EP2113305A2 - Grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has an introducing area for a material to be grinded. The introducing area is formed between a supply wall (9) arranged at a housing (2) and a rotor (3). A stator blade (5) is arranged in the introducing area. A perforated filter (7) is arranged below the rotor. The supply wall is inclined to the rotor. A feed area is formed in a lower section of the introducing area. The material to be grinded in the feed area is moved to the stator blade by the inclination of the supply wall, influence of gravitational force and rotation of the rotor.

Description

The present invention relates to a comminution device with a rotor rotating in a housing and having a comminuting blade.

Such comminution devices are used for the comminution of waste of various kinds and have already become known in various forms.

For example, shows the DE 91 09 063 U1 a crushing device with a rotor rotating in a housing and crushing blade-bearing rotor, wherein the rotor cooperates with a stator blade mounted on the housing and the lateral surface of the rotor is free of striking tools. Between a supply wall arranged on the housing and the rotor, an introduction region for the material to be comminuted is formed, in which the stator blade is arranged. The feed wall is inclined towards the rotor in the introduction region and, in the lower section of the introduction region, a catchment region which tapers in a wedge-shaped manner downwards is formed. The material to be crushed moves only by the inclination of the feed wall, the influence of gravity and the rotation of the rotor to the stator blade, wherein the introduction region has no feed slider or the like.

The in the DE 91 09 063 U1 The crushing device shown has no perforated screen, which would limit the size of the material leaving the crushing device upwards. Instead, the material can be ejected freely down.

The DE 91 09 063 U1 Although therefore comes in the insertion without a feed gate or the like, but has the problem that the material leaving the crushing device due to the lack of a perforated screen can be partially undesirable large.

From the DE 32 09 061 A1 shows a crushing device, which has a rotor rotating in a housing and crushing blade-bearing rotor, wherein the rotor cooperates with a stator blade mounted on the housing. Between a supply wall arranged on the housing and the rotor, an introduction region for the material to be comminuted is formed, in which the stator blade is arranged. Below the rotor is a perforated screen. The feed wall extends in the introduction region to the rotor inclined and it is in the lower portion of the introduction a downwardly wedge-shaped tapered catchment area formed, to which the perforated screen in Direction of rotation of the rotor considered followed. Although it is not provided Zuführschieber or the like in Einbringbereich. Instead, however, the outer surface of the rotor is provided with striking tools, so that the material moves not only by the inclination of the feed wall and the rotation of the rotor and the influence of gravity, but especially by the action of the striking tools to the stator knives.

The DE 32 09 061 A1 does not require a feeding slide or the like in the introduction area and the arrangement of a perforated screen ensures that the material leaving the comminution device does not exceed a certain upper size. The use of impact tools, however, only brings the desired effect to certain materials to be shredded. The impact is also associated with undesirable noise and the impact tools are wear elements, which limit the life of the rotor in an undesirable manner.

From the AT 398 712 B shows a crushing device, with a rotatable in a housing and crushing blade-bearing rotor, which cooperates with a mounted on the stator stator, the lateral surface of the rotor is free of impact tools and wherein between a housing arranged on the feed wall and the rotor, an insertion region for is formed crushing material in which the stator blade is arranged. Below the rotor, a perforated screen is arranged. The feed wall extends in the introduction region to the rotor inclined and it is in the lower portion of the introduction a downwardly wedge-shaped tapered catchment area formed, followed by the perforated screen in the direction of rotation of the rotor considered.

For transporting the material to be shredded in the direction of the stator blade, a feed slider is provided.

The object of the invention is to provide a crushing device, which is provided on the one hand with a perforated screen to limit the size of the material leaving the crushing device upwards and on the other hand has a rotor whose outer surface is free of impact tools, said crushing device being structurally simpler should, as the previously known in the art comminution devices.

This object is achieved by a crushing device having the features of claim 1.

The invention has thus recognized that it is in the in the AT 398 712 B It is not necessary to provide a feed gate, except that the material to be shredded is already moving towards the stator blade only by the inclination of the feed wall, the influence of gravity and the rotation of the rotor, although this is inherent in the arrangement of the perforated screen and the fact in that as a result the material which has passed through the stator knife can not fall freely downwards and therefore a certain resistance to the material falling from above is not to be expected.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

It has been found to be particularly advantageous if it is provided that the angle α between the plane W in which the feed wall extends and a plane E extending vertically through the center of the rotor is less than 45 °. For example, the angle α may be in a range of about 20 ° to about 30 °.

The stator blade may be attached to the feed wall. This is particularly advantageous if it is provided that the Zuführwand is pivotally mounted and is acted upon by a force accumulator with a predetermined force against pivoting. In this case, the stator blade is reliably protected by the pivoting of the feed wall from damage to a material that has entered and is comminuted in the comminution device.

It is particularly preferred that the maximum speed of the rotor is less than 250 revolutions per minute. The comminution device according to the invention is thus advantageously a slowly rotating rotor.

For slip-free power transmission of the driving force from an electric motor to the rotor, a toothed belt may be provided.

A reinforcement of the self-insertion tendency results when it is provided that the lateral surface of the rotor is formed prismatic.

Further advantages and details of the invention are the FIGS. 1 to 6 and the associated figure description removable.

Fig. 1a shows an embodiment of a crushing device 1 according to the invention in a perspective view with closed housing. 2 Fig. 1b shows the same view, but with the housing 2 open and swung-out perforated screen. 7

The Fig. 2 provides a sectional view to Fig. 1 and shows the internal structure of the crushing device 1. In a housing 2, a rotor 3 is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis. The rotor 3 carries a plurality of crushing blades 4, which cooperate with a mounted on the housing 2 stator blade 5. The material to be shredded can be introduced into the housing 2 via a feed hopper 8.

Between a mounted on the housing 2 Zuführwand 9 and the rotor 3, an introduction region for the introduced into the housing 2 to be shredded material is formed. The feed wall 9 extends in the introduction region to the rotor 3 inclined and forms due to their inclination in the lower portion of the introduction together with the rotor 3 a downwardly wedge-shaped tapered catchment area, in which the material to be crushed only by the inclination of the feed 9th , the influence of gravity and the rotation of the rotor 3 (in Fig. 2 in a clockwise direction) towards the stator blade 5. In the introduction area no feed slide or the like is arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the stator blade 5 is directed in the operating state of the crushing device 1 to a region above the central axis of the rotor 3 out. The stator blade 5 is detachably attached to the feed wall 9.

Below the rotor 3, a perforated screen 7 is arranged, which only allows the passage of material up to a certain size. Material which is small enough to pass the perforated screen 7, falls into the discharge hopper 10 and a collecting area 11. In the collection area 11, a conveyor belt for removing the crushed material may be arranged. Larger material is transported by the rotation of the rotor 3 to a housing-fixed counter blade 6. The counter knife 6 is detachably attached to the housing 2.

For driving the rotor 3, an electric motor 12 is provided. For power transmission from the electric motor 12 to the rotor 3, a toothed belt may be provided, since this allows, in contrast to conventional belt drives, a power transmission without slippage. Preferably, the rotor is slowly running and rotates during operation with a number of revolutions of less than 250 revolutions per minute. For example, a speed of 150 revolutions per minute can be provided.

The Selbsteinzugseffekt is reinforced by the here prismatic design of the lateral surface of the rotor 3.

The rotor preferably has a relatively large diameter of, for example, more than 80 cm.

The stator blade 5 supporting feed wall 9 is formed swing-out in this embodiment (see, for example Fig. 3 ). The feed wall 9 is acted upon by a force accumulator 13 with a predetermined force against pivoting. The energy storage device 13 contacts the feed wall 9 via interchangeable stops 14, 15. The execution of the contact points between the energy storage 13 and the feed 9 as releasably secured stops 14, 15 (here as strips) allows easy replacement of these wear parts.

The operation of the pivotally arranged Zuführwand 9 goes from the detailed representations of Fig. 2 b and the Fig. 2c out. Shown is an example of a non-comminutable foreign body in the form of a hammer, which could cause damage to the crushing knife 4 and the stator blade 5 without yielding to the feed 9. Since it is in Fig. 2b between a crushing blade 4 and the stator blade 5 located hammer by the rotation of the rotor exerts a building force on the pivotally mounted Zuführwand 9, which is transmitted via the stops 15 and 14 on the energy storage 13, it comes in excess of the energy storage 13th predetermined threshold to a rotation of the force accumulator 13 against the pressurizing piston-cylinder unit 16 and thus to a pivoting of the feed 9, which prevents damage to the crushing device 1.

How out Fig. 3 It can also be seen, the perforated sieve 7 can be pivotally mounted to allow access to the rotor 3 from below or the removal of material from the area between the rotor 3 and perforated sieve 7.

Out Fig. 3 is still the arrangement of a working platform 17 next to the housing 2 of the crushing device 1 shows.

The Fig. 4 shows the rotor 3 in a perspective detail view. From this, the type of attachment of the crushing knife 4 on the rotor 3 is apparent. In this exemplary embodiment, the comminution knives 4 are fastened in each case to the rotor 3, in groups of three spaced-apart from one another tangentially to the direction of rotation, via separate knife carriers 18. The attachment is such that on the one hand radially extending support beams 19, which are braced in radially extending recesses of the rotor 3 and approximately tangentially to the direction of rotation extending paragraphs 20 are provided. The knife carrier 18 are formed approximately L-shaped in this embodiment, wherein one leg of the L's is mounted in mounting position on a support beam 19 and the other leg of L's rests on a shoulder 20.

Unlike in Fig. 4a is shown in a preferred variant ( Fig. 4b . Fig. 4c ) are provided, not to arrange the individual crushing 4 a group in a line, but with an offset to each other on the rotor 3.

Also, the entire length of the rotor 3 could not be as in Fig. 4a . 4b . 4c represented by three crushing knives 4, sondem example, be covered by up to eight Zerkieinerungsmessern 4.

It would also not necessarily be necessary for the rectilinearly arranged comminution knives 4 of a group to lie in abutment or extend exactly to the end of the lateral surface of the rotor 3.

The exact type of attachment of the blade carrier 18 on the rotor 3 and the crushing blade 4 to the respective blade carriers 18 goes out of the Fig. 5a and 5b out.

As in Fig. 5a shown, in this embodiment, each crushing knife 4 via a suitable number of screws 21 (here: six pieces), which run through the arranged on crushing 4 holes mounted on the knife carrier 18, wherein the screws 21 are secured by nuts 22. In the Fig. 5a shown unit of crushing knife 4 and blade carrier 18 may advantageously be pre-assembled outside the crushing device 1 and attached as a unit via the screw 23 and the support beam 19 on the rotor 3.

It is obvious that the use of a single screw 23 as the only connection of the blade carrier 18 on the rotor 13 a considerable amount of work Replacement of the crushing knife 4 represents. This is all the more in connection with the aforementioned measure, the crushing blade 4 outside of the crushing device 1 to the blade holders 18 to attach.

Like from the Fig. 4 5a and 5b, it is provided in this embodiment, the crushing 4 other than known from the prior art, not superscripted (that is, with the longest direction radially to the rotor 3), lying sondem (ie with the longest direction about tangential to the direction of rotation). This has the considerable advantage that the shocks to which the comminuting blade 4 is inevitably exposed during operation run in the direction in which most of the material of the comminuting blade 4 is viewed in cross-section. This measure can be used independently of the other measures of the embodiment shown.

From the Fig. 6 is a perspective detailed view of the perforated screen 7 forth. Of course, other than shown, the holes of the perforated screen 7 need not necessarily be circular. It would be conceivable, for example, the formation of the holes as slots, which may extend substantially over the entire angular extent of the perforated screen 7.

As can be seen from the figures, the crushing device in the illustrated embodiment is designed as a single-shaft shredder.

Claims (8)

Crushing device (1) with a rotatable in a housing (2) and crushing blade (4) supporting rotor (3) cooperating with a stator (5) mounted on the housing (2), wherein the lateral surface of the rotor (3) free of impact tools and wherein between an on the housing (2) arranged Zuführwand (9) and the rotor (3) an insertion region for the material to be crushed is formed, in which the stator blade (5) is arranged and wherein below the rotor (3) a perforated screen (7) is arranged and wherein the feed wall (9) in the introduction region to the rotor (3) extends inclined and in the lower portion of the introduction a downwardly wedge-shaped tapered catchment area is formed, to which the perforated screen (7) in the direction of rotation of the Rotor (3) considered and in which the material to be crushed only by the inclination of the feed wall (9), the influence of gravity and the rotation of the rotor (3) to the stator moved knife (5), wherein the introduction region has no feed slider or the like. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (α) between the plane (W) in which the feed wall (9) extends and a vertically through the center of the rotor (3) extending plane (E) is less than 45 ° , Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle (α) is in a range of about 20 ° to about 30 °. Crushing device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stator blade (5) on the feed wall (9) is mounted. Crushing device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the feed wall (9) is pivotably mounted and is acted upon by a force accumulator (13) with a predetermined force against pivoting. Crushing device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the maximum rotational speed of the rotor (3) is less than 250 revolutions per minute. Crushing device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a toothed belt for transmitting the driving force by an electric motor (12) on the rotor (3) is provided. Crushing device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the lateral surface of the rotor (3) is prismatic.

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