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EP2118601B1 - Method and apparatus for the production of gas from air in highly flexible gaseous and liquid form by cryogenic distillation - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the production of gas from air in highly flexible gaseous and liquid form by cryogenic distillation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2118601B1
EP2118601B1 EP08775715.9A EP08775715A EP2118601B1 EP 2118601 B1 EP2118601 B1 EP 2118601B1 EP 08775715 A EP08775715 A EP 08775715A EP 2118601 B1 EP2118601 B1 EP 2118601B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
booster
air
pressure
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08775715.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2118601A2 (en
Inventor
Alain Guillard
Patrick Lebot
Xavier Pontone
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of EP2118601A2 publication Critical patent/EP2118601A2/en
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Publication of EP2118601B1 publication Critical patent/EP2118601B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04139—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel

Definitions

  • the staggered vaporization stage processes for delivering products under pressure are particularly interesting since they allow the combination of these functions from a single air compressor, high pressure.
  • the energy efficiency of the whole is comparable to the traditional process and the investment is greatly diminished.
  • FR-A-2688052 allows the production of only a small amount of liquid product.
  • US Patent 6257020 describes a cooling and heating unit where an auxiliary turbine is connected to an air passage to be heated, this turbine having a suction temperature higher than the suction temperature of another turbine.
  • the object of this invention is to be able to combine the economic benefits of integrated processes, while retaining the flexibility and flexibility offered by traditional methods.
  • a flow cooling and reheating unit for and from an air separation column system according to claim 1.
  • the unit is incorporated in a known distillation system (thermally connected medium pressure and low pressure columns, optionally an intermediate pressure column and / or a mixing column and / or an argon mixture column, etc.) and sets in play at least two relaxation turbines.
  • a known distillation system thermally connected medium pressure and low pressure columns, optionally an intermediate pressure column and / or a mixing column and / or an argon mixture column, etc.
  • Two flow rates are at substantially equal pressure if their pressures differ only in the pressure drops.
  • the production of liquid product, all final products combined constitutes 1%, or 2% or 5% of the air flow rate sent to the columns (or to the column if only the medium pressure column is supplied with air).
  • a compressed air flow 1 from a main compressor is supercharged in a booster 3 at a high pressure at least 5 bar abs above the pressure of the medium pressure column, this high pressure being called the main pressure.
  • This main pressure may for example be between 10 and 25 bar abs.
  • the flow 5 is then purified with water and carbon dioxide (not shown).
  • the total flow of supercharged and purified air is sent to an exchange line 7 where it cools to a temperature T1. At this temperature, the flow 5 is divided in two to form a flow 9 which liquefies and is sent to the column system and a flow 11.
  • the flow 11 leaves the exchange line 7 at the temperature T1 different from at most ⁇ 5 ° C of the vaporization temperature of the pressurized oxygen 33 and is sent to a cold booster 13 to produce a flow 15 at a pressure substantially greater than the average pressure and possibly greater than the main pressure.
  • the flow rate 15 at a cold booster outlet temperature T2 cools in the exchange line 7 to a temperature T3 higher than T1.
  • T3 the temperature of the flow 15 is divided into two flow rates 17, 19.
  • the flow 17 is expanded in a turbine 21 from the temperature T3 close to the pseudo vaporization temperature of the pressurized oxygen 33.
  • the suction pressure of the turbine 21 is equal to the discharge pressure of the booster 13 thus very substantially greater than the average pressure (greater than 5 bars) and possibly greater than the main pressure and the discharge pressure is higher or equal to the average pressure, preferably substantially equal to the average pressure.
  • the flow rate expanded to a pressure greater than or equal to the average pressure, preferably substantially equal to the average pressure, is sent to the column system as the flow rate 25.
  • the flow 19 continues cooling in the exchange line and is sent in the form gaseous to the column system.
  • the cold booster 13 is driven by the turbine 21.
  • a residual nitrogen flow is heated in the exchange line.
  • a liquid column system other than liquid oxygen, is pressurized, vaporized in the exchange line 7 and then serves as a product under pressure.
  • a fraction of air 25 is taken from the purified air 5 at the main pressure and is cooled in the exchange line 7.
  • the fraction 25 is sent to a turbine 27 where it expands to a temperature T5 forming an air flow 29. This air flow is heated in the exchange line.
  • a liquid product is withdrawn from the column system as final product 32.
  • the only product of the apparatus is liquid oxygen but other products can obviously be produced in liquid form.
  • the air flow 25 treated in the auxiliary turbine 27 is reduced to zero if necessary, the main incoming air flow 1 is reduced by a flow rate at least equal to the reduction of the air flow sent. to the auxiliary turbine 27 and the production of liquid 37 is reduced to zero if necessary.
  • This variation of the air flow 1 between the two modes of operation is provided by the variable vanes of a compressor and / or by the start and / or stop of an auxiliary air compressor.
  • These two modes of operation may be the only modes of operation of the apparatus or there may be other modes of operation.
  • booster 3B There may be a compression step (booster 3B) between the hot booster which brings the air to the main pressure and the cold booster, so that the cold booster is from a pressure above the booster. pressure, as illustrated in the Figure 2 .
  • the turbine 21 is driven by the booster 13 and the booster 3 drives the auxiliary turbine 27.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

Les procédés traditionnels de production de gaz de l'air sous forme liquide ou gazeuse présentaient des architectures de procédés distinctes. Ainsi on trouvait :

  • un appareil de séparation de l'air produisant les constituants principaux (02, N2, Ar), à pression atmosphérique ou légèrement supérieure ;
  • une étape de compression des produits au moyen de compresseurs ;
  • un cycle indépendant de liquéfaction d'azote permettant de produire tout ou partie de chacun des constituants sous forme liquide si nécessaire.
Traditional processes for producing air gases in liquid or gaseous form had distinct process architectures. Thus we found:
  • an air separation apparatus producing the main constituents (0 2 , N 2 , Ar) at atmospheric pressure or slightly higher;
  • a step of compressing the products by means of compressors;
  • an independent nitrogen liquefaction cycle making it possible to produce all or part of each of the constituents in liquid form if necessary.

Cette configuration permettait une grande souplesse d'utilisation car chacune des trois « fonctions » mises en oeuvre (séparation, compression, liquéfaction) pouvait être opérée ou stoppée de façon indépendante sans affecter le fonctionnement des deux autres.This configuration allowed a great flexibility of use because each of the three "functions" implemented (separation, compression, liquefaction) could be operated or stopped independently without affecting the operation of the other two.

Néanmoins, cette configuration souffre d'un manque de compétitivité important, compte tenu du coût très élevé de cette architecture, qui réclame un appareil par fonction.Nevertheless, this configuration suffers from a significant lack of competitiveness, given the very high cost of this architecture, which requires a device by function.

Les procédés plus récents de production de gaz de l'air, que nous appelons procédés intégrés, présentent l'avantage de pouvoir combiner dans un seul équipement ces trois fonctions. Les appareils dits « à pompe », incluant des cycles de détente d'air ou éventuellement d'azote, permettent de produire à partir du même équipement les constituants de l'air sous forme gazeuse sous pression et liquide.The more recent processes for producing air gases, which we call integrated processes, have the advantage of being able to combine these three functions in a single equipment. The so-called "pump" devices, including cycles of expansion of air or possibly nitrogen, make it possible to produce from the same equipment the constituents of the air in gaseous form under pressure and liquid.

Parmi ceux-ci, les procédé à paliers de vaporisation décalés pour délivrer des produits sous pression, tels que décrits dans le brevet EP-A-0504029 ou encore FR-A-2688052 , sont particulièrement intéressants puisqu'ils permettent la combinaison de ces fonctions à partir d'un unique compresseur d'air, à haute pression. L'efficacité énergétique de l'ensemble est comparable au procédé traditionnel et l'investissement est grandement diminué.Among these, the staggered vaporization stage processes for delivering products under pressure, as described in the patent EP-A-0504029 or FR-A-2688052 , are particularly interesting since they allow the combination of these functions from a single air compressor, high pressure. The energy efficiency of the whole is comparable to the traditional process and the investment is greatly diminished.

Par contre la souplesse de production est affectée par la combinaison « 3 en 1 » des fonctions, et on pourra plus difficilement opérer ou arrêter une fonction sans affecter l'ensemble.On the other hand, the flexibility of production is affected by the combination "3 in 1" functions, and it will be more difficult to operate or stop a function without affecting the whole.

FR-A-2688052 permet la production de seulement une petite quantité de produit liquide. FR-A-2688052 allows the production of only a small amount of liquid product.

US-A-6257020 décrit une unité de refroidissement et de réchauffage où une turbine auxiliaire est reliée à un passage d'air à réchauffer, cette turbine ayant une température d'aspiration supérieure à la température d'aspiration d'une autre turbine. US Patent 6257020 describes a cooling and heating unit where an auxiliary turbine is connected to an air passage to be heated, this turbine having a suction temperature higher than the suction temperature of another turbine.

Le but de cette invention est de pouvoir combiner les avantages économiques des procédés intégrés, tout en conservant la souplesse et la flexibilité offerte par les procédés traditionnels.The object of this invention is to be able to combine the economic benefits of integrated processes, while retaining the flexibility and flexibility offered by traditional methods.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, il est prévu une unité de refroidissement et de réchauffage de débits destinés à et provenant d'un système de colonnes de séparation d'air selon la revendication 1.According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a flow cooling and reheating unit for and from an air separation column system according to claim 1.

L'unité peut être disposée de sorte qu'en opération, une des conditions suivantes est remplie :

  • la température d'aspiration du surpresseur est inférieure à la température d'aspiration de la première turbine,
  • la température de refoulement du surpresseur est supérieure à la température d'aspiration de la première turbine,
  • la température de refoulement du surpresseur est supérieure à la température de refoulement de la turbine auxiliaire.
The unit may be arranged so that in operation one of the following conditions is met:
  • the suction temperature of the booster is lower than the suction temperature of the first turbine,
  • the discharge temperature of the booster is greater than the suction temperature of the first turbine,
  • the discharge temperature of the booster is greater than the discharge temperature of the auxiliary turbine.

On se propose ici d'améliorer la flexibilité de production des procédés de type mono-machines tels que décrits précédemment :

  • en offrant la possibilité de produire de façon efficace des liquides avec des procédés tels que décrits dans FR-A-2688052 ;
  • et en offrant la possibilité de faire l'un ou l'autre de façon réversible, et énergétiquement efficace dans les deux cas.
It is proposed here to improve the production flexibility of single-machine type processes as described above:
  • by providing the ability to efficiently produce liquids with processes as described in FR-A-2688052 ;
  • and offering the possibility of doing one or the other reversibly, and energetically effective in both cases.

L'unité est à incorporée dans un système de distillation connu (colonnes moyenne pression et basse pression thermiquement reliées, éventuellement une colonne à pression intermédiaire et/ou une colonne de mélange et/ou une colonne de mixture argon, etc..) et met en jeu au moins deux turbines de détente.The unit is incorporated in a known distillation system (thermally connected medium pressure and low pressure columns, optionally an intermediate pressure column and / or a mixing column and / or an argon mixture column, etc.) and sets in play at least two relaxation turbines.

Deux débits sont à pression substantiellement égale si leurs pressions ne différent que par les pertes de charge.Two flow rates are at substantially equal pressure if their pressures differ only in the pressure drops.

En premier mode de fonctionnement, la production de produit liquide, tous produits finaux confondus, constitue 1%, ou 2% ou 5% du débit d'air envoyé aux colonnes (ou à la colonne si seule la colonne moyenne pression est alimentée en air).In first mode of operation, the production of liquid product, all final products combined, constitutes 1%, or 2% or 5% of the air flow rate sent to the columns (or to the column if only the medium pressure column is supplied with air).

L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en se référant aux figures, qui montrent des unités de refroidissement et de réchauffage selon l'invention à incorporer dans des installations de séparation d'air.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures, which show cooling and heating units according to the invention to be incorporated into air separation plants.

Dans la Figure 1, un débit d'air comprimé 1 provenant d'un compresseur principal est surpressé dans un surpresseur 3 à une haute pression au moins 5 bar abs au-dessus de la pression de la colonne moyenne pression, cette haute pression étant appelée pression principale. Cette pression principale peut par exemple être entre 10 et 25 bars abs. A cette pression principale le débit 5 est ensuite épuré en eau et dioxyde de carbone (non-illustré). Le débit total d'air surpressé et épuré 5 est envoyé à une ligne d'échange 7 où il se refroidit jusqu'à une température T1. A cette température, le débit 5 est divisé en deux pour former un débit 9 qui se liquéfie et est envoyé au système de colonnes et un débit 11. Le débit 11 quitte la ligne d'échange 7 à la température T1 différent d'au plus ±5°C de la température de vaporisation de l'oxygène pressurisé 33 et est envoyé à un surpresseur froid 13 pour produire un débit 15 à une pression très sensiblement supérieure à la moyenne pression et éventuellement supérieure à la pression principale. Le débit 15 à une température T2 de sortie de surpresseur froid se refroidit dans la ligne d'échange 7 jusqu'à une température T3 plus élevée que T1. A cette température T3, le débit 15 est divisé en deux débits 17, 19. Le débit 17 est détendu dans une turbine 21 à partir de la température T3 proche de la température de pseudo vaporisation de l'oxygène pressurisé 33.In the Figure 1 , a compressed air flow 1 from a main compressor is supercharged in a booster 3 at a high pressure at least 5 bar abs above the pressure of the medium pressure column, this high pressure being called the main pressure. This main pressure may for example be between 10 and 25 bar abs. At this main pressure the flow 5 is then purified with water and carbon dioxide (not shown). The total flow of supercharged and purified air is sent to an exchange line 7 where it cools to a temperature T1. At this temperature, the flow 5 is divided in two to form a flow 9 which liquefies and is sent to the column system and a flow 11. The flow 11 leaves the exchange line 7 at the temperature T1 different from at most ± 5 ° C of the vaporization temperature of the pressurized oxygen 33 and is sent to a cold booster 13 to produce a flow 15 at a pressure substantially greater than the average pressure and possibly greater than the main pressure. The flow rate 15 at a cold booster outlet temperature T2 cools in the exchange line 7 to a temperature T3 higher than T1. At this temperature T3, the flow 15 is divided into two flow rates 17, 19. The flow 17 is expanded in a turbine 21 from the temperature T3 close to the pseudo vaporization temperature of the pressurized oxygen 33.

La pression d'aspiration de la turbine 21 est égale à la pression de refoulement du surpresseur 13 donc très sensiblement supérieure à la moyenne pression (supérieure d'au moins 5 bars) et éventuellement supérieure à la pression principale et la pression de refoulement est supérieure ou égale à la moyenne pression, préférablement sensiblement égale à la moyenne pression. Le débit détendu jusqu'à une pression supérieure ou égale à la moyenne pression, préférablement sensiblement égale à la moyenne pression est envoyé au système de colonne comme débit 25. Le débit 19 poursuit son refroidissement dans la ligne d'échange et est envoyé sous forme gazeuse au système de colonnes.The suction pressure of the turbine 21 is equal to the discharge pressure of the booster 13 thus very substantially greater than the average pressure (greater than 5 bars) and possibly greater than the main pressure and the discharge pressure is higher or equal to the average pressure, preferably substantially equal to the average pressure. The flow rate expanded to a pressure greater than or equal to the average pressure, preferably substantially equal to the average pressure, is sent to the column system as the flow rate 25. The flow 19 continues cooling in the exchange line and is sent in the form gaseous to the column system.

Le surpresseur froid 13 est entraîné par la turbine 21.The cold booster 13 is driven by the turbine 21.

Un débit d'azote résiduaire se réchauffe dans la ligne d'échange.A residual nitrogen flow is heated in the exchange line.

Un débit d'oxygène liquide 35 pressurisé dans une pompe 33 se vaporise dans la ligne d'échange 7.A flow of liquid oxygen 35 pressurized in a pump 33 vaporizes in the exchange line 7.

Optionnellement un liquide du système de colonnes, autre que l'oxygène liquide, est pressurisé, vaporisé dans la ligne d'échange 7 et sert ensuite de produit sous pression.Optionally a liquid column system, other than liquid oxygen, is pressurized, vaporized in the exchange line 7 and then serves as a product under pressure.

Selon un premier mode de fonctionnement, une fraction d'air 25 est prélevé dans l'air épuré 5 à la pression principale et est refroidi dans la ligne d'échange 7. A une température T4 inférieure à -100°C et supérieure à T2, la fraction 25 est envoyée à une turbine 27 où elle se détend jusqu'à une température T5 formant un débit d'air 29. Ce débit d'air se réchauffe dans la ligne d'échange.According to a first mode of operation, a fraction of air 25 is taken from the purified air 5 at the main pressure and is cooled in the exchange line 7. At a temperature T4 lower than -100 ° C. and greater than T2 the fraction 25 is sent to a turbine 27 where it expands to a temperature T5 forming an air flow 29. This air flow is heated in the exchange line.

Un produit liquide est soutiré du système de colonnes comme produit final 32. Dans l'exemple le seul produit de l'appareil est de l'oxygène liquide mais d'autres produits peuvent évidemment être produits sous forme liquide.A liquid product is withdrawn from the column system as final product 32. In the example the only product of the apparatus is liquid oxygen but other products can obviously be produced in liquid form.

Selon un deuxième mode de fonctionnement le débit d'air 25 traité dans la turbine auxiliaire 27 est réduit éventuellement à zéro, le débit d'air principal entrant 1 est réduit d'un débit au moins égal à la réduction du débit d'air envoyée à la turbine auxiliaire 27 et la production de liquide 37 est diminuée éventuellement à zéro.According to a second mode of operation, the air flow 25 treated in the auxiliary turbine 27 is reduced to zero if necessary, the main incoming air flow 1 is reduced by a flow rate at least equal to the reduction of the air flow sent. to the auxiliary turbine 27 and the production of liquid 37 is reduced to zero if necessary.

Cette variation du débit d'air 1 entre les deux modes de fonctionnement est assurée par les aubages variables d'un compresseur et/ou par la mise en route et/ou l'arrêt d'un compresseur d'air auxiliaire.This variation of the air flow 1 between the two modes of operation is provided by the variable vanes of a compressor and / or by the start and / or stop of an auxiliary air compressor.

Ces deux modes de fonctionnement peuvent constituer les seuls modes de fonctionnement de l'appareil ou bien il peut y avoir d'autres modes de fonctionnement.These two modes of operation may be the only modes of operation of the apparatus or there may be other modes of operation.

Il peut y avoir une étape de compression (surpresseur 3B) entre la surpression chaude qui amène l'air à la pression principale et la surpression froide, de sorte que la surpression froide s'effectue à partir d'une pression au-dessus de la pression principale, tel qu'illustré dans la Figure 2.There may be a compression step (booster 3B) between the hot booster which brings the air to the main pressure and the cold booster, so that the cold booster is from a pressure above the booster. pressure, as illustrated in the Figure 2 .

De préférence, la turbine 21 est entraînée par le surpresseur 13 et le surpresseur 3 entraîne la turbine auxiliaire 27.Preferably, the turbine 21 is driven by the booster 13 and the booster 3 drives the auxiliary turbine 27.

Claims (4)

  1. Cooling and heating unit of flows intended for and coming from a system of air separation columns comprising an exchange line (7), a first turbine (21), an auxiliary turbine (27), a booster (13), the exchange line comprising:
    i) at least one passage for receiving a first purified air flow, the at least one passage for receiving a first purified air flow being connected to the inlet of the booster,
    ii) at least one passage connected to the outlet of the booster, the at least one passage connected to the outlet of the booster being connected to the inlet of the first turbine,
    iii) at least two passages for receiving at least two fluids (35, 37) which are heated,
    iv) at least one passage for receiving a second purified air flow, the at least one passage for receiving the second purified air flow being connected to the inlet of the auxiliary turbine and the outlet of the auxiliary turbine being connected to at least one air passage to be heated and characterised in that these passages are connected so that in operation, the inlet temperature of the auxiliary turbine is higher than the inlet temperature of the first turbine and the inlet temperature of the auxiliary turbine is higher than the inlet temperature of the booster.
  2. Unit according to claim 1, arranged so that in operation, the inlet temperature of the booster (13) is lower than the inlet temperature of the first turbine (21).
  3. Unit according to claim 1 or 2, arranged so that in operation, the outlet temperature of the booster (13) is higher than the inlet temperature of the first turbine (21).
  4. Unit according to claim 1, 2 or 3, arranged so that in operation, the outlet temperature of the booster (13) is higher than the outlet temperature of the auxiliary turbine (27).
EP08775715.9A 2007-03-13 2008-03-12 Method and apparatus for the production of gas from air in highly flexible gaseous and liquid form by cryogenic distillation Not-in-force EP2118601B1 (en)

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FR0753788A FR2913759B1 (en) 2007-03-13 2007-03-13 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS AIR FROM THE AIR IN A GAS FORM AND LIQUID WITH HIGH FLEXIBILITY BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION
PCT/FR2008/050418 WO2008129198A2 (en) 2007-03-13 2008-03-12 Method and apparatus for the production of gas from air in highly flexible gaseous and liquid form by cryogenic distillation

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CN101883963B (en) 2013-09-18
FR2913759B1 (en) 2013-08-16
US20110011130A1 (en) 2011-01-20
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WO2008129198A2 (en) 2008-10-30
EP2118601A2 (en) 2009-11-18
JP5032596B2 (en) 2012-09-26
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WO2008129198A3 (en) 2011-07-07
RU2009137758A (en) 2011-04-20

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