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EP2374560A1 - Matière première résistant à l'usure - Google Patents

Matière première résistant à l'usure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2374560A1
EP2374560A1 EP11004405A EP11004405A EP2374560A1 EP 2374560 A1 EP2374560 A1 EP 2374560A1 EP 11004405 A EP11004405 A EP 11004405A EP 11004405 A EP11004405 A EP 11004405A EP 2374560 A1 EP2374560 A1 EP 2374560A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon
nitrogen
wear
content
niobium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11004405A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Prof. Dr.-Ing. Theisen
Stephan Dipl.-Ing. Huth
Herbert Ing. Schweiger
Jochen Dipl.-Ing. Perko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Boehler Edelstahl GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Boehler Edelstahl GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boehler Edelstahl GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Boehler Edelstahl GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2374560A1 publication Critical patent/EP2374560A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0292—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with more than 5% preformed carbides, nitrides or borides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wear-resistant material containing carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), niobium and / or tantalum (Nb / Ta) as well as metallic elements and impurities remainder with a structure consisting of a metal matrix and in these Hartphasen stored.
  • metallic materials consist of a tough or tough matrix and distributed in this hard phases, which are usually formed as interstitial compounds.
  • a wear-reducing effect of hard phase deposits is well known, with a higher hard phase content in the matrix as much as possible reducing abrasive removal from the workpiece surface when the support force for the hard particles and the matrix hardness are high.
  • wear-resistant iron-based materials eg. Cold work steels, from a hard, preferably thermally tempered metal matrix with distributed in this, precipitated from the residual melt of the alloy during solidification, carbides.
  • Carbide formation in a ledeburitic solidification of an alloyed melt in a cast billet may also result in coarse hard phases with inhomogeneous distribution in the material due to a low solidification rate in the center thereof and segregation.
  • alloys Due to the demand for highly wear-resistant materials, which should possibly have a superior corrosion resistance, alloys have been proposed which have a high content of carbide formers, in particular monocarbide formers, with a corresponding carbon content and a chromium concentration in the matrix of more than 12.0 wt .-%.
  • Nitrogen for hard phase formation is considered an advantageous measure for the production of wear-resistant materials in the WO 2007/024 192 A1 proposed.
  • the invention sets itself the goal of specifying a material which has a high resistance to abrasion under abrasion stress.
  • this material in an alloy variant should also be resistant to chemical corrosion.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a material with greatly reduced wear and optionally desired corrosion properties or high corrosion resistance.
  • the object of the invention mentioned at the outset is essentially achieved by a material containing in% by weight: Carbon (C) more than 0.3 to 3.5 Nitrogen (N) 12:05 to 4.0 Oxygen (O) more than 0002 to 12:25 Niobium / tantalum (Nb / Ta) 3.0 to 18.0
  • the hard phases are formed as carbides and / or nitrides and / or carbonitrides and / or Kohlenstoffkarbonitride and have a diameter of at most 50 microns and at least 0.2 microns ,
  • the advantages of the wear-resistant material of the invention consist essentially in the fact that due to the niobium / tantalum concentration of 3.0 to 18.0 wt .-% and the carbon content of 0.3 to 3.0 wt .-% and the nitrogen content of 0.05 to 4.0 wt .-% high-hardness niobium and / or tantalum monocarbides, mononitrides or monocarbonitrides are present in a homogeneous distribution with a small diameter and thus a high abrasion resistance is achieved.
  • the oxygen content of 0.0020 to 0.25 in the material acts on the one hand as a formation nucleus for the hard phase with respect to hard particles with specific, small size in a homogeneous distribution in the matrix and on the other hand as a separate hard material former.
  • the hard material particles have a diameter of at most 50 ⁇ m, because with larger phases the danger of breaking them out of the matrix is suddenly increased. Smaller diameters than 0.2 ⁇ m of the hard phases provide only a slight, abrasion-reducing effect.
  • the matrix of the wear-resistant alloy has a martensitic microstructure, then the material itself has an increased abrasion-reducing hardness, minimizing as far as possible the risk of breaking hard phases out of the structure during wear.
  • the concentrations of the alloying metals are coordinated in this material with respect to the carbon activity and the carbide formation kinetics of the respective elements, the contents of the monocarbide formers being decisive for the intended carbon concentration.
  • Nitrogen is limited with a content of 0.6 wt .-% to the top, because in the given case, the hard phases should be designed mainly as carbides. Below 0.15 wt.% Nitrogen, the solidification effect of the matrix is too low, so that the content limits in wt.% Are 0.15 to 0.6 nitrogen.
  • Silicon acts as a deoxidation metal and influences the microstructural transformation of the alloy during the heat treatment.
  • a minimum content of 0.2% by weight of Si is important in terms of effective oxide formation, whereas higher contents than 1.5% by weight adversely affect toughness.
  • a manganese content of 0.3% by weight or more is intended for setting sulfur in the metal, with more than 2.0% by weight of Mn promoting disadvantageous austenite stability.
  • Chromium and molybdenum provide corrosion resistance of the alloy at minimum concentrations of 10.0 and 0.5 wt%, but may also be effective as carbide formers. Higher contents than 20% by weight Cr and 3.0% by weight Mo disadvantageously lead to a stabilization of ferrite in a heat treatment.
  • Vanadium and titanium should not exceed contents of 1.0 wt .-%, because carbides of these elements to a large extent dissolve Cr or incorporate into the crystal lattice, which can cause depletion of Cr in the edge region of the matrix.
  • the elements niobium and tantalum are elements that form in the alloy from a content of 3.0 wt .-% hard, the wear resistance of the material promoting monocarbides. It is important that these elements Nb / Ta show only a slight tendency to incorporate further elements, in particular chromium, in the carbide or carbonitride formation in the crystal lattice, so that in the vicinity of these hard phases no depletion of the matrix of alloy components, especially of chromium and Molybdenum, arises and thus no adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the material is formed.
  • the high nitrogen content of 1.0 to 4.0 wt .-% at carbon concentrations of 0.3 to 1.0 wt .-% leads to substantially nitrides formed hard phases, whereby the chromium and molybdenum induced passive layer formation and corrosion resistance are promoted.
  • the highly wear-resistant tool material which is based on a type of high-speed steel alloy, can be easily tempered to high hardness values and has outstanding toughness despite its high hardness. Particularly pronounced is the wear resistance of the cutting tools formed from this alloy, which tools thus have a particularly long service life in coarse and interrupted section.
  • the inventive method of the type mentioned above is determined such that in a first step, a metallic liquid alloy containing niobium / tantalum (Nb / Ta) with a concentration of 3.0 to 18.0 wt .-%, and a content of carbon and / or nitrogen, in which no primary excretions formed on carbides and / or nitrides above the Verdüsungstemperatur or liquidus temperature, is atomized to powder material, after which the powder subjected to a process for increasing the carbon content and / or the nitrogen content and / or the oxygen content and subsequently subjected to a H disclosekompaktieren, in particular a hot isostatic pressing Alternatively, the pellet or HIP body is subjected to a hot deformation and / or a heat treatment alternatively.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that materials with a high carbide-nitride or carbonitride hard material content can be produced, the hard-material particles having small diameters and homogeneous distribution in the matrix.
  • the matrix elements can by a thermal tempering or by hardening and tempering of the material impart this high strength and prevent stripping or breaking the larger, optimized hard particles as far as possible. As a result, a particularly pronounced wear resistance of the material is achieved.
  • other hard material particles with a size of 2 to 50 microns to an extent of up to 25 vol .-% can be added to the powder material, which are effective in reducing wear for the given material.
  • Tab. 1 on page 11 shows the composition of two commercially available, wear-resistant alloys with the designations X190 CrVMo 20 4 1, X90 CrVMo 18 1 1, of corrosion-resistant, inventive alloys with the designations A, B, C, and of cutting materials according to the invention with the designations D, E, F.
  • the commercial alloys were made by the PM method with a HIP block (hot isostatic pressed) of greater than 6 times.
  • Powders for the samples designated A, B, C were made from alloys having the following main components in wt%: description Si Mn Cr Not a word V W Nb Co Fe A 12:43 12:42 11.92 2.21 12:08 12:07 9:02 12:08 rest B 12:51 12:44 16:41 2.19 12:09 12:07 9:56 12:05 rest C 12:43 12:42 11.92 2.21 12:05 12:06 9:02 12:08 rest produced by atomizing by means of nitrogen gas.
  • Atomization with nitrogen was further carried out using melts designated D, E, F with the main constituents in% by weight: description Si Mn Cr Not a word V W Nb Co Fe D 12:30 12:40 4.15 2.94 1:52 2.13 3:34 12:12 rest e 12:28 12:35 3.95 2.84 1:47 2.23 3:45 8.21 rest F 00:37 12:33 3:58 4.10 1.84 5:07 10.73 7:07 rest
  • the alloyed metal powder was then placed under nitrogen atmosphere in steel containers and knock compacted, followed by welding of the containers and hot isostatic pressing at a temperature of 1165 ° C.
  • Tab. 1 shows the chemical composition of known materials (X190 CrVMo 20 4 1 and X90 CrMoV 18 1 1) and those of steel samples according to the invention
  • Fig. 1 shows, in the relevant potential range of about -300mV to + 300mV, the comparative alloy X190 CrVMo 20 4 1 essentially the highest passive current density in comparison with the inventively assembled samples A, B, C, which reveals their improved corrosion behavior.
  • Fig. 2 shows the hardness of the differently composite alloys after hardening as a function of the tempering temperature after two tempering.
  • the respective hardening temperature can be taken from the designation field for the alloys.
  • the materials A and C of the alloy according to the invention on a comparatively low tempering hardness, because their respective carbon content of improved corrosion resistance due to (see Fig.1 ) was chosen low.
  • the material hardness of the alloys D, E and F are significantly higher in the range of tempering temperatures between 500 ° C and 600 ° C, which discloses a clear superiority of the same for use of, for example, cutting and forming elements.
  • Fig. 3 shows the wear behavior of the samples made from the alloys, determined according to the VDI Progress Reports "Nitrogen-alloyed Tool Steels", Series 5, No. 188 (1990), p. 129 described pin-disk test with Flint 80s

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP11004405A 2009-01-14 2009-12-28 Matière première résistant à l'usure Withdrawn EP2374560A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0005209A AT507215B1 (de) 2009-01-14 2009-01-14 Verschleissbeständiger werkstoff
EP09450242.4A EP2253398B1 (fr) 2009-01-14 2009-12-28 Matière première résistant à l'usure

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09450242.4 Division 2009-12-28
EP09450242.4A Division-Into EP2253398B1 (fr) 2009-01-14 2009-12-28 Matière première résistant à l'usure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2374560A1 true EP2374560A1 (fr) 2011-10-12

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ID=41809029

Family Applications (2)

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EP09450242.4A Active EP2253398B1 (fr) 2009-01-14 2009-12-28 Matière première résistant à l'usure
EP11004405A Withdrawn EP2374560A1 (fr) 2009-01-14 2009-12-28 Matière première résistant à l'usure

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09450242.4A Active EP2253398B1 (fr) 2009-01-14 2009-12-28 Matière première résistant à l'usure

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8623108B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2253398B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT507215B1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1000065A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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