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EP2038954A2 - Pile à combustible fonctionnant au silane - Google Patents

Pile à combustible fonctionnant au silane

Info

Publication number
EP2038954A2
EP2038954A2 EP07785579A EP07785579A EP2038954A2 EP 2038954 A2 EP2038954 A2 EP 2038954A2 EP 07785579 A EP07785579 A EP 07785579A EP 07785579 A EP07785579 A EP 07785579A EP 2038954 A2 EP2038954 A2 EP 2038954A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silane
hydrogen
fuel cell
silicon
pyrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07785579A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Mennel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HAMANN FACTORING LTD.
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2038954A2 publication Critical patent/EP2038954A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/02—Silicon
    • C01B33/037—Purification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • Silicon is a carbon-related element. It is used for many purposes only in a high purity state, e.g. in semiconductor technology and in use for solar cells. For such purposes so-called “wavers” are sawn from long poles of high-purity silicon. These are thin plates from which computer chips are then made.
  • silicon compounds are commercially available, mostly halosilanes and organylsilanes.
  • thin silicon layers are produced on a carrier material by vapor deposition. That is, the substituents of silicon (e.g., chlorine, methyl groups, hydrogen) are separated by pyrolysis or gas discharge, and the pure silicon remains on the carrier. For example, most solar cells are coated with silicon.
  • silane which serves to apply silicon to a support, means that the released hydrogen is only a waste product.
  • Silane is burned as fuel. It is burned with the oxygen and the nitrogen of the air to the chemically dead compounds silicon oxide and silicon nitride. But that did not get beyond the experimental stage. The main disadvantage of this use is that valuable silicon is lost as fuel.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET The invention has as its object to use silanes so that their hydrogen is available and the silicon is retained.
  • silanes are used by way of pyrolysis (claim 1).
  • Pyrolysis is a collective chemical term for the heat decomposition of substances with the exclusion of oxygen or air.
  • silanes can be used, the raw material was contaminated silicon, which would be unsuitable for the processes described above. This is because each pyrolysis has a purifying effect with the result that the silicon is more pure after pyrolysis than before (claim 2). In this way, the use of silane according to the invention results in the formation of silicon with such a high degree of purity that it is suitable as a starting material for the semiconductor industry and for coating processes.
  • silanes with a chain length of up to five silicon atoms, which are already liquid, can still be self-igniting.
  • silane from cyclopentasilane and hexasilane is no longer self-igniting.
  • these longer-chain polysilanes can be handled in the same way as conventional liquid fuels such as gasoline or alcohol (claim 3).
  • the Müller-Rochow synthesis is state of the art. Thereafter, silicon is digested with chloromethane and there are various chloro-methyl silanes. In a downstream process, hydrogen is now added in excess. According to the law of mass action, this leads to a part of the chloro-methyl-silanes being converted into "pure" hydrogensilanes, which can be distilled or filtered from the reaction mixture (claim 4).
  • a further modification of the Müller-Rochow synthesis is alternatively proposed: For finely pulverized fluidized silicon, hydrogen gas is already introduced in the first process step (claim 5).
  • silane according to the invention lends itself to fuel cells (1) (claim 7). Hydrogen obtained by pyrolysis of the silane is introduced into the fuel cell through a hydrogen line (2). With the air introduced through the air line (3), electric current is generated, which is discharged through a power line (4), and water, which flows through a water pipe (5).
  • Silanes can also be used according to the invention in mobile fuel cells, in particular in the motor vehicle sector, the use of silanes with a higher chain length starting from cyclopentasilane or hexasilane and upwards being generally advantageous (claim 9).
  • the silane is passed through a Silanleirung (6) to a pyrolysis chamber (7), in which the pyrolysis proceeds with the result that atomic solid silicon and hydrogen gas are released there. (Claim 10).
  • a silane tank (8) from which the Silan effet (6) to the pyrolysis (7) leads (claim 11).
  • the pyrolysis space and fuel cell have a common wall (9) at least where the fuel cell heats up during operation (claim 12).
  • this common wall (9) consists of a good heat-conducting material (claim 13).
  • a separating device 10 is provided (claim 14). It is proposed as a hydrogen diffusion-permeable membrane, electrostatic precipitator or centrifuge, wherein it is also proposed to be advantageous to close such separation devices in series one behind the other (claim 15).
  • the silicon dust is collected in a Feststoffsammeiraum (11) and is taken from there (claims 16, 19 and 21).
  • Pyrolysis starts at a certain operating temperature, which is higher than the usual ambient temperature.
  • a hydrogen branch line (12) the mouth of which is expediently mounted in the region of the introduction of hydrogen into the fuel cell, ie in the region in which the hydrogen is already completely separated from the solid.
  • This hydrogen branch line opens into a hydrogen storage (13), in which the hydrogen is collected.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Les silanes sont, entre autres applications, employés pour le revêtement avec du silicium. L'utilisation en tant que source d'énergie pour la combustion avec de l'air est également connue. Dans le cas de la première utilisation, de l'hydrogène est perdu en tant que déchet, et du silicium est perdu dans le cas de la deuxième utilisation. Selon l'invention, du silane est employé avec la pyrolyse pour la production d'hydrogène et simultanément pour le lavage de silicium, de préférence pour l'utilisation de piles à combustible avec de l'hydrogène.
EP07785579A 2006-06-30 2007-06-28 Pile à combustible fonctionnant au silane Withdrawn EP2038954A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006030798A DE102006030798B4 (de) 2006-06-30 2006-06-30 Verwendung von Silanen als chemische Wasserstoffspeicher und silanbetriebenes Brennstoffzellensystem
PCT/DE2007/001146 WO2008000241A2 (fr) 2006-06-30 2007-06-28 Pile à combustible fonctionnant au silane

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2038954A2 true EP2038954A2 (fr) 2009-03-25

Family

ID=38608421

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07785579A Withdrawn EP2038954A2 (fr) 2006-06-30 2007-06-28 Pile à combustible fonctionnant au silane

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2038954A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006030798B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008000241A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006039869A1 (de) * 2006-08-03 2008-02-21 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Versorgung einer Brennstoffzelle mit Wasserstoff mittels Silanen oder Polysilanen
CA2789844C (fr) 2010-02-15 2016-10-18 Universite D'aix-Marseille Procede catalyse par oxyde de phosphine pour obtention d'hydrogene de derives de silyles comme porteurs d'hydrogene
DE112011104220A5 (de) 2010-07-16 2013-10-02 Ernst Oepen Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff und/oder Silan
DE102010032075A1 (de) 2010-07-23 2012-01-26 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Wasserstofferzeugung mittels hydrierten Polysilanen zum Betrieb von Brennstoffzellen
EP3659964A1 (fr) 2018-11-28 2020-06-03 Hysilabs, SAS Procédé catalysé de production d'hydrogène à partir de dérivés silylés en tant que composés porteurs d'hydrogène

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4459163A (en) * 1981-03-11 1984-07-10 Chronar Corporation Amorphous semiconductor method
US4354987A (en) * 1981-03-31 1982-10-19 Union Carbide Corporation Consolidation of high purity silicon powder
US4341749A (en) * 1981-08-14 1982-07-27 Union Carbide Corporation Heating method for silane pyrolysis reactor
WO1984000156A1 (fr) * 1982-06-22 1984-01-19 Harry Levin Dispositif et procede de production de silicium de purete elevee pour cellules solaires
US5910295A (en) * 1997-11-10 1999-06-08 Memc Electronic Materials, Inc. Closed loop process for producing polycrystalline silicon and fumed silica
CA2308514A1 (fr) * 2000-05-12 2001-11-12 Mcgill University Methode de production d'hydrogene pour des applications de pile a combustible et un systeme de production d'hydrogene
DE10059625A1 (de) * 2000-09-18 2002-05-16 Peter Plichta Verfahren zur Herstellung von Höheren Silanen im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendung als Treibstoffe
DE10124848A1 (de) * 2001-05-22 2002-11-28 Solarworld Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochreinem, granularem Silizium in einer Wirbelschicht
DE10164086A1 (de) * 2001-12-24 2003-08-14 Invertec E V Verfahren zur zweistufigen Herstellung von polykristallinem Reinst-Silicium
DE102004014092B4 (de) * 2004-03-20 2012-04-19 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung von Kohlenwasserstoffgas und Wasserdampf in Wasserstoff und weitere Reformerprodukte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006030798A1 (de) 2008-01-03
WO2008000241A2 (fr) 2008-01-03
WO2008000241A3 (fr) 2008-03-27
DE102006030798B4 (de) 2009-04-02

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