionsgaszufuhrleitung 9 Reduction gas supply line
10 Abzugsleitung 10 discharge line
1 1 Vorrichtung zum Kühlen/Befreiung von H2O1 1 Apparatus for cooling / releasing H 2 O
12 Brenngasleitung 12 fuel gas line
13 Topgasentstaubungsvorrichtung 13 Topgas dedusting device
14 Erdgaszuleitung 14 natural gas supply
15 Gasgemischleitung 15 gas mixture line
16 Sauerstoffzufuhrleitung 16 oxygen supply line
17a, 17b Verdichter 17a, 17b compressors
18 Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von CO2 18 Device for generating CO 2
19 Kompressor 19 compressor
20 CO2-Abfuhrleitung 20 CO 2 discharge line
21 Rekuperator 21 recuperator
22 Rekuperator 22 recuperator
23 Syngasleitung 23 syngas line
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0121509A AT508522B1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2009-07-31 | REFORMERGAS-BASED REDUCTION PROCESS WITH REDUCED NOX EMISSION |
| PCT/EP2010/060174 WO2011012452A1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-07-15 | Reformer gas-based reducing method with reduced nox emission |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2480691A1 true EP2480691A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
Family
ID=42751721
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10737309A Withdrawn EP2480691A1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-07-15 | REFORMER GAS-BASED REDUCING METHOD WITH REDUCED NOx EMISSION |
Country Status (12)
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| US (2) | US9181595B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2480691A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2013501138A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101679288B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102471811A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT508522B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2010278187A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2769460C (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2012001205A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2532757C2 (en) |
| SA (1) | SA110310621B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011012452A1 (en) |
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| AT508522B1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2011-04-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | REFORMERGAS-BASED REDUCTION PROCESS WITH REDUCED NOX EMISSION |
| AT511243B1 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2013-01-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | HÜTTENTECHNISCHE ANLAGE WITH EFFICIENT DOWNWATER USE |
| CN104212928B (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2016-11-30 | 郦剑飞 | Fast restore kiln and use the method that this fast restore kiln carries out reducing |
| EP3255158A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-13 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Method and apparatus for direct reduction using vent gas |
| EP3255157A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-13 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Method for direct reduction with dry vent gas dust removal |
| EP3453773A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-13 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Reduction gas generation from saturated top gas |
| DE102017009097A1 (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-03-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides |
| US12060622B2 (en) | 2021-01-07 | 2024-08-13 | Nucor Corporation | Direct reduced iron system and method |
| WO2022251059A1 (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | Nucor Corporation | Direct reduced iron system and method using synthetic combustion air |
| KR20250149732A (en) * | 2023-04-05 | 2025-10-16 | 아르셀러미탈 | Direct reduction plant and method for producing direct reduced iron |
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| US3764123A (en) | 1970-06-29 | 1973-10-09 | Midland Ross Corp | Method of and apparatus for reducing iron oxide to metallic iron |
| US3868211A (en) * | 1974-01-11 | 1975-02-25 | Aqua Chem Inc | Pollutant reduction with selective gas stack recirculation |
| AT360567B (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1981-01-26 | Voest Alpine Ag | METHOD FOR OVERCOMING MALFUNCTIONS IN THE CONTINUOUS DIRECT REDUCTION OF IRON ORE AND PLANT THEREFOR |
| US4336063A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-06-22 | Hylsa, S.A. | Method and apparatus for the gaseous reduction of iron ore to sponge iron |
| US5064467A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1991-11-12 | C.V.G. Siderurgica Del Orinoco, C.A. | Method and apparatus for the direct reduction of iron |
| US4880459A (en) | 1988-06-27 | 1989-11-14 | T.C., Inc. | Method of and apparatus for reducing iron oxide to metallic iron |
| DE3843830C2 (en) * | 1988-12-24 | 1994-06-23 | Horst Dr Meyrahn | Process for the reduction of NO¶x¶ in flue gases |
| JPH04342401A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for reforming gas |
| US5387274A (en) | 1993-11-15 | 1995-02-07 | C.V.G. Siderurgica Del Orinoco, C.A. | Process for the production of iron carbide |
| US5542963A (en) | 1994-09-21 | 1996-08-06 | Sherwood; William L. | Direct iron and steelmaking |
| US5858057A (en) | 1996-09-25 | 1999-01-12 | Hylsa S.A. De C.V. | Method for producing direct reduced iron with a controlled amount of carbon |
| AT406382B (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 2000-04-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IRON SPONGE BY DIRECTLY REDUCTION OF MATERIAL CONTAINING IRON OXIDE |
| US5997596A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-12-07 | Spectrum Design & Consulting International, Inc. | Oxygen-fuel boost reformer process and apparatus |
| US20020127505A1 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2002-09-12 | Hisashi Kobayashi | Oxygen enhanced low nox combustion |
| US20040175663A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-09-09 | M. Shannon Melton | Method for combusting fuel in a fired heater |
| ES2441728T3 (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2014-02-06 | Outotec Oyj | Apparatus and direct reduction process |
| WO2006135984A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Technological Resources Pty. Ltd | Production of iron |
| AU2008327918A1 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-28 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for production of elemental iron |
| AT508522B1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2011-04-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | REFORMERGAS-BASED REDUCTION PROCESS WITH REDUCED NOX EMISSION |
-
2009
- 2009-07-31 AT AT0121509A patent/AT508522B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2010
- 2010-07-15 KR KR1020127005363A patent/KR101679288B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-15 RU RU2012107293/02A patent/RU2532757C2/en active
- 2010-07-15 MX MX2012001205A patent/MX2012001205A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-07-15 AU AU2010278187A patent/AU2010278187A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-07-15 WO PCT/EP2010/060174 patent/WO2011012452A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-07-15 JP JP2012522089A patent/JP2013501138A/en active Pending
- 2010-07-15 CA CA2769460A patent/CA2769460C/en active Active
- 2010-07-15 US US13/388,141 patent/US9181595B2/en active Active
- 2010-07-15 CN CN2010800333438A patent/CN102471811A/en active Pending
- 2010-07-15 EP EP10737309A patent/EP2480691A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-07-27 SA SA110310621A patent/SA110310621B1/en unknown
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2015
- 2015-07-28 US US14/810,580 patent/US10030911B2/en active Active
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| Title |
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| See references of WO2011012452A1 * |
Also Published As
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| WO2011012452A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| US20150345869A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
| SA110310621B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
| KR20120056260A (en) | 2012-06-01 |
| MX2012001205A (en) | 2012-03-26 |
| US10030911B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
| RU2532757C2 (en) | 2014-11-10 |
| KR101679288B1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
| US20120160062A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
| CA2769460C (en) | 2019-02-19 |
| AT508522B1 (en) | 2011-04-15 |
| US9181595B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
| AU2010278187A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
| AT508522A1 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
| JP2013501138A (en) | 2013-01-10 |
| CA2769460A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| RU2012107293A (en) | 2013-09-10 |
| CN102471811A (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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