EP2155189A2 - Direct dissolution of docetaxel in a solvent in polysorbate 80 - Google Patents
Direct dissolution of docetaxel in a solvent in polysorbate 80Info
- Publication number
- EP2155189A2 EP2155189A2 EP08805654A EP08805654A EP2155189A2 EP 2155189 A2 EP2155189 A2 EP 2155189A2 EP 08805654 A EP08805654 A EP 08805654A EP 08805654 A EP08805654 A EP 08805654A EP 2155189 A2 EP2155189 A2 EP 2155189A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- docetaxel
- polysorbate
- solvent
- solution
- acetonitrile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229960003668 docetaxel Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(O)=O BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMF Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)O1 GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- XCDIRYDKECHIPE-QHEQPUDQSA-N docetaxel trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCDIRYDKECHIPE-QHEQPUDQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950010692 docetaxel trihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001348 alkyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/337—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having four-membered rings, e.g. taxol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D305/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D305/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel process for preparing a solution of docetaxel " in polysorbate 80.
- It relates, according to a first means of implementing the invention, more particularly the solubilization of docetaxel in an organic solvent, its mixture with polysorbate 80 and the evaporation of the solvent.
- the ethanol used in the final formulation of the commercial composition containing docetaxel is not the only solvent usable in the context of the present invention.
- solvents capable of solubilizing docetaxel and miscible in all proportions with polysorbate are usable. It is thus possible to use solvents having a boiling point of between 40 and 153 ° C. at atmospheric pressure, among these solvents, mention may be made of chloroalkanes and in particular dichloromethane, chloroform, amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, esters such ethyl acetate, ketones such as acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, nitriles such as acetonitrile.
- the preferred solvents are selected from acetone, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, dimethylformamide.
- the docetaxel used as raw material in the context of the present invention may be an amorphous docetaxel or a crystallized docetaxel in any form such as an acetonate, an alcoholate, a hydrate or a crystal with acetonitrile.
- the process according to the invention is not limited to the dissolution of docetaxel in solid form in a solvent followed by the addition of polysorbate and distillation of the solvent but may also consist in using the docetaxel solution obtained at the outlet of a purification column.
- This solution may be a solution of docetaxel in a single solvent such as ethyl acetate, acetone, methylene chloride, or tetrahydrofuran, but may also be a solution in a mixture of the solvents mentioned above.
- This column is usually made of a silica column but any other material for purification is usable.
- a silica and in particular a silica sold under the trade name Lichrospher.
- a Lichrospher silica with a particle diameter of 12 ⁇ m is most preferably used.
- the docetaxel solution to be purified is preferably a solution of docetaxel in ethyl acetate or a mixture of ethyl acecate with a hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane, hexanes or toluene.
- the solution from the purification column if the docetaxel content has the required purity, can be mixed directly with the polysorbate and the solvent (s) evaporated (s) without intermediate step of crystallization of docetaxel in any solvate form. This presents a considerable advantage from the economic point of view.
- docetaxel trihydrate 4.3320 g of docetaxel trihydrate are dissolved in 37.9 g of absolute ethanol, 108.0 g of polysorbate 80 are added dropwise, and a large foam appears. It is distilled under a pressure of 50 mbar with a bath temperature of 40 ° C. After 4 hours and 10 minutes of distillation, 33.9 g of distillate and 167.8 g (to be verified) of docetaxel solution in polysorbate are obtained. containing less than 0.01% ethanol and 0.28% impurities.
- the method consists in the deprotection (detaching) of the docetaxel diprotected in prosition 7 and 10 to give docetaxel which is isolated by crystallization in a toluene / acetonitrile mixture.
- 90OmL of ethyl acetate, 7.8 mg of 4-methoxyphenol and 78 g of docetaxel di were charged. protected by a trichlroethoxycarbonyl group.
- the reaction medium is stirred and then distilled under reduced pressure 12OmL of ethyl acetate. Back at 23 ° C, 37g of zinc is charged. 74 g of acetic acid are then poured while maintaining the temperature at 25 ⁇ 2 ° C.
- docetaxel trihydrate 4.33 g of docetaxel trihydrate are dissolved in 165.4 g of dichloromethane, 108.0 g of polysorbate 80 are added dropwise. It is distilled under a pressure of 84 mbar with a bath temperature of 38 ° C. After 5 hours 5 minutes of distillation, 101.2 g of docetaxel solute are obtained in the polysorbate containing 0.11% of dichloromethane and 0.35% of impurities.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0704095A FR2917088B1 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2007-06-08 | DIRECT DISSOLUTION OF DOCETAXEL IN A SOLVENT IN POLYSORBATE 80 |
| PCT/FR2008/000766 WO2009004188A2 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2008-06-06 | Direct dissolution of docetaxel in a solvent in polysorbate 80 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2155189A2 true EP2155189A2 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
Family
ID=39048780
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08805654A Withdrawn EP2155189A2 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2008-06-06 | Direct dissolution of docetaxel in a solvent in polysorbate 80 |
Country Status (32)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100197776A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2155189A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2010529094A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20100022033A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN101677986A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR066889A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2008270141A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0812438A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2689466A1 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2008001650A1 (en) |
| CO (1) | CO6260063A2 (en) |
| CR (1) | CR11144A (en) |
| DO (1) | DOP2009000249A (en) |
| EA (1) | EA200971137A1 (en) |
| EC (1) | ECSP099789A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2917088B1 (en) |
| GT (1) | GT200900306A (en) |
| HN (1) | HN2009003363A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL202517A0 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA31671B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2009013216A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY151417A (en) |
| NI (1) | NI200900209A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ581634A (en) |
| PA (1) | PA8783101A1 (en) |
| SV (1) | SV2009003428A (en) |
| TN (1) | TN2009000396A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200916095A (en) |
| UA (1) | UA99828C2 (en) |
| UY (1) | UY31129A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009004188A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200908662B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011248449B2 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2016-09-15 | Teikoku Pharma Usa, Inc. | Non-aqueous taxane pro-emulsion formulations and methods of making and using the same |
| JO3685B1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2020-08-27 | Teikoku Pharma Usa Inc | Non-aqueous taxane nanodispersion formulations and methods of using the same |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2678833B1 (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1995-04-07 | Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa | NEW PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS BASED ON DERIVATIVES OF THE TAXANE CLASS. |
| US6040330A (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-03-21 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical formulations of taxanes |
| GB9920548D0 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 1999-11-03 | Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa | Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma |
| US20020041898A1 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2002-04-11 | Unger Evan C. | Novel targeted delivery systems for bioactive agents |
| US6838569B2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2005-01-04 | Dabur India Limited | Process for preparation of paclitaxel trihydrate and docetaxel trihydrate |
| JPWO2006057429A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2008-06-05 | ナノキャリア株式会社 | Methods for changing the morphology of block copolymers |
| BRPI0600194A (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2007-10-23 | Quiral Quimica Do Brasil S A | docetaxel-containing pharmaceutical compositions and a degradation inhibitor and process for obtaining same |
-
2007
- 2007-06-08 FR FR0704095A patent/FR2917088B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-06-05 CL CL2008001650A patent/CL2008001650A1/en unknown
- 2008-06-06 WO PCT/FR2008/000766 patent/WO2009004188A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-06 UY UY31129A patent/UY31129A1/en unknown
- 2008-06-06 AR ARP080102412A patent/AR066889A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-06 UA UAA200913326A patent/UA99828C2/en unknown
- 2008-06-06 JP JP2010510844A patent/JP2010529094A/en active Pending
- 2008-06-06 EA EA200971137A patent/EA200971137A1/en unknown
- 2008-06-06 MX MX2009013216A patent/MX2009013216A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-06 MY MYPI20095154 patent/MY151417A/en unknown
- 2008-06-06 BR BRPI0812438-8A2A patent/BRPI0812438A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-06 KR KR1020097025515A patent/KR20100022033A/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-06 AU AU2008270141A patent/AU2008270141A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-06-06 PA PA20088783101A patent/PA8783101A1/en unknown
- 2008-06-06 NZ NZ581634A patent/NZ581634A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-06 TW TW097121332A patent/TW200916095A/en unknown
- 2008-06-06 CN CN200880019286A patent/CN101677986A/en active Pending
- 2008-06-06 EP EP08805654A patent/EP2155189A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-06 CN CN2012103564971A patent/CN102908309A/en active Pending
- 2008-06-06 CA CA002689466A patent/CA2689466A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-09-30 TN TNP2009000396A patent/TN2009000396A1/en unknown
- 2009-10-22 DO DO2009000249A patent/DOP2009000249A/en unknown
- 2009-10-28 CO CO09121683A patent/CO6260063A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-11-23 US US12/623,547 patent/US20100197776A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-11-26 GT GT200900306A patent/GT200900306A/en unknown
- 2009-12-03 NI NI200900209A patent/NI200900209A/en unknown
- 2009-12-03 SV SV2009003428A patent/SV2009003428A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-12-03 IL IL202517A patent/IL202517A0/en unknown
- 2009-12-03 CR CR11144A patent/CR11144A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-12-07 ZA ZA2009/08662A patent/ZA200908662B/en unknown
- 2009-12-07 HN HN2009003363A patent/HN2009003363A/en unknown
- 2009-12-08 EC EC2009009789A patent/ECSP099789A/en unknown
-
2010
- 2010-01-07 MA MA32495A patent/MA31671B1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009004188A2 * |
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