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EP2366968A2 - Procédé et dispositif de décongélation d'un évaporateur d'un dispositif de pompe à chaleur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de décongélation d'un évaporateur d'un dispositif de pompe à chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2366968A2
EP2366968A2 EP11158045A EP11158045A EP2366968A2 EP 2366968 A2 EP2366968 A2 EP 2366968A2 EP 11158045 A EP11158045 A EP 11158045A EP 11158045 A EP11158045 A EP 11158045A EP 2366968 A2 EP2366968 A2 EP 2366968A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
defrosting
temperature
evaporator
temperature difference
heat pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11158045A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2366968A3 (fr
EP2366968B1 (fr
Inventor
Manuel Stauch
Patrick Schimke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wolf GmbH
Original Assignee
Wolf GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2366968A2 publication Critical patent/EP2366968A2/fr
Publication of EP2366968A3 publication Critical patent/EP2366968A3/fr
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Publication of EP2366968B1 publication Critical patent/EP2366968B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/002—Defroster control
    • F25D21/006—Defroster control with electronic control circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for defrosting an evaporator according to claim 1, an apparatus for defrosting an evaporator according to claim 13 and a heat pump apparatus according to claim 14.
  • Evaporators in particular of air-water heat pumps, must be defrosted after a certain period of operation due to frost formation during operation (heating and / or service water operation).
  • the defrosting process can according to the prior art, periodically, after expiration of a time-out, upon reaching a certain air-side pressure loss due to icing (a differential pressure measurement), the achievement of a certain current consumption of a fan motor due to icing (for example, according to DE 311 08 50 A1 ), due to an icing due to changing optical signal (for example, according to DD 22 63 55 A1 ) or by reaching a temperature difference between an air intake temperature and a refrigerant temperature (either before or after the evaporator) in response to an outside temperature (for example, according to FIG DE 35 09 664 A1 ) to be activated.
  • a defrosting operation may, according to the prior art, by the passage of a time-out, the reaching of a refrigerant temperature (either before or after the evaporator; DE 35 09 664 A1 ) by obtaining a fin temperature at the lower end of fins of an evaporator installed at a horizontal angle with respect to the horizontal (as shown in FIG DE 35 09 664 A1 ) or by a due of molten ice changing optical signal (for example according to DD 22 63 55 A1 ) are disabled.
  • defrosting energy In general, to provide the defrost energy, the existing compressor or an electric heating element (for example mounted in the evaporator) is needed.
  • defrosting energy When defrosting energy is provided by the compressor, defrosting is usually accomplished by process reversal or by so-called hot gas defrosting. Such defrosting is also referred to below as “active defrosting”. In such Aktiv Abtauung comparatively much electrical energy is needed.
  • Heat pumps are also known in the prior art which, as an alternative to an active defrost, defrost the evaporator as a function of the outside temperature with the aid of an air stream flowing through the evaporator (defrosting of nature, for example according to US Pat DE 10 2006 024 871 A1 ).
  • the object is achieved by a method for defrosting an evaporator of a heat pump device, in particular an air-water heat pump device, wherein at or immediately after a characteristic time, in particular a termination of a defrosting, a temperature T L, 0 of the evaporator passing Air flow and a refrigerant temperature T K, 0 are determined and stored, wherein a temperature difference .DELTA.T 0 from the temperature T L, 0 of the evaporator passing air flow and the refrigerant temperature T K, 0 determined and stored, wherein a defrosting operation is initiated when a current temperature difference ⁇ T act from the temperature T K, akt the sum of the temperature difference .DELTA.T 0 and a constant (A, B) exceeds.
  • ⁇ T act ⁇ ⁇ T 0 + Y.
  • Y is a constant and is also referred to below as A or B, depending on the context.
  • Y is in particular independent of the outside temperature.
  • the constant Y or A or B may, for example, be at least 1 K, preferably at least 2 K, more preferably at least 3 K, even more preferably at least 5 K, even more preferably 10K, even more preferably at least 20K.
  • a new determination of the temperature difference ⁇ T 0 can be made after another (in particular after each further) successful defrost. However, such a determination can also be carried out after a certain number (possibly constant number) of defrosting operations.
  • the above-defined condition for initiating the defrosting operation is generally not intended (but in particular) to exclude that defrosting is also initiated by other conditions. Furthermore, it is generally not (but in particular) excluded that a defrosting process is initiated only if another criterion or more criteria are met.
  • the initiation of the defrost is independent of the outside temperature, it is ensured that the corresponding heat pump device is operated only (maximum) as long as it in terms of plant efficiency is favorable.
  • the compressor run time between two regular defrosts is essentially neither too short nor too long.
  • the current temperature difference .DELTA.T act determined, wherein a defrosting process is initiated when the current temperature difference .DELTA.T act the sum from the temperature difference ⁇ T 0 and the constant exceeds.
  • the shutdown of a compressor or the termination of a heat request initiates a downtime, which can be "used" by the proposed determination of the current temperature difference ⁇ T act, if necessary, to an efficient defrosting.
  • the defrosting process thus takes place in particular when the heat pump device is basically required (or only to a small extent).
  • termination of a heat demand can thus also be understood as a reduced heat requirement, which is characterized, for example, by a decrease of at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, compared with a previous heat requirement.
  • the defrosting operation may be carried out, at least in part, by an active defrosting operation (in particular by process reversal) and / or a hot gas defrosting operation, and / or a natural defrosting operation. Since a natural defrost only a fan (fan) is in operation, the cost of electrical energy in this defrosting method is much lower than in the Aktiv Abtauung.
  • a defrosting operation in particular a Naturabtauvorgang, preferably in a downtime (only) initiated when the original temperature T L, 0 of the air flow and / or a current temperature T L / akt of the air flow to be determined exceeds a predetermined value T L, before ,
  • the above object is achieved by a method for defrosting an evaporator of a heat pump device, in particular an air-water heat pump device, wherein a Treatmentabtauvorgang is initiated in a downtime when a current temperature to be determined T L, akt of the air flow is a predetermined value T L, before exceeds.
  • the value T L, akt can for example at least 1 ° C, preferably at least 2 ° C, more preferably at least 3 ° C, even more preferably at least 5 ° C, even more preferably at least 10 ° C, even more preferably at least 20 ° C.
  • the iced evaporator With the method of natural defrosting (possibly in addition to a regular natural defrosting) in the downtime of the heat pump, the iced evaporator can be completely defrosted, or at least a partial defrosting can be achieved.
  • the compressor run times between two "regular" defrosts can be increased, resulting in an increase in plant efficiency.
  • the nature defrosting method has the further advantage that during the defrosting process no energy needs to be withdrawn from the heating system to which the heat pump supplies energy during a heating operation.
  • At least two different defrosting methods such as, for example, active defrosting and natural defrosting, are used.
  • a natural defrost can be used during downtime. As a result, the method is relatively variable, which leads to an increase in efficiency.
  • a natural defrosting takes place via a first predetermined threshold value T G, 1 and / or if the temperature T L falls below one or more predetermined threshold values T G, 1, an active defrost occurs.
  • T G, 1 a first predetermined threshold value
  • T G, 1 a predetermined threshold value
  • T G, 1 a predetermined threshold value
  • the limit value T G, 1 may, for example, be at least 2 ° C., preferably at least 5 ° C., more preferably at least 10 ° C., even more preferably at least 15 ° C., even more preferably at least 20 ° C., even more preferably at least 25 ° C. ,
  • a defrosting operation takes place, in particular a natural defrosting operation (only) when the temperature T L remains below a second predetermined threshold value T G, 2 .
  • this predetermined threshold T G, 2 is a temperature at which a Icing of the evaporator no longer takes place. This can avoid unnecessary defrosting, which increases the efficiency of the process.
  • the limit value T G, 2 may, for example, be at least 5 ° C., preferably at least 8 ° C., more preferably at least 15 ° C., even more preferably at least 19 ° C., even more preferably at least 25 ° C., even more preferably at least 30 ° C. ,
  • a defrosting operation in particular an active defrosting operation, upon reaching a certain refrigerant pipe temperature, in particular fin temperature, terminated and / or a defrosting, in particular a Naturabtauvorgang, by reaching a predetermined difference between the temperature T L of the air flow and the refrigerant piping temperature, in particular fin temperature ends.
  • This can increase efficiency.
  • a defrosting process in particular a natural defrosting process, which is carried out in particular during a standstill period, can be ended by a heat request and / or a service water request.
  • the natural defrosting operation may also be terminated prior to complete defrosting. This can improve the availability of heat and / or service water. Overall, this improves efficiency.
  • the defrosting process can be initiated immediately or delayed. "Immediate” in this context means that the occurrence of another condition (or other conditions) is not required before the defrosting process is initiated. Accordingly, “delayed” means that there must be other conditions, such as the passage of a certain time or the fulfillment of certain parameters.
  • a buffer memory and a heating system is provided, wherein the defrosting process, in particular immediately (or immediately), is started when the buffer memory has reached a predetermined temperature.
  • the heat pump after reaching the condition that the current temperature difference .DELTA.T akt exceeds the sum of the temperature difference .DELTA.T 0 and the constant, for a predetermined time (for example, at least 1 min., Preferably at least 10 min.) In one Heating mode operated. This can provide sufficient defrosting energy, which increases efficiency.
  • a determination unit and a storage unit is provided to / immediately after Characteristic time, in particular a termination of a defrosting, a temperature T L , 0 of the evaporator passing air flow and a refrigerant temperature T K , 0 to determine and store and by a temperature difference .DELTA.T 0 from the temperature T L, 0 of the evaporator passing air flow and determine and store the refrigerant temperature T K, 0
  • a control unit is provided and configured to initiate a defrost operation when a current temperature difference ⁇ T act from the temperature T L, 0 and a current refrigerant temperature T K, akt the sum of the tem temperature difference ⁇ T 0 and a constant (A, B) exceeds.
  • the determination unit and / or the memory unit may be part of the control unit or integrated in it.
  • the device may comprise temperature meters and other measuring devices, for example, to determine the temperatures T L, 0 , T K, 0 or T K, akt .
  • In the control unit programs can be stored for control.
  • In the determination unit programs may be deposited for determination.
  • the control or determination unit can be designed such that during / immediately after switching off a compressor of the heat pump and / or the termination of a heat request, for example by a heater and / or service water, the current temperature difference .DELTA.T act is determined, wherein a defrost is initiated when the current temperature difference .DELTA.T akt exceeds the sum of the temperature difference .DELTA.T 0 and a constant.
  • An active defrosting device and / or a nature defrosting device may be provided.
  • a device for process reversal and / or for hot gas defrosting can be provided.
  • the control or determination unit can / can be configured such that the defrosting process, in particular a Bachabtauvorgang, preferably in a downtime (only) is initiated when the original temperature T L, 0 of the air flow and / or a current temperature to be determined T L, act of the air flow exceeds a predetermined value T L, before .
  • the defrosting process in particular a Bachabtauvorgang, preferably in a downtime (only) is initiated when the original temperature T L, 0 of the air flow and / or a current temperature to be determined T L, act of the air flow exceeds a predetermined value T L, before .
  • At least two different defrosting devices can be used, such as an active defrosting device and a nature defrosting device, be used.
  • the control or the determination unit can / can be designed such that when exceeding the temperature T L of the air flow over a first, predetermined threshold T G, 1 is a natural defrosting and / or at a temperature below a predetermined temperature T L Limit value T G, 1 an active defrost, in particular via process reversal occurs.
  • the control or determination unit may be designed such that a defrosting process, in particular a Bachabtauvorgang (only) takes place when the temperature T L remains below a second predetermined threshold value T G, 2 .
  • At least one sensor may be provided for determining a temperature of a cooking medium, in particular a fin temperature, wherein the control or determination unit is / are such that a defrosting operation, in particular an active defrosting operation, is terminated upon reaching the predetermined refrigerant piping temperature, in particular the fin temperature, and / or a defrosting, in particular a Naturabtauvorgang, by reaching a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature T L of the air flow and the refrigerant piping temperature, in particular fin temperature is terminated.
  • detection means are provided for determining that a heat request and / or service water request has ended, wherein the control or determination unit is / are designed such that a defrosting process, in particular a natural defrosting operation, which is carried out during a standstill time, by a heat request and / or dhw request is terminated.
  • the device comprises a buffer memory and a heating system, wherein the control or determination unit is / are designed such that the defrosting process is initiated when the buffer memory has reached a predetermined temperature.
  • the device may also include a heating system independently of the provision of a buffer memory.
  • a heat pump device in particular air-water heat pump device comprising a device for defrosting the evaporator of the type described above.
  • the current temperature difference ⁇ T act is formed from the temperature T L, 0 and a current refrigerant temperature (in the present case after the evaporator, suction gas temperature) T K, act .
  • the temperature T L, 0 is the temperature of an air flow passing through the evaporator (in the present case the outside temperature) at a starting time, which is defined in more detail by the arrow 10.
  • the characteristic time defined by the case 10 may correspond to the time of termination of a defrosting operation.
  • the refrigerant temperature or the temperature difference .DELTA.T akt has reached the sum of the temperature difference .DELTA.T 0 and a constant Y. At or immediately after this time, a defrosting process is initiated.
  • Defrosting is thus initiated in particular if the temperature difference ⁇ T akt during the runtime of the compressor results in a value which results from the sum of the temperature difference ⁇ T 0 and a constant A.
  • a defrosting process preferably initiated if the temperature difference .DELTA.T nude compressor switched off 0 to a value of a constant exceeds the temperature difference AT B and / or the outside temperature (or temperature of the evaporator passing air stream T L, 0) is above a predetermined threshold.
  • the constant B may have the same value as the constant A, but also be larger (for example at least 1 K, preferably at least 3 K) or preferably smaller (for example at least 1 K, preferably at least 3 K).
  • Fig. 2 shows a heat pump device comprising a refrigerant circuit 12, which is flowed through during operation of a refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor 13, a condenser 14, an expansion valve 15 and an evaporator 16.
  • an evaporator temperature sensor 18 is arranged to detect a temperature of the refrigerant at the evaporator outlet 17.
  • the evaporator 16 can be acted upon by a fan 19 with an air flow.
  • the temperature of the airflow may be measured by a temperature sensor 20.
  • the measured values of the evaporator temperature sensor 18 and the temperature sensor 20 can be stored in a control unit 21 and processed.
  • a natural defrost can be done by means of the blower 19.
  • an active defrost may be (not in Fig. 2 shown) take place in that a circulation reversal is formed.
  • the circulation reversal may, for example, be controlled by the control unit 21 and / or comprise a four-way valve.
  • Fig. 3 shows a flow chart for (preferably automatic) control of a defrosting operation.
  • the condition of the compressor is detected. Is the compressor "On”, it is next determined whether the current temperature difference ⁇ T akt ⁇ the sum of the original temperature difference .DELTA.T 0 and the constant A is. If this is not the case, then no defrosting takes place. If this is the case, it is next determined whether the temperature of the air flow T L passing through the evaporator is greater than a first threshold value T G, 1 . If this is not the case, then a Aktivabtauvorgang takes place. If this is the case, it is optionally checked whether the temperature of the air flow is greater than a second limit value T G, 2 . If this is not the case, then no defrosting takes place. If this is the case, then a Bachabtauvorgang takes place.
  • the comparison with the second threshold T G, 2 can be omitted.
  • the values for the constants A and B may for example be at least 1 Kelvin, preferably at least 2 Kelvin, more preferably at least 3 Kelvin, even more preferably at least 5 Kelvin, even more preferably at least 10 Kelvin, even more preferably at least 20 Kelvin and / or for example at most 40 Kelvin, preferably at most 30 Kelvin, more preferably at most 20 Kelvin, even more preferably at most 10 Kelvin, even more preferably at most 5 Kelvin, even more preferably at most 3 Kelvin.
  • the defrosting operation may be decided, depending on the temperature T L (or outside temperature), before initiating a defrosting operation, with which defrosting method (active or natural defrosting) the defrosting operation is to be performed. If the temperature T L falls below a certain value, active defrosting takes place, for example via process reversal. If the outside temperature or the temperature T L exceeds a certain value, defrosting takes place. From a certain outside temperature, defrosting is preferably no longer initiated, since at certain outside temperatures icing of the evaporator no longer has to be possible.
  • T L or outside temperature

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
EP11158045.2A 2010-03-17 2011-03-14 Procédé et dispositif de décongélation d'un évaporateur d'un dispositif de pompe à chaleur Active EP2366968B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010016005 2010-03-17
DE102010016603 2010-04-23

Publications (3)

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EP2366968A2 true EP2366968A2 (fr) 2011-09-21
EP2366968A3 EP2366968A3 (fr) 2012-07-18
EP2366968B1 EP2366968B1 (fr) 2017-05-17

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012003202A3 (fr) * 2010-07-01 2012-08-16 Carrier Corporation Dégivrage à la demande à saturation de réfrigérant d'évaporateur
CN103292419A (zh) * 2013-05-30 2013-09-11 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 一种防止冷媒聚集的装置和方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3110850A1 (de) 1981-03-20 1982-09-30 Küppersbusch AG, 4650 Gelsenkirchen Steuereinrichtung fuer die automatische abtauung eines verdampfers
DD226355A1 (de) 1984-04-18 1985-08-21 Lpg Muehlauer Obst Verfahren und einrichtung zum einleiten der abtauung von reifansatz an verdampfern von kaelteanlagen
DE3509664A1 (de) 1985-03-18 1986-09-25 SEP Gesellschaft für technische Studien, Entwicklung, Planung mbH, 8000 München Verfahren und vorrichtung zur automatischen abtauung luftbeaufschlagter verdampfer in kaeltemittelkreislaeufen, insbes. von waermepumpen
DE102006024871A1 (de) 2006-05-24 2007-11-29 Alpha-Innotec Gmbh Verfahren zum Abtauen des Verdampfers eines Wärmepumpenheizsystems

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JPS57164245A (en) * 1981-03-31 1982-10-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Air conditioner
JPS5816140A (ja) * 1981-07-21 1983-01-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 除霜制御装置
DE3227604A1 (de) * 1981-07-29 1983-02-24 Olsberg Gesellschaft für Produktion und Absatz mbH, 5790 Brilon Automatische abtauregelvorrichtung fuer waermepumpen-verdampfer
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US4573326A (en) * 1985-02-04 1986-03-04 American Standard Inc. Adaptive defrost control for heat pump system
EP0285690A1 (fr) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-12 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. Procédé et dispositif pour le dégivrage selon besoin dépendant de la température des installations frigorifiques
US6334321B1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2002-01-01 Carrier Corporation Method and system for defrost control on reversible heat pumps

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3110850A1 (de) 1981-03-20 1982-09-30 Küppersbusch AG, 4650 Gelsenkirchen Steuereinrichtung fuer die automatische abtauung eines verdampfers
DD226355A1 (de) 1984-04-18 1985-08-21 Lpg Muehlauer Obst Verfahren und einrichtung zum einleiten der abtauung von reifansatz an verdampfern von kaelteanlagen
DE3509664A1 (de) 1985-03-18 1986-09-25 SEP Gesellschaft für technische Studien, Entwicklung, Planung mbH, 8000 München Verfahren und vorrichtung zur automatischen abtauung luftbeaufschlagter verdampfer in kaeltemittelkreislaeufen, insbes. von waermepumpen
DE102006024871A1 (de) 2006-05-24 2007-11-29 Alpha-Innotec Gmbh Verfahren zum Abtauen des Verdampfers eines Wärmepumpenheizsystems

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012003202A3 (fr) * 2010-07-01 2012-08-16 Carrier Corporation Dégivrage à la demande à saturation de réfrigérant d'évaporateur
CN103292419A (zh) * 2013-05-30 2013-09-11 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 一种防止冷媒聚集的装置和方法
CN103292419B (zh) * 2013-05-30 2016-06-22 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 一种防止冷媒聚集的装置和方法

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EP2366968A3 (fr) 2012-07-18
EP2366968B1 (fr) 2017-05-17

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EP2827081A2 (fr) Procédé de commande d'une pompe à chaleur

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