EP2032673A1

EP2032673A1 - Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens

Info

Publication number: EP2032673A1
Application number: EP07725552A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Werner Hippe
Original assignee: Uhde GmbH
Current assignee: ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Priority date: 2006-06-06
Filing date: 2007-05-25
Publication date: 2009-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2027-05-25
Also published as: MX2008015739A; PT2032673E; CA2653512C; US20090283395A1; KR101476454B1; WO2007140891A1; ES2330975T3; DE202006009985U1; TW200823283A; AU2007256495A1; DE502007001456D1; EP2032673B1; CA2653512A1; US9115313B2; PL2032673T3; RU2441898C2; RU2008152773A; AU2007256495B2; JP2009540024A; KR20090015104A

Abstract

A horizontal coke oven has a floor with an upper layer (11a) and a lower layer (11b), each made of firebrick. The layers are made of the same or different types of material. The top layer is made of solid material. The lower layer incorporates a series of channels, gaps or cracks open to the ambient air. The upper surface of the top layer is flat. The downward-facing profile of the lower layer is domed. The thickness of the open channels is determined in accordance with the thickness of the main sidewalls.

Description

Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens

The invention relates to a coke oven in horizontal construction, a so-called non-recovery or heat-recovery coke oven, wherein the coke oven floor is constructed of at least two layers and the layers of the same or different refractory materials are formed. The first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material and the second layer has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like, wherein the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, gaps or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas channel , Furthermore, the invention relates to a floor segment comprising at least these two layers and a method in which one or more of said coke ovens are used.

The heating of heat-recovery coking ovens is usually carried out by combustion of the resulting gas during coking. The combustion is controlled so that a portion of the gas burns above the coal charge with primary air in the furnace chamber. This partially combusted gas is fed via channels, which are also referred to as "downcomer", the heating cables of the sole of the furnace chamber and completely burned here by adding further combustion air, the secondary air. In this way, the coal charge heat is supplied directly from above and indirectly from below, which has an advantageous effect on the coking rate and thus on the performance of the furnaces.

These known coke ovens work in principle reliable, but have the disadvantage that long cooking times of up to 60 hours are required to bleed the coke cake. The object of the invention is thus to disclose a coke oven and a method, by means of which shorter cooking times can be achieved.

It could be found that a cause of the cooking time is the massive furnace floor, which must carry the coal bed. This has a considerable thermal resistance, so that the underside of the coal bed significantly longer cooked ausg more than the top. The invention therefore achieves the object by means of a horizontal coke oven comprising a coke oven chamber, a coke oven bottom and a plurality of horizontally extending flue gas ducts arranged below the coke oven bottom in the region of the furnace brine. The coke oven bottom located between the coke oven chamber and the flue gas channel is at least in the vertical direction built two layers and supported on the walls of the flue gas ducts. Each of these layers is formed of the same or different refractory materials, such as silica, chamotte, etc. The coke oven according to the invention is characterized in that the first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material, and the second layer has a multiplicity of openings, gaps, gaps, small channels or the like, the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, Gaps, channels or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas duct.

Ideally, the second layer has a vaulted-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one flat top on which lies in the normal operation of the coke cake or the coal or coke charge during the cooking time. In this case, the coke oven can be further improved to the effect that between the first and second layer at least one further layer or transition elements are arranged.

At the present temperatures around 800 ^° C., the convective components of the heat transport are subordinate to the radiation-related component of the heat transport, so that no gas has to flow in the openings, channels, etc. With the use of the second layer in the form of such a latticework, therefore, the statics of the furnace are minimally affected, but the strength of the supporting coke oven bottom can be reduced by up to 40%. This leads to a significant reduction in the average thermal resistance of the coke oven bottom and, as a result, to a likewise considerable shortening of the cooking time or increase in the oven output. A positive concomitant effect arises from the fact that the increased surface roughness of the smoke channel ceiling leads to a local reduction of the flow velocity, which also results in an increase in the transmittable heat quantity per unit time.

Another optimization is that the second layer is formed of molded bricks made of solid material and arranged such that openings, gaps, gaps or the like are formed between adjacent shaped bricks or the wall. The advantage of this design is the simple implementation, since the identical, wedge-shaped ceiling tiles can be used, which are already used for the full-surface and known in the art duct ceiling. An optimization of the coke oven is that the second layer is formed from molded bricks, each individual shaped brick having at least one opening, column, gap, channel or the like and ideally each individual shaped brick more openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like having. Depending on the design requirements, the two abovementioned possibilities for producing gaps or shaped blocks with channels can be combined with full-bodied molded blocks.

For certain requirements, the open cross section of the openings, gaps, gaps or channels in the underlayer may be different. Different cross-sections of the openings allow an optimization of the gas flow and the heat flow. Thus, in particular, it may happen that the open cross section of said devices in the region of the doors and the furnace walls is increased in order to allow a uniform distribution of the heat flow in the entire region of the gas delivery channel. For exact dimensioning of the openings, their cross sections can be calibrated. Thereby, depending on the embodiment of the invention, the cooking process of the coke over the entire length of the furnace can be made uniform. In addition, heating defects can be compensated with this type of opening design. A further improvement of the heat transfer can be achieved if at least one further layer is arranged between the first and second layer, wherein the molded block forming the first layer itself comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like and forms this additional intermediate layer

When the first layer has two plane-parallel sides and the second layer has been arcuately curved, it is usually necessary to provide a compensating interlayer or transition elements so that the first layer can be ideally supported on the second layer. In this case, an improved embodiment is that the intermediate layer or transition stones, which are provided to compensate for different contours of the layers, consists of molded blocks, which have at least one opening, a gap, gap, channel or the like.

The coke oven bottom formed from many individual stones must be bricked with a high expenditure of time. This expenditure of time can be considerably reduced by means of a further variant of the coke oven according to the invention are when the coke oven bottom is formed in the vertical direction of only a full ground segment comprising a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer having a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like.

Ideally, these floor segments are shaped so that they have a concave curvature on the underside. The underlayer of these floor segments can also form the ceiling of the flue gas duct in the embodiment of the method according to the invention. During normal operation of the device, the coke cake or the coke bed are on the top layer of Koksofenbo- dens. The cover layer is therefore usually not arched shaped, but has a horizontal horizontal design.

To facilitate the constructive production of the coke oven, the bottom molds advantageously already in their outer form the contour of the finished floor. Thus, the provided for the second layer floor blocks may already have a vaulted like curved shape as individual components. The provided for the first layer floor blocks, however, have as individual blocks on its upper side advantageously a flat expression.

For particular constructive relief of the construction, the floor blocks can also be shaped and dimensioned in size, that they are adapted in their entire extent to the width of the respective flue gas duct and to the thickness of the flue gas duct walls. Each individual floor tile then spans the flue gas channel in its entire width and lies with its ends on the flue gas duct walls. A plurality of paralleled on the flue gas duct Bodenformsteinen then spans the flue gas duct.

Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing coke, in which a coke oven is used in one of the aforementioned embodiments.

Below, by way of example, some embodiments are described in more detail with reference to Figures 1 to 3b. Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a known coke oven 1 in a horizontal design. The actual coke oven chamber 2 is enclosed by the outer walls 3 and is supplied via the primary air duct 9 with combustion air. The combustion gases are discharged from the coke oven chamber 2 via a wall duct, the so-called downcomer 4, into the flue gas inlet. Ie 5 passed, which run below the Koksofenbodens 11. The flue gas channels 5 are separated by partitions 6, but are in a manner not shown with each other. Below the flue gas ducts 5 run secondary air ducts 8, via which the combustion in the flue gas ducts 5 can be controlled. The coal bed or the coke 10 is the intended operation as a bed or pressed cake on the coke oven bottom 11th

The sectional view Fig. 2a shows the coke oven bottom 11 in detail. The coke oven bottom 11 constructed of the two layers 11a and 11b is placed on the partitions formed of partition wall blocks 20. The actual surface of the coke oven bottom 11 is formed of flat bottom plates 15, which are placed on the horizontal transition stones 13. These horizontal transition blocks 13 form the vertical end of the partitions 6. Below the transition brick 13 two support stones 17 are arranged, which in turn rest on the masonry crowns of the respective partition 6. The partition 6 is formed from cuboid shaped stones 20. On the flanks of the supporting stones 17, the ceiling 12 of the flue gas duct 5 is supported, which is formed as an arc and formed from a plurality of wedge-shaped ceiling stones 16. The ceiling tiles 16 are arranged so that between the ceiling tiles 16 always a gap 18 or channel is formed, as shown in the bottom view of the ceiling 12 in Fig. 2a. It is a further advantage of the invention to be seen in that the latticework in the lower layer 11 b less building material is needed, which is economically advantageous.

In Fig. 3a, the structure of the coke oven bottom is shown in a sectional view when the ground segments 19 of the invention are used. The floor segment 19 is formed in the vertical direction as a continuous molded block and, when installed, rests on two partition walls 6 each. In the floor segment 19, openings, channels 18 or the like have been provided on the production side. The unilaterally open channels 18 communicate with the gas space of the flue gas channel 5 in connection. In the example shown, the channels 18 do not run perpendicular to the first layer 11a, but are arranged in a fan-like manner, so that only the smallest possible areas of the first layer 11a remain without connection to the ends of the channels 18. In Fig.3b the bottom view of the bottom segment 19 is shown. The shadow edges of the ceiling channels 18 are shown due to the better clarity only for a number of the ceiling channels 18 as dashed lines. [0019] List of Reference Numerals

1 coke oven

2 coke oven chamber

3 outer wall 4 downcomers

5 flue gas duct

6 Side partition of the flue gas duct

7 coke oven foundation

8 secondary air duct 9 primary air duct

10 coke cake, pouring

11 coke oven bottom

11a first layer, cover layer 11b second layer, lower layer 12 ceiling of the flue gas channel

13 Horizontal transition stone

14 Vertical transition stone

15 base plate

16 ceiling tile of the flue gas channel 17 support stone

18 ceiling duct, gap, opening

19 Form stone, floor segment 0 Form stone of the partition wall

Claims

A horizontal coke oven comprising a coke oven chamber, a coke oven bottom, and a plurality of horizontally extending flue gas channels below the coke oven bottom, the coke oven bottom located between the coke oven chamber and flue gas channel being vertically constructed of at least two layers and supported on the walls of the flue gas channel, and each layer the same or different refractory materials is formed, characterized in that seen from the oven room

- First layer represents a cover layer, which is formed of a solid material and

- The second layer is a lower layer having a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like, wherein the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, gaps or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas duct.

2. Horizontal coke oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the second layer has a vaulted-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one flat top.

3. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that between the first and second layer nor at least one further layer or transition elements are arranged.

4. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second layer is formed of molded blocks, which consist of solid material and are arranged such that openings, gaps, gaps or the like are formed between adjacent molded blocks.

5. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second layer is formed from molded bricks, each individual shaped brick having at least one opening, column, gap, channel or the like and ideally each individual molded block a plurality of openings, columns, Has gaps, channels or the like.

6. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the second layer is formed from full-bodied shaped bricks and shaped bricks according to claim 5.

7. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the second layer is a combination of the layer structure according to the two claims 4 or 5.

8. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between the first and second layer at least one further layer is arranged, wherein the forming the first layer forming block itself comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer formed of solid material and the underlayer has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like and forms this intermediate layer.

9. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the intermediate layer or transition stones, which are provided to compensate for different contours of the layers, consists of molded blocks, which have at least one opening, column, gap, channel or the like.

10. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coke oven bottom is formed in the vertical direction of only a full segment comprising a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer a plurality of Has openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like.

11. Horizontal coke oven according to claim 10, characterized in that the coke oven bottom forming molding blocks are convexly curved on the bottom.

12. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the open cross-section of the openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like in the lower layer per square meter is different.

13. Horizontal coke oven according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the open cross-section of the openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like per square meter in the region of the doors and / or the furnace walls is increased without adjacent furnace.

14. Horizontal coke oven according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the openings, gaps and gaps for the targeted heating of the base surface of the furnace sole are provided with differently calibrated opening cross-sections.

15. Floor molding block for coke ovens in horizontal construction, characterized in that this shaped brick forms a complete ground segment, which comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer, a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, Kanä- len or the like and in normal operation

- the coke cake or the coke bed is filled on the deck view and

- the lower layer forms the ceiling of the flue gas channel.

16. Floor molding stone according to claim 15, characterized in that the outer contour of the second layer has a vaulted-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one planar upper side.

17. Floor molding stone according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that it is adapted in width to the respective flue gas duct and the thickness of the flue gas duct walls, so that each floor paving spans the respective flue gas duct and can rest on the flue gas duct walls, wherein the intended installation location a plurality of parallel bottom mold bricks cover a flue gas duct.

18 molded block for coke ovens in horizontal construction according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the lower layer is concavely curved on the underside of the cover layer.

19. A method for producing coke, characterized in that a coke oven in horizontal construction according to one of claims 1 to 11 is used.