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EP2034498B1 - Electromagnetic switching device - Google Patents

Electromagnetic switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2034498B1
EP2034498B1 EP20070017331 EP07017331A EP2034498B1 EP 2034498 B1 EP2034498 B1 EP 2034498B1 EP 20070017331 EP20070017331 EP 20070017331 EP 07017331 A EP07017331 A EP 07017331A EP 2034498 B1 EP2034498 B1 EP 2034498B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching device
current sensor
switching
busbar
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20070017331
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2034498A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Burger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP20070017331 priority Critical patent/EP2034498B1/en
Publication of EP2034498A1 publication Critical patent/EP2034498A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2034498B1 publication Critical patent/EP2034498B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/14—Terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/029—Composite material comprising conducting material dispersed in an elastic support or binding material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H01H2047/046—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current with measuring of the magnetic field, e.g. of the magnetic flux, for the control of coil current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic switching device with a drive coil, a yoke, an armature and an interrupted by a switching element busbar, wherein the drive coil, the yoke, the armature and the switching element are coupled together such that the switching element is actuated by energizing the drive coil.
  • Such a switching device is for example from the DE 103 31 339 A1 known.
  • the yoke and the armature of this switching device contain pulme magnetic material. By using this material, an optimal design of the magnetic circuit should be possible.
  • the powder-magnetic material should provide cost-effective production options. Another advantage is given in the good thermal coupling between different parts of the switching device.
  • An electromechanical remote switch which comprises at least one fixed contact and a cooperating with this movable, arranged on a slide contact.
  • a gate is incorporated in the surface of the slide, in which engages a pin which is fixed on a rocker, which is mounted parallel to the surface of the slider pivot.
  • the WO 00/68963 A discloses an electromagnetic relay and a method for its production, which is to manage with few individual parts and few manufacturing steps. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to manufacture at least one of the electrically and / or magnetically conductive plastic parts in addition to the bobbin. As a possible manufacturing process in this context, the multi-component injection molding is called. To ferromagnetic To obtain properties, iron powder is added to the plastic. To obtain electrically conductive properties, the addition of silver powder is provided.
  • the invention has for its object to further improve an electromagnetic switching device, in particular with regard to the production options over the prior art.
  • This switching device comprises a yoke, an armature which is movable relative to the yoke and a switching element which is mechanically coupled to the armature or formed integrally with the armature and which makes it possible to interrupt or produce a current flow through a busbar.
  • the actuation of the switching element is carried out by a bestrombare coil.
  • the busbar is made in a particularly rational manner from a metal-plastic hybrid material.
  • a metal-plastic hybrid material for example a pulverulent metallic material mixed with a plastics material, for producing a busbar of a switching device on the one hand offers very far-reaching possibilities of shaping.
  • the electrical properties of a metal-plastic hybrid material are suitable for use as a busbar in a switching device.
  • the processing of the metal-plastic hybrid material is preferably carried out by injection molding.
  • a material containing metallic particles as well as a polymer material is in principle for example from WO 01/98006 A2 known.
  • the current sensor integrated in the busbar is preferably linked to an evaluation unit which is likewise arranged in the switching device.
  • the evaluation unit in turn is circuit-coupled to the coil, so that the possibility exists of automatically receiving the switching element in dependence on the current measured by means of the current sensor actuate.
  • a commonly provided in the prior art electromagnetic switching devices auxiliary switch can be omitted.
  • the switching device according to an advantageous development of a magnetic field sensor, which is also linked to the evaluation, whereby a logical link with the current sensor is made.
  • the sensors of the switching device that is, the current sensor and optionally also the magnetic field sensor is in a preferred embodiment in cooperation with the evaluation also suitable to consider the rate of change of measurements. For example, to protect the switching device from overloading, a switching threshold is lowered when a very high gradient of the current increase is detected. Conversely, it is possible to temporarily tolerate a threshold overshoot, if the algorithm according to which the evaluation unit operates with sufficient probability predicts a rapid return of the monitored variable in the allowable range.
  • the evaluation unit is preferably designed for wireless signal transmission. This concerns both the communication with external devices, that is to say transmitting and / or receiving devices outside the switching device, as well as the data transfer within the switching device, in particular the transmission of measured values from the current sensor, possibly also from the magnetic field sensor, to the evaluation unit.
  • the power supply of the current sensor is preferably carried out exclusively via the busbar, for example by means of inductive coupling.
  • the current sensor thus does not require any leads leading to the outside.
  • the housing of the switching device is made according to a preferred development of a plastic-bonded magnetic material, which differs from the hybrid material of the busbar in particular in that it is electrically non-conductive.
  • the yoke of the switching device is preferably molded directly into the magnetic material replacing a conventional plastic housing.
  • the advantage of the invention is in particular that a processable by injection molding metal-plastic hybrid material allows the extremely efficient production of a busbar of an electromagnetic switching device, in particular circuit breaker, by means of two-component injection molding.
  • FIG. 1 An in FIG. 1 simplified illustrated electromagnetic switching device 1, namely a circuit breaker, has in a housing 2, a yoke 3, an energizable coil 4, also referred to as a drive coil, and a displaceably mounted armature 5 as essential functional components.
  • a yoke 3 an energizable coil 4 also referred to as a drive coil
  • armature 5 a displaceably mounted armature 5 as essential functional components.
  • 4 5 is on the DE 103 31 339 A1 directed.
  • the armature 5 is fixedly connected to a switching element 6, which is intended to interrupt or produce the flow of current through a busbar 7.
  • the armature 5 together with switching bridge 8 is pulled to the yoke 3, so in that an electrical connection between contact pieces 12 on the switching bridge 8 and contact pieces 13 is produced on a respective section 14, 15 of the busbar 7.
  • Each section 14, 15 of the busbar 7 is made including the contact pieces 13 by injection molding of an electrically conductive metal-plastic hybrid material.
  • the switching bridge 8 with the integrally formed thereon contact pieces 12 made of a metal-plastic hybrid material.
  • the hybrid material is composed of a polymer material and a metal powder uniformly mixed therewith.
  • the material from which the busbar 7 is made identical to the material of the switching bridge 8.
  • the sections 14, 15 of the busbar 7 protrude on in each case one end face 16, 17 out of the partially perforated housing 2 and are provided for connecting electrical conductors, not shown.
  • a current sensor 18 also referred to as a current flow sensor, is arranged in the section 14. This current sensor is injected into the busbar 7 in a two-component injection molding process. For the production of a plastic injection molding machine is usable. Due to the direct integration of the current sensor 18 in the busbar 7 a particularly high measurement accuracy can be achieved.
  • the embedded in the busbar 7 current sensor 18 is shown enlarged. Thereafter, the current sensor 18 has a sensor element 19, which performs the actual current measurement, a power supply module 20, a data processing unit 21, and a transmission unit 22. Deviating from the simplified representation of FIG. 2 For example, the current sensor 18 may be enveloped by the metal-plastic hybrid material of the busbar 7.
  • the power supply module 20 draws all the energy required to operate the current sensor 18 from the current flowing through the bus bar 7. In this case, it may be provided that current flowing in the busbar 7, in the extreme case the entire current flowing in the busbar 7, is conducted through the current sensor 18. Alternatively, an inductive coupling between the busbar 7 and the current sensor 18 can be realized.
  • the data processing unit 21 preferably converts the signal supplied by the sensor element 18 into a digital signal and forwards it to the transmitting unit 22. Instead of an active transmission of a signal by the current sensor 18, it is also possible to provide only a contactless readout of the current sensor 18. In this case, the current sensor 18 serves as a transponder. This technology of wireless signal transmission over short distances is also referred to as RFID (radio frequency identification). Regarding the generation of electrical voltage is in addition to the DE 198 34 672 Cl which discloses a vibrating element-operated electromagnetic voltage generator.
  • the transmitting unit 22 transmits the signal generated by the current sensor 18 to a housing 2, in FIG. 1
  • the current sensor 18 can send a signal to the evaluation unit 23, which triggers an opening of the switching element 6 in order to avoid overloading the switching device 1 and / or a device connected thereto.
  • this signal can be used as a replacement for the auxiliary switches commonly used with circuit breakers.
  • the evaluation unit 23 communicates wirelessly with a magnetic field sensor 24, also referred to as a magnetic flux sensor.
  • the magnetic field sensor 24 is, directly adjacent to the coil 4, disposed on the yoke 3 and surrounded together with the yoke 3 by a potting compound 25, which also serves to dissipate heat.
  • Possibility to integrate a flow sensor in a switching device is on the EP 1 101 233 B1 directed.
  • the magnetic field sensor 24, in cooperation with the evaluation unit 23, allows regulation of the current flowing through the coil 4. Both the magnetic field sensor 24 and the current sensor 18 offer extensive diagnostic options.
  • the evaluation unit 23 preferably has a bidirectionally usable radio communication module (not shown).
  • the magnetic material is directly connected to the housing 2 or at least partially forms the housing 2, wherein the evaluation unit 23 is injected as an insert into the magnetic material.
  • the magnetic material forming the housing 2 which is also made of powdery starting materials, magnetic, but not electrically conductive.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einer Antriebsspule, einem Joch, einem Anker und einer durch ein Schaltelement unterbrochenen Stromschiene, wobei die Antriebsspule, das Joch, der Anker und das Schaltelement derart miteinander gekoppelt sind, dass das Schaltelement durch Bestromung der Antriebsspule betätigbar ist.The invention relates to an electromagnetic switching device with a drive coil, a yoke, an armature and an interrupted by a switching element busbar, wherein the drive coil, the yoke, the armature and the switching element are coupled together such that the switching element is actuated by energizing the drive coil.

Ein derartiges Schaltgerät ist beispielsweise aus der DE 103 31 339 A1 bekannt. Das Joch und der Anker dieses Schaltgerätes enthalten pulvermagnetisches Material. Durch die Verwendung dieses Materials soll eine optimale Gestaltung des Magnetkreises möglich sein. Darüber hinaus soll das pulvermagnetische Material kostengünstige Herstellungsmöglichkeiten bieten. Ein weiterer Vorteil sei in der guten thermischen Kopplung zwischen verschiedenen Teilen des Schaltgerätes gegeben.Such a switching device is for example from the DE 103 31 339 A1 known. The yoke and the armature of this switching device contain pulme magnetic material. By using this material, an optimal design of the magnetic circuit should be possible. In addition, the powder-magnetic material should provide cost-effective production options. Another advantage is given in the good thermal coupling between different parts of the switching device.

Aus der WO 01/86682 A2 ist ein elektromechanischer Fernschalter bekannt, welcher zumindest einen feststehenden Kontakt und einen mit diesem zusammenwirkenden beweglichen, auf einem Schieber angeordneten Kontakt umfasst. Zur Erreichung eines bistabilen Schaltverhaltens ist in die Oberfläche des Schiebers eine Kulisse eingearbeitet, in welche ein Stift eingreift, der auf einer Wippe festgelegt ist, die parallel zur Oberfläche des Schiebers verschwenkbar gelagert ist.From the WO 01/86682 A2 An electromechanical remote switch is known which comprises at least one fixed contact and a cooperating with this movable, arranged on a slide contact. In order to achieve a bistable switching behavior, a gate is incorporated in the surface of the slide, in which engages a pin which is fixed on a rocker, which is mounted parallel to the surface of the slider pivot.

Die WO 00/68963 A offenbart ein elektromagnetisches Relais und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung, das mit wenigen Einzelteilen sowie wenigen Herstellungsschritten auskommen soll. Zur Erreichung dieses Ziels wird vorgeschlagen, neben dem Spulenkörper mindestens ein weiteres der elektrisch und/ oder magnetisch leitenden Teile aus Kunststoff zu fertigen. Als mögliches Fertigungsverfahren wird in diesem Zusammenhang das Mehrkomponenten-Spritzgießverfahren genannt. Um ferromagnetische Eigenschaften zu erhalten, wird dem Kunststoff Eisenpulver zugesetzt. Zur Erzielung elektrisch leitfähiger Eigenschaften ist der Zusatz von Silberpulver vorgesehen.The WO 00/68963 A discloses an electromagnetic relay and a method for its production, which is to manage with few individual parts and few manufacturing steps. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to manufacture at least one of the electrically and / or magnetically conductive plastic parts in addition to the bobbin. As a possible manufacturing process in this context, the multi-component injection molding is called. To ferromagnetic To obtain properties, iron powder is added to the plastic. To obtain electrically conductive properties, the addition of silver powder is provided.

Aus der US 2006/0138646 A1 ist ein weiteres elektromechanisches Gerät bekannt, welches Bauteile aus einem Kunststoff aufweist, dem leitfähige Materialien zugesetzt sind. Zusätzlich zu leitfähigen Pulvern werden in diesem Fall leitfähige Fasern verwendet.From the US 2006/0138646 A1 is another electro-mechanical device is known, which has components made of a plastic, the conductive materials are added. In addition to conductive powders, conductive fibers are used in this case.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät insbesondere hinsichtlich der Herstellungsmöglichkeiten gegenüber dem Stand der Technik weiter zu verbessern.The invention has for its object to further improve an electromagnetic switching device, in particular with regard to the production options over the prior art.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Schaltgerät, insbesondere einen Leistungsschalter, mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by a switching device, in particular a circuit breaker, with the features of claim 1.

Dieses Schaltgerät umfasst ein Joch, einen relativ zum Joch beweglichen Anker und ein mechanisch mit dem Anker gekoppeltes oder mit dem Anker einstückig ausgebildetes Schaltelement, welches die Unterbrechung beziehungsweise Herstellung eines Stromflusses durch eine Stromschiene ermöglicht. Die Betätigung des Schaltelementes erfolgt durch eine bestrombare Spule. Die Stromschiene ist in besonders rationeller Weise aus einem Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterial gefertigt. Die Verwendung eines solchen Materials, beispielsweise eines pulverförmigen, mit einer Kunststoffmasse vermischten metallischen Materials, zur Herstellung einer Stromschiene eines Schaltgeräts bietet zum einen sehr weitreichende Möglichkeiten der Formgebung. Zum anderen sind auch die elektrischen Eigenschaften eines Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterials für die Nutzung als Stromschiene in einem Schaltgerät geeignet. Denn im Schaltgerät, insbesondere bei den Schaltvorgängen, auftretenden mechanischen Belastungen hält das Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterial dauerhaft stand. Das bei einem Schaltvorgang auftretende Geräusch wird durch das Hybridmaterial, aus welchem die Stromschiene gefertigt ist, im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Schaltgeräten mit Stromschienen aus Metall gedämpft. Die Verarbeitung des Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterials erfolgt vorzugsweise im Spritzgussverfahren.This switching device comprises a yoke, an armature which is movable relative to the yoke and a switching element which is mechanically coupled to the armature or formed integrally with the armature and which makes it possible to interrupt or produce a current flow through a busbar. The actuation of the switching element is carried out by a bestrombare coil. The busbar is made in a particularly rational manner from a metal-plastic hybrid material. The Use of such a material, for example a pulverulent metallic material mixed with a plastics material, for producing a busbar of a switching device on the one hand offers very far-reaching possibilities of shaping. On the other hand, the electrical properties of a metal-plastic hybrid material are suitable for use as a busbar in a switching device. Because in the switching device, especially in the switching operations occurring mechanical loads keeps the metal-plastic hybrid material durable. The noise occurring in a switching operation is damped by the hybrid material from which the power rail is made, compared to conventional switchgear with metal busbars. The processing of the metal-plastic hybrid material is preferably carried out by injection molding.

Ein Material, welches metallische Partikel sowie einen Polymerwerkstoff enthält, ist prinzipiell beispielsweise aus der WO 01/98006 A2 bekannt.A material containing metallic particles as well as a polymer material is in principle for example from WO 01/98006 A2 known.

Um dem Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterial eine beanspruchungsgerechte Festigkeit zu verleihen, ist es ausreichend, das Material soweit zu erhitzen, das der Kunststoffanteil vernetzt. Ein Sintervorgang zwischen den Metallpartikeln ist dagegen nicht erforderlich. Der Herstellungsprozess kann somit bei Temperaturen erfolgen, wie sie beim Kunststoffspritzguss üblich sind. Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass in die Stromschiene ein Bauteil eingespritzt werden kann, welches im Vergleich zu rein metallischen Komponenten nur relativ gering thermisch belastbar ist. Ein solches Bauteil ist erfindungsgemäß ein Stromsensor.In order to give the metal-plastic hybrid material a stress-resistant strength, it is sufficient to heat the material as far as the plastic portion crosslinks. A sintering process between the metal particles, however, is not required. The manufacturing process can thus take place at temperatures that are common in plastic injection molding. This has the particular advantage that in the busbar, a component can be injected, which is relatively low thermal load compared to purely metallic components. Such a component according to the invention is a current sensor.

Der in die Stromschiene integrierte Stromsensor ist vorzugsweise mit einer ebenfalls im Schaltgerät angeordneten Auswerteeinheit verknüpft. Die Auswerteeinheit wiederum ist schaltungstechnisch mit der Spule gekoppelt, so dass die Möglichkeit gegeben ist, das Schaltelement automatisch in Abhängigkeit von dem mittels des Stromsensors gemessenen Strom zu betätigen. Ein nach dem Stand der Technik bei elektromagnetischen Schaltgeräten häufig vorgesehener Hilfsschalter kann entfallen.The current sensor integrated in the busbar is preferably linked to an evaluation unit which is likewise arranged in the switching device. The evaluation unit in turn is circuit-coupled to the coil, so that the possibility exists of automatically receiving the switching element in dependence on the current measured by means of the current sensor actuate. A commonly provided in the prior art electromagnetic switching devices auxiliary switch can be omitted.

Zusätzlich weist das Schaltgerät nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung einen Magnetfeldsensor auf, welcher ebenfalls mit der Auswerteeinheit verknüpft ist, wodurch auch eine logische Verknüpfung mit dem Stromsensor hergestellt ist.In addition, the switching device according to an advantageous development of a magnetic field sensor, which is also linked to the evaluation, whereby a logical link with the current sensor is made.

Die Sensorik des Schaltgerätes, das heißt der Stromsensor und gegebenenfalls auch der Magnetfeldsensor, ist in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung in Zusammenwirkung mit der Auswerteeinheit auch geeignet, die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit von Messgrößen zu berücksichtigen. Beispielsweise wird, um das Schaltgerät vor Überlastung zu schützen, eine Schaltschwelle niedriger gelegt, wenn ein sehr hoher Gradient des Stromanstiegs detektiert wird. Umgekehrt ist es möglich, kurzzeitig eine Schwellwertüberschreitung zu tolerieren, wenn der Algorithmus, nach welchem die Auswerteeinheit arbeitet, mit ausreichender Wahrscheinlichkeit eine rasche Rückkehr der überwachten Größe in den zulässigen Bereich prognostiziert.The sensors of the switching device, that is, the current sensor and optionally also the magnetic field sensor is in a preferred embodiment in cooperation with the evaluation also suitable to consider the rate of change of measurements. For example, to protect the switching device from overloading, a switching threshold is lowered when a very high gradient of the current increase is detected. Conversely, it is possible to temporarily tolerate a threshold overshoot, if the algorithm according to which the evaluation unit operates with sufficient probability predicts a rapid return of the monitored variable in the allowable range.

Die Auswerteeinheit ist vorzugsweise zur drahtlosen Signalübertragung ausgebildet. Dies betrifft sowohl die Kommunikation mit externen Geräten, das heißt Sende- und/oder Empfangsgeräten außerhalb des Schaltgerätes, als auch den Datentransfer innerhalb der Schaltgerätes, insbesondere die Übertragung von Messwerten vom Stromsensor, gegebenenfalls auch vom Magnetfeldsensor, zur Auswerteeinheit.The evaluation unit is preferably designed for wireless signal transmission. This concerns both the communication with external devices, that is to say transmitting and / or receiving devices outside the switching device, as well as the data transfer within the switching device, in particular the transmission of measured values from the current sensor, possibly also from the magnetic field sensor, to the evaluation unit.

Die Energieversorgung des Stromsensors erfolgt vorzugsweise ausschließlich über die Stromschiene, beispielsweise mittels induktiver Kopplung. Im Fall drahtloser Signalübertragung zwischen dem Stromsensor und der Auswerteeinheit benötigt der Stromsensor somit keine nach außen führenden Leitungen.The power supply of the current sensor is preferably carried out exclusively via the busbar, for example by means of inductive coupling. In the case of wireless signal transmission between the current sensor and the evaluation unit, the current sensor thus does not require any leads leading to the outside.

Das Gehäuse des Schaltgeräts ist nach einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung aus einem kunststoffgebundenem Magnetmaterial gefertigt, welches sich vom Hybridmaterial der Stromschiene insbesondere dadurch unterscheidet, dass es elektrisch nicht leitend ist. Das Joch des Schaltgeräts ist vorzugsweise direkt in das Magnetmaterial, welches ein herkömmliches Kunststoffgehäuse ersetzt, eingegossen.The housing of the switching device is made according to a preferred development of a plastic-bonded magnetic material, which differs from the hybrid material of the busbar in particular in that it is electrically non-conductive. The yoke of the switching device is preferably molded directly into the magnetic material replacing a conventional plastic housing.

Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt insbesondere darin, dass ein im Spritzgussverfahren verarbeitbares Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterial die äußerst rationelle Herstellung einer Stromschiene eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes, insbesondere Leistungsschalters, mittels Zweikomponenten-Spritzguss ermöglicht.The advantage of the invention is in particular that a processable by injection molding metal-plastic hybrid material allows the extremely efficient production of a busbar of an electromagnetic switching device, in particular circuit breaker, by means of two-component injection molding.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Hierin zeigen:

FIG 1
in einer perspektivischen Ansicht ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät, und
FIG 2
ausschnittsweise eine Stromschiene des Schaltgeräts nach FIG 1.
An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Herein show:
FIG. 1
in a perspective view of an electromagnetic switching device, and
FIG. 2
a detail of a busbar of the switching device after FIG. 1 ,

Ein in FIG 1 vereinfacht dargestelltes elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät 1, nämlich ein Leistungsschalter, weist in einem Gehäuse 2 ein Joch 3, eine bestrombare Spule 4, auch als Antriebsspule bezeichnet, sowie einen verschiebbar gelagerten Anker 5 als wesentliche Funktionskomponenten auf. Hinsichtlich der grundsätzlichen Funktion der Komponenten 3, 4, 5 wird auf die DE 103 31 339 A1 verwiesen.An in FIG. 1 simplified illustrated electromagnetic switching device 1, namely a circuit breaker, has in a housing 2, a yoke 3, an energizable coil 4, also referred to as a drive coil, and a displaceably mounted armature 5 as essential functional components. With regard to the basic function of the components 3, 4, 5 is on the DE 103 31 339 A1 directed.

Der Anker 5 ist fest verbunden mit einem Schaltelement 6, welches dazu vorgesehen ist, den Stromfluss durch eine Stromschiene 7 zu unterbrechen oder herzustellen. Eine die Form eines lang gestreckten Quaders aufweisende Schaltbrücke 8, welche über ein Verbindungsstück 9 am Anker 5 befestigt ist, stützt sich hierbei unter Zwischenschaltung von Federn 10 an einer gehäusefesten Platte 11 ab. Bei Bestromung der Spule 4 wird der Anker 5 samt Schaltbrücke 8 zum Joch 3 gezogen, so dass eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen Kontaktstücken 12 auf der Schaltbrücke 8 und Kontaktstücken 13 auf jeweils einem Abschnitt 14, 15 der Stromschiene 7 hergestellt wird.The armature 5 is fixedly connected to a switching element 6, which is intended to interrupt or produce the flow of current through a busbar 7. A form of an elongated cuboid having switching bridge 8, which is fastened via a connecting piece 9 on the armature 5, in this case supported by the interposition of springs 10 on a housing-fixed plate 11 from. When energizing the coil 4, the armature 5 together with switching bridge 8 is pulled to the yoke 3, so in that an electrical connection between contact pieces 12 on the switching bridge 8 and contact pieces 13 is produced on a respective section 14, 15 of the busbar 7.

Jeder Abschnitt 14, 15 der Stromschiene 7 ist einschließlich der Kontaktstücke 13 im Spritzgussverfahren aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterial gefertigt. In gleicher Weise ist auch die Schaltbrücke 8 mit den hieran einstückig angeformten Kontaktstücken 12 aus einem Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterial hergestellt. Das Hybridmaterial setzt sich aus einem Polymerwerkstoff und einem hiermit gleichförmig vermengten Metallpulver zusammen. Vorzugsweise ist der Werkstoff, aus welchem die Stromschiene 7 hergestellt ist, mit dem Werkstoff der Schaltbrücke 8 identisch. Die Abschnitte 14, 15 der Stromschiene 7 ragen auf jeweils einer Stirnseite 16, 17 aus dem teilweise durchbrochen gezeichneten Gehäuse 2 heraus und sind zum Anschluss nicht dargestellter elektrischer Leiter vorgesehen.Each section 14, 15 of the busbar 7 is made including the contact pieces 13 by injection molding of an electrically conductive metal-plastic hybrid material. In the same way, the switching bridge 8 with the integrally formed thereon contact pieces 12 made of a metal-plastic hybrid material. The hybrid material is composed of a polymer material and a metal powder uniformly mixed therewith. Preferably, the material from which the busbar 7 is made, identical to the material of the switching bridge 8. The sections 14, 15 of the busbar 7 protrude on in each case one end face 16, 17 out of the partially perforated housing 2 and are provided for connecting electrical conductors, not shown.

Um den durch die Stromschiene 7 fließenden elektrischen Strom zu überwachen, ist im Abschnitt 14 ein Stromsensor 18, auch als Stromflusssensor bezeichnet, angeordnet. Dieser Stromsensor ist im Zweikomponenten-Spritzgussverfahren in die Stromschiene 7 eingespritzt. Für die Herstellung ist eine Kunststoff-Spritzgussmaschine verwendbar. Durch die direkte Einbindung des Stromsensors 18 in die Stromschiene 7 ist eine besonders hohe Messgenauigkeit erreichbar.In order to monitor the electric current flowing through the busbar 7, a current sensor 18, also referred to as a current flow sensor, is arranged in the section 14. This current sensor is injected into the busbar 7 in a two-component injection molding process. For the production of a plastic injection molding machine is usable. Due to the direct integration of the current sensor 18 in the busbar 7 a particularly high measurement accuracy can be achieved.

In symbolisierter, lediglich den logischen Aufbau veranschaulichender Weise ist in FIG 2 der in die Stromschiene 7 eingebettete Stromsensor 18 vergrößert dargestellt. Danach weist der Stromsensor 18 ein Sensorelement 19, welches die eigentliche Strommessung vornimmt, ein Energieversorgungsmodul 20, eine Datenverarbeitungseinheit 21, sowie eine Sendeeinheit 22 auf. Abweichend von der vereinfachten Darstellung nach FIG 2 kann der Stromsensor 18 vom Metall-Kunststoff-Hybridmaterial der Stromschiene 7 umhüllt sein.In symbolized way, merely illustrating the logical construction is in FIG. 2 the embedded in the busbar 7 current sensor 18 is shown enlarged. Thereafter, the current sensor 18 has a sensor element 19, which performs the actual current measurement, a power supply module 20, a data processing unit 21, and a transmission unit 22. Deviating from the simplified representation of FIG. 2 For example, the current sensor 18 may be enveloped by the metal-plastic hybrid material of the busbar 7.

Das Energieversorgungsmodul 20 bezieht die gesamte zum Betrieb des Stromsensors 18 erforderliche Energie von dem durch die Stromschiene 7 fließenden Strom. Hierbei kann vorgesehen sein, dass in der Stromschiene 7 fließender Strom, im Extremfall der gesamte in der Stromschiene 7 fließende Strom, durch den Stromsensor 18 geleitet wird. Alternativ ist eine induktive Kopplung zwischen der Stromschiene 7 und dem Stromsensor 18 realisierbar. Die Datenverarbeitungseinheit 21 wandelt das vom Sensorelement 18 gelieferte Signal vorzugsweise in ein digitales Signal und leitet dieses an die Sendeeinheit 22 weiter. Statt einer aktiven Aussendung eines Signals durch den Stromsensor 18 ist es auch möglich, lediglich ein kontaktloses Auslesen des Stromsensors 18 vorzusehen. In diesem Fall dient der Stromsensor 18 als Transponder. Diese Technologie der drahtlosen Signalübertragung über kurze Distanzen wird auch als RFID (radio frequency identification) bezeichnet. Betreffend die Erzeugung elektrischer Spannung wird ergänzend auf die DE 198 34 672 Cl hingewiesen, die einen mit einem Schwingungselement arbeitenden elektromagnetischen Spannungsgenerator offenbart.The power supply module 20 draws all the energy required to operate the current sensor 18 from the current flowing through the bus bar 7. In this case, it may be provided that current flowing in the busbar 7, in the extreme case the entire current flowing in the busbar 7, is conducted through the current sensor 18. Alternatively, an inductive coupling between the busbar 7 and the current sensor 18 can be realized. The data processing unit 21 preferably converts the signal supplied by the sensor element 18 into a digital signal and forwards it to the transmitting unit 22. Instead of an active transmission of a signal by the current sensor 18, it is also possible to provide only a contactless readout of the current sensor 18. In this case, the current sensor 18 serves as a transponder. This technology of wireless signal transmission over short distances is also referred to as RFID (radio frequency identification). Regarding the generation of electrical voltage is in addition to the DE 198 34 672 Cl which discloses a vibrating element-operated electromagnetic voltage generator.

Die Sendeeinheit 22 überträgt das vom Stromsensor 18 generierte Signal an eine im Gehäuse 2 angeordnete, in FIG 1 gestrichelt skizzierte, Auswerteeinheit 23. Insbesondere kann der Stromsensor 18 ein Signal an die Auswerteeinheit 23 senden, welches eine Öffnung des Schaltelements 6 auslöst, um eine Überlastung des Schaltgerätes 1 und/oder eines daran angeschlossenen Gerätes zu vermeiden. Ebenso kann dieses Signal als Ersatz für den bei Leistungsschaltern gebräuchlichen Hilfsschaltern verwendet werden.The transmitting unit 22 transmits the signal generated by the current sensor 18 to a housing 2, in FIG. 1 In particular, the current sensor 18 can send a signal to the evaluation unit 23, which triggers an opening of the switching element 6 in order to avoid overloading the switching device 1 and / or a device connected thereto. Likewise, this signal can be used as a replacement for the auxiliary switches commonly used with circuit breakers.

Ebenso wie mit dem Stromsensor 18 kommuniziert die Auswerteeinheit 23 drahtlos mit einem Magnetfeldsensor 24, auch als Magnetflusssensor bezeichnet. Der Magnetfeldsensor 24 ist, direkt der Spule 4 benachbart, am Joch 3 angeordnet und zusammen mit dem Joch 3 von einer Vergussmasse 25 umgeben, welche auch der Wärmeableitung dient. Hinsichtlich der prinzipiellen Möglichkeit, einen Flusssensor in ein Schaltgerät zu integrieren, wird auf die EP 1 101 233 B1 verwiesen.As with the current sensor 18, the evaluation unit 23 communicates wirelessly with a magnetic field sensor 24, also referred to as a magnetic flux sensor. The magnetic field sensor 24 is, directly adjacent to the coil 4, disposed on the yoke 3 and surrounded together with the yoke 3 by a potting compound 25, which also serves to dissipate heat. Regarding the principle Possibility to integrate a flow sensor in a switching device is on the EP 1 101 233 B1 directed.

Der Magnetfeldsensor 24 ermöglicht in Zusammenwirkung mit der Auswerteeinheit 23 eine Regelung des durch die Spule 4 fließenden Stroms. Sowohl der Magnetfeldsensor 24 als auch der Stromsensor 18 bieten weitreichende Diagnosemöglichkeiten. Um Daten von der Auswerteeinheit 23 an externe Geräte zu übertragen zu können, weist die Auswerteeinheit 23 vorzugsweise ein nicht dargestelltes bidirektional nutzbares Funk-Kommunikationsmodul auf.The magnetic field sensor 24, in cooperation with the evaluation unit 23, allows regulation of the current flowing through the coil 4. Both the magnetic field sensor 24 and the current sensor 18 offer extensive diagnostic options. In order to be able to transmit data from the evaluation unit 23 to external devices, the evaluation unit 23 preferably has a bidirectionally usable radio communication module (not shown).

Bei Herstellung des Jochs 3 aus kunststoffgebundenem Magnetmaterial entfällt vorzugsweise die gesonderte Vergussmasse 25. In diesem Fall ist das Magnetmaterial direkt mit dem Gehäuse 2 verbunden oder bildet zumindest teilweise das Gehäuse 2, wobei die Auswerteeinheit 23 als Insert in das Magnetmaterial eingespritzt ist. Im Gegensatz zum Hybridmaterial, aus welchem die Stromschiene 7 gefertigt ist, ist das das Gehäuse 2 bildende Magnetmaterial, welches ebenfalls aus pulverförmigen Ausgangssubstanzen hergestellt ist, magnetisch, aber nicht elektrisch leitend.In this case, the magnetic material is directly connected to the housing 2 or at least partially forms the housing 2, wherein the evaluation unit 23 is injected as an insert into the magnetic material. In contrast to the hybrid material, from which the busbar 7 is made, is the magnetic material forming the housing 2, which is also made of powdery starting materials, magnetic, but not electrically conductive.

Claims (8)

  1. Electromagnetic switching device, in particular circuit breaker, having a drive coil (4), a yoke (3), an armature (5) and a bus bar (7) interrupted by a switching element (6), wherein the drive coil (4), the yoke (3), the armature (5) and the switching element (6) are coupled to one another such that the switching element (6) can be activated by powering the drive coil (4),
    characterised in that
    the bus bar (7) is manufactured from a metal-plastic hybrid material and a current sensor (18) is integrated herein, namely injected.
  2. Switching device according to claim 1, characterised by a magnetic field sensor (24) linked to the current sensor (18) in a wired manner.
  3. Switching device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by an evaluation unit (23), which is linked to the current sensor (18) such that the current feed to the coil (4) is dependent on the measured current.
  4. Switching device according to claim 3, characterised in that the evaluation unit (23) is embodied for wireless signal transmission.
  5. Switching device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the current sensor (18) is embodied for wireless signal transmission.
  6. Switching device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the power supply of the current sensor (18) is provided exclusively by way of the bus bar (7).
  7. Switching device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the switching element (6) comprises a switching bridge (8) produced from a metal-plastic hybrid material.
  8. Switching device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised by a housing (2) made of plastic bonded magnetic material.
EP20070017331 2007-09-04 2007-09-04 Electromagnetic switching device Not-in-force EP2034498B1 (en)

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EP20070017331 EP2034498B1 (en) 2007-09-04 2007-09-04 Electromagnetic switching device

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EP20070017331 EP2034498B1 (en) 2007-09-04 2007-09-04 Electromagnetic switching device

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EP2034498B1 true EP2034498B1 (en) 2013-11-13

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8987948B2 (en) * 2010-02-02 2015-03-24 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Bus bar assembly
DE102012219075B4 (en) * 2012-09-25 2014-04-10 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh High current resistant relay
CN103943385B (en) * 2014-04-04 2015-11-25 环宇集团有限公司 A kind of bypass circulation of automatic transfer switching electric appliance
DE102017204949B4 (en) * 2017-03-23 2024-11-28 SUMIDA Components & Modules GmbH Inductive component and method for producing an inductive component

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1101233B1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2002-02-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching device with housing bottom as a sub-assembly and corresponding production method
DE19921254A1 (en) 1999-05-07 2001-01-04 Tyco Electronics Logistics Ag Electromagnetic relay and process for its manufacture
AT412433B (en) 2000-05-11 2005-02-25 Felten & Guilleaume Kg ELECTROMECHANICAL REMOTE SWITCH
US6365093B1 (en) 2000-06-20 2002-04-02 Rockwell Technologies, Llc Strengthening method for green form parts made from metal powder
US20060138646A1 (en) 2001-02-15 2006-06-29 Thomas Aisenbrey Low cost electromechanical devices manufactured from conductively doped resin-based materials
DE10331339A1 (en) 2003-07-10 2005-02-03 Siemens Ag Electromagnetic switching device
US7612972B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2009-11-03 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Electrical contractor current sensing system and method

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