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EP2184536A1 - Tuyau de génération de vapeur, son procédé de fabrication et générateur de vapeur à passage unique - Google Patents

Tuyau de génération de vapeur, son procédé de fabrication et générateur de vapeur à passage unique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2184536A1
EP2184536A1 EP08015861A EP08015861A EP2184536A1 EP 2184536 A1 EP2184536 A1 EP 2184536A1 EP 08015861 A EP08015861 A EP 08015861A EP 08015861 A EP08015861 A EP 08015861A EP 2184536 A1 EP2184536 A1 EP 2184536A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
steam generator
insert
profile
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08015861A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erfindernennung liegt noch nicht vor Die
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP08015861A priority Critical patent/EP2184536A1/fr
Publication of EP2184536A1 publication Critical patent/EP2184536A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/18—Inserts, e.g. for receiving deposits from water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator tube, in which tube interior at least one tube insert is arranged to form a swirl-producing inner profile. It further relates to a continuous steam generator with such steam generator tubes. The invention further relates to a method for producing a steam generator tube provided with a swirl-producing inner profile.
  • gas-tightly welded steam generator tubes are usually used with one another via webs to form a throttle cable surrounding the combustion chamber, which are connected in parallel for the flow of a flow medium.
  • tubes with separate, separate flat iron bars in between, it is also possible to use tubes which are already factory-equipped with molded fins.
  • the steam generator tubes can be arranged vertically or obliquely.
  • the steam generator tubes are generally designed such that sufficient cooling of the steam generator tubes is ensured even at low mass flow densities of the steam generator tubes flowing medium.
  • An important design criterion is the heat transfer properties of a steam generator tube.
  • a high heat transfer allows a particularly effective heating of the medium flowing through the steam generator tube with simultaneous reliable cooling of the steam generator tube per se.
  • the heat transfer behavior of a steam generator tube can be affected by the occurrence of so-called boiling crises in fossil-heated steam generators, which are operated at subcritical pressures.
  • the pipe wall is no longer affected by the liquid flow medium - usually water - wetted and thus insufficiently cooled. Due to the higher material temperatures, the strength values of the pipe wall could then be reduced.
  • steam generator tubes which have as a result of a deformation process (eg cold drawing) on its inside a surface structure or an inner profile in the form of helically wound ribs. Due to the shape of the ribs, a swirl is impressed on the medium flowing through the steam generator tube, so that the heavier liquid phase collects on the tube inner wall as a result of the acting centrifugal forces and forms a wetting liquid film there. This ensures a sufficiently high heat transfer from the pipe inner wall to the flow medium even at comparatively high heat flux densities and low mass flow densities.
  • a deformation process eg cold drawing
  • a bore in the form of a helical winding must be used for the design of the steam generator mentioned instead of a so-called vertical bore, in which the steam generator tubes are essentially vertically guided and form the enclosing walls of the combustion chamber the steam generator tubes are selected in the combustion chamber walls.
  • the combustion chamber construction becomes undesirably more complex and complex, and due to the geometry-related larger pipe lengths, higher pressure losses must be accepted.
  • a steam generator tube in the tube interior to form a swirl-producing inner profile at least one tube insert is arranged.
  • This comprises at least one sheet metal frame with a number of large-area recesses, wherein the insert is twisted in the longitudinal direction.
  • the recesses allow the trouble-free passage of the flow medium in the longitudinal direction of the steam generator tube.
  • the invention is now based on the object of specifying a still further improved steam generator tube of the type mentioned, which has a particularly favorable heat transfer behavior in a simple and inexpensive held production and a wide range of different operating conditions. Furthermore, a production method suitable for the production of such a steam generator tube as well as a continuous steam generator are to be specified, which has a particularly simple design with high operational safety and high efficiency.
  • the tube insert is formed by a wound in the manner of a coil spring, guided on the tube inner wall profile wire.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the design of the tube insert to form the swirl-producing inner profile should consistently comply with the basic design criteria for use in the steam generator tube, namely in particular both the provision of a suitable swirl-producing inner profile by recourse on the screw contour as well as a substantial avoidance of unnecessary pressure losses, as they could arise by blocking the central flow path in the steam generator tube.
  • the design of the tube insert is essentially provided as a helical spring.
  • the tube insert and thus the profiled wire forming this can extend over the entire length of the steam generator tube away.
  • a piece or sectional introduction of the swirl-producing tube insert may be provided, preferably in particular in those zones of the steam generator tube in which the operation of the steam generator due to design is expected to be particularly high heat input due to particularly high local heating , appropriate pipe inserts are provided.
  • the dimensions of the individual components are advantageously selected correspondingly suitable.
  • the helical spring formed by the profile wire in the load-free state ie in the mechanically and thermally unloaded state, has an outer diameter that is at least 1 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the tube.
  • the components of the steam generator tube are designed such that after introduction of the tube insert in the tube interior compared to conventionally used innenberippten tubes as far as possible comparable flow and operating characteristics are obtained.
  • the profile wire advantageously has a substantially rectangular cross-section, so that after introduction of the profile wire into the tube interior, a contour similar to that of an ordinary innenberippten tube is formed.
  • flow-related parameters such as number of turns, width of the edge webs (corresponding to the rib height in finned tubes), Flank angle and sharp edge exists.
  • the spring elements which are preferably designed as flat-shaped springs, are expediently positively or positively and materially connected to the profile wire.
  • the longitudinal axis of the spring elements expediently forms an angle of about 90 ° to the pitch angle of the profile wire.
  • the respective spring element is formed in a further advantageous embodiment as a flat shape spring and has a spring leg with a length of more than the pitch of the formed by the profile wire coil spring, so that each leg is pressed laterally outwardly to the inner tube wall through the subsequent Windungsgang the coil spring and can cause a fixation there.
  • the profile wire which forms a circular ring as seen perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steam generator tube, can be arranged a single spring element or a plurality of spring elements.
  • the profile wire can be fixed at approximately the same distance from the inside of the steam generator tube.
  • the inner profile formed by the profile wire for swirl generation can be designed in the manner of a single-spring coil spring.
  • the replica of a two- or multi-start coil spring is provided, this being achievable by a plurality of guided into each other, forming in its entirety a multi-start coil spring profile wires.
  • Adjacent profile wires are advantageously connected in places by means of spacers, so that seen in the longitudinal direction of the steam generator tube results in a uniform inner profile.
  • the spacer (s) can be integrated into said spring elements in a further advantageous embodiment, so that both the fixing function on the spring effect and the positioning function on the setting of the desired distance can be ensured with a single component.
  • the effect can be exploited that, by using a separate component independent of the production of the actual steam generator tube to provide the swirl-producing inner profile, comparatively many degrees of freedom can be used in the presetting and selection of individual characteristic parameters.
  • the steam generator tube can be configured in a streamlined manner with respect to the desired phase separation, without causing inadmissible deformation forces during its production, as in the case of an internally ribbed steam generator tube.
  • phase separation caused by the swirl is particularly great in the evaporation of water when the pitch angle of the helically wound profile wire, relative to a plane perpendicular to the tube axis of the steam generator tube, is less than 50 °.
  • the steam generator tubes described here are used in a fossil-heated continuous steam generator. Due to the swirl-producing inner profile of the pipes and the associated improvements in the heat transfer behavior, a sufficient heat transfer to the flow medium and thus cooling of the pipe walls is ensured even in boiler designs with a vertical pipe arrangement ("vertical pipe").
  • a vertical pipe with a higher number of tubes and with relatively short pipe lengths allows due to the opposite obliquely or spirally arranged pipes lower flow rates and lower mass flow densities operation of the steam generator with reduced pressure loss and reduced minimum flow rate.
  • the steam generator comprehensive power plant can be designed for a lower minimum load.
  • the above-mentioned tube installations can also result in convective heating, such as is present in waste heat boilers of combined cycle power plants, due to the improved heat transfer to a reduction of the heat exchanger surface and thus to significant cost savings.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved by introducing a tubular insert formed from one or more profiled wires wound in the manner of a single or multi-start helical spring into the tube interior, by inserting the tube insert centrally by means of a number of support points via associated gripper elements in each case a screw thread of the coil spring engaging mounting rod is pulled into the pipe interior.
  • the production of said steam generator tube is a particular problem, since on the one hand for the assembly process, so the introduction of the tube insert into the pipe interior, a certain play between the pipe wall of the steam generator tube and the pipe insert must be present and roundness of the steam generator tube taken into account
  • the tube insert in the later steam generator operation should be non-positively connected to the pipe inner wall of the steam generator tube.
  • the outer diameter of the helical part formed by the profile wire is smaller than the inner diameter of the steam generator tube.
  • an assembly aid This consists expediently of a long rod on which perpendicular to the rod axis a number of rotatable webs are arranged, which engage between the helical turns of the profile wire.
  • the tube insert can be drawn into the steam generator tube, without causing elongation of the tube insert.
  • the mounting aid is rotated slightly about its longitudinal axis and pulled out in the opposite direction from the pipe interior.
  • the axial flow in the tube interior receives a twist, with which a water content contained in the steam core flow is transported to the tube wall, where it forms a water film during the entire evaporation process, thereby ensuring a particularly good cooling of the steam generator tube.
  • the advantageous for the heat transfer ring flow is not disturbed appreciably, since due to the basic structure of the tube insert in the center of the steam generator tube no internals are required.
  • the shaping of the profiled wire also increases by vortex formation, the turbulence of the flow near the wall and thereby avoids the formation of larger vapor bubbles.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a continuous steam generator 2 is shown with a rectangular cross section, the vertical throttle cable is formed by a Um drawnsungs- or combustion chamber wall 4, which merges at the lower end in a funnel-shaped bottom 6.
  • a number of burners for a fuel in each case an opening 8, only two of which are visible, mounted in the combustion chamber wall 4 composed of steam generator tubes 10.
  • the vertically arranged steam generator tubes 10 are gas-tightly welded together in the firing zone V to form an evaporator heating surface 12.
  • the firing range V of the accelerator cable there are convection heating surfaces 14. Above this there is a flue gas outlet channel 16, via which the flue gas RG produced by combustion of a fossil fuel leaves the vertical throttle cable.
  • the flowing in the steam generator tubes 10 flow medium is due to the radiant heat of the burner flames and convective heat transfer from the flue gas RG heated and evaporated.
  • the flue gas RG serves as a heating medium for the flow medium flowing into the steam generator tubes 10.
  • As the flow medium water or a water-steam mixture is provided in the embodiment.
  • one-turn boilers are also further boiler configurations, eg. B. in the manner of a two-pass boiler, possible.
  • the steam generator tubes to be described below can be used in all these variants, both in the firing area and in the rest of the flue gas duct. A use in a heat recovery steam generator is conceivable.
  • the continuous steam generator 2 is designed for operation at particularly high steam conditions, which are associated with comparatively high material stress. Accordingly, the steam generator tubes 10 are made of comparatively high strength, high alloy steel materials. In order to ensure a particularly good heat transfer to the guided in the steam generator tube 10 flow medium even with such materials that are usually not suitable for the otherwise used in tube forming techniques such as cold drawing in particular during production, the steam generator tubes 10 to produce a comparatively low mass flow density Dralls in the flow medium designed as internally ribbed tubes.
  • the tube insert 18, the in FIG. 2 in lateral view and in FIG. 3 is shown in longitudinal section, is formed by a wound in the manner of a helical spring profile wire 20, which after its introduction into the steam generator tube 10 whose Internal ribbing should form.
  • Starting point for the production of the steam generator tube 10 is thus a smooth tube into which the tube insert 18 formed by the profile wire 20 is inserted.
  • the assembled steam generator tube 10 is in cross section in FIG. 6 shown.
  • the helical spring formed by the twisted profile wire 20 is dimensioned such that its outer diameter d in cross section in the load-free state, ie in particular in the cold, unheated state and in the mechanically relaxed, undeformed state, compared to the tube inner diameter D of the steam generator tube 10 slightly, namely at least 1 mm in the embodiment, is smaller.
  • the helical spring formed by the profile wire 20 in the tube interior 22 of the steam generator tube 10 is made possible.
  • the profile wire 20 is intended to provide in the introduced into the steam generator tube 10 state of its inner ribbing for producing particularly favorable flow conditions and in particular a reliable swirl flow.
  • the profile wire 20 is designed in terms of its dimensioning and contouring, so in particular with regard to its cross-sectional profile on the one hand and in view of the characteristic parameters of the coil spring, in particular on the pitch L, on the other hand suitable.
  • the phase separation of the flow medium is particularly particularly large when the profile wire 20 has a substantially square or rectangular cross-section, preferably with side lengths of 1.5 mm or more.
  • the rectangular cross-section of the profile wire 20 is in the exemplary embodiment, in particular in the partial illustration in FIG FIG. 7 recognizable.
  • the profiling of the profiled wire 20 may also be carried out in such a way that the flow medium causes a particularly large heat transfer as a result of additional flow turbulence generated via the wire profile.
  • the angle formed by the inflow side of the profiled wire 20 with the tube inner wall 24 of the steam generator tube 10 is preferably greater than 90 °, wherein the angle formed by the outflow side of the profile wire 20 with the tube inner wall 24 of the steam generator tube 10 is smaller than 90 ° ,
  • Such a configuration or profiling of the profiled wire 20 produces demolition edges, which promote vortex formation and thus tear the boundary layer against the tube inner wall 24 of the steam generator tube 10.
  • This additional improvement of the heat transfer can be achieved by the manufacturing process in the production of the profile wire 20 - the wire cross section can be twisted in particular something - or by a suitable shaping of the wire cross section.
  • the profile wire 20 is supported on the pipe inner wall by way of a number of spring elements 30 arranged at respectively assigned support points.
  • the respective spring element 30 is formed as a flat shape spring and has a spring leg 32 with a length of more than the pitch L of the helical spring formed by the profile wire. This ensures that when the spring element 30 is hooked on one turn of the profiled wire 20, the spring leg 32 protrudes beyond the next thread, so that it, such as the representation in FIG.
  • three or more spring elements 30 may be evenly distributed around the tube circumference, so that a uniform support of the tube insert 18 can be made in all directions.
  • one or two spring elements 30 may be provided, so that the tube insert 18 is supported by the profile wire 20 itself and on the other hand by the one or more spring elements 30 relative to the tube inner wall 24.
  • FIG. 8 an alternative tube insert 18 'is shown, in which two profile wires 20 are executed nested in the manner of a nested winding.
  • FIG. 10 is shown in longitudinal section a provided with such a double-threaded winding of profile wires 20 Dampfmaschineerroh 10.
  • FIG. 9 As the associated cross-sectional views in FIG. 9 respectively.
  • FIGS. 12 to 15 Another alternative Embodiment is in the embodiment of the FIGS. 12 to 15 3, in which a further alternative tube insert 18 "in the form of a three-flight design is formed from three suitably nested profile wires 20. Otherwise, the other components correspond to the illustration according to FIGS FIGS. 12 to 15 the previous ones.
  • the respective profile wires are suitably connected to one another via suitable spacers 40 in the longitudinal direction of the steam generator tube 10.
  • suitable spacers 40 for attachment between adjacent profile wires 20 are in cross section in the FIGS. 16 to 18 shown.
  • the spacer 40 may, as FIG. 16 removable, be arranged as a simple spacer between the adjacent profile wires 20.
  • the spacer 40 is also designed in the manner of an integrated component as a spring element 30 for fixing the tube insert 18, 18 ', 18 "to the tube inner wall 24.
  • the spacer 40 In its lower portion, the spacer 40 has the spring leg 32 already mentioned.
  • Such a combined or integrated design is in FIG. 17 for a saulangines structure, so the nesting of two profile wires 20, and in FIG. 18 for a three-flighted structure comprising three profile wires 20.
  • the outer diameter d of the helical spring formed by the respective profile wire 20 is smaller than the inner diameter D of the steam generator tube 10.
  • the spring elements 30, the force-locking connection between The tube insert 18, 18 ', 18 "and the steam generator tube 10 can thus exert a force on the profile wire 20 in the direction of the tube axis during the assembly process due to friction, which can lead to a local or global elongation of the tube insert 18.
  • the mounting aid 50 is provided.
  • This consists of a long rod 52, on which a number of rotatable webs 54 is arranged perpendicular to the rod axis, which, if necessary, between the helical turns of the respective profile wire 20 engage.
  • the webs 54 are designed to be tiltable such that upon loading of the mounting aid 50 in the pulling direction, that is, in the embodiment upwards, the webs 54 engage in the wire windings and thus take them along. In a movement of the mounting aid 50 in the opposite direction, however, the webs 54 fold away, so that the mounting aid 20 can be guided in the appropriate direction through the pipe insert 18.
  • the tube insert 18, 18 ', 18 "can be drawn into the tube interior 24 of the steam generator tube 10, without that it can lead to an elongation of the tube insert 18, 18', 18".

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP08015861A 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Tuyau de génération de vapeur, son procédé de fabrication et générateur de vapeur à passage unique Ceased EP2184536A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08015861A EP2184536A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Tuyau de génération de vapeur, son procédé de fabrication et générateur de vapeur à passage unique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08015861A EP2184536A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Tuyau de génération de vapeur, son procédé de fabrication et générateur de vapeur à passage unique

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EP2184536A1 true EP2184536A1 (fr) 2010-05-12

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EP08015861A Ceased EP2184536A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Tuyau de génération de vapeur, son procédé de fabrication et générateur de vapeur à passage unique

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2390567A1 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2011-11-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de fabrication de corps d'insertion pour tuyaux de génération de vapeur
EP2390566A1 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2011-11-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de fabrication de corps d'insertion pour tuyaux de génération de vapeur

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB390347A (en) * 1932-05-30 1933-04-06 Arthur Kuhlmann Arrangement for producing helical flow of gases, steam and liquids
FR1433888A (fr) * 1965-05-14 1966-04-01 Dispositif supprimant les vaporisations instantanées dans les tubes de chaudières
DE1501458A1 (de) * 1965-12-27 1969-10-30 American Radiator & Standard Waermetauschvorrichtung
FR1592381A (fr) * 1968-11-20 1970-05-11
FR1593142A (fr) * 1968-11-08 1970-05-25
US20040069244A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-15 Schroeder Joseph E. Once-through evaporator for a steam generator
EP1793164A1 (fr) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB390347A (en) * 1932-05-30 1933-04-06 Arthur Kuhlmann Arrangement for producing helical flow of gases, steam and liquids
FR1433888A (fr) * 1965-05-14 1966-04-01 Dispositif supprimant les vaporisations instantanées dans les tubes de chaudières
DE1501458A1 (de) * 1965-12-27 1969-10-30 American Radiator & Standard Waermetauschvorrichtung
FR1593142A (fr) * 1968-11-08 1970-05-25
FR1592381A (fr) * 1968-11-20 1970-05-11
US20040069244A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-15 Schroeder Joseph E. Once-through evaporator for a steam generator
EP1793164A1 (fr) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Tube de générateur de vapeur, procédé de fabrication associé et chaudière à vapeur à passage unique

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2390567A1 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2011-11-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de fabrication de corps d'insertion pour tuyaux de génération de vapeur
EP2390566A1 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2011-11-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de fabrication de corps d'insertion pour tuyaux de génération de vapeur
WO2011151133A3 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2012-08-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour réaliser des corps encastrés destinés à des tubes de production de vapeur
WO2011151135A3 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2012-10-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication de tubes de générateur de vapeur
US8621905B2 (en) 2010-05-31 2014-01-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for producing inserts for steam generator tubes
AU2011260510B2 (en) * 2010-05-31 2014-03-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing steam generator tubes

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