EP2283185B9 - Stabilizing reinforcement for use in reinforced soil works - Google Patents
Stabilizing reinforcement for use in reinforced soil works Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2283185B9 EP2283185B9 EP09742240.6A EP09742240A EP2283185B9 EP 2283185 B9 EP2283185 B9 EP 2283185B9 EP 09742240 A EP09742240 A EP 09742240A EP 2283185 B9 EP2283185 B9 EP 2283185B9
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- longitudinal
- parts
- reinforcement
- transverse
- facing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims description 108
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 claims 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stabilizing reinforcement for use in reinforced soil structures, as well as the use of such a reinforcement for the construction of structures in reinforced soil.
- a reinforced soil structure combines a compacted embankment, a siding and reinforcements connected or not to the facing.
- the facing is for example made from prefabricated concrete elements, in the form of slabs or blocks, juxtaposed to cover the front face of the structure.
- a book thus produced is known in particular under the commercial reference Terra Class of Terre Armée Internationale.
- the facing may also be made from a grid, in particular consisting of metal rods welded together.
- a siding may comprise a geotextile and may be vegetated.
- a book thus produced is known in particular under the commercial reference Terra Trel of Terre Armée Internationale.
- reinforcements may be used: metal, for example comprising rods of galvanized steel, of synthetic material such as stabilizing strips for example based on polyester fibers.
- the reinforcements are placed in the ground with a density depending on the stresses that may be exerted on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the friction soil-reinforcements.
- the stabilizing reinforcements are attached to the facing and / or to a wall located at a distance from the facing.
- Stabilizing reinforcements for use in reinforced soil structures include longitudinal, elongated portions. Their length is of the order of magnitude of the meter. They can reach several meters in length.
- the longitudinal portions of the reinforcements may be arranged one by one in the ground, or may be assembled together by different means. The width and the thickness of such longitudinal parts are of the order of a centimeter, and generally do not exceed ten centimeters.
- the longitudinal portions may be arranged substantially perpendicularly to the facing or be arranged at an angle to the facing. In the latter case, there are generally longitudinal portions on either side of an axis perpendicular to the facing. In general, the longitudinal portions of the reinforcements are arranged in a substantially horizontal plane.
- An example where the longitudinal parts are at an angle to the facing is the modular reinforcement arranged in a triangular network according to FR-A-2233857 . This document represents the prior art closest to the reinforcement of claim 1.
- Metal stabilizing reinforcements are often considered advantageous in terms of price and generally consist of metal rods welded together to form for example ladders or trellis.
- a ladder-shaped reinforcement generally consists of two substantially parallel metal rods, each constituting a longitudinal portion, and transverse rods which connect the longitudinal rods together to provide rigidity to the assembly.
- transverse is meant a portion of a reinforcement that connects two longitudinal portions to each other. Such parts are for example made of rods. As a result, the transverse portions are arranged to be substantially parallel or angled with respect to a facing.
- transverse rods of the ladder-shaped reinforcements are generally arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal rods. They may, however, be inclined relative to the longitudinal rods.
- transverse rods are generally distributed over the entire length of the longitudinal rods and in particular spaced regularly.
- the spacing between two transverse rods is of the order of a few tens of centimeters for a usual ladder-shaped reinforcement.
- one end of the ladder-shaped reinforcement comprises a fastening means to the facing, in particular hooks formed or arranged on one end of the longitudinal rods, or a flat and pierced piece connecting the ends of two longitudinal rods, where the pierced portion of said part is intended to receive means of connection with the facing.
- the metal rods used for such reinforcements are generally steel rods. They are often cylindrical and their diameter is generally of the order of a centimeter. These rods are advantageous to use because their cost is very moderate. However, the medium in which they are disposed is corrosive, especially because of the pH of the soils and ions they include, which may further vary with time, rainfall or other parameters.
- Such ladder-shaped stabilizing reinforcement has several disadvantages. It is often necessary to move it, or even to transport it from a remote production site, before setting it up on a soil reinforcement site. The associated transportation costs can be high because such reinforcements are bulky.
- welds are sometimes weak points of a ladder-shaped reinforcement. It seems indeed that protection by galvanizing is often imperfect in the weld zones, thus potentially allowing localized corrosion and significantly reducing the robustness of the whole.
- One solution may be to increase the safety coefficients for a given structure, for example by increasing the density of reinforcements. Such a solution is nevertheless expensive and unsatisfactory.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and in particular to provide a reinforcement free of risks associated with corrosion of welds between longitudinal and transverse parts.
- the invention thus proposes a stabilizing reinforcement defined precisely in claim 1.
- transverse moving parts transverse parts may be displaced relative to at least one longitudinal portion. This displacement may correspond to a translation, in which case the transverse part moves as a whole with respect to the two longitudinal parts. This displacement can also be a rotation. In some cases of rotation, a point, in particular an end of a transverse part may remain fixed relative to a longitudinal portion, while the remainder of this transverse portion moves relative to the two longitudinal portions. It is also possible to combine a translation and a rotation.
- the displacement of a transverse portion relative to a longitudinal portion may be effected from the zone of the reinforcement where the two longitudinal portions are farthest from each other to the zone where these longitudinal portions are the closest, especially to the point where the axes of these two longitudinal portions overlap, that is to say in the direction of the interior of the embankment to the facing when the reinforcement is disposed in a structure.
- angular stops to limit the angular spacing of two longitudinal portions any means for limiting the angular spacing of the two longitudinal portions, in particular by limiting a distance between two points of two separate longitudinal parts.
- a stabilization reinforcement according to the invention it is possible to avoid welding the longitudinal parts to the transverse parts. As a result, such a reinforcement no longer presents a risk of preferential corrosion.
- the combination of a non-zero angular difference ⁇ + ⁇ between two longitudinal portions and the use of transverse portions comprising angular stops makes it possible to ensure the stiffening of the reinforcement when said longitudinal parts come into contact with said abutments of the transverse parts.
- the invention also relates to a structure in reinforced soil comprising a facing along a front face of the structure and / or a wall delimiting a backfill, wherein said backfill is stabilized by at least one stabilizing reinforcement according to the present invention.
- the invention also relates to such a reinforced soil structure where the angles ⁇ and ⁇ are substantially equal to each other, the angles ⁇ and ⁇ each measuring the angular difference between an orthogonal axis facing and one of the two longitudinal portions.
- the structure thus produced is preferably obtained with a plurality of said stabilizing reinforcements, each comprising two longitudinal parts, where these different reinforcements are spaced from each other, without them touching or being interconnected by something else. only fill material.
- these various reinforcements are connected to the siding at intervals regular, both in a horizontal plane and in a plane parallel to the facing. In this way, a reinforced structure is obtained efficiently and easily.
- the invention also relates to a method of constructing a structure in reinforced soil, in which is placed at a distance from a wall, a facing along a front face of the work delimiting a volume to be backfilled, there are reinforcements in a zone of said volume, embankment material is brought into said volume and the backfill material is compacted, where said reinforcements consist at least partly of stabilizing reinforcements according to the present invention.
- the stabilizing reinforcements are arranged spaced from each other, without them touching or being interconnected by anything other than backfill material.
- each longitudinal portion there are two longitudinal parts connecting one end of each longitudinal portion to the facing or the wall in a substantially horizontal plane, there is a plurality of elements comprising a transverse part and moving said parts transverse to the longitudinal portions, for example in translation and / or in rotation, so as to delimit the angular spacing ⁇ + ⁇ .
- each longitudinal portion there are two longitudinal parts connecting one end of each longitudinal portion to the facing or the wall in a substantially horizontal plane, there is an element comprising a plurality of transverse parts in continuity of material, so as to delimit the angular spacing ⁇ + ⁇ .
- two longitudinal parts are arranged by connecting one end of each longitudinal part to the facing or to the wall in a substantially horizontal plane, the one or both longitudinal part (s) being connected (s) in continuity of material with a transverse portion, the transverse portion is rotated relative to said longitudinal portion so as to define the angular spacing ⁇ + ⁇ .
- the figure 1 illustrates a schematic top view, where a stabilizing reinforcement 1, according to the invention, is connected to a facing (not shown) at a point along a line 2.
- a facing is usually made up of a plurality of facing elements, for example formed by a concrete block cast in a mold.
- the cladding element may comprise one or more anchoring pieces, for example hook or ring, embedded in the concrete and extending beyond the concrete block according to line 2.
- line 2 is generally substantially parallel to the front face of the facing.
- the reinforcement 1 is connected to an anchor piece of a facing element via a hook 3.
- the reinforcement shown generally extends substantially horizontally and rests on backfill material.
- the reinforcement 1 comprises two longitudinal parts 11, connected in continuity of material by a bend 12 to form a part 10 having substantially the shape of a V, and a plurality of transverse portions 15. Without limitation, three transverse parts are shown .
- the transverse parts are of regularly increasing length, d 1 , d 2 , d 3 . Each of their ends is provided with a hook 16 whose end is directed towards the inside of the transverse parts
- the two longitudinal parts are spaced angularly from a non-zero angle ⁇ + ⁇ , in this case of the order of 20 ° to 30 °.
- the angles ⁇ and ⁇ are substantially equal, where the angles ⁇ and ⁇ each measure the angular difference between an axis orthogonal to the line 2 of the cladding attachment locations and the longitudinal portion 11 located to the right of the figure and respectively the longitudinal portion 11 to the left of the figure.
- the piece 10 may for example be formed on a site by bending a rod length 2 L in the middle to obtain the two longitudinal portions 11 of length L, spaced an angle ⁇ + ⁇ .
- the transverse portions 15 may for example be formed on a site by bending inward the ends of a rod to form the hooks 16.
- the transverse portions 15 are arranged so that the hooks 16 of each end of each part transverse grip a longitudinal portion 11 of the part 10 and thus form angular stops to limit the angular spacing of the two longitudinal portions 11.
- Such a reinforcement 1 can be obtained by first placing the workpiece 10 on a fill, then sliding the transverse portions 15 in the direction from the bend 12 to the opposite ends of the longitudinal portions 11 until the hooks 16 are abutting said longitudinal portions 11.
- the three transverse portions 15 are then spaced from each other by a value E and prevent the longitudinal portions 11 from departing from more than d 1 , d 2 , d 3 respectively at the points of contact.
- a hook 3 can be placed in the bend 12 of the piece 10 and hooked to an anchoring piece on the line 2.
- the figure 2 illustrates a top view of another stabilizing reinforcement 1 according to the invention.
- the reinforcement comprises two parts 20 each comprising a longitudinal portion 21 with each a hook 22 at one end.
- the hooks 22 are arranged in a ring 27 which is connected to an anchoring plate 28.
- This plate may be integral with a facing element or may be attached thereto.
- the two longitudinal portions 21 are separated by an angle ⁇ + ⁇ and their angular spacing is limited by transverse portions 15 of the type of those described above.
- the ends of the longitudinal portions 21, opposite those where the hooks 22 are arranged are interconnected. They may for example be interconnected by parts 24 extending them. These portions 24 are substantially parallel to the transverse portions 15 and connected in continuity of material by a bend 23 to the longitudinal portions 21.
- the parts 24 may for example be connected together by means of threaded ends 25 held by an inverted-threaded piece 26.
- FIG. 3 A variant of the embodiment of the figure 2 is represented in figure 3 wherein a stabilizing reinforcement according to the invention comprises two parts 30 each comprising a longitudinal portion 31 and a head 32 at one end.
- the heads 32 are disposed in one of the holes of an anchoring plate 28 of the type previously described.
- the two anchor plates are spaced apart and the heads 32 of the parts 30 are thus connected to the facing at remote points. It is thus possible to make a stabilization reinforcement wider than those previously described.
- the figure 4 illustrates a top view of a stabilizing reinforcement 1 according to the invention which is a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. figure 2 .
- the reinforcement comprises two parts 40 and 44 each comprising a longitudinal portion 41 and 45 respectively, each having a hook 42 at one end disposed in a ring 27 connected to an anchor plate 28.
- the longitudinal portion 45 of the piece 44 is straight.
- the longitudinal part 41 of the part 40 comprises housings 43.
- This longitudinal portion can be made from the same rod by bending to form the dwellings 43 and the hook 42. It is also possible to obtain a piece of this type from a straight rod to which is reported, for example by screwing, welding or any other suitable means, housing.
- the transverse portions 46 comprise at each end heads 47, 48, for example obtained by bending at 90 ° of a rod, or by relating a head end 47, 48 by any other means known to those skilled in the art.
- One of the heads 47 of each of the transverse portions 46 is disposed in a housing 43 of the longitudinal portion 41.
- the heads 47 and the housings 43 are, in the example shown, made so that the heads 47 can move only in rotation relative to their axis in the housings 43.
- the reinforcement 1 represented in figure 4 can be obtained by placing on a backfill parts 40 and 44, by hooking these parts by their hooks 42 to a ring 27 connected to the facing, by separating the two parts 40 and 44 from the desired angle ⁇ + ⁇ , by introducing the heads 47 in the housings 43 of the workpiece 40, and rotating the transverse portions 46 about the axis of the heads 47 until the heads 48 of said transverse parts come to contact the workpiece 44 to limit the angular spacing between the longitudinal portions 41 and 45.
- the figure 5 illustrates a top view of a stabilizing reinforcement 1 according to yet another embodiment.
- This reinforcement comprises two longitudinal portions 11, connected in continuity of material by a bend 12 to form a part 10 and a part 55 comprising a plurality of transverse portions 56 connected in continuity of material by bends 57. It is quite possible to replace the part 10 including the transverse parts here represented by pieces 20 or 30 as represented respectively in figures 2 and 3 .
- the part 55 comprises at these ends hooks 58, 59.
- Such a part 55 can be made by bending a rod.
- the reinforcement 1 represented in figure 5 can be obtained by sliding the piece 55 on the piece 10 from the elbow 12, for example by introducing the longitudinal portions 11 in the loops formed by a bend 57 and the two transverse portions 56 attached thereto.
- the piece 55 thus passes above and below the piece 10.
- the hooks 58, 59 form angular stops to limit the angular spacing ⁇ + ⁇ of the longitudinal portions 11.
- the bends 57 also constitute angular stops to limit the angular spacing of the two longitudinal portions.
- the figure 6 illustrates a stabilizing reinforcement 1 according to the prior art constituted by a continuous part 60.
- This reinforcement comprises two longitudinal parts 61, connected in continuity of material by a bend 62 and two transverse parts 65, 66 each connected in continuity so as to a elbow respectively 63, 64 with the longitudinal parts 61.
- a hook 67, 68 is disposed at the other end of each transverse part 65, 66.
- Such a reinforcement can be obtained by bending a single rod.
- the transverse portions 65, 66 can be displaced, for example by rotation about the axis of the elbows 63, 64, by slightly deforming these bends, so as to bring the hooks 67, 68 into contact with the longitudinal portions 61 and thus form angular stops to limit the angular spacing of the two longitudinal portions.
- the figure 7 illustrates another embodiment of a stabilizing reinforcement 1 according to the invention which can also be obtained by bending a single rod and forming a continuous piece 70.
- This reinforcement comprises two longitudinal portions 71, 73 connected in continuity of material by a bend 72 and a plurality of transverse portions 75, 77.
- the transverse portion 75 is connected in continuity of material to the longitudinal portion 73 by a bend 74.
- the other transverse portions 77 are connected in continuity of material between them by bends 76, and one of them is connected in continuity of material by a bend 76 to the transverse portion 75.
- a hook 78 is disposed at the end of the part transverse 77 farthest from the transverse portion 75.
- the hook 78 forms an angular abutment making it possible to limit the angular spacing of the two longitudinal parts 71, 73 as well as the bends 76 which are drawn so that their internal part comes into contact with the longitudinal parts 71, 73 when the hook 78 is in contact with the longitudinal part 73.
- the displacement of the transverse portions 15, 46, 56, 75, 77 is effected within a perimeter defined by the two longitudinal portions 11, 21, 31 , 41, 44, 71, 73, their point of intersection or the line joining the two ends closest to the two longitudinal parts and the line joining the two other ends furthest from the two longitudinal parts.
- the perimeter is defined by the two longitudinal portions, respectively 11, 21, 41 and 44, 11, 61 which meet at a point of intersection, respectively located in the bend 12, at the overlap of the hooks 22, the hooks 42, in the bends 12, 62, 72 and the line joining the other two most designated ends of these two longitudinal portions respectively 11, 21, 41 and 44, 11, 61.
- the perimeter is defined by the two longitudinal portions 31, the line passing through their two ends closest together passing through the heads 32 and the line joining the other two ends furthest from these two longitudinal portions 31.
- the invention also relates to a method of constructing a structure in reinforced soil.
- the figure 8 illustrates such a method.
- a compacted embankment 81 in which stabilizing reinforcements 1 according to the invention are distributed, is delimited on the front side of the structure by a facing 84 constituted by juxtaposing prefabricated elements 85, and on the rear side by the ground 83. against which is erected the retaining wall.
- the stabilizing reinforcements 1 can be connected to the facing elements 85, and extend for a distance within the embankment 81. These stabilizing reinforcements 1 contribute to reinforce the soil located in a reinforced zone Z at the back of the siding 84.
- the material of the embankment 81 has a high resistance because it is reinforced by the stabilizing reinforcements 1. It is thus able to withstand the shear stresses that are exerted due to tensile forces This reinforcing area Z must naturally have a thickness sufficient to hold the facing 84 firmly.
- the stabilizing reinforcements are generally connected by connecting means, in particular hooks or rings, to the back of the facing elements 85.
- the stabilizing reinforcements 1 are arranged in horizontal planes superposed alternately on the height of the structure.
- the stabilizing reinforcements 1 are attached to the wall 83.
- the attachment to the wall can be done by nailing an anchoring element in the wall 83 which for example is bonded a ring. Then there is for example a hook which connects said ring and a stabilizing reinforcement.
- a reinforcement of the type of the reinforcement represented in FIG. figure 2 by a hook located along the parts 24 or in a bend 23, a reinforcement shown in figure 6 by a hook located in a bend 63 or 64, or a reinforcement represented in figure 7 by a hook located in the elbow 74. It is also conceivable to connect a reinforcement whose end of longitudinal portion 11, 31, 41, 44, 71 is free by adding at this end a hook or a ring to introduce a connecting element to the wall.
- the reinforcements according to the invention can be used and to attach them to a wall only.
- the narrowest part of the stabilizing reinforcements is directed towards the wall 83 to which it is connected.
- line 2 represents the line of anchorage points at the wall.
- the plates 28 may be connected to the wall by nailing.
- attachment reinforcements a reinforcing layer being attached to the wall and the reinforcing layer located above and / or below being attached to a facing.
- the projections on a horizontal plane of the reinforcements attached to the wall and those attached to the facing have an overlapping zone.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un renfort de stabilisation destiné à être utilisé dans des ouvrages en sol renforcé, ainsi que l'utilisation d'un tel renfort pour la construction d'ouvrages en sol renforcé.The present invention relates to a stabilizing reinforcement for use in reinforced soil structures, as well as the use of such a reinforcement for the construction of structures in reinforced soil.
Un ouvrage en sol renforcé associe un remblai compacté, un parement et des renforcements connectés ou non au parement.A reinforced soil structure combines a compacted embankment, a siding and reinforcements connected or not to the facing.
Le parement est par exemple réalisé à partir d'éléments préfabriqués en béton, en forme de dalles ou de blocs, juxtaposés pour recouvrir la face frontale de l'ouvrage. Un ouvrage ainsi réalisé est connu notamment sous la référence commerciale Terra Class de la société Terre Armée Internationale.The facing is for example made from prefabricated concrete elements, in the form of slabs or blocks, juxtaposed to cover the front face of the structure. A book thus produced is known in particular under the commercial reference Terra Class of Terre Armée Internationale.
Le parement peut également être réalisé à partir d'une grille, notamment constituée de tiges métalliques soudées entre elles. Un tel parement peut comprendre un géotextile et peut être végétalisé. Un ouvrage ainsi réalisé est connu notamment sous la référence commerciale Terra Trel de la société Terre Armée Internationale.The facing may also be made from a grid, in particular consisting of metal rods welded together. Such a siding may comprise a geotextile and may be vegetated. A book thus produced is known in particular under the commercial reference Terra Trel of Terre Armée Internationale.
Divers types de renforcements peuvent être utilisés : métalliques, par exemple comprenant des tiges en acier galvanisé, en matière synthétique telle que des bandes de stabilisation par exemple à base de fibres de polyester. Les renforts sont mis en place dans le sol avec une densité dépendant des contraintes pouvant s'exercer sur l'ouvrage, les efforts de poussée du terrain étant repris par le frottement sol-renforcements.Various types of reinforcements may be used: metal, for example comprising rods of galvanized steel, of synthetic material such as stabilizing strips for example based on polyester fibers. The reinforcements are placed in the ground with a density depending on the stresses that may be exerted on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the friction soil-reinforcements.
Les renforts de stabilisation sont rattachés au parement et/ou à une paroi située à distance du parement.The stabilizing reinforcements are attached to the facing and / or to a wall located at a distance from the facing.
Les renforts de stabilisation destinés à être utilisés dans des ouvrages en sol renforcé comprennent des parties longitudinales, de forme allongée. Leur longueur est de l'ordre de grandeur du mètre. Elles peuvent atteindre plusieurs mètres de longueur. Les parties longitudinales des renforts peuvent être disposées une à une dans le sol, ou être assemblées entre elles par différents moyens. La largeur et l'épaisseur de telles parties longitudinales sont de l'ordre du centimètre, et ne dépassent en général pas la dizaine de centimètres.Stabilizing reinforcements for use in reinforced soil structures include longitudinal, elongated portions. Their length is of the order of magnitude of the meter. They can reach several meters in length. The longitudinal portions of the reinforcements may be arranged one by one in the ground, or may be assembled together by different means. The width and the thickness of such longitudinal parts are of the order of a centimeter, and generally do not exceed ten centimeters.
Les parties longitudinales peuvent être disposées sensiblement perpendiculairement au parement ou bien être disposées en biais par rapport au parement. Dans ce dernier cas, on dispose en général les parties longitudinales de part et d'autre d'un axe perpendiculaire au parement. En général, les parties longitudinales des renforts sont disposées dans un plan sensiblement horizontal. Un exemple où les parties longitudinales sont en biais par rapport au parement est le renfort modulaire agencé en réseau triangulaire selon
Les renforts de stabilisation métalliques sont souvent considérés comme avantageux en termes de prix et sont généralement constitués de tiges métalliques soudées entre elles pour former par exemple des échelles ou un treillis.Metal stabilizing reinforcements are often considered advantageous in terms of price and generally consist of metal rods welded together to form for example ladders or trellis.
Un renfort en forme d'échelle est en général constitué de deux tiges métalliques sensiblement parallèles, constituant chacune une partie longitudinale, et de tiges transverses qui relient les tiges longitudinales entre elles afin d'assurer une rigidité à l'ensemble.A ladder-shaped reinforcement generally consists of two substantially parallel metal rods, each constituting a longitudinal portion, and transverse rods which connect the longitudinal rods together to provide rigidity to the assembly.
On entend par « transverse » une partie d'un renfort qui relie deux parties longitudinales entre elles. De telles parties sont par exemple constituées de tiges. En conséquence, les parties transverses sont disposées de manière à être sensiblement parallèles ou en biais par rapport à un parement.By "transverse" is meant a portion of a reinforcement that connects two longitudinal portions to each other. Such parts are for example made of rods. As a result, the transverse portions are arranged to be substantially parallel or angled with respect to a facing.
Les tiges transverses des renforts en forme d'échelle sont en général disposées perpendiculairement aux tiges longitudinales. Elles peuvent être cependant inclinées par rapport aux tiges longitudinales.The transverse rods of the ladder-shaped reinforcements are generally arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal rods. They may, however, be inclined relative to the longitudinal rods.
Ces tiges transverses sont en général réparties sur toute la longueur des tiges longitudinales et notamment espacées de manière régulière. Par exemple, l'espacement entre deux tiges transverses est de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de centimètre pour un renfort en forme d'échelle usuel.These transverse rods are generally distributed over the entire length of the longitudinal rods and in particular spaced regularly. For example, the spacing between two transverse rods is of the order of a few tens of centimeters for a usual ladder-shaped reinforcement.
On forme ainsi un renfort ressemblant à une échelle.This forms a reinforcement resembling a ladder.
En général une extrémité du renfort en forme d'échelle comprend un moyen de fixation au parement, notamment des crochets formés ou disposés sur une extrémité des tiges longitudinales, ou une pièce plate et percée reliant les extrémités de deux tiges longitudinales, où la partie percée de ladite pièce est destinée à recevoir des moyens de liaison avec le parement.In general, one end of the ladder-shaped reinforcement comprises a fastening means to the facing, in particular hooks formed or arranged on one end of the longitudinal rods, or a flat and pierced piece connecting the ends of two longitudinal rods, where the pierced portion of said part is intended to receive means of connection with the facing.
Les tiges métalliques utilisées pour de tels renforts sont généralement des tiges en acier. Elles sont souvent cylindriques et leur diamètre est en général de l'ordre du centimètre. Ces tiges sont avantageuses à utiliser car leur coût est très modéré. Cependant, le milieu dans lequel elles sont disposées est corrosif, notamment du fait des pH des sols et des ions qu'ils comprennent, qui peuvent en outre varier en fonction du temps, de la pluviosité ou autres paramètres.The metal rods used for such reinforcements are generally steel rods. They are often cylindrical and their diameter is generally of the order of a centimeter. These rods are advantageous to use because their cost is very moderate. However, the medium in which they are disposed is corrosive, especially because of the pH of the soils and ions they include, which may further vary with time, rainfall or other parameters.
Il convient donc, afin d'assurer aux ouvrages réalisés une durée de vie satisfaisante, de protéger les renforts en acier utilisés.It is therefore necessary, in order to ensure the works carried out a satisfactory life, to protect the steel reinforcements used.
Afin de réaliser un renfort de stabilisation métallique en forme d'échelle pérenne, on procède usuellement de la manière suivante :
- disposer sensiblement parallèlement deux tiges longitudinales,
- disposer les tiges transverses, en général de manière orthogonale aux tiges longitudinales,
- souder les tiges transverses aux tiges longitudinales,
- traiter par galvanisation l'ensemble.
- arrange substantially parallel two longitudinal rods,
- arrange the transverse rods, generally orthogonal to the longitudinal rods,
- weld the transverse rods to the longitudinal rods,
- Galvanize the whole.
Un tel renfort de stabilisation en forme d'échelle présente plusieurs inconvénients. Il est d'abord souvent nécessaire de le déplacer, voire de le transporter à partir d'un site de production éloigné, avant de le mettre en place sur un chantier de renforcement de sol. Les coûts de transport associés peuvent être élevés car de tels renforts sont encombrants.Such ladder-shaped stabilizing reinforcement has several disadvantages. It is often necessary to move it, or even to transport it from a remote production site, before setting it up on a soil reinforcement site. The associated transportation costs can be high because such reinforcements are bulky.
En outre, les inventeurs ont pu déterminer que les soudures sont parfois des points faibles d'un renfort en forme d'échelle. Il semble en effet que la protection par galvanisation soit souvent imparfaite dans les zones de soudure, risquant ainsi de permettre la corrosion localisée et de réduire significativement la robustesse de l'ensemble. Une solution peut être d'augmenter les coefficients de sécurité pour un ouvrage donné, par exemple en augmentant la densité de renforts. Une telle solution est néanmoins onéreuse et peu satisfaisante.In addition, the inventors have been able to determine that the welds are sometimes weak points of a ladder-shaped reinforcement. It seems indeed that protection by galvanizing is often imperfect in the weld zones, thus potentially allowing localized corrosion and significantly reducing the robustness of the whole. One solution may be to increase the safety coefficients for a given structure, for example by increasing the density of reinforcements. Such a solution is nevertheless expensive and unsatisfactory.
Il est également possible d'utiliser, pour former un renfort de stabilisation en forme d'échelle, des fils ou des barres d'acier, préalablement revêtus en continu par un alliage de zinc-aluminium, qui sont découpés aux dimensions désirées puis soudés. On constate que les soudures peuvent endommager significativement le revêtement protecteur et cet endommagement peut également réduire la robustesse du renfort.It is also possible to use, for forming a ladder-shaped stabilizing reinforcement, son or bars of steel, previously continuously coated with a zinc-aluminum alloy, which are cut to the desired dimensions and then welded. It is found that the welds can significantly damage the protective coating and this damage can also reduce the strength of the reinforcement.
Un but de la présente invention est d'obvier aux inconvénients précités et notamment de proposer un renfort dépourvu de risques associés à la corrosion des soudures entre parties longitudinales et parties transverses.An object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and in particular to provide a reinforcement free of risks associated with corrosion of welds between longitudinal and transverse parts.
L'invention propose ainsi un renfort de stabilisation défini précisément dans la revendication 1.The invention thus proposes a stabilizing reinforcement defined precisely in
On entend par « des parties transverses mobiles » des parties transverses susceptibles de connaître un déplacement par rapport à au moins une partie longitudinale. Ce déplacement peut correspondre à une translation, auquel cas la partie transverse se déplace dans son ensemble par rapport aux deux parties longitudinales. Ce déplacement peut également être une rotation. Dans certains cas de rotation, un point, notamment une extrémité d'une partie transverse peut rester fixe par rapport à une partie longitudinale, alors que le reste de cette partie transverse se déplace par rapport aux deux parties longitudinales. Il est également possible de combiner une translation et une rotation.The term "transverse moving parts" transverse parts may be displaced relative to at least one longitudinal portion. This displacement may correspond to a translation, in which case the transverse part moves as a whole with respect to the two longitudinal parts. This displacement can also be a rotation. In some cases of rotation, a point, in particular an end of a transverse part may remain fixed relative to a longitudinal portion, while the remainder of this transverse portion moves relative to the two longitudinal portions. It is also possible to combine a translation and a rotation.
De manière générale, le déplacement d'une partie transverse par rapport à une partie longitudinale peut s'effectuer de la zone du renfort où les deux parties longitudinales sont les plus éloignées l'une de l'autre vers la zone où ces parties longitudinales sont les plus rapprochées, notamment vers le point où les axes de ces deux parties longitudinales se recoupent, c'est-à-dire dans le sens de l'intérieur du remblai vers le parement quand le renfort est disposé dans un ouvrage.In general, the displacement of a transverse portion relative to a longitudinal portion may be effected from the zone of the reinforcement where the two longitudinal portions are farthest from each other to the zone where these longitudinal portions are the closest, especially to the point where the axes of these two longitudinal portions overlap, that is to say in the direction of the interior of the embankment to the facing when the reinforcement is disposed in a structure.
On entend par « butées angulaires permettant de limiter l'écartement angulaire de deux parties longitudinales » tout moyen permettant de limiter l'écartement angulaire des deux parties longitudinales, notamment en limitant une distance entre deux points de deux parties longitudinales distinctes.The term "angular stops to limit the angular spacing of two longitudinal portions" any means for limiting the angular spacing of the two longitudinal portions, in particular by limiting a distance between two points of two separate longitudinal parts.
Grâce à un renfort de stabilisation selon l'invention, il est possible d'éviter de souder les parties longitudinales aux parties transverses. Il en résulte qu'un tel renfort ne présente plus de risque de corrosion préférentiel.Thanks to a stabilization reinforcement according to the invention, it is possible to avoid welding the longitudinal parts to the transverse parts. As a result, such a reinforcement no longer presents a risk of preferential corrosion.
En outre, il est ainsi possible de fabriquer le renfort sur le lieu du chantier de l'ouvrage en sol renforcé par exemple à partir de tiges ou de fils métalliques déjà galvanisés qui sont commercialement disponibles et de les mettre en forme, par exemple par pliage ou cintrage, afin d'obtenir la configuration souhaitée du renfort. Il n'est donc plus nécessaire de procéder à une opération préalable de galvanisation du renfort sur un lieu de production éloigné du chantier.In addition, it is thus possible to manufacture the reinforcement at the work site of the structure in reinforced soil for example from rods or already galvanized metal son that are commercially available and to shape them, for example by folding or bending, to obtain the desired configuration of the reinforcement. It is therefore no longer necessary to carry out a prior operation of galvanizing the reinforcement at a production site away from the site.
De manière remarquable, la combinaison d'un écart angulaire α + β non nul entre deux parties longitudinales et l'utilisation de parties transverses comprenant des butées angulaires permet d'assurer la rigidification du renfort quand lesdites parties longitudinales viennent contacter lesdites butées des parties transverses.Remarkably, the combination of a non-zero angular difference α + β between two longitudinal portions and the use of transverse portions comprising angular stops makes it possible to ensure the stiffening of the reinforcement when said longitudinal parts come into contact with said abutments of the transverse parts. .
Selon différents modes de réalisation qui peuvent être combinés :
- les parties longitudinales sont en métal, notamment en acier galvanisé, par exemple formées de tiges cylindriques ;
- les parties transverses sont en métal, notamment en acier galvanisé, par exemple formées de tiges cylindriques ;
- deux parties longitudinales sont reliées entre elles en continuité de matière pour former une pièce ayant sensiblement la forme d'un V ;
- deux parties longitudinales sont indépendantes et articulées afin de pouvoir former entre elles un angle α + β non nul ;
- deux parties longitudinales indépendantes sont articulées autour d'un même axe, par exemple grâce à des crochets situés à une de leurs extrémités ;
- deux parties longitudinales indépendantes sont articulées autour de deux axes différents, par exemple grâce à des crochets situés à une de leurs extrémités ;
- des extrémités de deux parties longitudinales sont reliées entre elles de manière rigide ;
- les butées angulaires des parties transverses sont des crochets ou des têtes situés à chaque extrémité des dites parties transverses ;
- une pluralité de parties transverses sont de longueur régulièrement croissante et sont susceptibles de déterminer une pluralité de distances d'écartement maximales entre deux parties longitudinales ;
- une extrémité d'au moins une partie transverse est maintenue mobile en rotation dans un logement d'une partie longitudinale ;
- une extrémité d'une partie longitudinale est reliée à une partie transverse en continuité de matière par des portions intermédiaires, par exemple sensiblement en forme de coude, de V ou de U ;
- les parties transverses d'un même renfort de stabilisation sont reliées entre elles en continuité de matière par des portions intermédiaires, par exemple sensiblement en forme de coude, de V ou de U ;
- l'angle α + β est compris entre 10° et 120°, de préférence est supérieur ou égal à 20° et/ou inférieur ou égal à 90°, voire sensiblement égal à 30°.
- the longitudinal parts are made of metal, in particular galvanized steel, for example formed of cylindrical rods;
- the transverse parts are made of metal, in particular galvanized steel, for example formed of cylindrical rods;
- two longitudinal portions are interconnected in continuity of material to form a part having substantially the shape of a V;
- two longitudinal parts are independent and articulated so as to form between them a non-zero angle α + β;
- two independent longitudinal parts are articulated around the same axis, for example by means of hooks located at one of their ends;
- two independent longitudinal parts are articulated around two different axes, for example by means of hooks located at one of their ends;
- ends of two longitudinal parts are interconnected rigidly;
- the angular stops of the transverse parts are hooks or heads located at each end of said transverse parts;
- a plurality of transverse portions are of regularly increasing length and are capable of determining a plurality of maximum spacing distances between two longitudinal portions;
- an end of at least one transverse portion is rotatably held in a housing of a longitudinal portion;
- an end of a longitudinal portion is connected to a transverse portion in continuity of material by intermediate portions, for example substantially elbow, V or U;
- the transverse portions of the same stabilizing reinforcement are interconnected in continuity of material by intermediate portions, for example substantially elbow, V or U;
- the angle α + β is between 10 ° and 120 °, preferably is greater than or equal to 20 ° and / or less than or equal to 90 °, or even substantially equal to 30 °.
L'invention vise également un ouvrage en sol renforcé comprenant un parement suivant une face frontale de l'ouvrage et/ou une paroi délimitant un remblai, où ledit remblai est stabilisé par au moins un renfort de stabilisation selon la présente invention.The invention also relates to a structure in reinforced soil comprising a facing along a front face of the structure and / or a wall delimiting a backfill, wherein said backfill is stabilized by at least one stabilizing reinforcement according to the present invention.
L'invention vise également un tel ouvrage en sol renforcé où les angles α et β sont sensiblement égaux entre eux, les angles α et β mesurant chacun l'écart angulaire entre un axe orthogonal au parement et une des deux parties longitudinales.The invention also relates to such a reinforced soil structure where the angles α and β are substantially equal to each other, the angles α and β each measuring the angular difference between an orthogonal axis facing and one of the two longitudinal portions.
L'ouvrage ainsi réalisé est obtenu de préférence avec une pluralité desdits renforts de stabilisation, chacun comprenant deux parties longitudinales, où ces différents renforts sont écartés les uns des autres, sans qu'ils ne se touchent ni ne soient reliés entre eux par autre chose que du matériau de remblai. Selon un mode de réalisation, ces différents renforts sont reliés au parement à intervalles réguliers, à la fois dans un plan horizontal et dans un plan parallèle au parement. On obtient ainsi un ouvrage renforcé de manière efficace et simple à réaliser.The structure thus produced is preferably obtained with a plurality of said stabilizing reinforcements, each comprising two longitudinal parts, where these different reinforcements are spaced from each other, without them touching or being interconnected by something else. only fill material. According to one embodiment, these various reinforcements are connected to the siding at intervals regular, both in a horizontal plane and in a plane parallel to the facing. In this way, a reinforced structure is obtained efficiently and easily.
L'invention porte également sur un procédé de construction d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé, dans lequel on dispose à distance d'une paroi, un parement suivant une face frontale de l'ouvrage délimitant un volume à remblayer, on dispose des renforcements dans une zone dudit volume, on apporte du matériau de remblai dans ledit volume et on compacte le matériau de remblai, où lesdits renforcements sont constitués au moins pour partie de renforts de stabilisation selon la présente invention.The invention also relates to a method of constructing a structure in reinforced soil, in which is placed at a distance from a wall, a facing along a front face of the work delimiting a volume to be backfilled, there are reinforcements in a zone of said volume, embankment material is brought into said volume and the backfill material is compacted, where said reinforcements consist at least partly of stabilizing reinforcements according to the present invention.
Selon un mode de réalisation du procédé de construction, les renforts de stabilisation sont disposés écartés les uns des autres, sans qu'ils ne se touchent, ni soient reliés entre eux par autre chose que du matériau de remblai.According to one embodiment of the construction method, the stabilizing reinforcements are arranged spaced from each other, without them touching or being interconnected by anything other than backfill material.
Selon un mode de réalisation de ce procédé, on dispose deux parties longitudinales en reliant une extrémité de chaque partie longitudinale au parement ou à la paroi dans un plan sensiblement horizontal, on dispose une pluralité d'éléments comprenant une partie transverse et on déplace lesdites parties transverses par rapport aux parties longitudinales, par exemple en translation et/ou en rotation, de manière à délimiter l'écartement angulaire α + β.According to one embodiment of this method, there are two longitudinal parts connecting one end of each longitudinal portion to the facing or the wall in a substantially horizontal plane, there is a plurality of elements comprising a transverse part and moving said parts transverse to the longitudinal portions, for example in translation and / or in rotation, so as to delimit the angular spacing α + β.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de ce procédé, on dispose deux parties longitudinales en reliant une extrémité de chaque partie longitudinale au parement ou à la paroi dans un plan sensiblement horizontal, on dispose un élément comprenant une pluralité de parties transverses en continuité de matière, de manière à délimiter l'écartement angulaire α + β.According to another embodiment of this method, there are two longitudinal parts connecting one end of each longitudinal portion to the facing or the wall in a substantially horizontal plane, there is an element comprising a plurality of transverse parts in continuity of material, so as to delimit the angular spacing α + β.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de ce procédé, on dispose deux parties longitudinales en reliant une extrémité de chaque partie longitudinale au parement ou à la paroi dans un plan sensiblement horizontal, l'une ou les deux partie(s) longitudinale(s) étant reliée(s) en continuité de matière avec une partie transverse, on déplace en rotation la partie transverse par rapport à ladite partie longitudinale de manière à délimiter l'écartement angulaire α + β.According to another embodiment of this method, two longitudinal parts are arranged by connecting one end of each longitudinal part to the facing or to the wall in a substantially horizontal plane, the one or both longitudinal part (s) being connected (s) in continuity of material with a transverse portion, the transverse portion is rotated relative to said longitudinal portion so as to define the angular spacing α + β.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:
- les figures de 1 à 5 et 7 sont des vues schématiques de différents modes de réalisation d'un renfort selon l'invention ;
- la
figure 8 est une vue schématique en coupe latérale d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé selon l'invention, en cours de réalisation.
- Figures 1 to 5 and 7 are schematic views of different embodiments of a reinforcement according to the invention;
- the
figure 8 is a schematic side sectional view of a reinforced soil structure according to the invention, in progress.
Pour des raisons de clarté, les différents éléments représentés sur les figures ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle. Sur ces figures, des références identiques correspondent à des éléments identiques.For the sake of clarity, the different elements shown in the figures are not necessarily to scale. In these figures, identical references correspond to identical elements.
La
Le renfort 1 est relié à une pièce d'ancrage d'un élément de parement par l'intermédiaire d'un crochet 3.The
Le renfort représenté s'étend en général sensiblement horizontalement et repose sur du matériau de remblai.The reinforcement shown generally extends substantially horizontally and rests on backfill material.
Le renfort 1 comprend deux parties longitudinales 11, reliées en continuité de matière par un coude 12 pour former une pièce 10 ayant sensiblement la forme d'un V, et une pluralité de parties transverses 15. De manière non limitative, trois parties transverses sont représentées. Les parties transverses sont de longueur régulièrement croissante, d1, d2, d3. Chacune de leurs extrémités est pourvue d'un crochet 16 dont l'extrémité est dirigée vers l'intérieur des parties transversesThe
Les deux parties longitudinales sont écartées angulairement d'un angle α + β non nul, en l'espèce de l'ordre de 20° à 30°. Dans la configuration représentée, les angles α et β sont sensiblement égaux, où les angles α et β mesurent chacun l'écart angulaire entre un axe orthogonal à la ligne 2 des lieux d'attache au parement et la partie longitudinale 11 située à droite de la figure et respectivement la partie longitudinale 11 située à gauche de la figure.The two longitudinal parts are spaced angularly from a non-zero angle α + β, in this case of the order of 20 ° to 30 °. In the configuration shown, the angles α and β are substantially equal, where the angles α and β each measure the angular difference between an axis orthogonal to the
La pièce 10 peut par exemple être formée sur un chantier en cintrant une tige de longueur 2 L en son milieu pour obtenir les deux parties longitudinales 11 de longueur L, écartées d'un angle α + β.The
Les parties transverses 15 peuvent par exemple être formées sur un chantier en cintrant vers l'intérieur les extrémités d'une tige afin de former les crochets 16.The
Les parties transverses 15 sont disposées de manière à ce que les crochets 16 de chaque extrémité de chaque partie transverse enserrent une partie longitudinale 11 de la pièce 10 et forment ainsi des butées angulaires permettant de limiter l'écartement angulaire des deux parties longitudinales 11.The
Un tel renfort 1 peut être obtenu en posant d'abord sur un remblai la pièce 10, puis en glissant les parties transverses 15 dans le sens allant du coude 12 vers les extrémités opposées des parties longitudinales 11 jusqu'à ce que les crochets 16 soient en butée sur lesdites parties longitudinales 11.Such a
Les trois parties transverses 15 sont alors distantes entre elles d'une valeur E et empêchent les parties longitudinales 11 de s'écarter respectivement de plus de d1, d2, d3 aux points de contact.The three
On peut par exemple ensuite disposer un crochet 3 dans le coude 12 de la pièce 10 et l'accrocher à une pièce d'ancrage sur la ligne 2.For example, a
De manière facultative, il est possible d'empêcher le rapprochement des parties longitudinales 11 en disposant des clous 13 dans le remblai au contact des parties longitudinales 11, du côté intérieur du V de la pièce 10.Optionally, it is possible to prevent the approximation of the
La
Les crochets 22 sont disposés dans un anneau 27 qui est relié à une plaque d'ancrage 28. Cette plaque peut être solidaire d'un élément de parement ou peut lui être rattachée. Les deux parties longitudinales 21 sont écartées d'un angle α + β et leur écartement angulaire est limité par des parties transverses 15 du type de celles décrites précédemment.The
De manière facultative, les extrémités des parties longitudinales 21, opposées à celles où sont disposés les crochets 22, sont reliées entre elles. Elles peuvent par exemple être reliées entre elles par des parties 24 les prolongeant. Ces parties 24 sont sensiblement parallèles aux parties transverses 15 et reliées en continuité de matière par un coude 23 aux parties longitudinales 21. Les parties 24 peuvent par exemple être reliées entre elles grâce à des extrémités filetées 25 maintenues par une pièce à filetage inversé 26.Optionally, the ends of the
Une variante du mode de réalisation de la
Les têtes 32 sont disposées dans un des trous d'une plaque d'ancrage 28 du type précédemment décrit. Les deux plaques d'ancrage sont espacées et les têtes 32 des pièces 30 sont ainsi reliées au parement en des points distants. Il est ainsi possible de réaliser un renfort de stabilisation plus large que ceux précédemment décrits.The
La
La partie longitudinale 45 de la pièce 44 est droite.The
La partie longitudinale 41 de la pièce 40 comprend des logements 43.The
Cette partie longitudinale peut être réalisée à partir d'une même tige par cintrage pour former les logements 43 et le crochet 42. Il est également possible d'obtenir une pièce de ce type à partir d'une tige droite à laquelle on rapporte, par exemple par vissage, soudage ou tout autre moyen adapté, des logements.This longitudinal portion can be made from the same rod by bending to form the
Les parties transverses 46 comprennent à chacune de leur extrémité des têtes 47, 48, par exemple obtenues par pliage à 90° d'une tige, ou en rapportant une extrémité 47, 48 formant tête par tout autre moyen connu de l'homme de métier. Une des têtes, 47, de chacune des parties transverses 46 est disposée dans un logement 43 de la partie longitudinale 41.The
Les têtes 47 et les logements 43 sont, dans l'exemple représenté, réalisés de manière à ce que les têtes 47 ne puissent se déplacer qu'en rotation par rapport à leur axe dans les logements 43.The
Le renfort 1 représenté en
La
La pièce 55 comprend à ces extrémités des crochets 58, 59. Une telle pièce 55 peut être réalisée par cintrage d'une tige.The
Le renfort 1 représenté en
Il est possible de dessiner la pièce 55 de manière à ce que la partie interne des coudes 57 soit en contact avec les parties longitudinales 11 quand les crochets 58, 59 contactent lesdites parties longitudinales. Dans cette configuration, les coudes 57 constituent également des butées angulaires permettant de limiter l'écartement angulaire des deux parties longitudinales.It is possible to draw the
La
Un crochet 67, 68 est disposé à l'autre extrémité de chaque partie transverse 65, 66. Un tel renfort peut être obtenu par cintrage d'une unique tige.A
Les parties transverses 65, 66 peuvent être déplacées, par exemple par rotation autour de l'axe des coudes 63, 64, en déformant légèrement ces coudes, de manière à mettre en contact les crochets 67, 68 avec les parties longitudinales 61 et former ainsi des butées angulaires permettant de limiter l'écartement angulaire des deux parties longitudinales.The
La
Ce renfort comprend deux parties longitudinales 71, 73 reliées en continuité de matière par un coude 72 et une pluralité de parties transverses 75, 77. La partie transverse 75 est reliée en continuité de matière à la partie longitudinale 73 par un coude 74. Les autres parties transverses 77 sont reliées en continuité de matière entre elles par des coudes 76, et une d'entre elles est reliée en continuité de matière par un coude 76 à la partie transverse 75. Un crochet 78 est disposé à l'extrémité de la partie transverse 77 la plus éloignée de la partie transverse 75.This reinforcement comprises two
Le crochet 78 forme une butée angulaire permettant de limiter l'écartement angulaire des deux parties longitudinales 71, 73 de même que les coudes 76 qui sont dessinés de manière à ce que leur partie interne vienne en contact avec les parties longitudinales 71, 73 quand le crochet 78 est en contact avec la partie longitudinale 73.The
On note que pour l'ensemble des modes de réalisation représentés, le débattement des parties transverses 15, 46, 56, 75, 77, s'effectue à l'intérieur d'un périmètre défini par les deux parties longitudinales 11, 21, 31, 41, 44, 71, 73, leur point d'intersection ou la ligne rejoignant les deux extrémités les plus rapprochées des deux parties longitudinales et la ligne rejoignant les deux autres extrémités les plus éloignées des deux parties longitudinales.It is noted that for all the embodiments shown, the displacement of the
Sur les exemples représentés en
Sur l'exemple représenté en
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de construction d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé.The invention also relates to a method of constructing a structure in reinforced soil.
La
Pour assurer la cohésion du mur de soutènement, les renforts de stabilisation 1 peuvent êtres connectés aux éléments de parement 85, et s'étendre sur une certaine distance au sein du remblai 81. Ces renforts de stabilisation 1 contribuent à renforcer le sol situé dans une zone renforcée Z au dos du parement 84.To ensure the cohesion of the retaining wall, the stabilizing
Dans cette zone renforcée Z, le matériau du remblai 81 présente une grande résistance du fait qu'il est renforcé par les renforts de stabilisation 1. Il est ainsi en mesure de soutenir les contraintes de cisaillement qui s'exercent du fait des efforts de traction subis par les renforts de stabilisation 1. Cette zone renforcée Z doit naturellement avoir une épaisseur suffisante pour bien tenir le parement 84.In this reinforced zone Z, the material of the
La simple connexion de renforts de stabilisation au dos des éléments de parement 85 permet ainsi de maintenir le parement appliqué contre des remblais pouvant être de grand volume.The simple connection of stabilizing reinforcements on the back of the facing
Les renforts de stabilisation sont en général reliés par des moyens de liaison, notamment des crochets ou des anneaux, au dos des éléments de parement 85.The stabilizing reinforcements are generally connected by connecting means, in particular hooks or rings, to the back of the facing
Dans l'exemple de configuration d'ouvrage illustré par la
Pour édifier l'ouvrage présenté sur la
- a) mettre en place une partie des éléments de parement 85 afin d'être en mesure d'apporter ensuite du matériau de remblai sur une certaine hauteur. De façon connue, le montage et le positionnement des éléments de parement peuvent être facilités par des organes d'assemblage placés entre eux ;
- b) installer les renforts de
stabilisation 1 sur le remblai déjà présent ; - c) apporter du matériau de remblai par-dessus la couche de renforts de
stabilisation 1 qui vient d'être installée, jusqu'au prochain niveau de renforts destabilisation 1 sur le côté arrière des éléments de parement 84. Ce matériau de remblai est compacté au fur et à mesure de son apport; - d) répéter les étapes a) à c) jusqu'à atteindre le niveau supérieur du remblai.
- a) set up part of the facing
elements 85 so as to be able to then bring backfill material to a certain height. In known manner, the mounting and positioning of the facing elements can be facilitated by connecting members placed between them; - b) install stabilizing
reinforcements 1 on the embankment already present; - (c) provide backfill material over the newly installed
stabilization reinforcement layer 1 to the next level of stabilizingreinforcements 1 on the rear side of 84. This backfill material is compacted as and when it is added; - d) Repeat steps a) to c) until the top level of the embankment is reached.
Selon une variante dudit procédé de construction d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé, on rattache les renforts de stabilisation 1 à la paroi 83.According to a variant of said method of constructing a structure in reinforced soil, the stabilizing
Il est possible de rattacher les renforts de stabilisation à la fois au parement 84 et à la paroi 83. Le rattachement à la paroi peut se faire par cloutage d'un élément d'ancrage dans la paroi 83 auquel par exemple est lié un anneau. On dispose ensuite par exemple un crochet qui permet de relier ledit anneau et un renfort de stabilisation.It is possible to attach the stabilizing reinforcements to both the facing 84 and the
A titre d'exemple, on peut rattacher à la paroi un renfort du type du renfort représenté en
Il est également possible d'utiliser les renforts selon l'invention et de ne les rattacher qu'à une paroi. Dans ce cas de figure, il faut comprendre que la partie la plus étroite des renforts de stabilisation est dirigée vers la paroi 83 à laquelle elle est reliée. La ligne 2 matérialise dans ce cas la ligne des lieux d'ancrage à la paroi. Par exemple, les plaques 28 peuvent être reliées à la paroi par cloutage.It is also possible to use the reinforcements according to the invention and to attach them to a wall only. In this case, it should be understood that the narrowest part of the stabilizing reinforcements is directed towards the
Il est encore possible de faire alterner le rattachement des renforts selon l'invention, une couche de renfort étant rattachée à la paroi et la couche de renfort située au-dessus et/ou dessous étant rattachée à un parement. De préférence les projections sur un plan horizontal des renforts rattachés à la paroi et de ceux rattachés au parement présentent une zone de chevauchement.It is still possible to alternate the attachment reinforcements according to the invention, a reinforcing layer being attached to the wall and the reinforcing layer located above and / or below being attached to a facing. Preferably the projections on a horizontal plane of the reinforcements attached to the wall and those attached to the facing have an overlapping zone.
Il est à noter que de très nombreuses variantes peuvent être apportées à la structure précédemment décrite et à son procédé de réalisation, dans les limites fixées par les revendications.It should be noted that many variations can be made to the previously described structure and its method of production, within the limits set by the claims.
Claims (15)
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) intended for use in reinforced soil structures, comprising two longitudinal parts (11, 21, 31, 41, 44, 61, 71, 73) forming a non-zero angle α + β with respect to each other, the reinforcement further comprising transverse parts (15, 46, 56, 65, 66, 75, 77) movable relative to at least one longitudinal part (11, 21, 31, 41, 45, 61, 71, 73) which connect the two longitudinal parts to each other and comprise angular limit pieces (16, 48, 57, 58, 59, 67, 68, 76, 78) for limiting the angular separation of said two longitudinal parts, the range of movement of the transverse parts (15, 46, 56, 65, 66, 75, 77) occurring within a perimeter defined by the two longitudinal parts (11, 21, 31, 41, 44, 61, 71, 73), their point of intersection or the line joining the two nearest ends of the two longitudinal parts and the line joining the other two, most separated, ends of the two longitudinal parts, the reinforcement being characterized in that if forms a ladder-type of reinforcement.
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the longitudinal parts (11, 21, 31, 41, 44, 61, 71, 73) are made of metal, in particular galvanised steel, for example formed from cylindrical rods, and/or the transverse parts (15, 46, 56, 65, 66, 75, 77) are made of metal, in particular galvanised steel, for example formed from cylindrical rods.
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two longitudinal parts (11, 61, 71, 73) are integrally connected to each other to form a substantially V-shaped piece (10, 60, 70).
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that two longitudinal parts (21, 31, 41, 45) are independent and articulated in order to form a non-zero angle α + β with respect to each other.
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that ends (23) of the two longitudinal parts (21) are rigidly connected to each other.
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the angular limit pieces on the transverse parts (15, 41, 45, 55, 65, 66, 77) are hooks (16, 58, 59, 67, 68, 78) or heads (47, 48) located at each end of said transverse parts (15, 41, 45, 55, 65, 66, 77).
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a plurality of transverse parts (15, 46, 56, 75, 77) of regularly increasing length and capable of determining a plurality of maximum separation distances (d1, d2, d3) between two longitudinal parts (11, 21, 31).
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one end (47) of at least one transverse part (46) is held rotatably movable in a housing (43) in a longitudinal part (41).
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one end of a longitudinal part (61, 71, 73) is integrally connected to a transverse part (65, 66, 75) by intermediate portions (63, 64, 74), for example substantially elbow-shaped, V-shaped or U-shaped.
- Stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the angle α + β is between 10° and 120°, preferably greater than or equal to 20° and/or less than or equal to 90°, or substantially equal to 30°.
- Reinforced soil structure comprising a facing (84) extending along a front surface of the structure and/or a wall (83) delimiting a fill (81), wherein said fill is stabilised by at least one stabilising reinforcement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
- Construction method for a reinforced soil structure, wherein that a facing (84) is arranged at a distance from a wall (83) along a front surface of the structure to delimit a volume to be filled, reinforcements (1) are arranged in a zone of said volume, fill material (81) is brought into said volume and the fill material (81) is compacted, characterised in that said reinforcements (1) are at least partly constituted of stabilising reinforcements (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
- Construction method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that two longitudinal parts (11, 21, 31, 41, 45) are arranged by connecting an end of each longitudinal part to the facing (24) or to the wall (83) in a substantially horizontal plane, a plurality of elements comprising a transverse part (15, 46) are arranged and said transverse parts are moved relative to the longitudinal parts, for example in translation and/or rotation, so as to delimit the angular separation α + β.
- Construction method according to claim 12, characterised in that two longitudinal parts (11) are arranged by connecting an end of each longitudinal part to the facing (24) or to the wall (83) in a substantially horizontal plane, an element (55) comprising a plurality of integrally connected transverse parts (56) is arranged, in order to delimit the angular separation α + β.
- Construction method according to claim 12, characterised in that two longitudinal parts (61, 71, 73) are arranged by connecting an end of each longitudinal part to the facing (24) or to the wall (83) in a substantially horizontal plane, one or both of the two longitudinal part(s) (61, 73) being integrally connected to a transverse part (65, 66, 75), the transverse part (65, 66, 75) is moved in rotation relative to said longitudinal part (61, 73) so as to delimit the angular separation α + β.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL09742240T PL2283185T3 (en) | 2008-04-08 | 2009-04-03 | Stabilizing reinforcement for use in reinforced soil works |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0852340A FR2929628B1 (en) | 2008-04-08 | 2008-04-08 | STABILIZATION REINFORCEMENT FOR USE IN REINFORCED GROUND WORKS |
| PCT/FR2009/050573 WO2009136042A1 (en) | 2008-04-08 | 2009-04-03 | Stabilizing reinforcement for use in reinforced soil works |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2283185A1 EP2283185A1 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
| EP2283185B1 EP2283185B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
| EP2283185B9 true EP2283185B9 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
Family
ID=39870467
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09742240.6A Not-in-force EP2283185B9 (en) | 2008-04-08 | 2009-04-03 | Stabilizing reinforcement for use in reinforced soil works |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110058904A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2283185B9 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5337864B2 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR073161A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE549462T1 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2009000847A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2383953T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2929628B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2283185T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009136042A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011161493A1 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Terre Armee Internationale | Reinforced soil structure |
| FR3088349B1 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2021-01-15 | Terre Armee Int | DEVICE FOR THE CONTAINMENT OF GRANULAR ELEMENTS |
| CN115262622B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-10-27 | 新疆建筑科学研究院(有限责任公司) | Reinforced retaining wall structure |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1762343A (en) * | 1925-12-14 | 1930-06-10 | Munster Andreas | Retaining wall |
| US1739108A (en) * | 1928-03-13 | 1929-12-10 | Shore Line Builders Inc | Bulkhead-wall construction |
| FR2233857A5 (en) * | 1973-06-14 | 1975-01-10 | Maymont Paul | Temporary retaining or stabilising wall - has front panels anchored by a chain link mesh embedded in the soil |
| GB8602783D0 (en) * | 1986-02-05 | 1986-03-12 | Vidal H | Stabilised earth structures |
| GB8727420D0 (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1987-12-23 | Vidal H | Earth structures |
| CH676015A5 (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1990-11-30 | Hermann Claus | |
| US5624211A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1997-04-29 | Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri C. Vidal | Modular block retaining wall construction and components |
| US5507599A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-04-16 | Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri C. Vidal | Modular block retaining wall construction and components |
| US6079908A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 2000-06-27 | Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri Vidal | Stabilizing elements for mechanically stabilized earthen structure and mechanically stabilized earthen structure |
| US5807030A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1998-09-15 | The Reinforced Earth Company | Stabilizing elements for mechanically stabilized earthen structure |
| GB9313095D0 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1993-08-11 | Vidal Henri Brevets | Earth structures |
| SG52467A1 (en) * | 1993-08-30 | 1998-09-28 | Reinforced Earth Co | Earthen work with wire mesh facing |
| US5669737A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1997-09-23 | Equilbec; Michel | Wall retention system |
| US20020031406A1 (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 2002-03-14 | Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri Vidal | Earth structures |
| EP1015701A4 (en) * | 1997-04-28 | 2003-01-08 | Ecoflex Au Pty Ltd | Retaining wall system |
| ES2215437B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2005-12-16 | Joseph Golcheh | PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSTITUTION OF A SUSTAINING WALL FROM A REINFORCED STAMP OR STACKING AND REINFORCEMENT ELEMENT OF SUCH MACIZO. |
| US6517293B2 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2003-02-11 | Thomas P. Taylor | Anchor grid connection element |
| US6854236B2 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2005-02-15 | Allan Block Corporation | Reinforcing system for stackable retaining wall units |
| FR2860811A1 (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2005-04-15 | Freyssinet Int Stup | REINFORCED GROUND WORK AND METHOD FOR ITS CONSTRUCTION |
| US6857823B1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-02-22 | William K. Hilfiker | Earthen retaining wall having flat soil reinforcing mats which may be variably spaced |
| KR100660356B1 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-12-21 | 이정수 | reinforcing strip for supporting reinforced earth wall and its placement method |
| KR100865465B1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-10-28 | 신혜승 | Block retaining wall construction system using extrusion strip reinforcement |
| US20090126372A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-21 | Solomon Aladja Faka | Intermittent De-Icing During Continuous Regasification of a Cryogenic Fluid Using Ambient Air |
| US7722296B1 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-05-25 | T&B Structual Systems, Llc | Retaining wall soil reinforcing connector and method |
-
2008
- 2008-04-08 FR FR0852340A patent/FR2929628B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-04-03 PL PL09742240T patent/PL2283185T3/en unknown
- 2009-04-03 EP EP09742240.6A patent/EP2283185B9/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-04-03 WO PCT/FR2009/050573 patent/WO2009136042A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-04-03 US US12/936,882 patent/US20110058904A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-04-03 AT AT09742240T patent/ATE549462T1/en active
- 2009-04-03 JP JP2011503473A patent/JP5337864B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-04-03 ES ES09742240T patent/ES2383953T3/en active Active
- 2009-04-07 AR ARP090101234A patent/AR073161A1/en unknown
- 2009-04-08 CL CL2009000847A patent/CL2009000847A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009136042A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
| FR2929628A1 (en) | 2009-10-09 |
| FR2929628B1 (en) | 2012-11-23 |
| CL2009000847A1 (en) | 2010-06-11 |
| US20110058904A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
| EP2283185A1 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
| PL2283185T3 (en) | 2012-08-31 |
| JP2011516765A (en) | 2011-05-26 |
| JP5337864B2 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
| EP2283185B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
| ES2383953T3 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
| ATE549462T1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
| AR073161A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
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