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EP2032906A2 - Dispositif permettant de chauffer des bâtiments et de l'eau chaude domestique - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant de chauffer des bâtiments et de l'eau chaude domestique

Info

Publication number
EP2032906A2
EP2032906A2 EP07721832A EP07721832A EP2032906A2 EP 2032906 A2 EP2032906 A2 EP 2032906A2 EP 07721832 A EP07721832 A EP 07721832A EP 07721832 A EP07721832 A EP 07721832A EP 2032906 A2 EP2032906 A2 EP 2032906A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
energy
collector unit
heat pump
solar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07721832A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Zdenek VOJTÍK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulak Jiri
Original Assignee
Sulak Jiri
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulak Jiri filed Critical Sulak Jiri
Publication of EP2032906A2 publication Critical patent/EP2032906A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/30—Geothermal collectors using underground reservoirs for accumulating working fluids or intermediate fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the technical solution concerns a device used to heat buildings and domestic hot water by means of a device for collecting solar energy, a heat accumulator and a brine/water heat pump.
  • the known devices for heating buildings and preparing domestic hot water which employ solar collectors, are designed as devices that provide the heating of domestic hot water, directly or using heat exchangers usable for heating, or cooperate with the collector section of a brine/water heat pump by sharing the heat-carrying medium of the collector section - ground traps of low-potential heat.
  • the collectors have to be filled with an antifrost mixture compatible with the required properties of the heat pump type.
  • Circulation in the primary circuit is usually stabilized at a temperature of about 0 0 C, but the low-pressure part of the compressor circuit after expansion works at a temperature of about -25 0 C.
  • mixer valves an electronic control system and backup sources that can reduce the energy benefits and the efficiency of such systems. Disclosure of the invention
  • a device for heating buildings and domestic hot water consisting of a brine/water heat pump with a ground collector unit and a solar collector unit with forced circulation of the heat transfer medium, connected to an energy storage cell through a primary exchanger, with a secondary energy exchanger inset in the discharge - secondary circuit of the energy storage cell, the secondary energy exchanger's inlet side being connected to the outlet pipe of the ground collector unit, the outlet pipe being connected to the inlet of the primary side of the heat pump and the cooled outlet of the primary side of the heat pump being connected to the inlet of the ground collector unit, as specified in this technical solution.
  • the solar collector unit is fitted with a thermal sensor and the energy storage cell is fitted with another thermal sensor, which ' are both connected to the circulation pump of the solar circuit via a control element, e.g. a comparator.
  • a control element placed advantageously at the outlet from the secondary energy exchanger to restrict the temperature of the outgoing heat transfer medium based on the specific parameters of the heat pump.
  • the collector unit is advantageously comprised of a non- rotating part, placed in the focal point of the rotating focusing mirror, fitted with a drive to adjust its position in relation to the Sun in order to obtain the maximum profit from solar energy.
  • the stationary non-rotating part can have the shape of a small -area collector, comprising a hot-water vacuum collector for collecting heat, or can consist of a combined photovoltaic cell, adjusted to collect power from sunlight focused by a rotating focusing mirror.
  • the benefit of this solution is the use of renewable sources of energy for the purposes of domestic heating and heating of domestic hot water in apartments, family houses, residential buildings, civic facilities and social care facilities as well as accommodation facilities, but also in the municipal areas of education and healthcare and in the non-profit sector for special -purpose facilities.
  • the solution allows to decrease significantly the operating costs of such facilities.
  • certain rules can be set for the utilization of renewable sources of energy to account for the complex evaluation of the sum of investment costs, the demands on the provision of the sources, the exhaustibility of the sources as such, the need to solve support programs, e.g. to ensure biomass for burning, in particular in terms of the required parameters of wood.
  • Another method, often preferred, is to obtain solar energy to heat and prepare domestic hot water. In this case it is necessary to consider the rather significant limitation of usability, stemming from the physiology of solar radiation. In summer approximately 3 to 3.3kWh per sq m are available each day. The lowest value of approximately 0.27kWh per sq m a day is achieved in December and January, when heating consumption is the highest, not to mention the preparation of domestic hot water.
  • the proposed solution uses a property of heat pumps - or generally the Carnot cycle - where efficiency, expressed as heat factor "k" , depends on thermal rise - cycle.
  • efficiency expressed as heat factor "k"
  • the machine - heat pump - has a higher heat factor under the conditions of decreasing differential between the temperature of the heat transfer medium on the source, or primary, side and the heat transfer medium on the consumer, or secondary, side.
  • the machine is able to produce a larger quantity of energy with a lower temperature differential between the primary and the secondary circuit because the efficiency of the transfer grows. If the temperature of the primary circuit is successfully increased while the temperature of the secondary circuit is the same, the heat factor of the heat pump will rise.
  • a solar system commonly used for the preparation of domestic hot water in summer produces energy that can be used in a bivalent or trivalent boiler.
  • the boiler is supplied from the solar collectors and if heat from the solar collectors is not available, supplementary heating is provided by bivalent source or the second of the trivalent source, which is usually a power resistor element submerged in the boiler and controlled by the control system.
  • the "insufficiently heated" water of 38°C or less will be used to heat the incoming - primary water for the heat pump from the ground trap.
  • domestic hot water will be produced in the boiler of the heat pump by achieving a lower thermal rise of the Carnot cycle with significantly lower energy demands.
  • the energy from the solar boiler or, alternatively, from a dedicated reservoir collecting solar energy is drawn using an additional secondary exchanger of a special design and with an adjusted heat- transfer area, where the source antifrost mixture flows through one branch of the exchanger, by means of forced circulation, from the outlet of the ground trap and the heated water flows through the other branch from the reservoir or the boiler, connected to the solar collectors.
  • This heated primary antifrost mixture serves as a source heat transfer medium for the heat pump.
  • the additional exchanger shall have a design conforming to the required functionality under gravity water circulation. The utilization of energy stops automatically when the temperatures of both types of media level out and the heat pump again starts working with the energy supplied by the ground collector until the new replenishment with solar energy.
  • Connecting the solar device for collecting solar energy to the heat storage cell using a suitable heat exchanger will create conditions for collecting solar energy by the primary circuit of the heat pump, which is adjusted to store the energy from the solar device connected to the heat storage cell in the storage cell by means of the first exchanger, and the energy storage process is regulated by forced circulation controlled by a sensor reading the temperature of the medium leaving the solar device depending on this temperature, and removes the stored energy by means of the secondary exchanger to the primary collection loop of the heat pump, which has its own circulation pump.
  • figure 1 shows a connection diagram and figure 2 a diagram of the design of the secondary heat exchanger.
  • figure 4 displays a chart of the average daily energy collectable from 1 sq m of the solar device in an ordinary year,- figure 5 shows an outline of the collector unit and figure 6 its plan view . Examples of the design of the invention
  • the device for heating buildings and domestic hot water contains brine/water heat pump 5_ with ground collector unit ;4 and solar collector unit 1. with forced circulation of heat transfer medium, which are connected to energy storage cell 2_ by means of collector ⁇ _.
  • the discharge - secondary circuit of energy storage cell 2 ⁇ incorporates secondary energy exchanger 3_, whose inlet side is connected to the outlet pipe of ground collector unit £ and whose outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the primary side of heat pump _5, with the cooled outlet of the primary circuit of heat pump E ⁇ being connected to the inlet of ground collector unit 4_.
  • Solar collector unit _1 is fitted with a temperature sensor and energy storage cell 2_ is fitted with another temperature sensor, both sensors being connected by means of a control element to the primary circuit's circulation pump.
  • a control element is installed at the outlet of secondary energy exchanger 3 ⁇ to restrict the temperature of the incoming heat transfer medium based on the specific parameters of heat pump J5.
  • Solar collector unit 1_ with forced circulation of the heat transfer medium charges suitable storage cell 2_ with heat obtained from sunlight by means of suitably designed exchanger 6_.
  • a small battery-type differential electronic system evaluates the condition of the charging set using two contact sensors. In case of a positive difference between the temperature at sensor 1, placed in solar collector unit 1_, and sensor 2, placed in storage cell 2 ⁇ the electronic unit triggers the circulation pump of the solar circuit using a simple relay and the charging of storage cell 2 starts until the temperatures at both sensors are equal (with hysteresis + - 2°C) . In practice it means that there is no discharge of storage cell 2 at night and in times when the solar device does not provide any usable energy.
  • the discharge of the stored energy from storage cell starts automatically when heat offtake commences, for example when the compressor of heat pump 5 ⁇ starts up, leading to the automatic actuation of the circulation pump of the circuit of ground collector units 4 for heat pump ⁇ 5.
  • the discharge of energy automatically stops as soon as the temperature of the media in the two circuits of secondary exchanger 3 ⁇ is the same, in practice when the temperature of +4°C is reached, i.e. when water in storage cell 2_ reaches the highest density and the gravitational medium circulation ceases. Circulation can revert in the opposite direction if the medium continues to be cooled from ground collector unit 4_. This circulation, however, can restrict the freezing of the heat-transfer area of secondary exchanger 2_ anc ⁇ i- s not detrimental .
  • the gravitational mechanism of utilization of the heat stored in storage cell 2_ will come into action if the height of secondary exchanger 3 ⁇ i- s sufficient and the active cross- section of the hydraulic circuit of secondary exchanger 3 - side connected to storage cell 2_ - is sufficient.
  • the outlet side of secondary exchanger 3 ⁇ must have the largest heat- transfer area possible to allow an optimum transfer of heat to the circuit at heat pump 5_.
  • the heat-transfer area can be increased by connecting disks along the length of secondary exchanger 3_- This constitutes the so-called wire exchanger, whose various designs are known in technical practice.
  • the geometrical parameters of secondary exchanger 3 ⁇ depend on the volume of the transferred energy.
  • Solar energy F is transferred by means of the heat-transfer medium in solar collector JL to storage cells 2 ⁇ 7 where it is stored.
  • the stored energy is independently removed from secondary exchanger J3 and is used to warm up the heat -transfer medium from the geothermal trap and, after warming up, enters heat pump _5, where the collected energy is transferred to hot water usable for heating or preparation of domestic hot water; at the same time it is possible to remove heat from storage cell 2_ until the temperature is equal to the medium of ground collector unit 4_ - i.e. 0°C in practice.
  • the process of discharging the energy from solar collector unit 1 stored in storage cell 2 ⁇ stops automatically when a thermodynamic balance is reached in the heat-transfer area of secondary energy exchanger 3_ due to the balancing temperature of the heat-transfer medium in the periphery of ground collector unit 4_ with the temperature of the heat-transfer medium used in energy storage cell 2 ⁇ .
  • the energy obtained from the solar device is used all year round to prepare heat and domestic hot water, with the energy yield transformed by means of the heat factor of heat pump _5 until the temperature of the heat-transfer medium of storage cell :2 is equal to the temperature of heat-transfer medium of ground collector unit £ in a range that cannot be used for the purposes of heating or preparation of hot water.
  • figure 4 shows the chart of average daily energy collectible from 1 sq m of area of the solar device in the current year.
  • Collector unit 4_ comprises non-rotating part 1_, placed in the focal point of rotating focusing mirror B_, fitted with a drive unit to adjust the position in relation to the Sun in order to achieve the maximum profit from the energy of sunlight.
  • Stationary non-rotating part 1_ has the shape of a small -area trap, comprising a hot-water vacuum collector for collecting heat.
  • stationary non-rotating part 1_ comprises a combined photovoltaic cell, adjusted to obtain power from sunlight focused by rotating focusing mirror £.
  • Rotating focusing mirror 8_ is positioned based on the position of the Sun using a hydraulic rotation system, where the energy necessary for rotating is provided by ether-filled hydraulics, similar to the ventilation systems in greenhouses.
  • Rotating focusing mirror 85 has a light structure, which allows to use this device independently of electric drive.
  • the device as specified in this technical solution can be designed, if a clear investment plan is submitted, for use in family houses and residential developments as well as in the industry for heating industrial facilities.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a trait à un dispositif permettant de chauffer des bâtiments et de l'eau chaude domestique, qui se présente sous la forme d'une pompe à chaleur saumure/eau (5) dotée d'une unité capteur enterré (4) et d'une unité capteur solaire (1) à ventilation forcée du milieu de transfert thermique, lesdites unités étant reliées à une cellule de stockage d'énergie (2) par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur (6). Un circuit secondaire de décharge de la cellule de stockage d'énergie (2) contient un échangeur d'énergie secondaire (3), dont le côté orifice d'entrée est relié au tuyau de sortie de l'unité capteur enterré (4) et dont le tuyau de sortie est relié à l'orifice d'entrée du côté primaire de la pompe à chaleur (5), l'orifice de sortie refroidi du côté primaire de la pompe à chaleur (5) étant relié à l'orifice d'entrée de l'unité capteur enterré (4). L'unité capteur solaire (1) est dotée d'un capteur de température et la cellule de stockage d'énergie (2) est dotée d'un autre capteur de température, les capteurs étant reliés à la pompe de circulation du circuit solaire à l'aide d'un élément de commande.
EP07721832A 2006-06-01 2007-05-30 Dispositif permettant de chauffer des bâtiments et de l'eau chaude domestique Withdrawn EP2032906A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ200617796U CZ17018U1 (cs) 2006-06-01 2006-06-01 Zařízení k vytápění objektů a ohřevu teplé užitkové vody
PCT/CZ2007/000043 WO2007137529A2 (fr) 2006-06-01 2007-05-30 Dispositif permettant de chauffer des bâtiments et de l'eau chaude domestique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2032906A2 true EP2032906A2 (fr) 2009-03-11

Family

ID=37684175

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07721832A Withdrawn EP2032906A2 (fr) 2006-06-01 2007-05-30 Dispositif permettant de chauffer des bâtiments et de l'eau chaude domestique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2032906A2 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ17018U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007137529A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110554617B (zh) * 2019-09-09 2022-12-20 南京工业大学 一种自动控制实验教学装置及方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2952541C2 (de) * 1979-12-28 1987-01-15 Chemowerk GmbH Fabrik für Behälter und Transportgeräte, 7056 Weinstadt Heizvorrichtung zur Ausnutzung von Erdwärme mittels einer Wärmepumpe
FR2505990B1 (fr) * 1981-05-14 1986-03-28 Calories Geothermiques Solaire Systeme de chauffage pour locaux, notamment pour locaux d'habitation
DE19714679A1 (de) * 1997-04-01 1998-10-08 Peschke Christoph Dr Ing Klimaanlage mit geregelter Kopplung von Solarkollektoren und Wärmepumpen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007137529A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007137529A2 (fr) 2007-12-06
WO2007137529A3 (fr) 2008-01-17
CZ17018U1 (cs) 2006-11-27

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