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EP2193001B1 - Rising pipe for delivering molten metal and dosing furnace with such a rising pipe - Google Patents

Rising pipe for delivering molten metal and dosing furnace with such a rising pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2193001B1
EP2193001B1 EP08829753A EP08829753A EP2193001B1 EP 2193001 B1 EP2193001 B1 EP 2193001B1 EP 08829753 A EP08829753 A EP 08829753A EP 08829753 A EP08829753 A EP 08829753A EP 2193001 B1 EP2193001 B1 EP 2193001B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
rising pipe
pipe
diffuser
molten metal
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EP08829753A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2193001A2 (en
Inventor
Jens GLÜCKLICH
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Strikowestofen GmbH
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Strikowestofen GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/28—Melting pots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
    • B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/14—Charging or discharging liquid or molten material
    • F27D3/145—Runners therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a standpipe for use in a metering furnace and to a set of risers of different caliber, further to a metering furnace for dispensing metered portions of a molten metal, in particular liquid aluminum alloy.
  • Such dosing furnaces ( WO 2006/092163 A ) comprise a refractory lined housing forming a molten metal tub, a filling tube for feeding the molten metal into the tub, a riser for dispensing portions of molten material, and a pressure feeding device for generating an overpressure inside the dosing furnace for dispensing each molten metal portion.
  • the riser interior has an inlet-side throttle, a diffuser and a pipe section ( DE 20 2005 017 110 U1 ).
  • Dosing furnaces are used, among other things, to feed die-casting machines for sand molds or molds, ie to fill their filling chamber with a molten metal portion. It depends on exactly measured portions of the molten metal.
  • the filling quantity is too small, damage may occur in the die casting machine because the pressure piston of the die casting machine abuts against the filling chamber wall. In addition, the produced die casting becomes defective. If the molten metal portion is too large, there is a risk that the individual parts of existing die casting mold is pressed apart, which can also lead to damage, but in any case supplies useless die castings. Thus, the exact dimensioning of the metal portions is of crucial importance.
  • riser tubes which have a dome shape at the inlet-side throttle
  • riser tubes which have a cone shape at the inlet-side throttle
  • the riser tubes in dome shape it comes to stalls behind the throttle and thus to turbulence in dead spaces, which reduces the throughput (flow rate) of melt.
  • riser pipes in the cone shape immediately behind the throttle although the risk of dead space formation is reduced, but the accuracy of the discharge amount of the molten metal is still not optimal. This is based on the fact that edges are formed between the individual sections of the riser pipes. When cleaning the riser also these edges can be easily changed in their position if too little or too much material is removed from the riser inner wall. This leads to changes in the geometry of the riser and thus to change the promotion of the melt after cleaning the riser.
  • riser pipes are designed for different areas of molten metal portions, ie built with different calibers. Based on a respective caliber of the riser, the molten metal portion is controlled by the height and the duration of the overpressure in the metering furnace. An overpressure in the metering furnace can therefore build up because the riser is immersed in the molten metal and the throttle of the riser inhibits the outflow of molten metal.
  • the riser choke can be considered as a metering orifice, which is essentially a lets through constant flow of material. However, before this constant flow of material occurs, there are transients in the flow of material that depend on many parameters that can not be kept constant.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the identified shortcomings.
  • a riser is to be specified, with which the transient phenomena can be smooth in the delivery of a molten metal portion and show a virtually aperiodic course.
  • the cleaning of the riser should lead to consistent quality of the geometric shape.
  • the inner surface of the riser smoothly merges with each other between a throttle portion, a diffuser portion and a pipe portion without edge formation, with a continuous change in the increase of the inner diameter in the region of the diffuser portion.
  • the mathematical first derivative df (x) / dx of the function f (x) of the inner diameter of the riser as a function of the distance x along the axis of symmetry forms a continuous function, ie a function without jumps.
  • the inlet side throttle section merges with a first rounding radius into the diffuser section, and the diffuser merges into the pipe section without edges, with a second rounding radius.
  • the radii of curvature are chosen to be large compared to the inlet diameter or the outlet diameter. "Big” here means “almost an order of magnitude or more, larger”.
  • riser pipes are replacement parts which are exchanged on the one hand for wear and tear, on the other hand for production changes of the die cast workpieces.
  • a riser tube of appropriate caliber is selected from a set of riser tubes and inserted into the dosing furnace.
  • the set of risers of different caliber covers the total range of molten metal flows of the respective dosing furnace.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the interior of a metering furnace. This contains an internally refractory lined housing 1, which forms a trough for the molten metal, a filling tube 2 for supplying the molten metal into the trough, a riser pipe 3 for dispensing molten metal portions and a pressure feed device 4 for generating an overpressure inside the dosing furnace each metal molten portions on the riser pipe 3.
  • the level of the melt in the metering furnace is indicated by a level 5.
  • the filling tube 2 is made of ceramic or refractory concrete and forms a narrowing funnel with a narrow outlet, which forms a closure for the overpressure generated in the interior during operation of the metering furnace, on the other hand allows the inflow of molten metal into the tub.
  • the operation of the metering furnace is intermittent, ie for delivering a molten metal portion of the riser pipe 3, an overpressure is generated for a certain time, for example, for 8 seconds, which serves to promote a molten metal portion through the riser pipe 3 in the filling chamber, for example an aluminum die casting machine.
  • the applied pressures are in the range of 10 mbar to 200 mbar and preferably in the range of 40 to 80 mbar. In order to build up these pressures, the riser pipe 3 must act as a temporary closure, that is, the construction of the pressure is much faster than the possible outflow of material through the riser. 3
  • Fig. 2 shows the basic structure of a riser 3.
  • the wall of the riser is made of ceramic or fireproof concrete.
  • the riser interior 30 includes three sections, namely an inlet side throttle section 31, a Connecting diffuser section 32 and an outlet-side pipe section 33.
  • the throttle 31 delays the outflow of the molten metal at pressure build-up in the housing 1, so that one can set a desired level of overpressure in the housing 1 by means of the pressure supply means 4. Then, the throttle 31 acts as a metering orifice, that is, when set, constant pressure flows in an approximately constant current through the riser. 3
  • Fig. 3 shows the behavior of the mass flow in a conventional riser of the dome shape. Overshoot processes are formed before the roughly constant mass flow results.
  • Fig. 4 shows the behavior of the mass flow in a riser according to the invention. As clearly visible, the transient process is practically aperiodic, ie there are no overshoots.
  • the formation of the riser according to the invention is based on the FIGS. 5 and 6 described.
  • the riser interior 30 is smoothed by a finishing treatment.
  • the three sections throttle 31, diffuser 32 and pipe section 33 can be distinguished, the lengths of which are marked L31, L32 and L33.
  • the inlet diameter is denoted by Di and the outlet diameter by Do.
  • the outer diameter of the riser is Da.
  • the throttle section 31 is round cylindrical and merges without edges with a rounding radius R1 into the conical diffuser section 32.
  • the pipe section 33 is slightly conical with an opening angle of 1 ° to the outlet and merges edgewise with a rounding radius R2 into the diffuser section 32.
  • the inner cutting lines in the axial longitudinal section through the riser pipe 3 are continuously differentiable and are generally S-shaped in the diffuser section 32.
  • the radii R1 and R2 can be selected so that the curves generated by them, which are parts of torus surfaces, tangentially merge into each other, ie form an inflection point in axial section, at which the maximum cone opening angle ⁇ of the diffuser section 32 can be measured.
  • the outer shape of the riser pipe 3 may be rounded or, as shown, be edged.
  • on the input side should be provided at the transition of the outer surface to the inner surface of the riser a sharp peripheral edge 34, and the output side should be no "tripping edge" given to a secondary pipe, which requires a further sharp peripheral edge 35.
  • riser pipes are available with a total length L of 570 mm.
  • the outlet diameter Do is in the range of 40 to 80 mm and the inlet diameter Di is in the range of 12 to 40 mm. It is understood that the respective smaller values of the diameter are combined with each other and the respective larger diameter.
  • the maximum opening angle ⁇ of the diffuser 32 is about 10 °.
  • the throttle portion 31 does not need to be strictly cylindrical, but a slightly conical shape is permissible.
  • the measured in the axial direction wall angle in the throttle section can be selected in the range of 0 to 1 °. Also, for the cone opening angle of the diffuser 32, there is a preferred range ranging from 8 ° to 16 °.
  • a wall angle in the range of 0.5 ° to 2 ° is selected, which facilitates the cleaning of the riser of solidified molten metal.
  • the first rounding radius R1 is preferably greater than 30 mm and may be in the range of 100 to 200 mm and the second rounding radius R2 is preferably greater than 50 mm and may be selected in the range of 200 to 300 mm.
  • a metering furnace has a total range of metered portions that is usually covered with a set of risers of different calibers. By the new flow-optimized riser shows an increased throughput, you can cover the entire area of the portions to be measured with fewer risers in the sentence than before.
  • a dosing furnace of commercial size can be with five risers (instead of previously seven or eight risers) get along in the sentence, which have the following dimensions: No. Total length (L) max outside diameter (Da) max.in diameter (Th) Inlet diameter (Di) 1 570 90 40 16 2 570 120 65 21 3 570 120 65 24 4 570 120 65 35 5 570 120 65 40
  • a in Fig. 7 shown tool 7 can be done.
  • This has a rod 70 with handle 71 and a scraper 72 which is formed as a half-round disc with a radius matching the inlet diameter of the respective riser pipe 3.
  • the diameter of the rod 70 can be selected as a function of the riser size. Since the interior 30 of the riser is edgeless, the risk of violent abutment of the scraper 72 on the pipe wall interior due to inertial forces when changing direction is avoided on edges, so that damage to the pipe inner wall when cleaning the riser are largely avoided.
  • a half-round disc as a scraper 72 and a Ahlenartiger forming scraper can be used, which is adapted to the S-shaped curvature of each one riser interior 30 to work out the desired geometry of the riser inside each time cleaning process again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a dosing furnace comprising a rising pipe (3) for delivering metered portions of a molten metal, particularly liquid aluminum alloy. The rising pipe encompasses a throttle section (31) that is located at the inlet end and has an inlet diameter (Di), a diffuser section (32), and a pipe section (33) having an outlet diameter (Do). The transition between the internal surfaces (30) of the throttle section (31), the diffuser section (32), and the pipe section (33) is smooth, without edges being formed.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Steigrohr zur Verwendung in einem Dosierofen sowie auf einen Satz von Steigrohren unterschiedlichen Kalibers, ferner auf einen Dosieröfen zur Abgabe von abgemessenen Portionen einer Metallschmelze, insbesondere flüssige Aluminiumlegierung. .The invention relates to a standpipe for use in a metering furnace and to a set of risers of different caliber, further to a metering furnace for dispensing metered portions of a molten metal, in particular liquid aluminum alloy. ,

Derartige Dosieröfen ( WO 2006/092163 A ) umfassen ein feuerfest ausgekleidetes Gehäuse, das eine Wanne für die Metallschmelze bildet, ferner ein Füllrohr zur Zuführung der Metallschmelze in die Wanne, ein Steigrohr zur Abgabe von Materialschmelzportionen und eine Druckzuführuhgseinrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Überdrucks im Inneren des Dosierofens zwecks Abgabe je einer Metallschmelzportion. Das Steigrohrinnere weist eine einlaufseitige Drossel, einen Diffuser und einen Rohrabschnitt auf ( DE 20 2005 017 110 U1 ). Dosieröfen werden dazu verwendet, unter anderem Druckgussmaschinen für Sandformen oder für Kokillen zu beschicken, d.h. deren Füllkammer mit einer Metallschmelzportion zu füllen. Dabei kommt es auf genau abgemessene Portionen der Metallschmelze an. Ist die Füllmenge zu klein, kann es in der Druckgussmaschine zu Beschädigungen kommen, weil der Druckkolben der Druckgussmaschine an der Füllkammerwand anschlägt. Außerdem wird das hergestellte Druckgussstück mangelhaft. Wenn die Metallschmelzportion zu groß ist, besteht die Gefahr, dass die aus einzelnen Teilen bestehende Druckgussform auseinander gepresst wird, was ebenfalls zu Beschädigungen führen kann, jedenfalls aber unbrauchbare Druckgusswerkstücke liefert. Somit ist die genaue Bemessung der Metallportionen von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung.Such dosing furnaces ( WO 2006/092163 A ) comprise a refractory lined housing forming a molten metal tub, a filling tube for feeding the molten metal into the tub, a riser for dispensing portions of molten material, and a pressure feeding device for generating an overpressure inside the dosing furnace for dispensing each molten metal portion. The riser interior has an inlet-side throttle, a diffuser and a pipe section ( DE 20 2005 017 110 U1 ). Dosing furnaces are used, among other things, to feed die-casting machines for sand molds or molds, ie to fill their filling chamber with a molten metal portion. It depends on exactly measured portions of the molten metal. If the filling quantity is too small, damage may occur in the die casting machine because the pressure piston of the die casting machine abuts against the filling chamber wall. In addition, the produced die casting becomes defective. If the molten metal portion is too large, there is a risk that the individual parts of existing die casting mold is pressed apart, which can also lead to damage, but in any case supplies useless die castings. Thus, the exact dimensioning of the metal portions is of crucial importance.

Im Stand der Technik gibt es Steigrohre, die bei der einlaufseitigen Drossel Kalottenform aufweisen, und Steigrohre, die bei der einlaufseitigen Drossel Konusform aufweisen ( DE 20 2005 017110 U1 ). Bei den Steigrohren in Kalottenform kommt es zu Strömungsabrissen hinter der Drossel und damit zu Verwirbelungen in Toträumen, was den Durchsatz (Stromrate) an Schmelze vermindert. Bei Steigrohren in Konusform unmittelbar hinter der Drossel wird zwar die Gefahr der Totraumbildung herabgesetzt, jedoch ist die Genauigkeit der Abgabemenge der Metallschmelze dennoch nicht optimal. Dies beruht darauf, dass zwischen den einzelnen Abschnitten der Steigrohre Kanten ausgebildet sind. Beim Reinigen des Steigrohrs können außerdem diese Kanten in ihrer Lage leicht verändert werden, wenn zu wenig oder zu viel Material von der Steigrohrinnenwandung entfernt wird. Dies führt zu Veränderungen der Geometrie des Steigrohrs und damit zu Veränderung der Förderung der Schmelze nach Reinigung des Steigrohrs.In the prior art, there are riser tubes, which have a dome shape at the inlet-side throttle, and riser tubes which have a cone shape at the inlet-side throttle ( DE 20 2005 017110 U1 ). In the riser tubes in dome shape it comes to stalls behind the throttle and thus to turbulence in dead spaces, which reduces the throughput (flow rate) of melt. In riser pipes in the cone shape immediately behind the throttle, although the risk of dead space formation is reduced, but the accuracy of the discharge amount of the molten metal is still not optimal. This is based on the fact that edges are formed between the individual sections of the riser pipes. When cleaning the riser also these edges can be easily changed in their position if too little or too much material is removed from the riser inner wall. This leads to changes in the geometry of the riser and thus to change the promotion of the melt after cleaning the riser.

Steigrohre sind für unterschiedliche Bereiche von Metallschmelzportionen ausgelegt, d. h. mit unterschiedlichen Kalibern gebaut. Basierend auf einem jeweiligen Kaliber des Steigrohrs wird die Metallschmelzportion durch die Höhe und die zeitliche Dauer des Überdrucks im Dosierofen gesteuert. Ein Überdruck im Dosierofen kann sich deshalb aufbauen, weil das Steigrohr in die Metallschmelze eintaucht und die Drossel des Steigrohrs den Abfluss von Metallschmelze hemmt. Wenn sich ein konstanter Überdruck im Inneren des Dosierofens aufgebaut hat, kann die Steigrohrdrossel als eine Messblende angesehen werden, die einen im Wesentlichen konstanten Materialstrom hindurchlässt. Bevor es jedoch zu diesem konstanten Materialstrom kommt, gibt es Einschwingvorgänge des Materialstroms, die von vielerlei Parametern abhängen, welche nicht konstant gehalten werden können. Im zeitlichen Verlauf des Einschwingvorgangs kommt es zu Schwankungen des Materialstroms, die bis zu Überschwingvorgängen reichen können. Die Größe der Schwankungen kann sich von Mal zu Mal des Betriebs des Dosierofens ändern, was die genaue Dosierung der abgegebenen Metallschmelzportionen erschwert und ungenau macht.Riser pipes are designed for different areas of molten metal portions, ie built with different calibers. Based on a respective caliber of the riser, the molten metal portion is controlled by the height and the duration of the overpressure in the metering furnace. An overpressure in the metering furnace can therefore build up because the riser is immersed in the molten metal and the throttle of the riser inhibits the outflow of molten metal. When a constant overpressure has built up inside the dosing furnace, the riser choke can be considered as a metering orifice, which is essentially a lets through constant flow of material. However, before this constant flow of material occurs, there are transients in the flow of material that depend on many parameters that can not be kept constant. In the course of the transient process, there are fluctuations in the material flow, which can range up to overshoots. The size of the fluctuations can change from time to time of the operation of the metering furnace, which makes the exact dosage of the delivered molten metal portions difficult and inaccurate.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die aufgezeigten Mängel zu vermeiden. Insbesondere soll ein Steigrohr angegeben werden, mit dem sich die Einschwingvorgänge bei der Abgabe einer Metallschmelzportion glätten lassen und praktisch einen aperiodischen Verlauf zeigen. Die Reinigung des Steigrohrs soll zu gleichbleibender Güte der geometrischen Form führen.The invention has for its object to avoid the identified shortcomings. In particular, a riser is to be specified, with which the transient phenomena can be smooth in the delivery of a molten metal portion and show a virtually aperiodic course. The cleaning of the riser should lead to consistent quality of the geometric shape.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird mit einem Steigrohr gelöst, wie in den Ansprüchen angegeben. Im Einzelnen geht die Innenoberfläche des Steigrohrs zwischen einem Drosselabschnitt, einem Diffusorabschnitt und einem Rohrabschnitt ohne Kantenbildung glatt ineinander über, wobei eine stetige Änderung der Zunahme des Innendurchmessers im Bereich des Diffusorabschnitts erfolgt. Demnach bildet die mathematische erste Ableitung df(x)/dx der Funktion f(x) des Innendurchmessers des Steigrohrs als Funktion der Strecke x entlang der Symmetrieachse, eine stetige Funktion, d.h. eine Funktion ohne Sprünge.The object is achieved with a riser, as stated in the claims. Specifically, the inner surface of the riser smoothly merges with each other between a throttle portion, a diffuser portion and a pipe portion without edge formation, with a continuous change in the increase of the inner diameter in the region of the diffuser portion. Accordingly, the mathematical first derivative df (x) / dx of the function f (x) of the inner diameter of the riser as a function of the distance x along the axis of symmetry forms a continuous function, ie a function without jumps.

Um kantenlos zu sein, geht der einlaufseitige Drosselabschnitt mit einem ersten Abrundungsradius in den Diffusorabschnitt über, und der Diffusor geht kantenlos, mit einem zweiten Abrundungsradius in den Rohrabschnitt über. Die Abrundungsradien sind groß gegenüber dem Einlaufdurchmesser oder dem Auslaufdurchmesser gewählt. "Groß" bedeutet hier "um nahezu eine Größenordnung oder darüber hinaus größer".To be edgeless, the inlet side throttle section merges with a first rounding radius into the diffuser section, and the diffuser merges into the pipe section without edges, with a second rounding radius. The radii of curvature are chosen to be large compared to the inlet diameter or the outlet diameter. "Big" here means "almost an order of magnitude or more, larger".

Steigrohre sind Austauschteile, die einerseits wegen Abnutzung ausgetauscht werden, andererseits bei Produktionswechsel der Druckgusswerkstücke. Um innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitrahmens eine bestimmte Metallschmelzportion abzugeben, wird ein Steigrohr passenden Kalibers aus einem Satz von Steigrohren ausgewählt und in den Dosierofen eingesetzt. Der Satz von Steigrohren unterschiedlichen Kalibers deckt den Gesamtbereich der Metallschmelzströme des betreffenden Dosierofens ab.Riser pipes are replacement parts which are exchanged on the one hand for wear and tear, on the other hand for production changes of the die cast workpieces. In order to dispense a particular molten metal portion within a certain time frame, a riser tube of appropriate caliber is selected from a set of riser tubes and inserted into the dosing furnace. The set of risers of different caliber covers the total range of molten metal flows of the respective dosing furnace.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Dosierofen in schematisierter Darstellung bei entfernten Außenteilen"
Fig. 2
eine Teilansicht des Innenraums eines Dosierofens,
Fig. 3
ein Diagramm des Massenstromes über die Zeit eines konventionellen Steigrohres,
Fig. 4
ein Diagramm des Massenstromes über die Zeit bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Steigrohr,
Fig. 5
einen Längsschnitt durch ein Steigrohr,
Fig. 6
einen Längsschnitt durch ein weiteres Steigrohr und
Fig. 7
ein Reinigungswerkzeug zum Reinigen von Steigrohren.
Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing. Showing:
Fig. 1
a dosing furnace in a schematic representation with removed outer parts "
Fig. 2
a partial view of the interior of a metering furnace,
Fig. 3
a diagram of the mass flow over the time of a conventional riser,
Fig. 4
a diagram of the mass flow over time in a riser according to the invention,
Fig. 5
a longitudinal section through a riser,
Fig. 6
a longitudinal section through another riser and
Fig. 7
a cleaning tool for cleaning riser pipes.

Fig. 1 ist eine schematische Darstellung des Innenraums eines Dosierofens. Dieser enthält ein innen feuerfest ausgekleidetes Gehäuse 1, das eine Wanne für die Metallschmelze bildet, ferner ein Füllrohr 2 zur Zuführung der Metallschmelze in die Wanne, ein Steigrohr 3 zur Abgabe von Metallschmelzportionen und eine Druckzuführungseinrichtung 4 zur Erzeugung eines Überdrucks im Inneren des Dosierofens, um jeweils Metallschmelzportionen am Steigrohr 3 abzugeben. Das Niveau der Schmelze im Dosierofen ist durch eine Ebene 5 angedeutet. Das Füllrohr 2 besteht aus Keramik oder Feuerbeton und bildet einen sich verengenden Trichter mit engem Auslass, der beim Betrieb des Dosierofens einen Verschluss für den im Inneren erzeugten Überdruck bildet, andererseits das Nachströmen von Metallschmelze in die Wanne zulässt. Der Betrieb des Dosierofens erfolgt stoßweise, d. h. zur Abgabe einer Metallschmelzportion am Steigrohr 3 wird während einer bestimmten Zeit, beispielsweise für 8 Sekunden, ein Überdruck erzeugt, der zur Förderung einer Metallschmelzportion durch das Steigrohr 3 in die Füllkammer beispielsweise einer Aluminiumdruckgussmaschine dient. Die angewendeten Drücke liegen im Bereich von 10 mbar bis 200 mbar und vorzugsweise im Bereich von 40 bis 80 mbar. Um diese Drücke aufzubauen, muss das Steigrohr 3 als temporärer Verschluss wirken, d. h. der Aufbau des Druckes erfolgt wesentlich rascher als der mögliche Abfluss von Material durch das Steigrohr 3. Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the interior of a metering furnace. This contains an internally refractory lined housing 1, which forms a trough for the molten metal, a filling tube 2 for supplying the molten metal into the trough, a riser pipe 3 for dispensing molten metal portions and a pressure feed device 4 for generating an overpressure inside the dosing furnace each metal molten portions on the riser pipe 3. The level of the melt in the metering furnace is indicated by a level 5. The filling tube 2 is made of ceramic or refractory concrete and forms a narrowing funnel with a narrow outlet, which forms a closure for the overpressure generated in the interior during operation of the metering furnace, on the other hand allows the inflow of molten metal into the tub. The operation of the metering furnace is intermittent, ie for delivering a molten metal portion of the riser pipe 3, an overpressure is generated for a certain time, for example, for 8 seconds, which serves to promote a molten metal portion through the riser pipe 3 in the filling chamber, for example an aluminum die casting machine. The applied pressures are in the range of 10 mbar to 200 mbar and preferably in the range of 40 to 80 mbar. In order to build up these pressures, the riser pipe 3 must act as a temporary closure, that is, the construction of the pressure is much faster than the possible outflow of material through the riser. 3

Fig. 2 zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Steigrohres 3. Die Wandung des Steigrohrs besteht aus Keramik oder Feuerbeton. Das Steigrohrinnere 30 enthält drei Abschnitte, nämlich einen einlaufseitigen Drosselabschnitt 31, einen Verbindungsdiffusorabschnitt 32 und einen auslaufseitigen Rohrabschnitt 33. Die Drossel 31 verzögert den Abfluss der Metallschmelze bei Druckaufbau in dem Gehäuse 1, so dass man mittels der Druckzuführungseinrichtung 4 eine gewünschte Höhe des Überdrucks im Gehäuse 1 einstellen kann. Alsdann wirkt die Drossel 31 als Messblende, d. h. bei eingestelltem, konstantem Druck fließt ein in etwa konstanter Strom durch das Steigrohr 3. Fig. 2 shows the basic structure of a riser 3. The wall of the riser is made of ceramic or fireproof concrete. The riser interior 30 includes three sections, namely an inlet side throttle section 31, a Connecting diffuser section 32 and an outlet-side pipe section 33. The throttle 31 delays the outflow of the molten metal at pressure build-up in the housing 1, so that one can set a desired level of overpressure in the housing 1 by means of the pressure supply means 4. Then, the throttle 31 acts as a metering orifice, that is, when set, constant pressure flows in an approximately constant current through the riser. 3

Bevor es jedoch zu diesem konstanten, geförderten Strom kommt, muss der Strom vom Wert Null auf den gewünschten Wert angestoßen werden, wobei es zu Einschwingvorgängen kommen kann. Fig. 3 zeigt das Verhalten des Massenstroms bei einem konventionellen Steigrohr der Kalottenform. Es bilden sich Überschwingvorgänge heraus, bevor sich der in etwa konstante Massenstrom ergibt. Demgegenüber zeigt Fig. 4 das Verhalten des Massenstroms bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Steigrohr. Wie deutlich sichtbar, verläuft der Einschwingvorgang praktisch aperiodisch, d. h. es treten keine Überschwingvorgänge auf.However, before this constant, subsidized current comes, the current must be triggered by the value zero to the desired value, which can lead to transient processes. Fig. 3 shows the behavior of the mass flow in a conventional riser of the dome shape. Overshoot processes are formed before the roughly constant mass flow results. In contrast, shows Fig. 4 the behavior of the mass flow in a riser according to the invention. As clearly visible, the transient process is practically aperiodic, ie there are no overshoots.

Die Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Steigrohrs wird anhand der Fig. 5 und 6 beschrieben. Das Steigrohrinnere 30 ist durch eine Schlichtbearbeitung geglättet. Es können die drei Abschnitte Drossel 31, Diffusor 32 und Rohrabschnitt 33 unterschieden werden, deren Längen mit L31 bzw. L32 bzw. L33 gekennzeichnet sind. Der Einlaufdurchmesser ist mit Di und der Auslaufdurchmesser mit Do bezeichnet. Der Außendurchmesser des Steigrohrs beträgt Da. Der Drosselabschnitt 31 ist rundzylindrisch und geht kantenlos mit einem Abrundungsradius R1 in den konischen Diffusorabschnitt 32 über. Der Rohrabschnitt 33 ist mit einem Öffnungswinkel von 1° zum Auslauf hin leicht konisch und geht kantenlos mit einem Abrundungsradius R2 in den Diffusorabschnitt 32 über. Die inneren Schnittlinien im axialen Längsschnitt durch das Steigrohr 3 sind stetig differenzierbar und sind im Diffusorabschnitt 32 allgemein S-förmig. Die Radien R1 und R2 können so gewählt werden, dass die mit ihnen erzeugten Rundungen, welche Teile von Torusflächen darstellen, tangential ineinander übergehen, d. h. im axialen Schnitt einen Wendepunkt bilden, an welchem der maximale Konusöffnungswinkel α des Diffusorabschnitts 32 gemessen werden kann. Es ist aber auch möglich, eine Konusfläche des Winkels α mit geraden Mantellinien zu bilden, die tangential in die durch die Radien R1, R2 gebildeten Torusflächen übergehen. Die Außenform des Steigrohres 3 kann abgerundet oder, wie dargestellt, kantig sein. Jedoch sollte eingangsseitig beim Übergang der Außenfläche zur Innenfläche des Steigrohres eine scharfe Umlaufkante 34 vorgesehen sein, und ausgangsseitig sollte keine "Stolperkante" zu einem weiterführenden Rohr gegeben sein, was eine weitere scharfe Umlaufkante 35 bedingt.The formation of the riser according to the invention is based on the FIGS. 5 and 6 described. The riser interior 30 is smoothed by a finishing treatment. The three sections throttle 31, diffuser 32 and pipe section 33 can be distinguished, the lengths of which are marked L31, L32 and L33. The inlet diameter is denoted by Di and the outlet diameter by Do. The outer diameter of the riser is Da. The throttle section 31 is round cylindrical and merges without edges with a rounding radius R1 into the conical diffuser section 32. The pipe section 33 is slightly conical with an opening angle of 1 ° to the outlet and merges edgewise with a rounding radius R2 into the diffuser section 32. The inner cutting lines in the axial longitudinal section through the riser pipe 3 are continuously differentiable and are generally S-shaped in the diffuser section 32. The radii R1 and R2 can be selected so that the curves generated by them, which are parts of torus surfaces, tangentially merge into each other, ie form an inflection point in axial section, at which the maximum cone opening angle α of the diffuser section 32 can be measured. However, it is also possible to form a conical surface of the angle α with straight generatrices that merge tangentially into the torus surfaces formed by the radii R 1 , R 2 . The outer shape of the riser pipe 3 may be rounded or, as shown, be edged. However, on the input side should be provided at the transition of the outer surface to the inner surface of the riser a sharp peripheral edge 34, and the output side should be no "tripping edge" given to a secondary pipe, which requires a further sharp peripheral edge 35.

Steigrohre gibt es unter anderem mit einer Gesamtlänge L von 570 mm. Zu den Nenngrößen bei Steigrohren zählt noch der Außendurchmesser Da sowie die Innendurchmesser Do und Di am Auslass und Einlass des Steigrohres. Ausgehend von einer Gesamtlänge L = 570 mm liegt der Außendurchmesser Da im Bereich von 65 bis 130 mm. Der Auslassdurchmesser Do liegt im Bereich von 40 bis 80 mm und der Einlassdurchmesser Di im Bereich von 12 bis 40mm. Es versteht sich, dass die jeweils kleineren Werte der Durchmesser miteinander und die jeweils größeren Durchmesser miteinander kombiniert sind.Riser pipes are available with a total length L of 570 mm. The nominal sizes of riser pipes include the outer diameter Da as well as the inner diameters Do and Di at the outlet and inlet of the riser. Starting from a total length L = 570 mm, the outer diameter Da is in the range of 65 to 130 mm. The outlet diameter Do is in the range of 40 to 80 mm and the inlet diameter Di is in the range of 12 to 40 mm. It is understood that the respective smaller values of the diameter are combined with each other and the respective larger diameter.

Bei dem in Fig. 5 dargestellten Steigrohr beträgt der Auslassdurchmesser Do = 40 mm, und der Einlassdurchmesser Di = 16 mm, während L31 = 15 mm und L32 = 55 mm betragen. Die Abrundungsradien betragen R1 = 150 mm und R2 = 250 mm. Der maximale Öffnungswinkel α des Diffusors 32 beträgt etwa 10°.At the in Fig. 5 The outlet diameter Do = 40 mm and the inlet diameter Di = 16 mm, while L31 = 15 mm and L32 = 55 mm. The radii of curvature are R1 = 150 mm and R2 = 250 mm. The maximum opening angle α of the diffuser 32 is about 10 °.

Für die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 6 ergeben sich folgende Werte:

  • L = 570 mm; Da = 120 mm; Do = 65 mm; Di = 21 mm;
  • L31 = 20 mm; L32 = 105 mm; R1 = 150 mm; R2 = 250 mm, α = 14°.
For the embodiment according to Fig. 6 the following values result:
  • L = 570 mm; Da = 120 mm; Do = 65 mm; Di = 21 mm;
  • L31 = 20 mm; L32 = 105 mm; R1 = 150 mm; R2 = 250 mm, α = 14 °.

Von den angegebenen Werten kann abgewichen werden. So braucht der Drosselabschnitt 31 nicht streng zylindrisch zu sein, vielmehr ist eine leicht konische Form zulässig. Der in Achsrichtung gemessene Wandwinkel im Drosselabschnitt kann im Bereich von 0 bis 1° gewählt werden. Auch für den Konusöffnungswinkel des Diffusors 32 gibt es einen bevorzugten Bereich, der von 8° bis 16° reicht. Für den Rohrabschnitt 33 wird ein Wandwinkel im Bereich von 0,5° bis 2° gewählt, was die Reinigung des Steigrohres von fest gewordener Metallschmelze erleichtert. Der erste Abrundungsradius R1 ist vorzugsweise größer als 30 mm und kann im Bereich von 100 bis 200 mm liegen und der zweite Abrundungsradius R2 ist vorzugsweise größer als 50 mm und kann im Bereich von 200 bis 300 mm gewählt werden.You can deviate from the given values. Thus, the throttle portion 31 does not need to be strictly cylindrical, but a slightly conical shape is permissible. The measured in the axial direction wall angle in the throttle section can be selected in the range of 0 to 1 °. Also, for the cone opening angle of the diffuser 32, there is a preferred range ranging from 8 ° to 16 °. For the pipe section 33, a wall angle in the range of 0.5 ° to 2 ° is selected, which facilitates the cleaning of the riser of solidified molten metal. The first rounding radius R1 is preferably greater than 30 mm and may be in the range of 100 to 200 mm and the second rounding radius R2 is preferably greater than 50 mm and may be selected in the range of 200 to 300 mm.

Infolge der Geometrie des neuen Steigrohres und den bei Dosieröfen üblichen Förderdrücken wird eine laminare Strömung im Steigrohrinneren erzielt, was dazu führt, dass die Größe des Stromes bei dem neuen Steigrohr erhöht ist. Während beispielsweise ein Standardsteigrohr in Kalottenform der Nenngröße 570 x 85 / 65 x 21 (L x Da / Do x Di) einen Massestrom von knapp 100 kg/min bei 60 mbar Förderdruck aufweist, zeigt das neue strömungsoptimierte Steigrohr mit den gleichen Nennmaßen bei gleichem Förderdruck einen Massenstrom von 120 kg/min. Es darf angenommen werden, dass diese Erhöhung der Stromrate und das verbesserte Einschwingverhalten auf die Vermeidung von Wirbelbildungen bzw. Turbulenzen in den einzelnen Abschnitten (Drossel, Diffusor, Rohrabschnitt) innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Steigrohrs zurückzuführen ist.Due to the geometry of the new riser pipe and the usual in metering furnaces feed a laminar flow in the riser interior is achieved, which means that the size of the stream is increased in the new riser. For example, while a standard riser in dome shape of nominal size 570 x 85/65 x 21 (L x Da / Th x Di) has a mass flow of almost 100 kg / min at 60 mbar discharge pressure, the new flow-optimized riser with the same nominal dimensions at the same delivery pressure shows a mass flow of 120 kg / min. It may be assumed that this increase in the flow rate and the improved transient response to the avoidance of vortices or turbulence in the individual sections (throttle, diffuser, pipe section) is due within the riser pipe according to the invention.

Bei einem Dosierofen gibt es einen Gesamtbereich von abgemessenen Portionen, der üblicherweise mit einem Satz von Steigrohren unterschiedlichen Kalibers abgedeckt wird. Indem das neue strömungsoptimierte Steigrohr einen erhöhten Durchsatz zeigt, kann man den Gesamtbereich der abzumessenden Portionen mit weniger Steigrohren in dem Satz abdecken als bisher. Bei einem Dosierofen marktüblicher Größe kann man mit fünf Steigrohren (statt bisher sieben oder acht Steigrohren) in dem Satz auskommen, die folgende Abmessungen aufweisen: Nr. Gesamtlänge (L) max.Außendurchmesser (Da) max.Innendurchmesser (Do) Einlaufdurchmesser (Di) 1 570 90 40 16 2 570 120 65 21 3 570 120 65 24 4 570 120 65 35 5 570 120 65 40 Nr. Länge der Drossel (L31) erster Abrundungsradius (R1) zweiter Abrundungsradius (R2) Länge des Diffusors etwa 1 15 150 250 55 2 20 150 250 105 3 25 150 250 100 4 35 150 250 90 5 40 150 250 85 A metering furnace has a total range of metered portions that is usually covered with a set of risers of different calibers. By the new flow-optimized riser shows an increased throughput, you can cover the entire area of the portions to be measured with fewer risers in the sentence than before. In a dosing furnace of commercial size can be with five risers (instead of previously seven or eight risers) get along in the sentence, which have the following dimensions: No. Total length (L) max outside diameter (Da) max.in diameter (Th) Inlet diameter (Di) 1 570 90 40 16 2 570 120 65 21 3 570 120 65 24 4 570 120 65 35 5 570 120 65 40 No. Length of throttle (L31) first rounding radius (R1) second rounding radius (R2) Length of the diffuser about 1 15 150 250 55 2 20 150 250 105 3 25 150 250 100 4 35 150 250 90 5 40 150 250 85

Beim Gebrauch der Steigrohre 3 setzt sich Schmelze an den Rohrwandungen fest, die einen unerwünschten Überzug des Rohrinneren 30 ergeben. Deshalb wird solcher Überzug von Zeit zu Zeit entfernt, was mit einem in Fig. 7 dargestellten Werkzeug 7 geschehen kann. Dieses weist eine Stange 70 mit Griff 71 und einem Schaber 72 auf, der als Halbrundscheibe mit einem Radius passend zum Einlaufdurchmesser des betreffenden Steigrohrs 3 ausgebildet ist. Auch der Durchmesser der Stange 70 kann in Abhängigkeit von der Steigrohrgröße passend gewählt werden. Da das Innere 30 des Steigrohres kantenlos ist, wird die Gefahr des heftigen Anschlagens des Schabers 72 am Rohrwandinneren infolge Trägheitskräften beim Richtungswechsel an Kanten vermieden, so dass Beschädigungen der Rohrinnenwand beim Reinigen des Steigrohrs weitgehend vermieden werden.When using the riser pipes 3 melt is fixed to the pipe walls, which give an undesirable coating of the tube interior 30. Therefore, such coating is removed from time to time, what with a in Fig. 7 shown tool 7 can be done. This has a rod 70 with handle 71 and a scraper 72 which is formed as a half-round disc with a radius matching the inlet diameter of the respective riser pipe 3. Also, the diameter of the rod 70 can be selected as a function of the riser size. Since the interior 30 of the riser is edgeless, the risk of violent abutment of the scraper 72 on the pipe wall interior due to inertial forces when changing direction is avoided on edges, so that damage to the pipe inner wall when cleaning the riser are largely avoided.

Statt einer Halbrundscheibe als Schaber 72 kann auch ein ahlenartiger Formschaber benutzt werden, der an die S-förmige Krümmung je eines Steigrohrinneren 30 angepasst ist,um die gewünschte Geometrie des Steigrohrinneren bei jedem Reinigungsvorgang immer wieder herauszuarbeiten.Instead of a half-round disc as a scraper 72 and a Ahlenartiger forming scraper can be used, which is adapted to the S-shaped curvature of each one riser interior 30 to work out the desired geometry of the riser inside each time cleaning process again.

Claims (11)

  1. Rising pipe for use in a dosing furnace for delivering measured portions of molten metal,
    comprising a rising pipe inner (30) which has a throttling section (31) on the inlet side with an inlet diameter (Di) and a pipe section (33) with an outlet diameter (Do), which are connected to each other by a diffuser section (32), not only the inner surfaces (30) of throttling section (31) and diffuser section (32) but also those of diffuser section (32) and pipe section (33) merging smoothly into each other without forming an edge, and a continuous change in the increase in the internal diameter taking place at the transition from the throttling section (31) to the diffuser section (32) and at the transition from the diffuser section (32) to the pipe section (33).
  2. Rising pipe according to Claim 1, the throttling section (31) on the inlet side forming a channel with a substantially constant inlet diameter (Di),
    the diffuser section (32) having a generally conical shape, adjoining the throttling section (31) and forming a widening region of the inner surface (30) of the rising pipe (3),
    the pipe section (33) adjoining the diffuser section and forming an outlet channel with an outlet diameter (Do),
    the throttling section (31) on the inlet side merging into the diffuser section (32) without an edge but with a first rounding radius (R1) in order to effect a continuous change in the increase in the internal diameter at the transition from the throttling section (31) to the diffuser section (32), and
    the diffuser section (32) merging into the pipe section (33) without an edge but with a second rounding radius (R2) in order to effect a continuous change in the increase in the internal diameter at the transition from the diffuser section (32) to the pipe section (33).
  3. Rising pipe according to Claim 2,
    the rounding radii (R1, R2) being chosen to be large as compared with the inlet diameter (Di) or outlet diameter (Do).
  4. Rising pipe according to Claim 2 or 3,
    the first rounding radius (R1) having a value in the range from 100 to 200 mm, and the second rounding radius (R2) having a value in the range from 200 to 300 mm.
  5. Rising pipe according to one of Claims 2 to 4, the diffuser (32) having in its central region a maximum cone opening angle (α) with respect to the rising pipe axis in the range of a value from 8° to 16° and, as a result of the roundings of the wall, the cone angle (α) merging gradually into the wall angle of the throttling section (31) or the pipe section (33).
  6. Rising pipe according to one of Claims 1 to 5, the wall angle of the throttling section (31), measured with respect to the axial direction, lying in the range from 0° to 1°.
  7. Rising pipe according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
    the wall angle of the pipe section (33), measured with respect to the axial direction, lying in the range from 0.5° to 2°.
  8. Rising pipe according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
    the rising pipe (3) being formed with a sharp edge (34) at the feed into the throttling section (31).
  9. Set of rising pipes of different calibre, which are in each case coordinated so as to deliver measured portions of molten metal within an associated range of portion sizes, in order to cover an overall range of measured portions of a metering furnace,
    the individual rising pipes (3) of the set having the features of the rising pipe according to one of Claims 1 to 8.
  10. Set of rising pipes according to Claim 9,
    the set comprising five rising pipes having the following dimensions (in mm): No. Total length (L) Max. outer diameter (Da) Max. inner diameter (Do) Inlet diameter (Di) 1 570 90 40 16 2 570 120 65 21 3 570 120 65 24 4 570 120 65 35 5 570 120 65 40
    No. Length of the throttle (L31) First rounding radius (R1) Second rounding radius (R2) Length of the diffuser about 1 15 150 250 55 2 20 150 250 105 3 25 150 250 100 4 35 150 250 90 5 40 150 250 85
  11. Dosing furnace for delivering measured portions of molten metal, comprising
    a fire-resistantly lined housing (1) which forms a trough for the molten metal,
    a filling pipe (2) for feeding the molten metal into the trough,
    a rising pipe (3) for delivering portions of molten metal, and
    a pressure feeding device (4) for producing a positive pressure in the interior of the dosing furnace for the purpose of delivering a portion of molten metal in each case, the rising pipe (3) being formed in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 8.
EP08829753A 2007-09-07 2008-10-31 Rising pipe for delivering molten metal and dosing furnace with such a rising pipe Active EP2193001B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08829753T PL2193001T3 (en) 2007-09-07 2008-10-31 Rising pipe for delivering molten metal and dosing furnace with such a rising pipe

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102007042537A DE102007042537B4 (en) 2007-09-07 2007-09-07 Dosing furnace and riser for the delivery of molten metal
PCT/EP2008/009212 WO2009030513A2 (en) 2007-09-07 2008-10-31 Dosing furnace and rising pipe for delivering molten metal

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EP2193001A2 EP2193001A2 (en) 2010-06-09
EP2193001B1 true EP2193001B1 (en) 2012-06-27

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DE102010044916A1 (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Thermat Industrieofen Gmbh Funnel type filling pipe for compressed gas-operated dosing oven, has clamp that is inserted into hole provided in the nonferrous metal structure with flat gasket
CN105834399B (en) * 2016-04-11 2017-12-15 南通大学 A kind of composite low-pressure casting stalk and preparation method thereof
CN107931568A (en) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-20 福建省瑞奥麦特轻金属有限责任公司 A kind of stalk for low pressure casting

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DE1262433B (en) * 1964-02-13 1968-03-07 Licentia Gmbh Device for casting aluminum cage windings for large electric motor runners
DE10130354C1 (en) * 2001-06-23 2003-01-23 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Immersion tube used for casting molten metal comprises a tubular section extending from a filling opening for the molten metal, a funnel chamber connected to the tubular section, a removal stream opening, and a collision shoulder
US7431069B2 (en) * 2004-10-16 2008-10-07 Fu Shun Liang Method and apparatus for metal casting
WO2006092163A2 (en) 2005-02-28 2006-09-08 Oischinger Apparatebau Gmbh Metering oven
DE202005017110U1 (en) 2005-10-27 2006-02-16 Strikowestofen Gmbh Riser pipe for metering liquid metal comprises an inlet which conically tapers toward a nozzle

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EP2193001A2 (en) 2010-06-09
PL2193001T3 (en) 2012-11-30
WO2009030513A2 (en) 2009-03-12
DE102007042537A1 (en) 2009-04-02
ES2389977T3 (en) 2012-11-05
WO2009030513A3 (en) 2009-07-02

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