EP2454019A2

EP2454019A2 - Knife for a shredding machine, and use of such a knife in a shredding machine

Info

Publication number: EP2454019A2
Application number: EP10737771A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin Friz
Original assignee: Weima Maschinenbau GmbH
Current assignee: Weima Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority date: 2009-07-16
Filing date: 2010-07-16
Publication date: 2012-05-23
Also published as: WO2011006666A3; US20120205473A1; DE102009033584A1; WO2011006666A2

Abstract

Disclosed is a knife (32) that can be used as a shredding tool for a shredding roll or as a stationary knife for a shredding machine. Grooves (100) are provided within lateral surfaces (86, 88, 90, 92) connecting the main surfaces (82, 84) of said knife, said grooves (100) forming recessed sections (102) of a cutting edge (94) at the cutting points with the main surfaces (82, 84). Said sections (102) of the cutting edge increase the shredding effectiveness of a shredding machine which uses such a knife as a knife member of a shredding roll or as a stationary knife cooperating with the shredding roll.

Description

Knife for a crushing machine and use of such

in a crusher

The invention relates to a knife for. a crusher and the use of such a knife in a crusher.

For shredding waste such as waste wood, wood from building demolition, plastic products such as bumpers, material left over from wood and plastic, packaging, paper, data carriers, etc.

Crushers are used, the one

having a knife-fitted rotor. The blades of the rotor work either only against the material to be shredded or against a counter blade whose contour of the clear contour of the rotating rotor is adapted so that the counter blade forms cutting gaps together with the blades of the rotor, or both. With such machines, irregular waste material can be crushed to granulated material of predetermined grain size.

Among the known knives, e.g. those in which the major surfaces are spherically concave, so that there are peaks at the corners of the knife, to which then arcuate cutting edges

connect, which are obtained by the intersection of the main surface with the adjacent side surfaces. With such knives, you can also chop up tough materials, as the respective protruding corner of the

Knife as a thorn can penetrate into the material.

BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE It has now been found that it is possible to considerably improve the comminution performance of shredders equipped with such knives by providing a groove arrangement in at least one of the side faces of the knife. Through this

Grooves are obtained at the cutting edges of the knife

a local geometry of the cutting edge, which on the one hand extends the effective length of the cutting edge, on the other hand creates additional tips that can attack on the material, to take it or frictionally entrain (moving knife) or hold (fixed counter blade).

A corresponding knife is the subject of claim 1.

The idea of extending the cutting edge by providing grooves provided in side surfaces of the blade and providing additional tips can also be used with a counter blade which cooperates with a rotor

Advantageous development of the invention are specified in subclaims. The blades for comminution rotors are usually designed and installed in such a way that two side surfaces protrude beyond the circumferential surface of the rotor core and work together with the comminuted material and, if appropriate, a counterblade in order to split, cut or mill the comminuted material. The knives are therefore often feasible to put not yet used cutting edges so that they survive over the rotor core. In a knife according to claim 2 has at least two such side surfaces, each carrying a groove arrangement, which are used sequentially can .

If one selects two spaced side surfaces as provided with a groove arrangement side surfaces, so you always have a working cutting edge with the above-mentioned local geometry and an adjacent cutting edge without such a local geometry in a square prismatic knife body. The latter then works predominantly like a scissor, so that the rotor cuts material that is equally easy to cut, and at first beats, then rips open and / or cuts material that is less easily cut.

If one chooses two adjoining surfaces as areas provided with a groove arrangement, then one can use the knives

each on the rotor so that the respective

active cutting edges both bear a local structure or (if appropriate) both have no local structure. A knife, as indicated in claim 3, always provides localized cutting edges with any transfer.

A knife according to claim 4 has distributed over its length local structures.

In a knife body according to claim 5, these local structures also remain in a resharpening

Removal of material obtained at the major surfaces. Here are the through the intersections of the grooves with the

Side edges formed further cutting edges, which, when inclined, can work together with a counter knife under the same geometric cutting conditions. In a knife according to claim 6 work by the intersection of the grooves and the side surfaces

Given secondary cutting edges under different cutting angle with cutting edges of a counter knife together.

Even with the development of the invention according to claim 7, the properties of a local structure having cutting edges in areas

specify in different ways to be able to take equal account of optimal cutting conditions for different materials.

The development of the invention according to claim 8 is in view of the formation of tips on the

Ends of the cutting edges and at the ends of the grooves

the groove arrangement of advantage.

By increasing the number of concave portions of the main surface, one can thereby increase the number of cutting tips obtained at the cutting edges.

The development of the invention according to claim 9 is in view of the long service life of the cutting edges

and their local structure.

If the knife is a counter knife, the advantages mentioned above for a rotor knife are also obtained for the counter knife. This is because, in the comminution processes, it is not the absolute movement but the relative movement between the comminution material and the knife or

Counter knife arrives.

According to claims 11 following can be provided in a cutting machine, a part or all of the side surfaces of knives and counter knife with a groove arrangement. preferential In this way, it is avoided that side faces of the knife and the counter knife work together, which have the same groove arrangement geometry, in order to prevent jamming of material and to ensure a scissor-like cutting geometry.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawing. In this show:

Figure 1 is a schematic vertical center section

by a crusher having a knife-fitted rotor and a counter knife cooperating with the latter;

Figure 2 is a plan view of a portion of the blade-tipped rotor and the counter knife on an enlarged scale; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a knife,

as used on the rotor of the machine of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a plan view of the knife of Figure 3;

FIG. 5 shows a diagonal section through the knife

Figure 3 along the section line A-A;

Figure 6 is a side view of the knife of Figure 3;

Figure 7 is a perspective view of another

Knife, which is attached to the rotor of the machine

Figure 1 is usable; Figure 8 is a plan view of the knife of Figure 7; Figure 9 is a side view of the knife of Figure 7;

Figure 10 is a perspective view of another

Knife, as it (possibly together with a complementary counter knife) can also be used on the rotor of the machine of Figure 1;

Figure 11 is a plan view of the knife of Figure 10;

FIG. 12 shows a diagonal section through the knife

Figure 11 along the section line A-A;

FIGS. 13 to 15 further perspective views

modified blade for the crushing machine of Figure 1;

Figures 16 and 17 representations of knives on which

Further variants of the cutting edge design or the Hauptflächengeomtrie be explained; and

Figure 18 is a plan view of a knife body blank

with carbide edge areas.

In Figure 1, a reservoir for shredding waste such as wood or plastic remnants with a total of

10 denotes. He has a rear wall 12, a parallel thereto, broken away in the drawing front wall, a right wall 14 and a left wall 16th

The bottom of the reservoir 10 consists of two inclined inclined walls 18, 20 and a horizontal bottom wall 22. Below the lower end of the wall X8 runs a total of velvet 24 designated crushing roll to. This has a roller body 26 with a plurality of axially

successive circumferential ribs 28. In the latter, two are each at diametrically opposite locations

Knife shots 30 incorporated, the blade seats 30 axially successive circumferential ribs in the circumferential direction are each offset by a constant angular amount against each other, which is 45 ° in the illustrated embodiment, in practice, however, is chosen to be much smaller, z. To 15.

In the knife holders 30 each sit knife body

32. Details of the attachment of the knife body 32 will be described later in more detail.

The roller base body 26 has at its two end faces integrally formed stub shafts 34, which run in bearings, not shown, which are supported by the rear and front wall of the reservoir 10. The crushing roller 24 is counteracted by a geared motor 36

driven in the clockwise direction, as indicated schematically in Figure 1.

As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the mid-planes of the blade bodies 32 do not pass through the axis of FIG

Crushing roller 24, are rather seen in the working direction of the crushing roller 24 before the

Roll axis. In this way, it is ensured that the front cutting edges of the knife body 32 rotate at a greater distance around the roll axis than the rear, not active cutting edges of the knife body 32 seen in working direction of rotation.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the bottom wall 22 with respect to the axis of the comminution cylinder 24 is in the downward direction. th offset in the drawing right free section is formed by a counter knife 38 having teeth 40 at the free end, between which gaps 42 remain. The whole

Arrangement is chosen so that the knife body 32 can pass through the gaps 42 with little play d and between the teeth 40 and the circumferential ribs 28 remains a gap s, which is indeed greater than the working gap between the knife body 32 and counter knife 38, however so small that no large pieces of material can jam there.

Around the crushing roller 24, a cylindrical perforated screen 44 is disposed, over which the blade body 32 passes with a small clearance.

The perforated screen 44 is detachably attached at its peripheral ends to the wall 18 and to the counter-blade 38 (or a housing section adjacent thereto), e.g. by means of tabs 43 and screws 45.

Below the perforated screen 44, a V-shaped cross-section collecting channel 46 is provided, in which a screw conveyor 48 passes, which by a

Motor 50 is driven, as indicated schematically.

The screw conveyor 48 thus promotes crushed material from the collecting channel 46 into a dispensing nozzle 52.

Above the bottom wall 22 is a box-shaped slider

54 by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 56 movable, which in turn is periodically acted upon by a hydraulic unit 58 in the sense of extending or retracting its piston rod with pressure oil. The slider 54 presses material lying on the bottom wall 22 in the engagement area between the Crushing roller 24 and the counter blade 38.

The attachment of the knife body 32 to the roll base body 26 is carried out using square prismatic knife carrier 60, which is welded into the knife receivers 30 and is provided with a central threaded bore 62. With this a threaded bolt 64 cooperates, which extends through a stepped bore 68 of the knife body 32. Similarly, the counter knife 38 is connected by threaded bolt 70 with threaded holes 72 of a carrier 74 of the machine frame.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the knife bodies 32 fastened to the roll base 26 are dimensioned such that a radial projection of the knife bodies 32 is obtained via the peripheral ribs 28. You get such a close

Cutting gap between the cutting edges of the knife body 32 and the cutting edges of the counter knife 38. The distance between the cutting edges of the counter knife and the

Flanks of the triangular Queschnitt having annular collars of the roll base 26 in the spaces 42, however, is larger. As can be seen in FIGS. 3 to 6, the knife body 32 has a (in the direction of rotation) front main surface 82 and a (in the direction of rotation) rear main surface 84, which are square in plan view. The main surface 82 is spherically concave, as also seen in the drawing, the main surface 84 even. The four each

Edges of the major surfaces 82, 84 are joined by four side surfaces 86, 88, 90, 92, which together define a square prism. At the intersections of the side surfaces with the Main surface 82 results in each case a circular arc-shaped cutting edge 94, and at the interfaces between two adjacent cutting edges 94 is obtained in each case one

Cutting tip 96.

On the roller base body 26 are each a cutting tip 96 and two adjacent cutting edges 94 on the clear contour of the roller body 26 over, so that they come in circulating crushing roller 24 with the comminuted material in the storage 10 in contact and together with the teeth 40 of the counter knife 38 forming cutting gaps.

In the side surfaces 86, 88, 90, 92 each designated a total of 98 groove coulter is provided. This covers the side surface equidistant and below

the same angle of attack arranged individual grooves 100 whose width and depth is significantly smaller than the length of the corresponding cutting edge 94. Typically, the width of the grooves 100 1 to 7 mm, preferably about 2 to 5 mm, the depth of about 40% to 70% the width, preferably about 50%.

The typical edge length of a knife body is between about 40 mm and about 100 mm.

The grooves 100 form together with the major surfaces

82, 84 and the side surfaces 86, 88, 90, 92 now meander-shaped cutting edges 94, where smaller receding edge portions 102 and longer intermediate straight edge portions 104 recognizes. The edge portions 102 running away from the edge extension are also referred to here as the local geometry of the cutting edge. In the counter knife 38, which shown in Figure 2 is, the front main surface is denoted by 106, the rear main surface with 108. The counter knife 38 has a strip-shaped base body 110, which

is attached to the machine frame and has rotor-mounted teeth 40, which have the shape of isosceles triangles with an opening angle of 90 °, so that a zigzag-shaped cutting edge 116 of the counter knife with small radial clearance can pass the cutting edges 94 of a knife body 32.

The cutting edge 116 is the cut line

the major surface 106 and side surfaces 118, 120

of the counter knife. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2

are the side surfaces 118, 120 smoothly continuous, so that the cutting edge 116 is composed of uninterrupted rectilinear sections, the

are arranged in a zigzag shape.

In a modification of the embodiment described above, one can also see the side surfaces 118, 120 of the

Counter knife 38 provided with a Nutschar, as shown in Figure 2 in a magnifying glass. For Nutscharen on the

Side surfaces 118, 120 of the counter knife 38 and their

Details are the same as for the Nutscharen, which are provided on the side surfaces of the knife body 32. The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 to 9 differs from that according to FIGS. 3 to 8 in that the main surface 82 is flat and that the tips of the square are flattened by facet surfaces 122, which are likewise provided with a groove group 98, the inclination of the Grooves of the latter to the inclination of the grooves in the Side surfaces 86, 88, 90, 92 is opposite, such as

FIG. 9 shows.

In the embodiment of Figures 10 to 12, the edge contour of the supervision is circular. One only has

a single cylindrical peripheral surface 86, which with

circumferentially equally distributed axially parallel grooves 100 is provided. Both major surfaces 82, 84 are concave-shaped.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 13 corresponds to FIG

of Figure 3, only the main surface 82 is flat.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 14 corresponds to FIG

of Figure 3, only the grooves 100 are parallel to

Knife axis.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 15 corresponds to FIG

of Figure 3, only the main surface 82 is rectangular and there are two stepped holes 68 are provided for receiving threaded bolts.

Other knife geometries, not in the drawing

are triangular in plan view

Geometries, in particular isosceles and equilateral triangles.

FIG. 16 shows modified groove geometries, which are alternative for side surfaces of a measuring body or a

Counter knife can be used.

In the embodiment of Figure 16 has on the left lower side surface 86 grooves 100, which are arranged at a greater distance from each other and deeper, and in the lower right side surface 88 grooves 100, which are arranged at a small distance from each other and flatter.

In the upper right side surface 90, there are grooves 100 which do not have a rectangular cross-section but have a cross-section and a triangular cross-section. It also has some depth.

In the upper left side surface 92, there is a groove 100 having a circular cross-sectional cross-section, the center of the circle being offset inwardly from the side surface, so that wedge-shaped cutting edges 128 are obtained at the groove edge. Other groove sections and other groove distances are conceivable.

Also, the grooves need not extend over the entire height of a side surface. For knife bodies that are not turned, the grooves can only one over

Part of the side surfaces to extend in the direction of rotation front major surface.

With reference to Figure 17 will now be explained how to the

Number of cutting tips 96 can increase.

In FIG. 17, M1 is the drawing plane piercing point of the axis of the spherical cap of the major surface 82 of FIG. 3 and 96-1 having the major surface geometry

referred to obtained cutting tips. The latter are indicated by open small circles.

In Fig. 17, with M2, the drawing plane puncture points of the axes of four spherical caps with respect to

Kugelkalotte to Ml halved diameter shown which Form portions of the main surface 82. 96-2 designates additional cutting tips obtained with this major surface geometry. The latter are indicated by filled in small circles.

In FIG. 17, M3 is also used to denote the plane-of-puncture points of the axes of eight spherical-diameter spherical caps of the spherical cap to M1, and 96-3 the cutting tips obtained with this major-surface geometry. The latter are indicated by filled in small triangles.

It can be seen that by design of the main surface 82 with four spherical caps having the centers M2-1 to M2-4, four additional cutting tips 96-2 are obtained, which are added to the cutting tips 96-1, and eight in the design of the main surface Ball dome with the centers M3-1 to M3-8 eight additional cutting tips 96-3 is added, which are added to the cutting tips 96-1.

If desired, the area of the main area lying within the polygon delimited by the centers M2-i or M3-i (i = 1, 2, 3,. replace with the corresponding inner area of the spherical cap to the center Ml.

This increase in cutting tips by increasing the

Dome number may also be useful regardless of providing grooves in side surfaces of the knife body.

In the embodiment of Figure 18, a knife body blank 124 is shown, along along the edges with

soldered strip-shaped carbide inserts 126 is provided. The grinding of the main surfaces of the knife body and the incorporation of the grooves 100 takes place in such a knife body after the application of the hard metal inserts 126th

Instead of cemented carbide inserts, it is also possible to use local armorings which have been introduced into previously produced cutouts of the base body.

Claims

claims

1. Knife for use as a shredding tool

a comminuting roll or as a counterblade to a comminuting roll, comprising a base body having opposed major surfaces (82, 84, 106, 108) and free edges connecting side surfaces (86, 88, 90, 92, 118, 120), at least one Penetration line of at least one major surface with at least one side surface forms a cutting edge (94), characterized in that the at least one of the side surfaces 86, 88, 90, 92; 106, 108) has a groove arrangement (98) extending up to a cutting edge (96).

2. Knife according to claim 1, characterized

in that at least two mutually spaced side surfaces (86, 88, 90, 92, 106, 108) have a groove arrangement (198).

3. Knife according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in all side surfaces (86, 88, 90, 92, 106, 108) a groove arrangement (98) is provided.

4. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized

characterized in that a groove arrangement (98) each has a plurality of spaced, preferably uniformly spaced, grooves (100).

5. Knife according to claim 4, characterized

the grooves (100) of a groove arrangement (98) have the same inclination.

6. Knife according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the grooves (100) of different groove arrangements (98) have different inclination nd / or different distances from each other.

7. Knife according to one of claims 4 to 6 characterized

characterized in that below the grooves (100) such different cross-sectional geometry and / or different size of the cross section are located.

8. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized

in that at least one of the main surfaces in one (Ml) or in several regions (M2, M3) is concave, preferably spherical, in a concave manner.

9. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized

characterized in that the cutting edges (94, 116) defined by the main faces (82, 84, 106, 108) and the side faces (86, 88, 90, 92, 118, 120) are at least partially formed on a cemented carbide layer (126 ), which is formed by a knife insert or an armor.

10. Use of a knife according to one of the claims

1 to 9 in a crushing machine, which is equipped with knives (32) crushing roller

(24) and a cooperating with the blades of the crushing roller (24) counter knife (38) whose teeth (40) of the geometry of the inner contour of the peripheral crushing roller (24) are adapted, characterized in that at least a portion of the blades (32 ) of the comminuting roller (24) has at least one side surface (86, 88, 90, 92, 106, 108) provided with a groove arrangement (98).

11. Use according to claim 10, characterized in that all the knives (32) of the comminution roller (24) have at least one side surface (86, 88, 90, 92; 106, 108) provided with a groove arrangement (98).

12. Use according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that at least a part of the teeth (40) of the

Counter knife (38) at least one side surface (106,

108) provided with a groove arrangement (98).

13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that only the side surfaces (106, 108) of teeth (40) of the counter knife (38) are provided with a groove arrangement which cooperate with groove-free side surfaces of knives (34).

14. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that side surfaces (106, 108) of teeth (40) of the counter knife (38) with grooved side surfaces (86, 88, 90, 92) of knives (32) of the crushing roller (24 ), carry a groove arrangement (98) which differs from that of the knives (32) of the comminuting cylinder (24), eg in groove cross-section, groove spacing, groove position or groove inclination or combinations of these sizes.