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EP2480346A1 - Transducteur électro-acoustique - Google Patents

Transducteur électro-acoustique

Info

Publication number
EP2480346A1
EP2480346A1 EP09744932A EP09744932A EP2480346A1 EP 2480346 A1 EP2480346 A1 EP 2480346A1 EP 09744932 A EP09744932 A EP 09744932A EP 09744932 A EP09744932 A EP 09744932A EP 2480346 A1 EP2480346 A1 EP 2480346A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
electroacoustic transducer
wall
transducer according
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09744932A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2480346B1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Busch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlas Elektronik GmbH
Original Assignee
Atlas Elektronik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atlas Elektronik GmbH filed Critical Atlas Elektronik GmbH
Publication of EP2480346A1 publication Critical patent/EP2480346A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2480346B1 publication Critical patent/EP2480346B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/121—Flextensional transducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electroacoustic transducer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the actuator In an electrical converter known as "Flextensional Sonar Transducer" (EP 0 340 674 A2), the actuator consists of a stack of contiguous, piezoelectric elements, between which electrodes are arranged.
  • the longitudinally mechanically biased stack has arcuate end caps around which a wide band surrounding the stack is guided.
  • a curved, elliptical cross-section elliptical cross-section closed at the front includes tape and stack and is oriented so that its larger ellipse axis coincides with the longitudinal axis of the stack.
  • the curved end caps of the stack are firmly connected to the shell.
  • the actuator When an alternating voltage is applied to the actuator, the latter performs an oscillation movement in the direction of its longitudinal axis, which is transmitted to the shell via the end caps of the stack and is converted by the shell into oscillations of significantly greater amplitude taking place transversely to the stack.
  • Tonpilz initial (DE 196 230 35 A1) also has a stack of piezoelectric elements with interposed electrodes as an actuator, which is clamped by means of a centrally guided by the stack tie rod between a front and a back mass.
  • Front and / or back mass consist of foamed metal whose density is set according to the desired converter frequency.
  • the actuator in a known, referred to as "barrel Stave Projector” electroacoustic transducer for use in low-frequency sonar systems (US 6,535,459 B1), the actuator consists of a stack of hollow cylindrical, piezoceramic elements with interposed electrodes arranged between two plate-like, annular or polygonal end caps and is mechanically biased by means of a guided through the hollow cylindrical elements and the end plates tie rod pressure. Concentrically curved lamellas are clamped between the two end caps projecting radially above the stack, the lamellae being fastened with their ends at the circumference of the end caps, with gap spacing side by side, viewed in the circumferential direction.
  • the curved lamellae are surrounded on the outside on their side facing away from the stack by a rubber sleeve, which is attached to the end caps waterproof and the gap between the lamellae waterproof covers.
  • a transmitting transducer used electrical converter sends narrowband and can only up to a certain depth of water, eg about 100 meters, are used, with its transmission behavior, since air-filled, is dependent on the depth of water.
  • the stack of piezoelectric elements, the so-called piezo stack, and the tensioning device for this cause in the known electroacoustic transducers a relatively high weight, which makes them suitable for certain types of applications in the underwater sound engineering, e.g. for installation in towed antennas or towed bodies, makes them unattractive.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrical converter, in particular for underwater use, which is characterized by a low weight with sufficient high acoustic power, in particular transmission power.
  • the electroacoustic transducer according to the invention has the advantage that the actuator does not consist - as in the prior art - of a relatively heavy, compact th pile of ceramic elements, which must be mechanically biased by a heavy-weight tie rods, but only from a thin and lightweight, composite modules supporting tube, preferably plastic tube, there is that does not require mechanical bias, so that the tie rod comes to an end. Due to the resulting extreme weight reduction of the actuator over the known transducers, the converter is very light and well suited for use in the underwater sound technology. In addition, a relatively small converter can be realized, which can be designed low-frequency and when used as a transmitting transducer with high transmission power. Unlike the known ceramic elements, the composite modules of an electrically insulating liquid used for filling the transducer, such as oil, exposed directly and must not be protected.
  • each of the composite modules connected to the pipe wall of the plastic pipe is oriented such that the piezoceramic fibers extend parallel to the pipe axis.
  • the electrodes are covered with a DC voltage in such a way that at the adjacent electrodes in a film layer, a high and a low DC potential and at the electrodes opposite to the piezoceramic fibers in both film layers the same DC potential. This DC potential is superimposed on an AC voltage so that it does not distinguish the DC voltage.
  • the piezoceramic fibers in the composite modules carry out longitudinal directions in the same direction and longitudinal contraction, as a result of which the tube alternately lengthens or shortens, that is to say the actuator oscillates in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
  • the acoustic power of the electroacoustic transducer is adjustable.
  • the firm connection between the pipe wall and composite modules by sticking the thin elastic composite modules on the pipe wall, wherein the composite modules on the inner or on the outer wall surface and also on the inner and can be attached to the outer wall surface of the pipe wall. The attachment is made by gluing and / or on or lamination in or on the pipe wall.
  • the tube is made of plastic, which is preferably reinforced with glass fibers or carbon fibers.
  • plastic pipe is sufficiently strong and lightweight.
  • the tube is closed at the end or end waterproof. This has the advantage that inside the tube electronic control circuits for the converter can be accommodated and the converter can be used at great depth, without damaging the electronic components damage.
  • a front mass and a back mass is attached to the two end faces of the tube, which seal the tube watertight.
  • a medium such as a gel or a liquid
  • Flextensional transducer in which the longititunalen movements of the actuator are transformed into radial movements of the shell, but with the advantage of being much lighter and smaller construction.
  • the converter has the advantage of a broadband sound radiation with constant acoustic power and can be advantageous as a transmitting transducer in the tubular casing of a towed antenna, with the possibility of adjusting the diameter of the transducer to the diameter of the tubular casing no additional flow noise in the transmitting part of the towed antenna occur.
  • a plurality of such transducers can be acoustically decoupled from each other in the transmitting part of the towed antenna arranged one behind the other in order to increase the radiated transmission power.
  • the high interior of the transmitter can be centrally accessed and electrical wiring through the tube well laid.
  • the tube wall of the tube is received in a hollow ring with an elliptical cross-section, of a pipe wall on the outside covering, with the pipe wall a first hollow section. enclosing enclosing, convex outer shell and the tube wall in the tube interior covering, with the tube wall a second cavity enclosing, concave inner shell is formed.
  • the ends of the inner and outer shells are fixedly connected to the pipe end of the pipe and the first and second cavities are filled with a medium, preferably a gel or a liquid, whose characteristic impedance is equal to that of the surrounding medium, preferably water.
  • a medium preferably a gel or a liquid
  • a radially over the pipe projecting, preferably plate-shaped end cap is attached to each end face of the tube and are clamped between the end caps, a plurality of concave curved oscillating blades, the end of the end caps in the circumferential direction next to each other and are defined with gap distance from each other.
  • the lamellae are on the outside, so on their outer side facing away from the pipe by a fluid-tight, elastic sheath, for example made of rubber, enclosed, which is fixed fluid-tight end to the end caps.
  • the fins Upon expansion or contraction of the tube, the fins are stretched and compressed, reducing their curvature and increases.
  • the path difference between the two end caps occurring along the transducer axis is increased to a quadruple value of the deflection of the slats, so that the relatively small oscillation amplitudes of the tube in its longitudinal direction is transformed into a fairly large transmission power in the radial direction.
  • the transducer Due to the small dimensions of the transducer with respect to the wavelength of the sound waves emitted by it at an operating frequency of, for example, 2 kHz, the transducer has an omnidirectional emission.
  • the transmitting transducer radiates broadband and is also advantageously used in the transmitting part of an underwater towed antenna.
  • the end caps preferably with the tube axis coaxial through holes, the tube shell is provided with openings and supported the end caps on its circumference in the interior of an oil or gel filled hose of an underwater towed antenna on the hose wall.
  • the traction cable of the underwater towed antenna running in the hose and the connecting lines for transducers arranged one behind the other in the hose to be guided centrally through the interior of the converter.
  • the composite modules are protected by being laminated in the tube against the tube filling with oil or gel, so that no separate measures to protect the non-fluid-resistant ceramic fibers must be taken.
  • the gap between the end caps between the elastic sheath and the tube wall is hermetically sealed and filled with oil or gel.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of an actuator for an electro-acoustic
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of an electroacoustic transducer according to a first embodiment, partially in section
  • 5 is a side view of an electroacoustic transducer according to a second embodiment, partially in section,
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of an electroacoustic transducer according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of an electroacoustic transducer according to a fourth embodiment, partially in section,
  • FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section of an arranged in a hose of an underwater towed antenna electro-acoustic transducer according to a fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 10 a detail of a top view of the electroacoustic transducer in FIG.
  • a piezoelectric actuator 11 is shown in side view and in Fig. 2 in section, as used in the embodiments of the electro-acoustic transducer of FIG. 4 to 10.
  • the actuator 1 vibrates longitudinally, ie in the direction of its longitudinal axis 12, as indicated by the double arrow 13 symbolizing the oscillating movement.
  • the actuator 11 has a tube 14 with a tubular axis in the direction of the tube axis, which forms the longitudinal axis 12 of the actuator 11, elastic tube wall 141 and at least one firmly connected to the tube wall 141 composite module 15. With only one composite module 15, this would be arranged around the tube wall 141 around.
  • the tube wall 141 is covered with a plurality of composite modules 15 which are arranged spaced apart in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction of the tube wall 141.
  • the tube 14 is open at the ends, but can also be closed at the ends for certain applications, as indicated by the two dashed lines in FIG. drawn end plates 16, 17 is illustrated.
  • the solid connection of the composite modules 15 with the pipe wall 141 takes place, for example, by gluing or laminating the composite modules 15 onto the pipe wall 141, wherein in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 the composite modules 15 act on the inner surface 141 a of FIG Pipe wall 141 are applied.
  • the composite modules 15 can also be arranged on the outer surface 141b of the tube wall 141, as illustrated in FIG. It is also advantageous to cover the tube wall 141 alternately on the outer surface 141b and on the inner surface 141a with the composite modules 15.
  • the tube 14 is preferably made of a plastic material which is reinforced to increase the compressive strength of the tube 12 with glass fibers or carbon fibers.
  • the solid connection of the composite modules 15 with the pipe wall 141 is advantageously carried out by laminating or lamination of the composite modules 15 on or in the pipe wall 141 during pipe production.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged exploded view of the structure of a composite module 15 illustrated.
  • the composite module 15 has two congruent film layers 18, 19 of electrically insulating material, on whose mutually facing layer surfaces in each case an electrode structure 20 or 21 arranged, for example printed, is. Between the film layers 18, 19 Piezokeramik- fibers 22 are arranged, which are spaced apart and preferably aligned parallel to each other.
  • the elongate piezoceramic fibers 22 have, for example, a square or rectangular cross section. The spaces between the piezoceramic fibers 22 are filled with an electrically insulating material, for example with a polymer, which is not shown in FIG. 3 for the sake of clarity.
  • the two electrode structures 20, 21 are identical.
  • Each electrode structure 20 or 21 has two identically formed, comb-like structural parts 23, 24 with a conductor path 25 or 26 extending in the direction of the piezoceramic fibers 22 and integrally outgoing, preferably parallel, finger-like electrodes 27, 28.
  • the two comb-like structural parts 23, 24 engage each other with their electrodes 27, 28, so that in each case one electrode 27 of one structural part 23 and one electrode 28 of the other structural part 24 of the electrical structures 20 and 21 are neighbors and parallel to each other. Electrodes 27, 28 arranged in this way are therefore also referred to as "interdigitated electrods".
  • the two film layers 18, 19 are mirror images of mutually facing electrode structures 20, 21 placed on the piezoceramic fibers 22, wherein only the electrodes 27, 28 contact the piezoceramic fibers 22 on their opposite longitudinal sides.
  • a composite module 15 is known and described, for example, in EP 1 983 584 A2, where it is called "Piezoelectric Macro-Fiber Composite Actuator".
  • the composite modules 15 connected to the pipe wall 141 are aligned on the pipe 14 in such a way that the piezoceramic fibers 22 run parallel to the pipe axis. As is shown in FIG.
  • a DC voltage is applied to the two structural parts 23, 24 of each electrode structure 20, 21 so that alternately a high and a low DC voltage potential are applied to the electrodes 27, 28 located adjacent one another within a film layer 18 or 19 and at the electrodes 26 and 27 of the two film layers 18, 19, which are opposite to each other on the piezoceramic fibers 22, each having the same DC potential.
  • the DC voltage is an AC voltage superimposed so that the former is not exceeded.
  • Fig. 4 a first embodiment of an electro-acoustic transducer is shown in side view and partially cut away, in which the described actuator 11 is inserted.
  • Tonpilz construction is realized in the electro-acoustic transducer.
  • a front mass 29 and a much larger back mass 30 is attached, wherein the front and rear masses 29, 30 terminate the tube 14 in a watertight manner on the front side.
  • the composite modules 15 are laminated in the tube wall 141, wherein of the plurality of Composite modules 15 in the sectional view of three axially superimposed composite modules 15 can be seen.
  • the terminals 43 (+) and 42 (-) of the electrode structures 20, 21 are led into the interior of the tube 14 and here connected to a drive circuit 31.
  • the drive circuit has a DC voltage source 32, which supplies the positive and negative bias voltage for the electrodes 27, 28, and an AC voltage source 33, which excites the actuator 11 to vibrate, whereby the transducer via the front mass 39, sound waves 35 in the axial direction, radiates.
  • the AC voltage is superimposed on the bias voltage in an adder 34 so that it does not fall below the bias voltage.
  • the electroacoustic transducer is realized in so-called "FlextensionaP" construction, which is characterized in that the oscillating movement (double arrow 13 in FIG. 5) of the actuator 11 taking place in the longitudinal axis 12 results in a radially radiated sound waves
  • the actuator 11 of which is identical to that described with reference to Figures 1 to 3, the ends of a curved, elastic sheath 37 enclosing the tube wall 141 are fixedly connected to the tube ends of the tube 14 Sheath ends be attached directly to the tube wall 141 or else - as not shown here - be attached to a front ring, the two end rings are in turn firmly connected to the end faces of the tube 12.
  • electro-acoustic transducer in "flextensional” design has but by an additional design measure a much higher acoustic performance, when used as a transmitter so a significant size re transmission power.
  • the actuator 11 is arranged in a hollow ring 38 with an elliptical cross section so that the tube wall 141 extends along the length of the ellipse axis and is supported at the end in the upper and lower base of the hollow ring 38.
  • the hollow ring 38 consists of a tube wall 141 on the outside covering, convex outer shell 381, which includes a first cavity 39 with the tube wall 141, and the tube wall 141 inside, ie inside the tube, concealing, concave inner shell 382, with the tube wall 141 a second cavity 40 includes.
  • the two shells 381, 382 are elastic, so that the hollow ring 38 bulges or narrows when expansion and contraction of the tube 14.
  • the two cavities 39, 40 are filled with a medium whose characteristic impedance is equal to that of the surrounding water.
  • the medium used is preferably gel or an electrically insulating liquid, such as oil.
  • the composite modules 15, which in turn are arranged spaced apart from one another in the peripheral and axial directions, are located both on the inner surface 141 a of the tube wall 141 and on the outer surface 141 b of the tube wall 141 arranged and attached, for example by sticking or lamination.
  • the swinging movement of the actuator 11th is transformed in its longitudinal axis 12 in a radial oscillating movement of the hollow ring 38, so that sound waves are emitted transversely to the longitudinal axis 12 of the transducer, as shown in Fig. 5 is sketched.
  • the transducers according to FIGS. 5 and 7 are excellently suited for use in underwater towed antennas, since they can be easily adapted in their radial dimensions to the inside diameter of the hose of the underwater antenna, are positioned in the radial direction through the hose and through their hollow Inner advantageous the traction cable of the towed antenna and the electrical connections for the converter can be passed.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 show another embodiment of an electroacoustic transducer equipped with the actuator 11 shown in Figs.
  • a radially projecting end cap 44, 45 is attached at each end face of the tube 14.
  • a plurality of concave curved, oscillatory blades 46 preferably made of plastic, clamped.
  • the end caps 44, 45 are formed in the embodiment as a circular plates.
  • the fins 46 are juxtaposed with small gaps 48 remaining therebetween and secured with their ends to the end caps 44,45.
  • the end caps 44, 45 may also be designed as polygonal plates whose number of edges corresponds to the number of lamellae 46, wherein the lamella ends each lie on one of the flat surface extending between the edges and are fixed.
  • the juxtaposed, the tube 14 surrounding lamellae 44 are outside, ie on its side facing away from the tube 14 outside, enclosed by a fluid-tight, elastic sheath 47, which covers the gap 48 between the fins 44 liquid-tight.
  • the sheath 47 is fluid-tightly attached to the end caps 44, 45 at the ends.
  • the end caps 44, 45 have in their bounded by the end faces of the tube 14 each area a through hole 49 and 50, which is preferably introduced coaxially with the tube axis as a bore with a bore diameter which is smaller than the inside diameter of the tube 4th
  • the spaced apart on the tube 14 in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction from each other ordered composite modules 15 are in turn laminated into the tube wall 141.
  • the described electroacoustic transducer is in its design with circular end caps 44, 45 excellent for use in underwater towed antennas.
  • the radial dimensions of the transducer are adapted to the diameter of the hose 51 of the towed antenna, so that in the longitudinal direction of the hose 51 successively arranged transducers are supported via their end caps 44, 45 radially on the hose wall and are thus radially positioned.
  • the usually pulling the hose 51, not shown in Fig. 9 pull rope of the towed antenna and connecting lines for the individual converter through the hollow interior of the tubes 14 of the converter is performed.
  • the tube 51 is usually filled with an oil or a gel, so that the tube interior and, as the tube with a plurality of openings 5'3, e.g. Holes or slits, is provided, and the space enclosed by the shell 47 is filled with this oil or gel.
  • the gap 52 between the sheath 47 and the tube wall of the tube 51 resulting from the insertion of the transducers into the tube 51 is hermetic, extending between the end caps 44,45 completed and filled with the same oil or gel.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un transducteur électro-acoustique comprenant un actionneur (11) qui oscille longitudinalement à l'application d'une tension alternative. Afin de permettre une réduction notable du poids du transducteur combinée au maintien d'une performance acoustique élevée, en particulier la performance d'émission, l'actionneur (11) est constitué d'un tube (14), de préférence en plastique, et d'au moins un module composite (15) solidement assemblé à la paroi (141) dudit tube. Ledit au moins un module composite (15) comporte des structures d'électrodes agencées sur au moins deux couches de film en matériau électriquement isolant, lesdites structures comprenant des électrodes espacées l'une de l'autre et des fibres de céramique piézoélectrique espacées les unes des autres, qui sont en contact électrique avec les électrodes sur leurs côtés longitudinaux opposés.
EP09744932.6A 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Transducteur électro-acoustique Not-in-force EP2480346B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2009/001332 WO2011035744A1 (fr) 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Transducteur électro-acoustique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2480346A1 true EP2480346A1 (fr) 2012-08-01
EP2480346B1 EP2480346B1 (fr) 2013-08-07

Family

ID=42084630

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09744932.6A Not-in-force EP2480346B1 (fr) 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Transducteur électro-acoustique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2480346B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE112009005265A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011035744A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109870718A (zh) * 2019-02-03 2019-06-11 沈永进 压电陶瓷浅层全波勘探换能器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109935223B (zh) * 2017-12-19 2021-04-20 北京长城电子装备有限责任公司 一种超小尺寸低频发射换能器
DE102021208106B4 (de) 2021-07-27 2025-09-04 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Schleppantenne mit einem Drucksensor

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5229978A (en) * 1991-10-04 1993-07-20 Raytheon Company Electro-acoustic transducers
US6629341B2 (en) * 1999-10-29 2003-10-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method of fabricating a piezoelectric composite apparatus
US6711096B1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Shaped piezoelectric composite array

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011035744A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109870718A (zh) * 2019-02-03 2019-06-11 沈永进 压电陶瓷浅层全波勘探换能器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2480346B1 (fr) 2013-08-07
DE112009005265A5 (de) 2012-11-15
WO2011035744A1 (fr) 2011-03-31

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