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EP2193528B1 - Puissance électrique avec des nanotubes de carbone - Google Patents

Puissance électrique avec des nanotubes de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2193528B1
EP2193528B1 EP07818370.4A EP07818370A EP2193528B1 EP 2193528 B1 EP2193528 B1 EP 2193528B1 EP 07818370 A EP07818370 A EP 07818370A EP 2193528 B1 EP2193528 B1 EP 2193528B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
electrical
carbon nanotubes
electrical line
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07818370.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2193528A1 (fr
Inventor
Klemens Kahlen
Detlef Potoradi
Hubert Schierling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2193528A1 publication Critical patent/EP2193528A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2193528B1 publication Critical patent/EP2193528B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/42—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction
    • H01B7/428—Heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a layered electrical conductor with a first layer of a composite with carbon nanotubes.
  • Carbon nanotubes also called CNTs (Carbo-Nano-Tube) are microscopic tubular structures made of carbon. Carbon nanotubes are particularly interesting for the electrical and electronics industry due to their extremely high current carrying capacity and thermal conductivity. For example, carbon nanotubes have about a thousand times higher current carrying capacity than copper wires, and their thermal conductivity is about 6,000 W m ⁇ K almost twice that of diamond.
  • a conductor made of a composite of a metal and a mixed amount of carbon nanotubes in the range of 0.2 to 2% known.
  • the composite layer forms the core of the conductor, which is surrounded by an insulating layer, a shielding layer and a protective layer.
  • the electromagnetic shielding layer also contains carbon nanotubes.
  • the GB 319,792 describes an electrical conductor with a heat-conducting layer to improve the current carrying capacity of the conductor. Also the GB 1,002,525 one can see an electrical cable which has an increased thermal conductivity using certain materials.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of reducing the material costs of a carbon nanotube-based electrical conductor.
  • the conduit has a first layer of a first material with carbon nanotubes and a second layer, wherein the second layer consists of a thermally conductive second material and immediately adjacent to the first layer, wherein one of the two layers at least partially surrounds the other layer at its periphery in that a heat loss generated in the first layer due to a current flowing through the first layer is dissipated substantially to the second layer.
  • the first layer completely encloses the second layer at its circumference.
  • a material with a specific thermal conductivity of 100 is referred to as a second material referred to as heat-conducting W m ⁇ K or more at room temperature.
  • the core idea of the invention is based on the knowledge that the current-carrying capacity of a conductor not only depends on the specific conductivity of the conductive material but also on the cooling conditions under which the current transport takes place. Given the geometry and otherwise unchanged boundary conditions for the temperatures, the current carrying capacity of a conductor only increases with the root of the factor, which increases the specific conductivity. So if a material with a nine times better conductivity is used, this leads only to a tripling of the permissible continuous current, which can be performed with such an electrical line. As a consequence, in many cases good electrical conductivity properties can only be exploited inefficiently, since the heat generated in conductors can not be dissipated in sufficient quantity.
  • the heat dissipated by an electrical line per unit of time depends crucially on the effective surface of the conductor, which can make this available for this purpose. Due to the high cost of materials that must be applied to the carbon nanotube-containing material of the first layer, it would be very uneconomical to increase the cross-sectional area and thus the heat-dissipating surface of a conductor constructed from the first material such that the excellent electrical conduction properties of the carbon nanotubes are fully utilized can. According to the invention, the problem of heat dissipation is addressed by a much more favorable solution, in which the second layer of a good heat conductive material such as copper or aluminum is used to increase the cross section of the electrical line and thus their heat dissipating surface. Due to the excellent conductivity of the first layer with the carbon nanotubes, the flow of current will concentrate primarily in the first layer. The heat generated in this case, due to the also still be characterized as good thermal conductivity of the second layer of this led and brought to the surface.
  • the electrical line By the second much cheaper layer not only the thermal conductivity and thus the current carrying capacity of the electrical line are increased. Due to the larger cross-section, which results from the addition of the second layer, the electrical line also receives a comparatively higher strength. The resulting larger cross-section also ensures a lower field strength at the surface of the electrical line. Due to the volume introduced by the two layers, the short-circuit current carrying capacity of the electrical line according to the invention can also be increased, since a higher thermal capacitance results compared to an electrical conductor of the same conductivity, which consists only of the first material.
  • an embodiment of the invention is advantageous in which the first material is designed as a composite.
  • CNTs may be included to some extent to produce the desired conductive properties.
  • the thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity can be further increased in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the heat-conducting material is an electrical conductor, in particular a metallic conductor.
  • the heat-conducting material is an electrical conductor, in particular a metallic conductor.
  • part of the current to be conducted from the electric wire is also passed through the second layer, thereby relieving the first layer.
  • an embodiment of the invention is advantageous in which one of the two layers completely surrounds the other layer at its periphery. This is especially true when the heat transfer resistance between the layers is less than the heat transfer resistance of the first layer to the environment.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the two layers are arranged coaxially to each other and one of the two layers forms an axially extending core of the conduit.
  • the surface available for heat removal is determined by the outer layer in such an embodiment.
  • a large surface available for heat dissipation can be achieved by the second layer completely enclosing the first layer at its circumference.
  • the heat generated in the first layer by the current transport can be transmitted to the second layer, which finally emits this heat to the environment over a comparatively large surface area.
  • an embodiment of the invention may be expedient in which the first layer completely encloses the second layer at its periphery.
  • the second layer made of the cheaper material forms the core of the coaxial assembly. This core only has to be covered with a comparatively thin layer of the first, more expensive material.
  • Such a tubular conductor is particularly advantageous if the current to be supplied has high-frequency components. Due to the high frequencies, there is a current displacement, which leads in this embodiment to the fact that the current components displaced to the surface of the electrical line flow in the area of the extremely conductive first material. Thus, the frequency-dependent increase in resistance of such a conductor is relatively small compared to conventional conductors, which consist only of a conductive layer.
  • Electrical leads according to one of the embodiments described above can advantageously be combined into a stranded wire.
  • additional insulation such as, for example, a lacquer can be dispensed with.
  • the electrical conductivity of the first material is so high that even a copper or aluminum layer enclosing the core acts approximately like electrical isolation between the individual wires because conductivity difference of the layers is very high, although both materials the group of electrical conductors are assigned.
  • the fact that in such a stranded wire can be dispensed with an additional paint or plastic insulation also increases the internal electrical and thermal conductivity of the strand and thus the current carrying capacity. The result is a higher filling factor, that is a relatively higher volume fraction, which is filled with electrically and thermally conductive material, as is the case with conventionally insulated stranded wires.
  • FIG. 1 shows the cross section of a first electrical line with a core made of a composite with carbon nanotubes.
  • the illustrated electrical line is constructed in a layered manner.
  • a first layer 1 of the electrical line is formed by the composite material in which the extremely conductive carbon nanotubes are located. Due to the cost of this material, the cross-sectional area and thus the circumference of the first layer 1 is comparatively small. Since the electrical conductivity of the composite material is very high, the given cross-sectional area is sufficient for the transport of very high currents, if it is ensured that the resulting heat is dissipated sufficiently to the outside.
  • a second layer 2 around the first layer 1 coaxially with the first layer 1, which consists of a material of very good conductivity.
  • the first layer 1 which consists of a material of very good conductivity.
  • a metal such as copper or aluminum in question.
  • the use of a conductive metal in addition to the good thermal conductivity also has the advantage that a part of the current transport can also be taken over by the second layer 2.
  • the electrical line is finally surrounded by a plastic insulation.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross section of a second electrical line with a core made of a composite with carbon nanotubes.
  • the arrangement shown essentially corresponds to in FIG. 1 shown arrangement.
  • plastic insulation 3 is provided here a resist layer 4 for electrical insulation of the entire electrical line to the outside.
  • FIG. 3 shows the cross section of a third electrical line with a tubular layer of a composite with carbon nanotubes.
  • the first layer 1 of the electrical line is located on a core formed by the second layer 2.
  • the first layer 1 itself has a very large surface through which it can emit the heat, without having to use large amounts of the composite material for this purpose.
  • the outer insulation layer shows FIG. 4 the same structural design of the electric wire as FIG. 3 ,
  • the in the FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrated embodiments of the electrical line have advantages, especially at high frequencies of the current to be transported.
  • FIG. 5 shows a groove 5 with electrical lines having a layer of a composite with carbon nanotubes.
  • FIG. 5 illustrated can be constructed using the two-layered electrical wires and winding packages for electrical machines, which are characterized by a very low resistivity. Therefore, much higher magnetic field strengths can be generated within these machines with the electrical leads according to the invention than is the case with conventional conductors.
  • FIG. 6 shows a stranded wire with electrical leads having a layer of composite with carbon nanotubes.
  • the individual lines each have a first layer 1 of the composite material, which forms the core of the lines, and a second layer 2 of a good thermal conductivity material such as copper or aluminum.
  • a good thermal conductivity material such as copper or aluminum.
  • copper and aluminum are known as good electrical conductors, their specific electrical conductivity is much lower than that of the composite material.
  • the second layer 2 acts as an insulating layer which sufficiently insulates the individual electrical leads of the strand from one another.
  • the thermal conductivity of the second layer 2 is very high, so that the heat between the individual wires of the Litz wire can be exchanged.
  • the current carrying capacity of the stranded wire compared to conventional stranded wire can be significantly increased.

Landscapes

  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Câble électrique de structure stratifiée comprenant une première couche (1) constituée d'une première matière comprenant des nanotubes de carbone et une seconde couche (2), et la seconde couche (2) est constituée d'une seconde matière thermoconductrice et est directement adjacente à la première couche (1) ; dans lequel une des deux couches (1, 2) renferme l'autre couche (1, 2) à la périphérie de cette dernière au moins en partie d'une manière telle qu'une chaleur perdue générée dans la première couche sur base d'un courant qui circule à travers la première couche (1) est cédée pour l'essentiel à la seconde couche (1), caractérisé en ce que la première couche (1) renferme complètement la deuxième couche (2) à la périphérie de cette dernière.
  2. Câble électrique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première matière est réalisée sous la forme d'un composite.
  3. Câble électrique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la seconde matière thermoconductrice représente un conducteur électrique, en particulier un conducteur métallique.
  4. Câble électrique selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les deux couches (1, 2) sont disposées en position réciproquement coaxiale et une des deux couches (1, 2) forme un noyau du câble s'étendant en direction axiale.
  5. Fil toronné comprenant des câbles électriques de structure stratifiée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4.
  6. Fil toronné comprenant des câbles électriques de structure stratifiée selon la revendication 4 ; dans lequel les câbles électriques sont configurés d'une manière telle qu'une isolation électrique des câbles électriques individuels l'un par rapport à l'autre est mise en oeuvre uniquement par la seconde couche (2).
  7. Enroulement de bobine en particulier pour les machines électriques comprenant des câbles électriques de structure stratifiée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4.
EP07818370.4A 2007-09-24 2007-09-24 Puissance électrique avec des nanotubes de carbone Not-in-force EP2193528B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/008283 WO2009039872A1 (fr) 2007-09-24 2007-09-24 Puissance électrique avec des nanotubes de carbone

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2193528A1 EP2193528A1 (fr) 2010-06-09
EP2193528B1 true EP2193528B1 (fr) 2018-12-26

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EP07818370.4A Not-in-force EP2193528B1 (fr) 2007-09-24 2007-09-24 Puissance électrique avec des nanotubes de carbone

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EP (1) EP2193528B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009039872A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008064579B4 (de) * 2008-12-22 2012-03-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Trägerzylinder zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Wicklung
US9449739B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2016-09-20 The Boeing Company High power, high frequency power cable

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1837952A (en) * 1927-10-31 1931-12-22 Delon Jules Electric cable
GB319792A (en) * 1928-09-28 1930-07-03 Hugo Sonnenfeld Armouring for power cables
GB1002525A (en) * 1963-08-01 1965-08-25 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in or relating to electrical power cables
US3798346A (en) * 1973-04-16 1974-03-19 Midland Ross Corp Power transmission apparatus, especially cable and cable bus housings
SE7801543L (sv) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-10 Ssab Svenskt Stal Ab Rorkabel
DE69627235T2 (de) * 1995-02-24 2003-12-04 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Strahlender Draht
JP2005096024A (ja) * 2003-09-24 2005-04-14 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd ワイヤとその製造方法および該ワイヤを用いた電磁石
JP2006260898A (ja) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-28 Auto Network Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk シールド導電路及びシート状導電路の製造方法
JP2006269201A (ja) * 2005-03-23 2006-10-05 Auto Network Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk シールド導電路

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Publication number Publication date
EP2193528A1 (fr) 2010-06-09
WO2009039872A1 (fr) 2009-04-02

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