EP2033891B1 - Rudder for ships - Google Patents

Abstract

The ship's rudder assembly has a rudder blade (30) held by a rudder shaft (40) in a watertight holder (20). The holder is composed of a compound fiber material within a steel holder tube, extending to the lower edge of the head box. The space between the holder and the tube is filled with a resin or they are bonded together by an adhesive.

Description

The invention relates to a ship with a rudder according to the preamble of claim 1.

It is known that the rudder trunk of a rudder system consists of forged steel, so that such rudder systems have high weights.

So is after the EP 1 739 008 A1 a rudder stock for oars for watercraft is known, whose end portions of a metallic material, in particular of wrought iron, and consist whose middle, connected to the end portions shank portion of a non-metallic material, such as carbon fiber composite, carbon fibers or graphite fibers, so that very long lengths of rowing shafts with the lowest weight can be produced. The design of the rudder stock is such that the two consisting of wrought iron end portions of the rudder stock have at their mutually facing end sides necked retracted, peg-shaped portions whose peripheral surfaces are provided with structuring as adhesive surfaces for the middle, made of carbon fibers section, the in the form of windings surrounding the peg-shaped sections, wherein the carbon fibers are encased in the entire over the length of the central portion extending winding area with a casting resin and poured out.

The object of the present invention is to find an alternative material for forging steel for the component rudder stock. However, a sole material substitution in the component rudder stock to difficulties in the overall system, eg. B. Exceeding the maximum permitted bearing gaps, lead by too large differences in the stiffness of the components rudder shaft and rudder trunk. For this reason, a material substitution also provided for the rudder trunk, by providing a low weight rudder poker which, despite its low weight, has high flexural strength and torsional rigidity.

This object is achieved in a ship with a rudder according to the type described above with the features specified in claim 1.

Thereafter, the invention consists in that the rudder trunk of the rudder for ships from the rudder blade, the rudder shaft and the rudder card consists of a fiber composite material and cast or glued after insertion and alignment in a shipyard prepared ship outer, reaching to the lower edge of the headbox, Kokerrohr is.

The integration of the rudder coker in fiber composite construction in the shipbuilding steel structure is similar to a stern tube: The Ru derkoker is used in a ship prepared by the ship ship outer tubular Kokerrohr, which extends to the lower edge of the head box, aligned, and then shed or glued. For the lower edge of the ship-shaped coker tube, detailed solutions (eg inserting wedge rings made of soft materials) can be found in order to reduce local stress concentrations in the coker tube made of fiber composite material.

The following advantages are achieved with the embodiment of the coiler according to the invention: The main argument for an alternative material to forged steel is the difficult procurement situation and the high costs for large forgings. The use of fiber composites in conjunction with an effective manufacturing process provides cost benefits. The use of a rudder stock made of fiber composite material also requires the material substitution of the rudder trunk. With fiber composites significant weight advantages over forged steel components can be achieved. The introduction of the rudder coker into the ship-structurally prepared ship structure by means of bonding processes provides technological advantages, such as better alignment possibilities, elimination of welds and welding distortion.

Further advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

In addition to the design of the rudder coker of a fiber composite material according to a further embodiment of the invention, the rudder shaft of the rudder system of a fiber composite material.

The fiber composite material is a carbon fiber composite material or carbon fiber with an epoxy resin matrix or a glass fiber composite material with polyester resin matrix.

According to a further embodiment, the rudder stock and / or the rudder trunk are produced by the filament winding method.

The use of a rudder coker and / or a rudder stock of a fiber composite material is particularly advantageous in a rudder whose rudder trunk is provided as a cantilever with a central inner longitudinal bore for receiving the rudder stock for the rudder blade and extending into the rudder end connected to the rudder blade, wherein for storage of the rudder stock a bearing in the inner longitudinal bore of the rudder coker is arranged, which extends with its free end into a recess, confiscation o. The like. In the rudder blade, wherein the rudder stock led out in its end with a portion of the rudder trunk and with the end this portion is connected to the rudder blade, wherein the connection of the rudder stock with the rudder blade is above the propeller shaft center and wherein the bottom bracket for the storage of the rudder stock is arranged in the rudder trunk in the end of the rudder coker.

The high stability and flexural strength of the rudder coker of a fiber composite material allows the rudder stock bearing to be located in the end of the rudder coker, even if the rudder stock should have longer lengths. Only this rudder stock bearing arrangement allows the pressure forces acting on the rudder blade of the rudder to be absorbed.

Furthermore, the rudder stock may comprise end portions of a metallic material, in particular of wrought iron, and a central portion of a non-metallic material connected to the end portions.

According to a further embodiment, the middle, consisting of a non-metallic material portion of the rudder stock consists of a carbon fiber composite or carbon fibers, preferably graphite fibers.

The two consisting of cast iron end portions of the rudder stock have at their mutually facing end faces necked, peg-shaped sections whose peripheral surfaces are provided with structuring as adhesive surfaces for the middle, made of carbon fibers section which surround the peg-shaped sections in the form of windings wherein the carbon fibers are sheathed and poured with a casting resin throughout the entire winding section extending the length of the central portion.

Such an embodiment of the rudder stock provides the advantage that rudder shafts can be made with large lengths, large diameter and high weight for rudders for watercraft, without the need for this production of the entire rudder shaft made of wrought iron, because only the end portions of the rudder stock are made of wrought iron made, while the intermediate portion of the rudder stem between the end portions consists of a non-metallic material and in particular of a carbon fiber composite or carbon fibers, preferably of graphite fibers, which form in the form of windings the central shaft portion of the rudder stock, wherein the windings of the carbon-fiber composite or the carbon fibers extend into the opposite ends of the end portions of the rudder stock and are firmly connected thereto. In this way, a rudder stock is created, whose end sections are made of wrought iron and thus can be exposed to the highest loads. In addition, the wrought iron end portions of the rudder stock receive the bearings for the rudder stock bearing in a rudder trunk bearing.

Wrought iron end sections may be omitted if the entire rudder stock is made of, for example, a carbon fiber composite and made by the fiber winding process. In this embodiment, neither the bending stiffness nor the torsional strength is impaired.

Fig. 1

in einer Seitenansicht eine im Hinterschiffsbereich vorgese- hene Ruderanordnung mit einem in einem Ruderkoker an- geordneten Ruderschaft,

Fig. 2

teils in Ansicht, teils in einem senkrechten Schnitt ein Ruder- system mit dem Ruderkoker, dem Ruderschaft und dem Ru- derblatt,

Fig. 3

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt A gemäß Fig. 2 mit dem bis zur Unterkante der Headbox reichenden und in ein äußeres Kokerrohr eingesetzten sowie vergossenen oder verklebten Ruderkoker,

Fig. 4

teils in Ansicht, teils in einem senkrechten Schnitt das Ru- dersystem mit dem im Kokerrohr einendseitig gelagerten und am Ruderblatt befestigten Ruderschaft,

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht auf einen Ruderschaft mit endseitigen Abschnit- ten aus Schmiedeeisen und mit einem mittleren Ruderschaf- tabschnitt aus einem nichtmetallischen Material und

Fig. 6

eine Ansicht auf einen Ruderschaft mit Endabschnitten aus Schmiedeeisen und einem mit den Endabschnitten verbun- denen mittleren Abschnitt aus gewickelten Kohlenstoff- Fasern.

In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is shown by way of example and shows:

Fig. 1

in a side view, a rudder arrangement provided in the rear of the ship with a rudder stock arranged in a rudder trunk,

Fig. 2

partly in view, partly in a vertical section, a rudder system with the rudder trunk, the rudder stock and the rudder blade,

Fig. 3

an enlarged section A according to Fig. 2 with the up to the lower edge of the head box reaching and inserted into an outer Kokerrohr and potted or glued oars,

Fig. 4

partly in view, partly in a vertical section, the rudder system with the rudder stock mounted in the coker tube at one end and fastened to the rudder blade,

Fig. 5

a view of a rudder stock with end sections made of wrought iron and with a middle rudder tread cut from a non-metallic material and

Fig. 6

a view of a rudder stock with end sections of wrought iron and a connected to the end sections middle section of wound carbon fibers.

At the in Fig. 1 and 4 shown embodiment of a rudder system for ships is with 10 a hull, with 20 an oarsman with his both ends 20a, 20b, 30 denotes a rudder blade and 40 denotes a rudder stock.

Trained as a cantilever tube tubular rudder trunk 20 is fixedly connected at its upper end 20a to the hull 10 and has an inner bore 25 which receives the rudder stock 40. The rudder trunk 20 is guided into the rudder blade 30, which is fixedly connected to the free lower end 20 b of the guided through the inner bore 25 of the rudder trunk bearing 20 rudder stock 40. The preferably cylindrical recess 35 formed in the rudder blade 30 for receiving the free end 20b of the rudder coker 20 is bounded by a lateral skin 36, 37 (FIG. Fig. 4 ).

The rudder trunk 20 is provided with a central inner longitudinal bore 25 for receiving the rudder stock 40 for the rudder blade 30 and extends into the rudder blade end connected to the rudder end 40, wherein at least one bearing 70 is arranged in the inner longitudinal bore 25 of the rudder coker 20 for supporting the rudder stock is that with its free end 40a extends into a recess, confiscation o. The like. In the rudder blade 30, wherein the rudder stock 40 led out in its end portion 40a with a portion 40b from the rudder trunk 20 and the end of this section 40b with the rudder blade 30 is connected, wherein the connection of the rudder stock 40 with the rudder blade 30 is preferably above the propeller shaft center PM. The inner bearing 70 for the storage of the rudder stock 40 is arranged in the rudder trunk 20 in the end region of the rudder coker 20 ( Fig. 4 ).

For storage of the rudder stock 40, the rudder trunk 20 has at least one bearing. At the in Fig. 4 shown embodiment, two bearings 70, 71 are provided, namely an inner bearing 70 and an outer bearing 71, wherein the bearing 70 on the inner wall surface of the rudder trunk bearing 20 and the other bearing 71 on the outer wall surface of the rudder coker or is formed on the inner wall surface of the provided on the rudder blade 30 bearing.

The rudder shaft 40 mounted in the rudder trunk 20 is made of wrought iron or is preferably formed such that its two end portions 41, 42 are made of wrought iron, the middle shaft portion 45 being made of a non-metallic material, in particular a carbon fiber composite or carbon fibers , preferably of graphite fibers with or without an epoxy resin matrix ( Fig. 5 ). Wrought iron is understood to mean an iron having a carbon content of less than 0.8%. Advantageously, the rudder stock 40 is manufactured according to the known filament winding method.

For the attachment of the central shaft portion 45 of the rudder stock 40, various structural configurations may be provided. As the embodiment according to Fig. 5 shows, the opposite end faces of the two end portions 41, 42 peg-shaped portions 51, 52, which are preferably provided with an outer wall structuring 51 a, 52 a, to ensure the grip and the hold of the central shaft portion 45 of carbon fibers. Preferably, the carbon fibers or the carbon fiber composite are fixed by windings 60 by the Faserwickelverfahren on the pins 51, 52 of the end portions 41, 42, wherein the windings over the circumference of the two pins 51, 52 and over the entire length of the extend central shaft portion 45. To increase the strength, the carbon fibers are encased or poured out with a cast resin.

Particularly advantageous is the design of the rudder stock 20 insofar as very large lengths of rudder stems can be produced at the lowest weight. For example, with a 10 m length Rudder shaft will reduce the weight by more than 50% compared to a rudder shaft made entirely of wrought iron.

A further embodiment provides that the rudder stock 40 arranged in the rudder trunk 20 has material reinforcements 80 in the region of the bearings 70, 71 arranged in the rudder trunk 20, wherein the material reinforcements 80 are preferably provided in the region of the rudder trunk end 20b. These material reinforcements 80 are preferably formed on the rudder stock 40 at the end portion 42 of the rudder stock 40 in the area of the inner bearing 70 provided on the rudder trunk 20 ( Fig. 4 ).

At the in FIGS. 2 and 3 In the embodiment shown, the rudder trunk 20 consists of a fiber composite material 100 and is used in a shipbuilding outer, ship-to-underside 11a of the head box 11 and inserted into the rudder blade 30 shipbuilding Kokerrohr 90 made of steel or other suitable material, wherein after alignment of the rudder coker 20 in the shipbuilding Kokerrohr 90 of the gap formed between the two components 20, 90 with a casting resin 95 or both components 20, 90 are glued together.

Characterized in that the rudder trunk 20 is connected to the Kokerrohr 90 due to the bonding or the turn of casting resins, a solid bond is obtained between the two components, so that thin-walled materials for the tubular rudder trunk and the Kokerrohr can be used, which also beyond leads to a weight saving, which is particularly important when it comes to large steering gear.

The integration of the rudder coker 20 in fiber composite in the shipbuilding steel structure, ie in the rudder blade 30, similar to the stern tube of a ship. The rudder trunk 20 is inserted into a shipbuilding outer coker tube 90 of steel or other suitable material prepared by the shipyard, which extends to the lower edge 11a of the head box 11. This shipbuilding Kokerrohr 90 is inserted and fixed in the rudder blade 30. Then, the rudder trunk 20 is aligned from the fiber composite in the shipbuilding Kokerrohr 90. The space between the shipbuilding Kokerrohr 90 and the rudder trunk 20 is then z. B. poured with a casting resin 95 or both components are glued together, so that between the shipbuilding Kokerrohr 90 and the rudder trunk 20 a firm connection is created ( Fig. 3 ). In the system thus formed, the rudder stock 40 is then inserted into the rudder trunk 20 and stored in the rudder blade 30 and fixed end with this. For the lower edge of the ship's Kokerrohrs 90 detail solutions, z. B. insertion of wedge rings made of soft materials possible to reduce local stress concentrations in the rudder trunk 20 here.

The fiber composite used for the manufacture of the rudder coker 20 and / or the rudder shaft 40 is a carbon fiber composite material or of carbon fibers of an epoxy resin matrix or a glass fiber composite material with polyester resin matrix.

Both the rudder shaft 40 and the rudder trunk 20 are made by the filament winding system.

Fiber composites have significant advantages over forged steel because the carbon matrix epoxy resin matrix materials have improved material properties in terms of stiffness, durability, and strength over fiberglass materials with polyester resin matrix, but also result in higher material costs. However, the choice of materials for the rudder trunk should only in conjunction with the interpretation of the rudder stock done to achieve a vote of structural rigidity of the two components rudder trunk and rudder stock.

The main argument for an alternative material, such as a fiber composite, to forged steel is the difficult procurement situation and the high costs for large forgings. The use of fiber composites in conjunction with an effective manufacturing process provide cost advantages.

With fiber composites significant weight advantages over forged steel components can be achieved.

The introduction of the rudder coker 20 in the ship-structurally prepared ship structure by means of gluing or casting method provides technological advantages, such as better alignment options, elimination of welds and welding distortion.

Be used for the rudder trunk 20 fiber composites with the properties of wrought iron, then such a trained rudder trunk 20 can be used without the interposition of a Kokerrohres 90 made of steel.

Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing a rudder shaft 40 receiving, arranged in a rudder blade 30 of the rudder for ships rudder coker 20, wherein in the rudder blade 30 a shipbuilding outer Kokerrohr 90 made of steel or other suitable material is used and attached, thereon a rudder trunk 20 made of a fiber composite material 100 is inserted into the shipbuilding coker tube 90 and aligned in the coker tube 90, whereupon the space between the rudder trunk 20 and the coker tube 90 is filled with a casting resin 95 or both components 20, 90 are glued together. The shipbuilding Kokerrohr 90 is preferably used reaching to the lower edge 11a of the head box 11 of the rudder blade 30.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

hull

11

headbox

11a

lower edge

20

rudder trunk

20a

Upper rudder trunk end

20b

lower rudder trunk end

25

Internal longitudinal bore

30

rudder blade

31

collection

35

cylindrical confiscation

36

lateral planking

37

lateral planking

40

rudder

40a

lower rudder end

40b

The End

41

end

42

end

45

middle shaft section

51

spigot

51a

surface structuring

52

spigot

52a

surface structuring

60

Carbon fiber coils

70

Bottom Bracket

71

external storage

80

material gain

90

rudder pipe

95

Cast resin

100

Fiber composite material

PM

Propeller shaft center

Claims (15)

1. A ship with a rudder, comprising a rudder blade (30) with a rudder shaft (40) that is held on bearings in a rudder stock (20),
   characterised in that
   the rudder stock (20) comprises a fibre reinforced material (100) and is inserted in a rudder pipe (90) made from steel or some other suitable material, which rudder pipe (90) has been prepared in the shipyard, is located on the outside, reaches to the lower edge (11a) of the headbox (11) and has been inserted into the rudder blade (30), wherein after alignment of the rudder stock (20) in the rudder pipe (90) the space that is formed between the two components (20, 90) is compound-filled with a casting resin (95), or both components (20, 90) are bonded together.
2. The ship according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the rudder shaft (40) comprises a fibre reinforced material (100).
3. The ship according to one of claims 1 or 2,
   characterised in that
   the fibre reinforced material (100) is a carbon-fibre-reinforced material or comprises carbon fibres with an epoxy resin matrix.
4. The ship according to one of claims 1 or 2,
   characterised in that
   the fibre reinforced material is a glass-fibre-reinforced material with an epoxy resin matrix.
5. The ship according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   the rudder shaft (40) and/or the rudder stock (20) are produced according to the filament winding system.
6. The ship according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the rudder shaft (40) comprises end sections (41, 42) made of a metallic material, in particular made of cast iron, and a middle shaft section (45) made of a non-metallic material, which middle shaft section (45) is connected to the end sections (41, 42).
7. The ship according to claim 6,
   characterised in that
   the middle shaft section (45) of the rudder shaft (40), which middle shaft section (45) comprises a non-metallic material, comprises a carbon-fibre-reinforced material, or carbon fibres, preferably graphite fibres.
8. The ship according to one of the preceding claims 6 and 7,
   characterised in that
   the two end sections (41, 42) of the rudder shaft (40), which end sections (41, 42) comprise cast iron, at their faces that point towards each other comprise throat-like, peg-shaped sections (51, 52) whose circumferential surfaces comprise textured areas (51a, 52a) as adhesive surfaces for the middle shaft section (45) that comprises carbon fibres, which sections (51 a, 52a) in the form of windings (60) enclose the peg-shaped sections (51, 52) on the end sections (41, 42), wherein the carbon fibres in the entire winding region that extends along the length of the middle shaft section (45) are encased by a casting resin and are compound-filled.
9. The ship according to any one of the preceding claims 6 to 8,
   characterised in that
   the ratio of the lengths of the end sections (41, 42) to the middle shaft section (45) of the rudder shaft (40) is 1/6 to 2/3 to 1/6.
10. The ship according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that
    the rudder shaft (40) in the region of the bearings (70, 71) that are arranged in the rudder stock bearing (20) comprise material reinforcements.
11. The ship according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    the material reinforcements (80) are provided in the region of the end of the rudder stock bearing (20b).
12. The ship according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    the material reinforcements (80) are provided in the region of the internal bearing (70) that is provided on the rudder stock bearing (20).
13. The ship according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 12,
    characterised in that
    the rudder stock (20) as a cantilever comprises a central internal longitudinal hole (25) to receive the rudder shaft (40) for the rudder blade (30), and is designed to extend to the rudder blade (30) that is connected to the rudder shaft end, wherein for holding the rudder shaft (40) at least one bearing (70) is arranged in the internal longitudinal hole (25) of the ruder stock (20) which with its free end (40a) extends into a recess, throat or the like (31) into the rudder blade (30), wherein the rudder shaft (40) in its end region (40a) with one section (40b) is led out from the rudder stock (20) and with the end of this section (40b) is connected to the rudder blade (30), wherein the connection between the rudder shaft (40) and the rudder blade (30) is preferably situated above the middle (PM) of the propeller shaft, and wherein the internal bearing (70) for holding the rudder shaft (40) is arranged in the rudder stock (20) in the end region of the rudder stock (20).
14. A method for producing a rudder stock (20) that receives the rudder shaft (40) and that is arranged in a rudder blade (30) of the rudder for ships,
    characterised in that
    an outer rudder pipe (90) made of steel or some other suitable material is inserted and attached in the rudder blade (30), thereafter a rudder stock (20) made of fibre reinforced material (100) is inserted and aligned in the rudder pipe (90), after which the space between the rudder stock (20) and the rudder pipe (90) is filled with a casting resin (95), or both components (20, 90) are bonded together.
15. The method according to claim 14,
    characterised in that
    the rudder pipe (90) is inserted so that it reaches to the lower edge (11a) of the headbox (11) of the rudder blade (30).

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