EP2478155B1 - Base plate for securing a rail on a solid foundation and securing of a rail - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a shim for the attachment of a rail on a solid surface, with a leading from the top to the bottom of the shim through hole through which a clamping screw with a multi-edged screw head can be plugged from the bottom, wherein in the bottom of the shim in the area the mouth of the passage opening is formed a receptacle in which sits in the fully assembled state of the screw head of the clamping screw.

Moreover, the invention relates to an attachment for a rail made using such a shim.

In practice, a rail fastening system known as "ECF" is known in which the rail rests on the footprint of a steel shim made of steel. At their longitudinal sides aligned in the longitudinal direction of the rail to be fastened, the contact surface is bounded in each case by a rib on which the rail foot is laterally guided in the fully assembled state. In addition, the rib serves as a bearing for a clamping screw, with their Screw head sits positively in a molded-in rib in the receptacle and with its shaft from the top of the shim groundbreaking the middle loop of a W-shaped clamp passes. By means of a nut screwed onto the clamping screw, the tensioning clamp is then braced against the shim so that a sufficient hold-down force is exerted on the respective side of the rail foot via the free ends of the spring arms of the tensioning clamp.

Sufficient compliance of a rail fastening formed by the system ECF when passing over a rail vehicle is ensured by an elastic intermediate layer which is arranged between the shim and a support plate lying on the respective solid base.

In order to allow an adjustment of the position of the rail to the respective required gauge, in the ECF system in the laterally beyond the footprint protruding areas of the shim each one leading from its top to its underside sleeve opening is formed in which formed as a hold-down sleeve eccentric sleeve sitting. The eccentric sleeve has at its upper end in the mounting position a projection in the form of a peripheral circumferential surface of the sleeve collar, which rests in the mounting position on the upper side of the shim. At the same time, the height remaining between the underside of the collar projection and the lower end of the eccentric sleeve in the assembly position is dimensioned so that in the assembled state the sleeve is resting on the tra plate. Through the sleeve opening of the Eccentric sleeve is a screw inserted, which is screwed into a recessed into the solid underground dowel and so forms a rotation axis for the sleeve. This construction on the one hand ensures that the shim is braced against the solid ground via the eccentric sleeve acting as a hold-down with a defined hold-down force. On the other hand, the position of the shim and, with it, the rail resting on it can be displaced aligned by a rotation of the eccentric sleeve transversely to the longitudinal extension of the rail to adjust the position of the rail to the required track.

A disadvantage of the known ECF system for fastening a rail is that the shim has a high weight and also the freedom in their design is limited by the steel material used for their production.

To avoid the disadvantages of existing steel shims of the type described above, is in the EP 1 950 347 A2 a shim of the type specified above has been proposed. The known Unterlegplatte has on its the solid ground associated underside a stiffening structure, which is formed of intersecting ribs which define between each unfilled recesses. In addition, through holes are formed in the shim through which a serving as a clamping screw conventionally shaped hexagon screw can be inserted from the underside of the washer forth to clamp a tension clamp against the shim. For the screw head of the clamping screw while a molded into the underside of the shim, also formed hexagonal receptacle is provided in which the screw head sits positively in the assembled state.

The from the EP 1 950 347 A2 known, made of plastic shim is intended to be placed directly on the respective solid surface. In order to allow a sufficiently firm hold, the known shim is provided on its narrow sides with three through holes, through which one in each case screwed into the solid ground fastening screw is inserted. Neither a track width adjustment nor an elastic mounting of the rail are provided.

In addition, especially when made of plastic or a similarly resilient material shims when clamping the clamps used to hold down the rail the problem arises that the clamping screws are not held sufficiently strong with their screw heads in the molded into the underside of the shim shots. Rather, the walls give the torque applied during tensioning of the spring elements on the clamping screws, so that the screw heads rotate in the recordings.

Against the background of the prior art described above, the object of the invention was to provide a shim in which it is ensured that a multi-edged, in particular Hexagonal screw head is always held securely under the influence of high torques in its associated recording. In addition, a mounting for a rail should be specified, in which the risk of destruction of the intended for the multi-edged screw head of a clamping screw receptacle is minimized even when exposed to high torques.

With respect to the shim, the invention has achieved this object in that the shim according to claim 1 is formed. Advantageous embodiments of a shim according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims on claim 1 and are explained in detail below.

With regard to the attachment, this object has been achieved by the attachment specified in claim 6. Advantageous embodiments of a fastening according to the invention are specified in the claims back to claim 6 and are also explained in detail below.

A Unterlegplatte invention for the attachment of a rail on a solid surface has, in accordance with the above-described prior art leading from the top to the bottom of the shim through hole through which a clamping screw with a multi-edged screw head can be plugged from the bottom. In this case, a receptacle is formed in the underside of the shim in the region of the mouth of the passage opening, sitting in the ready assembled state of the screw head of the clamping screw.

According to the invention, each side surface of the screw head is assigned a contact surface formed on the peripheral wall of the receptacle, which extends over a partial length of the respective associated side surface of the screw head and on which the relevant side surface of the screw head is supported in the assembled state. The contact surfaces of the peripheral wall are spaced from one another. At the same time between each two adjacent contact surfaces a recess in the peripheral wall of the receptacle is formed, in the region in the assembled state no contact between the screw head and the peripheral wall of the receptacle.

A seated in such a shaped receptacle clamping screw is supported on the side surfaces of its screw head so that it is held securely even under the high torques that can occur during clamping of the respective spring element. Special tools, such as inserts made of a stronger material, which must be used in the existing plastic shims are not required.

By a design according to the invention the inclusion of the shim is achieved rather that even under high torque load between the load receiving portions of the receptacle surface contact exists over which the male forces comparable large area in the recording surrounding portions of the shim are passed. In this way, load peaks are prevented, which occur in conventionally designed recordings whose Form smoothly corresponds to the shape of the screw head to be picked up by them. There, due to the inevitable play with which the screw head is seated in the associated receptacle, a narrow line-shaped contact area, on which the entire load is concentrated, regularly results at the edges between the side faces of the screw head. This concentration of force can become so high that the screw head is incorporated into the material surrounding the receptacle and the secure hold of the screw head is no longer guaranteed. Due to the present invention reached flat support of the side surfaces of the screw head this danger no longer occurs.

An additional protection of the peripheral wall surrounding the receptacle against overloading as a result of when tensioning the respective spring element can be achieved in that in the region of the recesses in each case additionally a relief recess is formed. This measure is used to reduce or avoid voltage spikes that lead to a flow or breakage of the material of the peripheral wall.

The relief recesses are preferably arranged so that the existing between the side surfaces of the screw head edges are arranged with fully assembled clamping screw in its area.

To ensure that the respective side surface of the screw head defined over a sufficiently large area abuts the respective associated bearing surface, it has proven to be beneficial that the contact surfaces each less than half of associated side surfaces of the screw head of the clamping screw extend.

In order to reliably prevent the edges from being worked into the peripheral wall of the receptacle between the side surfaces of the screw head, it may be expedient to make the contact surfaces convex in the direction of the center of the passage opening. In this case, the contact surfaces are each formed so that in the region of the edges between the side surfaces at most low pressure loads of the peripheral wall of the recording occur.

The invention proves to be particularly advantageous if the shim plate is made of a plastic material. The production of plastic on the one hand, a significant weight savings compared to steel or cast iron existing shims achieved. In addition, the use of plastic in a simple way to form on the shim forms that can not be imaged with steel or similar materials. As a plastic for the production of the shim comes, for example, glass fiber reinforced polyamide in question.

An inventive fastening a rail on a solid surface is based on an inventively designed Unterlegplatte constructed and includes a multi-edged, in particular like a hexagon shaped screw head having clamping screw which is pushed from the underside of the washer ago through the through hole and with its screw head in the recess of the shim sitting. In this case, the side surfaces of the screw head are supported on a respective one of the bearing surfaces formed on the peripheral wall of the recess.

A particularly important in practice embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the shim is in the mounted state on a disposed between the shim and the solid ground intermediate layer. This makes it possible to use the elasticity of a comparatively large-volume intermediate layer for as precisely predeterminable compliance as possible of the fastening effected by the system according to the invention when passing over a rail vehicle.

In order to ensure the most uniform possible support of the rail on the solid surface, on the other hand, but also to minimize the abrasive wear of the elastic intermediate layer, in addition to a mounting system according to the invention to be arranged between the intermediate layer and the solid base support plate is provided. If necessary, this can consist of a comparatively thin sheet steel or of a sufficiently strong plastic.

Fig. 1

ein System zum Befestigen einer Schiene in einer Explosionsdarstellung;

Fig. 2

das System in fertig montierter Stellung in Draufsicht;

Fig. 3

das System in fertig montierter Stellung in einer in Längsrichtung der Schiene betrachteten seitlichen Ansicht;

Fig. 4

das System in fertig montierter Stellung in einer seitlichen perspektivischen Ansicht;

Fig. 5

eine Unterlegplatte mit zugeordneten Exzenterhülsen in einer perspektivischen Ansicht von oben;

Fig. 6

die Unterlegplatte mit darin eingesetzten Exzenterhülsen in einer perspektivischen Ansicht von unten;

Fig. 7

eine Exzenterhülse in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;

Fig. 8

einen ersten vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Unterlegplatte in einer perspektivischen Ansicht von unten;

Fig. 9

einen zweiten vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Unterlegplatte in einer perspektivischen Ansicht von unten.

The mounting of a fastening according to the invention can be simplified in that at least one clip is provided, which holds together for assembly a formed from the shim, the underlying intermediate plate and lying under the intermediate plate support plate package in the preassembled position. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing illustrating an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a system for securing a rail in an exploded view;

Fig. 2

the system in ready mounted position in plan view;

Fig. 3

the system in the finished mounted position in a viewed in the longitudinal direction of the rail side view;

Fig. 4

the system in fully assembled position in a side perspective view;

Fig. 5

a shim with associated eccentric sleeves in a perspective view from above;

Fig. 6

the shim with eccentric sleeves inserted therein in a perspective view from below;

Fig. 7

an eccentric sleeve in a perspective view;

Fig. 8

a first enlarged detail of the shim in a perspective view from below;

Fig. 9

a second enlarged section of the shim in a perspective view from below.

The system 1 for fixing a rail S on a fixed, here by a not shown here Concrete threshold formed substrate 2 comprises a made of a plastic material Unterlegplatte 3, to be arranged below the shim 3 intermediate layer 4 of an elastically resilient material, to be arranged below the intermediate layer 4 on the solid surface 2 support plate 5, four eccentric sleeves 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d , each of which is assigned as a fastener fastening screw 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, two spring elements 8a, 8b, two adapter pieces 9a, 9b and two clamping screws 10a, 10b.

The consisting of a plastic material shim 3 has a bone-like, elongated shape seen in plan view. Their adjoining in each case one of its narrow sides outer regions 3a, 3b in this case have a much larger, measured in the direction of the longitudinal extent L of the rail S to be fastened width B, as its central region, wherein the change in the width B from the narrower middle region to the adjacent wide lateral areas 3a, 3b has a continuous, jump-free course.

In the middle region, a standing surface 3c extending in the longitudinal direction L is formed on the upper side O of the shim 3, which extends over the respective width B of the central narrower region of the shim 3 and laterally to the narrow sides of the shim 3 through a respective shoulder 3d, 3e is limited.

At the base surfaces 3c associated bearing surfaces of the shoulders 3d, 3e each one in the direction of the opposite shoulder 3e, 3d projecting dovetail-like projection 3f is formed. On each of these one of the adapter pieces 9a, 9b can be set with a complementarily shaped recess, if necessary, to bridge a distance between the set on the foot surface 3c rail foot F of the rail S and thus to ensure a safe lateral guidance of the rail S.

In the shoulders 3d, 3e is closely adjacent to the standing surface 3c and centrally in relation to the extension of the shoulder in the longitudinal direction L, a through hole 3g, 3h formed, which leads from the top O to the bottom U of the shim 3. Through the through-openings 3g, 3h, one of the tensioning screws 10a, 10b designed in the manner of a conventional hexagonal screw is inserted from the underside U of the shim 3, respectively. The screw head 10c of the clamping screws 10a, 10b is seated in each case in a receptacle 3i, 3j, which is formed in the underside U of the shim 3 and is arranged in the region of the mouth of the respective through-opening 3g, 3h.

The receptacles 3i, 3j are each surrounded by a circumferential wall 3k, which is integrally connected to the shim 3. At their respective receiving 3i, 3j respectively associated circumferential surfaces are on the peripheral walls 3k six at equal angular intervals around the center of the respective recording 3i, 3j distributed contact surfaces 31 formed whose measured in the circumferential direction of the respective recording 3i, 3j length La each less than Half the length Ls of the side surfaces 10d of the screw head 10c is. In each case a recess 3m is formed in the respective peripheral wall 3k between two adjacent contact surfaces 31, which recess 3k recede in relation to the contact surfaces 31 in the circumferential wall 3k. In this case, adjacent to the respective recess 3m each limiting contact surface 31 each additionally formed in the manner of a groove relief recess 3n formed in the peripheral wall 3k, while the recess 3m merges with the other limiting contact surface in a relatively flat course.

The regular distribution, the position and the dimensions of the abutment surfaces 31, the recesses 3m and the relief recesses 3n of the respective receptacle 3i, 3j are selected so that the screw head 10c in the fully assembled position (FIG. Fig. 8 ) with its side surfaces 10d in each case bears against one of the abutment surfaces 31 and each edge 10e of the screw head 10c present between two side surfaces 10d is arranged in the region of a relief recess 3n without having contact with the respective peripheral wall 3k.

Likewise, there is no contact between the screw head 10c and the respective peripheral wall 3k in the region of the recesses 3m, so that only the contact surfaces 31 absorb the torques acting on the screw head 10c during assembly and in practical use. A cutting of the screw head 10c in the region of its edges 10e in the material of the peripheral wall 3k is prevented in this way as well as their destruction by overloading.

Accordingly, the shim 3 can easily absorb the torques occurring when bracing the spring elements 8a, 8b designed in the manner of a conventional, ω-shaped tensioning clamp. For bracing the spring elements 8a, 8b they are placed on the shim 3 that their respective assigned clamping screw 10a, 10b engages with its threaded shank through the middle loop of the spring element 8a and 8b and the free spring arms of the spring element 8a, 8b on the rail Fly. Subsequently, the middle loop of the spring element 8a, 8b is pressed so far against the shim 3 by means of a nut screwed onto the threaded shaft 12 until a sufficient hold-down force is exerted on the rail foot F.

In the region of their corners, a sleeve opening 3o is formed in the shim 3, which leads from the upper side O to the underside U of the shim 3.

In each of the four sleeve openings 3o sits one of the one in combination with the material of the shim 3 well lubricated and sufficiently strong material manufactured eccentric sleeves 6a-6d. These have a passage opening 6e, which is arranged eccentrically to the central axis Me of the respective eccentric sleeve 6a-6d. On the outer peripheral surface of the eccentric sleeves 6a-6d, an axially parallel to the central axis Me extending, narrow locking projection 6f is formed which extends over the entire height He of the eccentric sleeves 6a-6d. The eccentric sleeves 6a-6d are designed as hold-down sleeves, to which they at their upper, the top O of the shim 3 associated edge a in the manner of a collar have circumferential projection 6g. In the assembled state, the projection 6g of the eccentric sleeves 6a-6d lies on the upper side 0 of the shim 3.

The four sleeve openings 3o are each surrounded by a peripheral wall 3p, which is formed by the plastic material of the shim 3. In the peripheral wall 3p formed at irregular angular intervals α on the type of grooves, axially parallel to the central axis Mh of the respective sleeve opening 3o extending latching marks 3q formed whose shape is complementary to the shape of the eccentric sleeves 6a-6d respectively formed latching projection 6f.

The latching marks 3q and the sleeve openings 3o are each designed so that their respective associated eccentric sleeve 6a-6d with its locking projection 6f with sliding fit positively guided in them so that the rotational position of the eccentric sleeve 6a-6d fixed in its associated sleeve opening 3o is, but at the same time directed in the direction of the central axis Me relative movement between shim 3 and the respective sleeve 6a-6d is easily possible.

When mounting the system 1, one of the fastening screws 7a-7d is inserted through the through-opening 6e of the respective eccentric sleeve 6a-6d and screwed into a plastic anchor 11 embedded in the solid substrate 2. In this way, the form. Fixing screws 7a-7d each have an axis of rotation about which the associated eccentric sleeve 6a-6d drehverstellen. Taking into account the eccentricity of the rotation axis thus created with respect to the center axis Mh of the respective sleeve opening 3o are the angular distances α between the locking marks 3q dimensioned so that at ready assembled shim 3 with each rotational adjustment between two locking marks a transversely to the longitudinal extent of the rail S aligned shift of the shim 3 is accompanied by a magnitude always the same distance. For example, the angular distances α can be designed such that each rotational adjustment of the eccentric sleeves 6a-6d shifts the shim 3 by one millimeter for a track width adjustment.

Around the edge of the shim 3, a skirt-like protrusion 3r facing away from the underside U is integrally formed on the shim 3. The projection 3r serves as a stop for the directed in the direction of the solid ground 2 movements that performs the shim 3, when the standing on her rail S is driven by a rail vehicle, not shown here.

In the region of the bottom U, which is not occupied by the sleeve openings 3o with its peripheral wall 3q and also not by the receptacles 3i, 3j, a stiffening structure 3s is formed in the shim 3, which consists of mutually crossing at a right angle ribs 3t and formed between them recesses 3u are formed. The recesses 3u are filled with a lightweight but dimensionally stable molding material T. The molding material filling T terminates essentially flush with the free upper side of the ribs 3t or stands with a projection of typically At least 2 mm above the top of the ribs over, so that no sharp edges of the ribs 3t emerge more.

To accomplish an elastic cushioning of the rail S also directly opposite the shim 3, an elastic layer 3v is sprayed onto the support surface 3c, which consists of a permanently elastic plastic. Alternatively, it is also possible to form the elastic layer 3v by a prefabricated plate of elastic material, which is placed on the support surface 3c and glued to it in particular.

The elastic intermediate layer 4 has a shape in plan view, which corresponds to the area occupied by the stiffening structure 3. Accordingly, the stiffening structure 3 completely covers the intermediate layer 4 in the fully assembled state of the system 1. The filler filling T present in the recesses 3u of the stiffening structure 3s ensures that the ribs 3t of the stiffening structure 3s do not intersect in the intermediate layer 4 even under the load of a rail vehicle traveling through the rail S. Instead, the shim 3 is always supported over such a large area on the elastic intermediate layer 4, that permanently optimum spring action is maintained.

The resting on the solid surface 2 thin support plate 5 serves as protection of the elastic intermediate layer against abrasive wear and dirt and ensures a flat bearing surface. In order to secure the position of the elastic intermediate layer on the support plate 5, is on the pad 3 associated upper side of the support plate 5 by one of the outer shape of the elastic layer following projection 5a formed a receptacle in which in the assembled system 1, the intermediate layer 4 is positively seated. The projection 5a additionally serves as a stop by which the directed in the direction of the solid surface 2 movements of the shim 3 are limited and excessive compression of the elastic intermediate layer 4 is prevented.

The elastic intermediate layer 4 is also protected against excessive compression during assembly, that the height He designed as hold-down sleeves and standing in the assembled state on the support plate 5 eccentric sleeves 6a-6d is chosen so that the shim 3 even when fixed tightened fastening screws 7a-7d is pressed against the elastic intermediate layer 4 only with a defined force. If the force in question is to be very small, then a height He of the eccentric sleeve is selected which corresponds to the thickness of the shim 3 in the region of the sleeve openings 3o plus the thickness of the elastic layer in the relaxed state of installation minus the thickness of the projection 6g.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

α

angular distances

1

System for fastening a rail S

2

underground

3

shim

3a, 3b

outer areas of the base plate 3

3c

Stand surface of the base plate 3

3d, 3e

Shoulders of the base plate 3

3f

head Start

3g, 3h

Through openings

3i, 3y

Recordings of the base plate 3

3k

peripheral wall

31

contact surface

3m

recess

3n

relief cut

3o

sleeve opening

3p

peripheral wall

3q

detent marks

3r

head Start

3s

stiffening

3t

rib

3u

deepening

3v

elastic situation

4

elastic intermediate layer

5

support plate

5a

head Start

6a-6d

eccentric sleeves

6e

sleeve opening

6f

catch projection

6g

head Start

7a-7d

mounting screws

8a, 8b

spring elements

9a, 9b

adapters

10a, 10b

turnbuckles

10c

screw head

10d

Side surface of the screw head 10c

10e

Edge of the screw head 10c

11

Plastic anchors

12

mother

B

respective width of the base plate 3

F

rail

He

height

L

longitudinal direction

La

length

ls

length

me

Central axis of the respective eccentric sleeve 6a-6d

mh

Central axis of the respective sleeve opening 3o

O

Top of the base plate 3

S

rail

T

molding

U

Bottom of the base plate 3

Claims (10)

1. Base plate for fastening a rail (S) to a fixed bottom support (2), having a through-opening (3g, 3h) which runs from the upper side (0) of the base plate (3) to its underside (U) and through which a clamping bolt (10a, 10b) having a polygonal head (10c) can be inserted from the underside (U), there being formed or moulded in the underside (U) of the base plate (3), in the region of the mouth of the through-opening (3g, 3h), a receptacle (3i, 3j) in which the head (10c) of the clamping bolt (10a, 1b) is seated in the fully installed state, wherein each side-face (10d) of the bolt head (10c) is associated with a face for contact (31) which is formed on a circumferential wall (3p) of the receptacle (3i, 3j), against which the relevant side-face (10d) of the bolt head (10c) has, in the installed state, planar support, characterized in that each face for contact (31) extends over a partial length (La) of whichever is the associated side-face (10d) of the bolt head (10c), the faces for contact (31) on the circumferential wall (3p) being arranged to be spaced apart from one another and there being formed or moulded in the circumferential wall (3p) of the receptacle (3i, 3j), between each pair of adjacent faces for contact (31), a recess (3m) in the region of which there is no contact between the bolt head (10c) and the circumferential wall (3p) of the receptacle (3i, 3j) in the fully installed state.
2. Base plate according to claim 1, characterised in that an additional load-relieving recess (3n) is formed or moulded in the circumferential wall (3p) surrounding the receptacle (3i, 3j) in the region of each of the recesses (3m).
3. Base plate according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that the faces for contact (31) each extend across less than half of the associated side-faces (10d) of the head (10c) of the clamping bolt (10a, 10b).
4. Base plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the faces for contact (31) are cambered, namely curved in the direction of the centre of the through-opening (3g, 3h).
5. Base plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is made of a plastics material.
6. Fastener for fastening a rail (S) to a fixed bottom support, having a base plate (3) formed in accordance with one of claims 1 to 5 and having a clamping bolt (10a, 10b) which has a polygonal head (10c), which is slid through the associated through-opening (3g, 3h) from the underside (U) of the base plate (3) and which is seated in the given receptacle (3i, 3j) by its head (10c), its side-faces (10d) being supported against respective ones of the faces for contact (31) formed on the circumferential wall (3p) of the receptacle (3i, 3j).
7. Fastener according to claim 6, characterised in that the clamping bolt (10a, 10b) is formed after the fashion of a hexagon-head bolt.
8. Fastener according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that a resilient member (8a, 8b) is provided which is braced against the base plate by means of a nut screwed onto the clamping bolt (10a, 10b) and which exerts an elastic hold-down force on the foot (F) of the rail (S) which is to be fastened in place.
9. Fastener according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that an intermediate layer (4) of an elastic material is arranged between the base plate (3) and the fixed bottom support (2).
10. Fastener according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that a carrier plate (5) is arranged between the elastic intermediate layer (4) and the fixed bottom support (2).

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